英汉互译实践与技巧1--13单元汉译英部分原句+答案

第一篇：英汉互译实践与技巧1--13单元汉译英部分原句+答案

Unit 3 1.他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。

In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.2 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。

Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces.4 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。

They do not know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs.5 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。

The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.6在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。

During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy.7.现在有一些值得注意的现象，比如以权谋私，化公为私。对这些事情，当然要批评和法办。

At present there are certain phenomena which warrant our attention.For instance, abusing power for personal gains, and appropriating public property for personal use.Of course, this sort of thing should be criticized and be subjected to legal punishment.8 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠，再接再厉的英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国

Thanks to the Chinese people‟s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.9 对外国的科学，技术，文化，不加分析地一改排斥，和不加分析地一概照搬，都不是马克思主义的态度，都对我们的的事业不利。

Neither the indiscriminate rejection of everything foreign,whether scientific, technological or cultural, nor the indiscriminate imitation of everything foreign, has anything in common with the Marxist attitude, and neither in any way benefits our cause.10 中国已成功发射了第一颗通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。

The successful launching of China‟s first experimental communications satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.Unit 4 1，请把这张表填一下，填完给我。

Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you have finished.2 要提倡顾全大局。

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.3, 吃饭防噎，走路防跌。

While eating, take heed that you do not choke.While walking, take heed that you do not fall.4 送君千里，终有一别。

Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.5 一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮。

A fence needs the support of three stakes;an able fellow needs the help of three other people.6 天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze.7 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.8理论联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。

That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.9 天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。

With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it‟ll rain presently.10 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。

All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.Unit5 1 他一开口总是三句不离本行。

He can hardly open his mouth without talking shop.2 每条河流都有上游，中游，下游。

Every river has its upper, middle and lower reaches.3 他把事情一五一十地都给父母讲了。

He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened.4 人们利用科学去了解自然，改造自然。

People use science to understand and change nature.5 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。

We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.6 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。

These new cars are fast, efficient and handy.7多年来那个国家一直存在严重的失业现象。

For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country.8 新老干部要互相学习，互相帮助，取长补短。

Old and new cadres should learn from and help each other, to make up for each other‟s deficiencies.9 中国人民历来是用于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。

The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.10 生也好，死也好，我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于祖国。

Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, to our people and to our motherland.11 我昨天没有进城，一来是因为天气不好，二来是我不舒服。

I didn‟t go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weather and the fact that I was not feeling myself.12 独立自主，自力更生，无论过去，现在和将来，都是我们的立足点。

Independence and self-reliance have always been and will always be our basic stand.3

Unit6 1 直到昨天我才知道他住院了。

I did not know that he was hospitalized until yesterday.2 我们必须清楚地了解所有牵涉到的问题。

We must get a clear understanding of this things concerned.3 他们的部队，水陆并进，及时抵达前线。

Their troops advanced by both land and water, and arrived at the front in time.4 这次大会充分发扬了民主。大家心情舒畅，生动活泼。

The conference had given full expression to democracy.The atmosphere has been lively and the delegates have enjoyed ease of mind.5 他穿过马路，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过往的车上。

While crossing the street, he looked right and left, afraid that he might run into some passing car.6 只有听党中央指挥，调动一切积极因素，才能顺利实现四个现代化。

Only by following the instruction of the Party Central Committee, and mobilizing all positive factors, can we successfully realize the four modernizations.7 丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或者半灾荒年就不积累或者少积累一点。

Accumulate more in good years and less or none in years when the crops half fail or totally fail.8 所有这些成就，标志着我国全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。

All of these achievements show that China has taken another solid step forward on the road of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects.9 这所大学现有计算机科学，高能物理，激光，地球物理，遥感技术，遗传工程等六个新建的专业。

This university has 6 newly established faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geophysics, Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineer.10 除陆地外，中国有470多平方公里的广大的海域，渤海，黄海，东海，南海四海相连，环绕着中国的东部和东南部海岸。

The Chinese mainland is flanked by the Bohai, the Yellow, the East China and the South China seas in the east and southeast, with a total water surface of more than 4.7 million square kilometers.Unit7 1 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。

His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.2 工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。

Slips are scarcely avoidable when you‟re new to your work.3 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。

The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.4 那城市及周围的地方是不冻港和无核区。

That city and the areas around it are an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon free zone.5 他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家很生气。

His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.6日子很快过去了，她做工作却丝毫没有放松。

The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever.7 她没有同伴，独自一人坐在车厢一角动也不动。

Traveling alone, she was sitting still in the concern of the people.8 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。

Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.9任何事物都有两点，说只有一点叫„知其一不知其二‟。

There are two aspects to everything;to say there is only one is to be aware of one aspect and to be ignorant of the other.10即使没有新的主意也可以，就是不要变，不要使人们感到政策变了。

It doesn‟t matter much whether we can come up with new ideas.What matters is that we should not change our policies and should not make people feel that we are changing them.11 科学家们在会上庄严地保证说；„我们决不辜负党和人民对我们的期望”.The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, „we will for ever live up to what our Party and the people expect of us.‟

12如果分析不当，造成误解，就会变得谨小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢开放手脚，结果是丧失时机，犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。If we fail to analyze it properly and to understand it correctly, we shall become overcautious, not daring to emancipate our minds and act freely.Consequently, we shall lose opportunities.Like a boat sailing against the current, we must forge ahead or be swept downstream.Unit8 1 旅客请在此填写„报关表‟。

Passengers are requested to fill in „Customs Declaration Forms‟ here.2刚才有人在这里讲了一些不该讲的话。

Some things were sail here just now which should not have been said.3他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。

I was astounded that he was prepared to give me a job.4那个男孩受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。

The boy who was seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital.5采取„一国两制‟适合中国国情，并非权宜之计。

„One country, two systems‟ has been adopted to suit China‟s conditions and is not an expedient measure.6 有朝一日家庭将由安装在地下室的笑星反应堆供热。

The time will come when homes will be heated from a small reactor in the basement.7很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。

I‟m very sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain.8请全系师生于星期三下午二时在会议室集合，听报告。

All teachers and students of the department are requested to meet the conference room at 2:00 P.m.on Wednesday to hear a speech.9如果连锁反应不受控制，一直进行下去，就会引起一场大爆炸。

If the chain reaction went on without being checked, it could cause a great explosion.10.利用一架显微镜，就可以看到集成电路被分离和被测试的情况。

With the help of a microscope you can watch the integrated circuits being separated and tested.6 11 如果资本主义在港台得不到保障，哪里的繁荣与稳定就不能维持，和平解决问题也就不可能了。

If the capitalist system is not guaranteed in Hong Kong and Taiwan, prosperity and stability there cannot be maintained and a peaceful settlement will become impossible.12 还设计了另外一些设备，能将噪声分解成该噪声的各种不同发音响频率，并能记录不同频率的音响度。

Other equipment has been devised which is able to break down the noise into various sounds frequencies and record the loudness at different frequencies.Unit 10 1 全世界的科学家都在寻找净化空气，防止空气收到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。Scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficient methods to make the air clean and protect it from pollution by all kinds of harmful industrial waste gases.2 一个不怕困难，百折不挠，坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。

A scientist will surely achieve great successes in his work if he braves all difficulties, keeps on working and perseveres to the end.3 在我们肉眼看来似乎精致不动的一杯水中，却又数不清的水分子正在进行着大量无规则热运动。

Although the water in a glass looks to be totally motionless to our naked eyes, a great deal of disorderly thermal movement of its countless molecules is going on inside.4 在中华民族的几千年的历史中，产生了许多的民族英雄和革命领袖。所以，中华民族又是一个有光辉革命传统和优秀历史遗产的民族。

During the thousands of years of recorded history, the Chinese nation has given birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.Thus the Chinese nation has a glorious revolutionary tradition and a splendid historical heritage.5 这些曾经转战南北，身经百战的精兵强将为发展祖国的钢铁事业，今天有在这里精心设计，精心施工。他们勇敢地克服了一个又一个的困难，艰难地攀登了一个又一个新的台阶。Today, in order to develop the country‟s iron and steel industry, those veterans, who have fought countless battles, are doing meticulous design and construction work.They have bravely overcome many obstacles one after another and climbed up against difficulties and hardships to new steps again and again.6 我们不但要有一个农林牧副渔布局合理，全面发展，能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达农业，还要有一个门类齐全，结构合理，能够暗组社会消费和整个国民经济发展需要的先进工业。

We not only need a developed agricultural system with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production and fishery, meeting the needs of the people‟s life and expanding industry, but also an advanced system which is complete in range and rational in structure and which meets the needs of consumers and the expansion of the whole national economy.7 改良人类现有生存条件与创造新的生存环境相结合的原则，现实性和未来的或然性相结合的原则，以及科学高度专门化和科学互相依赖相结合的原则，是受过科学学和未来学理论思想熏陶的科学家在研究工作中所必须遵守的。

Scientists imbued with the theories of scientism and futurology should follow three principles in their research work, namely, the combination of improving present existing conditions of human beings with creating their new existing environment, the integrating of reality with future probability, and the linking of a high level of scientific specialization with scientific interdependence.Unit 11 1 活到老，学到老。

One is never too old to learn.2 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger‟s lair? 3 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

While there is life, there is hope.4 以其人之道，还治其人之身。

Deal with a man as he deals with you.5 屋内悄无一 人，只听见钟在滴答滴答地走。

No one was in the room;only the ticking of a clock could be heard.6 突然钻出一只狗，追着她咬，几乎把她吓糊涂了。

Suddenly a dog began to chase after her, scaring her almost out of her wits.7 一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成堆了才去做一次总解决。

Whenever a problem crops up, tackle it right away;don‟t let problems pile up and then try to settle them at one go.8 厂里有一条制度，每天夜里各单位都要有一名干部值班。

It is the rule in this plant that there must be one cadre on night duty in each unit.8 9 认识落后，才能改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。

Backwardness must be recognized before it can be changed.One must learn from those who are more advanced before he can catch up with and surpass them.10 当然，随着实践的发展，该完善的完善，该修补的修补，但总的还要坚定不移。

Of course, as the reform progresses, some of these policies should be improved or amended as necessary.But we should keep firmly to our general direction.11港内水域宽阔，水深浪静，万吨轮船通行无阻，5万吨轮船可以乘潮自由进出。

In its inner harbor, the broad and wide seawater is calm and deep.Vessels of 10000 tons can enter or leave the port with ease and 50000-ton freighters can call at or depart from the port with the flood tide.Unit 12 1.我厂生产的112 和 145电冰箱，造型美观，质量可靠，噪音小，好电少，使用方便安全。

The refrigerators of 122 and 145 liters manufacture by our plant are noted for their graceful styles, reliable quality, low noise, low power consumption, easy operation and safety.2.当前我们迫切需要有一股装备优良、人员齐备、按照安全保护原则、本着一丝不苟精神建立起里的先进核能实验室。

A well-equipped and well-manned nuclear-energy lab is badly needed at present.Such a lab, of course, must be advanced in technology and built in accordance with the principle of security and protection as well as in the spirit of meticulous discretion.3.本厂已有35年身缠丝绸服装的历史，其产品远销全球50多个国家和地区。完全真丝，质量上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，光滑柔和，耐洗耐晒，永不褪色，舒适高雅，女士必备，如欲购买，尽快联系。

We have been engaged in silk garment trade for 35 years.The products find a ready market in 50 countries and regions.They are made of high quality pure silk, soft and smooth, an easy fit in the latest style.Fast to washing and sunlight, the silk garment is a must for ladies of good taste.Send today for more information.4.本厂产品质量稳定可靠，深受用户欢迎。从1979年以来，获纺织部和省市奖的产品共达84种。我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则，热忱地为用户服务。

Our product has a stable and reliable quality and is widely accepted by customers.Of all the products produced by the mill,84 sorts have been awarded prizes of various kinds by the Ministry of Textile Industry, the province and the municipality respectively since 1979.Strictly adhering to the principle of “Quality First” and “Customer First”, we will offer best service to our customers.9 5.知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分，在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能，在很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。

Intellectuals are member of the working class who has a better scientific and general education than others.They have an especially important role to play in the reform, the opening up and the modernization drive.Whether we do or not give full scope to their abilities will determine, to a considerable degree, the prosperity or decline of our nation and the success or failure of the drive of modernization.6.历史业已证明，人类对资源的认识、开发和利用，以及利用资源制造生产工具的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。

History has proved that men‟s understanding of natural resources and his tpping and utilizing of them, as well as his capability of making tools of production to make use of these sources, are very important signs to indicate the developing level of social productive forces.And to some extent, these, too, have decided the basic structure and developing pattern of a given society.7.信息技术是在微电子、计算机和现代通讯基础上发展起来的一门高科技，具有信息采集、传输、处理和信息服务等一系列功能。现今已能在一片8英寸的芯片上集成5亿个电子元件，其宽度仅为0.2503微米；微机的信息处理速度已达每秒近亿次以上；计算机虚拟技术将大大拓宽信息技术应用的范围。

Information technology is a hi-technology developed on the basis of micro-electronics, computer and modern communication technology, with the function of information collection, transmission, procession and service, etc.Nowadays 500 million electron elements can be integrated on a chip of 8 inches, each with width of merely 0.2503 micron;the processing speed of the computer may be as fast as nearly 100 million times per second ；the virtual technology of the computer will greatly widen the scope of the application of information technology.8.提高我国的科技水平，必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。但是，独立自主不是闭关自守，自力更生不是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。我们不仅仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外国学习，即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。

In order to raise China’s scientific and technological level we must persist in the policy of independence and self-reliance.But independence does not mean shutting the door to the world, nor does self-reliance mean blind opposition to everything foreign.Science and technology are part of the wealth created in common by all mankind.It is not just today, when we are scientifically and technologically backward, that we need to learn from others.Even after we catch up with the most advanced countries, we shall have to learn from them in areas where they are particularly strong.

第二篇：英汉互译实践与技巧

实践中现存的问题并找出解决的办法 ,走出目前英汉互译教学的困境促使学生了解文化差异 ,多阅读、勤背诵、常思考、重交流 ,熟练掌握英汉互译的技能。

关键词:英汉互译教学;语感;文化

翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的社交活动。汉互译教学的任务是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能 乐趣。

简单的精读课教学,其结果是学生只能从中

学习几个单词或者短语 ,难以全面掌握翻译的技能,二、英汉互译教学效果的改进措施

.要求学生多阅读、勤背诵

1.翻译教学的目的不明确 语言重在培养学习感觉和灵性。阅读可以提高

将所看过的各种素材

2.学生的认识不到位 我所用、信手拈来。背诵是一个日积月累的过程 ,以后的实践中能够自如地运用2.培养学生常思考、多交流

语言学科尤其是英汉互译课程 ,囊括了历史、地 度上领会文化的差异给英汉互译带来的影响。

理、经济、文化、科技等方方面面的知识。

在英汉互译教学中不断要求学生对身边的一切事物 任何课程都受到外部和内部两大因素的影响。

通过英汉两种语言进行互换思考 ,保持“事事关心 外部因素包括科学技术的发展、社会经济的变化、人

它的表达 ,时时我来表达 ”的积极语言学习态度。口的流动、文化的变迁等 ,内部因素则包括教育系统

经常性的思考训练 ,有助于培养学生的灵感思维。灵感思维是翻译活动中译者通过对原语的透彻理解 影响。

学生互相学习,经常交流 ,吸取他人的正确思维和语 多思考多讨论 ,要在辅导环节对学生的译文进行评

言表达方式。析 ,充分调动学生的语言学习积极性。

3.指导学生了解文化差异

第三篇：英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12单元参考答案

Unit1 1.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里

3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

11.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康。

12.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象的事。我们很少想到死。来日方长，前途无量。于是，我们忙于琐碎的事物，根本意识不到我们对生命的漠然态度

13.A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle a funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭的心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。

Unit2 1.Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。2.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。3.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation 支付随通货膨胀的变化而变化。.4.Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续的条件下，可授予他们一切必要的执照 5.Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化的干扰。

6.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任须得到董事会三分之二以上的成员同意。

7.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.样品在实验室经过一系列的检验，其主要目的在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当的加工方法。

8.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙的注意。9.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实的途径。

10.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人们往往对精巧的器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它的人。11.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我们国家的缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，或许这正是他们的匠心所在。12.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.随着现代技术的发展，哲学中的机械论再度变得盛极一时。13.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.对于社会主义经济体制的两种模式需要从市场功能的观点来加以区别。

Unit3 1.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.我对她的仰慕之情与日剧增

2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.他一向反对矫揉造作的英语

3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand.看演出的观众少则几十人，多则数千人。

4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction

思想独立的观察家们对你们这方面所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.难怪老一辈的许多人一见到它就会想到36年前的往事。

6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已大大的增加。

7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence

读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯的原来是个黑人。

8.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child

我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来。9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干的坏事。

10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团。

11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉的流水吧我的身体托浮在水面上。

12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社会名流。

Unit4 1.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界。2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸。

3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.我们居住的星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成的球体。4,。The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.瞳孔随光线的强弱变化而缩小放大。

5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪。6.Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man..读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确。

7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.热情的主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。

8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要。而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能。

10.Histories make men wise;poets witty;mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩。

Unit5 1．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺。

2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。

3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.与人同乐才是真乐。

4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。

5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好。

6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.放射线可以引起遗传性疾病。

7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.会引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。

8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输的主要能源。

9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.流感病人必须与健康的人隔开，以免疾病传播。

10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周。

11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。

12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees.Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽。14.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.人类对科学的研究，对知识的寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸的能力。

Unit 6 1.It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。2.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.她非要他讲清楚他的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。3.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。

4.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

5.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。6.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴。7.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道。

8.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.总统也号召每年的这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼的时刻全国默哀。

9.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing。

如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。

10.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort? 你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富的生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史的努力？

11.Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what? 游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来。搭班船的、坐包船的、驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路。他们想看什么呢？ Unit7 1.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。

2.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所说的金钱是万能呢。

3.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。4.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行。5.I know it is a square peg in a round hole;still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用。

6.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他的新主子。7.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity

双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案。8.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat 9.燃料中的所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能。

10.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。11.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾。12.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4 degree F.除了太阳的热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球的温度升高四分之一华氏度。13.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.动物发出的声音并不都起语言作用。只需以发现蝙蝠的回声定位这个不同寻常的事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格的功利作用。

14.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.当代社会崇尚汽车的现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人。

15.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。16.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好。

17.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心。18.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”

富兰克林·罗斯福总统的夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后的文明持续下去，我们付出多大的艰辛争取也不过分。”

19.It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上的最后一个座位，身强力壮的中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿。他们本不应该这样做。

UNIT8 1.The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界的石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取的更为方便的动力。2.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来的。

3.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中的停留时间。4.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.关于胚胎干细胞研究的复杂性已经谈的很多了

5.Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做的硬而不粘，但却有弹性。

6.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我们学过，写商务信件要用规范的格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便。

7.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她。没有对她说明任何理由，对她的行为也没提出任何异议。而且不许她向女主人申诉。

8.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天的人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前的人来说，却似乎是不可思议的东西。考虑到这一点，科学发展的速度之快就显而易见了。9.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成的破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中的一个例子。

10.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物的进化历史和形成条件。

11.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近来我们发现本馆的图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注。现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅。今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚。

12.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession.It is noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信。根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处。照此看来，贵处似无收信的记录，甚为遗憾。如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激。

Unit9 1.Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct;or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”

大多数受过教育的人说话或写作时使用的英语就是正确的英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用的说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确的。2.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。3.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection 认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。

4.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上更准确的多。5.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般的人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因。

6.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是对于绝大多数受过教育的人过去所深信的所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多的人所怀疑，所以人们对生命的价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广。7.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美国人受的教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大为解。

8.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来的一种信念，认为如果受剥削的阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好。

9.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四的人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。

10.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员。11.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

12.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

Unit10 1.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美国人的许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到的游客费解。2.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁的“经济新秩序”的一线曙光。

3.Late 19 century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅。4.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己的生活，有时也影响别人的生活。5.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观的时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品的录音解说。

6.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉强躲过洪水劫难的财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了。

7.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些国家的人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同。8.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做。9.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美国私立学校开设的课程很多，以满足某些学生的各种需求。

10.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。

11.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人们所知道的几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余。我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球的巨星。12.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣的东西。

thUnit 11 1.When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开了。他们看到了一位身材修长的人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊。

2.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了的时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容。3.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。

4.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑。5.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因为在自然界的任何地方都找不到处于游离态的铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知。铝总是喜欢和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的情况是和氧的结合，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。

6.Marjorie has been raised by a scheming aunt to find a millionaire dollars and marry it.So when at17, she felt in love with a poor medical student, the aunt promptly arranged to take her niece abroad.In the 90s that was still standard technique.马乔里由老谋深算的姑母抚养长大。姑母总算想方设法要让她嫁一个百万富翁。因此，当马乔里十七岁那年爱上了一个学医的穷学生时，姑母马上就安排将侄女带出国。虽说是九十年代了，但这仍不失为拆散爱侣的典型做法。

Unit12 1.There are swift flowing reivers,slow,sluggish rivers,mighty rivers with several mouths,rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium to the sea,clear,limpid rivers,rivers that at some seasons of the year have very much more water than at others,reivers that are made to generate vast quantities of electricity by their power,and rivers that carry great volumes of traffic.有的河水流湍急，有的河流速缓慢，有的大河出海口有好几处，有的河带着大量冲击土入海，有的河清澈见底，有的河的水量在一年中的某些季节较少，而在某些季节里却多得多，有的河可利用其动力大量发电，有的河承担着大量的交通运输。2.Is the claim of the G&C Merriam Company,propably the world’s greatest dictionary maker,that the preparation of the work cost $3.5 million,that it required the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years,working on the largest collection of citations ever assembled ini any language---is all this a fraud,a hoax?

G&C麦里姆公司大概是世界上最大的字典编纂者。它声称这项编纂工作耗资350万美元，300多名学者为此辛勤工作长达27年，对搜集到的语言中最大量的词语例证作了编辑加工。难道它声称的所有这些是为了欺骗和愚弄人民的吗？

3.All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.为了保证全体会员国拥有加入本组织后应获得的权益，所有会员国应一秉诚意，履行依照本宪章所承担之义务。

4.Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what it is in the public that is worth cherishing and preserving;until they know that, their patriotism will have no more content than a bright, loud afternoon parade.美国人如果想要成为真正的爱国之士，就必须努力探求他们之间的共同之处，努力探求在这个国度里值得珍惜和恪守不渝的究竟是什么。如果他们做不到这一点，那么他们的所谓爱国主义充其量只是一场自我炫耀的午后大旅行。

5.Computer language may range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by the particular computer,to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automatically acceptable to a wide range of computers.计算机语言有低级的也有高级的。前者比较详细，很接近于特定计算机直接能懂的语言；后者比较复杂，适应范围广，能为多种计算机所自动接收。

第四篇：第五部分 课程与教学的基本理论与实践答案

第五部分 课程与教学的基本理论与实践答案

（一）1.D

略

2.C

1918年，美国教育家博比特出版了《课程》一书，成为课程作为独立研究领域诞生的标志。3.A

略

4.D

从课程内容的组织方式来划分，可以将课程分为分科课程和综合课程。5.B

略 6.B

略 7.D

略 8.C

略 9.B

略 10.C

略 11.C

略 12.A

略 13.B

略

14.A

活动课程具有过程的实践性、内容的开发性、形式的多样性等几个特点，更多的是关注儿童的兴趣、需要及创造，以儿童为中心。15.C

略

16.B

小学的自然课包括天文、物理、化学、生物等学科知识，是一门综合课程。17.C

“六艺”“七艺”是最早的学科课程，或称分科课程。

18.D

隐性课程也称潜在课程、无形课程或隐蔽课程等。一般指学生在学习过程中，从具体学习环境中所获得的“计划外”的知识、观念、情感等，不是课程计划中所预期的东西。其显著特点是“自发的、个性化的”。19.B

略 20.C

略 21.A

略

22.A

课程目标有关某门教学科目或教学活动所要完成的任务的指标体系。23.D

略

24.D

课程编制的第一个层次是课程计划；课程编制的第二个层次是制定学科课程标准，即单科课程的总体设计 25.A

略 26.B

略 27.C

略 28.D

略

29.C

制定课程计划是编制课程总体规划的一部分，是课程编制的第一个层次。制定课程计划是课程编制中最重要的工作，也是课程编制的第一步。

30.D

顺序性和连续性有关，但又超越连续性，是指课程的“深度”范围之内的垂直组织规则，使学习的机会建立在前一个学习经验或者课程内容之上，但确实对同一课程要素作更深更广更复杂的处理。

31.B

螺旋式强调的是学生的认识逻辑或者说是学生认识发展过程的规律，即由简单到复杂、由低级向高级逐步深化的规律。32.B

纵向组织更多地强调只是自身的体系和深度。

33.C

心理顺序是按照学生心理发展的规律来组织课程内容。34.C

略 35.B

略

36.C

任何课程改革最终都要落实到学校，学校是课程改革的主阵地。37.C

略

38.A

泰勒原理中“有效地组织学习经验”中认为，在组织学习经验时，应遵守三个准则是连续性、顺序性和整合性。39.D

略

40.D

教学智慧是教师在面临比较复杂的教学情境时所表现出来的一种敏感、迅速、准确的判断能力，其特征包括情境性、复杂性、实践性、个性化和创新性。41.C

略

42.A

忠实取向认为，设计好的课程是不能改变的，课程实施的过程应该是忠实地执行课程计划的过程。持这种取向的教师在具体的课程实施过程中，显得呆板、僵化，缺乏创造性。43.D

小学阶段以综合课程为主；初中阶段设置分科与综合相结合的课程；高中以分科课程为主。

44.C

逻辑顺序与心理顺序是课程内容的三种组织方式中争论最激烈的一种，也是“传统教育”派与“现代教育”派的最大分歧所在。

45.B

随着课程改革的深入发展，确立了课程的三个文件课程计划、课程标准、教材书。46.D

略

47.A

CIPP模式是由美国著名教育评价专家斯塔弗尔比姆其同事于20世纪60年代末、70年代初系统确立起来的。该模式包括四个步骤：背景评价、输入评价、过程评价、结果评价。48.D

泰乐园里可概括为：目标、内容、方法、评价，即确定课程目标；根据目标选择课程内容；根据目标组织课程内容；根据目标评价课程。49.C

略 50.C

略

51.B

创生取向认为，设计好的课程并不是固定不变的，课程实施的过程也是课程的设计过程。这种课程实施取向对教师的要求较高，要求教师不仅是课程实施者，还是课程开发者。52.D

斯塔克于1967年提出了外观评价模式。外观评价模式包括三个重要的因素即前提条件、相互作用、结果。

53.A

课程资源包括教材以及学校、家庭和社会中所有有助于提高学生素质的各种资源。课程资源的核心和主要组成部分是教材。

54.B

课程反映一定社会的政治、经济的要求，受一定社会生产力和科学文化发展水平以及学生身心发展规律的制约。也就是说，社会、知识和儿童是制约学校课程的三大因素。55.C

我国义务教育教学计划的三个基本特征是强制性、普遍性、基础性。56.D

略 57.A

略

58.C

学科中心课程理论以学科的基本结构为中心来编订了学校课程的理论，它以结构主义哲学和心理学为基础。其代表人物是美国心理学家布鲁纳。

59.B

学生在新课程中，即是课程资源的消费者，又是课程资源的开发者。

60.C

教师是重要的课程资源，不仅影响着课程资源的开发和利用，是素材型课程资源的主要载体，而且还是课程实施的首要的基本条件资源。

61.B

教育改革涉及的内容很多，包括教育管理体制的改革、教学方法和理念的改革、教材改革等，但教育改革的核心是课程改革。62.A

教学的首要任务是是学生掌握系统的现代科学文化基础知识，并形成基本的技能和技巧。

63.D

备课就是教师根据学科课程标准的要求和本门课程的特点，结合起来学生的具体情况，选择最合适表达方式和顺序，以保证学生有效地学习。备课是上好课的前提和先决条件。64.A

在各种教育途径中，教学是学校教育的基本途径，学校教育目的的贯彻落实和各种教育任务的完成主要是通过教学途径实现的。65.C

略

66.A

教学过程是一种特殊的认识过程。一方面，教学过程具有人类一般认识过程的共同性；另一方面，教学过程具有的特殊性。

67.C

一般认为，教学过程中的主要矛盾是学生与其所学知识之间的矛盾，具体体现在教师提出的教学任务与学生完成这些人物的需要及世纪水平之间的矛盾。

68.B

上课是教师工作的中心环节，是教师教和学生学的最直接的体现，是提高教学质量的关键。69.C

略 70.D

略 71.B

略

72.C

系统性原则是指教学要根据所传授学科知识的内在逻辑结构以及学生能力发展、知识掌握的顺序，循序连贯地进行。它也称循序渐进原则。73.D

略 74.D

略 75.C

略

76.D

讲授法又被称为讲演法，是教师通过口头语言向学生向学生系统连贯的传授各种知识的教学方法。

77.A

谈话法亦称问答法，是教师根据学生已有的知识和经验，通过师生间的问答而使学生获取知识的一种方法。它是一种悠久历史的，行之有效的方法。78.C

略 79.C

略

80.B

读书指导法是教师指导学生通过阅读教科书和课外读物而获得知识、发展智力的方法。它即强调学生的“读”，又强调教师的指导。81.A

略 82.B

略 83.D

略 84.C

略 85.C

略

86.D

设计教学法是美国著名教育家克伯屈提出来的，克伯屈是杜威的学生，他继承杜威教育理论的精华，创设出以实用主义思想为指导的一种教学方法。87.D

略 88.B

略

89.A

相对评价，是指在团体内以自己所处的地位同他人相比较而进行的评价。其评价标准是设在团体之内的。

90.A

根据评价的标准可以将教学评价分为相对评价、绝对评价、个体内差评价；根据评价在教学活动中的作用可分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价。

91.C

发展性评价是新课程教育评价的趋势和基本要求，评价的主要目的是为了促进学生的发展，而不是进行甄别。92.C

教学评价的功能有诊断功能、反馈调节功能、区分和鉴别功能、激励功能、导向功能。

93.B

略

94.A

该教学模式源于赫尔巴特的四段教学法，根据行为心理学的原理设计，尤其受斯金纳操作性条件反射的训练心理学的影响，强调控制学习者的行为，以达到预定的目标。95.C

该教学模式是在教师的指导下自己独立进行学习的模式。该模式从人本主义出发，注意发挥学生的主体性，以培养学生的学习能力为目标。96.B

略 97.B

略 98.D

略 99.C

略 100.A 略

101.D 学生认知的客体包括直接经验和间接经验，但学生学习的主要是以教材为主，属于间接经验。

102.B 题目中强调的是要培养学生解决问题的能力。103.C 略

104.D 赫尔巴特是第一个将心理学与伦理学引入到教育学中，并将其作为教育学基础的人，他主张用心理学的统觉来说明教学过程。

105.D 新课程该科强调“一切为了学生、为了一切学生、为了学生的一切”，其核心理念就是为了每一个学生的发展。

106.C 新课程改革强调课程的均衡性、综合性和选择性特征。107.D 略

108.A 我国新一轮基础教育课程改革决定增设的课程综合实践活动课程。这是一门高度综合的课程，是本次课程改革的一个亮点。109.B 略

110.2001年6月8日教育部印发《基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）》标志我国基础教育新一轮课程改革正式启动，即第八次课程改革。111.C 本次基础教育课程改革中，在义务教育阶段，将10%—12%的课时量给予了地方课程和校本课程的开发与实施，从而形成了国家课程、地方课程和校本课程三级课程并行的层次结构。112.B 略

113.D 说教学程序是说课的重要部分。

114.D 研讨性说课是对说课内容进行专题研究、探讨的一种说课形式。这种说课形式是运用最经常，最主要的一种说课形式。115.B 略 116.D 略 117.D 略 118.A 略 119.B 略

120.D 基础性课程注重学生基础学力的培养，即培养学生作为一个公民所必需的以“三基”（读写算）为中心的基础教养，它是中小学课程的主要组成部分，是必修的、共同的课程。121.B 课程目标的依据主要有三个方面：对学生的研究，对社会的研究，对学科的研究。122.B 在我国，课程具体表现为教学计划、课程标准和教材，其中，课程标准一般由说明部分和本文部分构成。123.B 课堂教学是目前我国中小学教育教学的基本组织形式，是教师教育教育活动的基本阵地。课堂教学质量的高低在很大程度上决定了学校教育教学的水平，影响着学生的发展。124.C 略

125.C 我国实行“三级课程管理体系”，即国家课程（一级）、地方课程（二级）、和校本课程（三级）。126.D 略 127.B 略 128.B 略 129.D 略

130.D 课程目标的特点包括四点：时限性、预测性、可操作时、具体性。课程目标和特定的教育阶段相联系，体现了课程目标具有时限性。131.B 略 132.A 略 133.C 略

134.A 根据不同的标准，课程可以分为不同的类型。根据课程计划中课程实施的要求不同，课程可以分为必修课程和选修课程；根据课程的表现形式，可以分为显性课程与隐性课程；根据课程设计、开发和管理的主体不同，可分为国家课程、地方课程与校本课程；根据课程内容的组织方式，可分为分科课程与综合课程。

135.C 从课程制定者或管理层次角度，可分为国家课程、地方课程、学校课程。学校课程又称为校本课程，是学校在实施好国家课程和地方课程的前提下，自己开发的适合本校实际的、具有学校自身特点的课程。校本课程开发主体是教师。136.D 略

137.C 泰勒采用的关于教育目标的表述方法为二维图表式，将课程目标中的学习内容和学生的学习行为明确地对应起来，时的目标的陈述既说明了目标的内容方面，又说明了目标的行为方面。

（二）1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A

（三）1.D

2.C

3.C

4.C

5.C

6.A

7.A

8.A

9.C

10.B 11.D

12.C

13.B

14.C

15.C

16.A

17.B

18.C

19.C

20.D 21.D

22.A

23.B

24.A

25.A

26.A

27.A

28.D

29.A

30.C

（四）1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.D

第五篇：新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程4课后翻译原题与答案1-10单元

新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程4课后翻译原题与答案 Unit 1 1.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。

Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。

We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。

They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security.1.If you move into any place other than your own private home, make sure you know what the rules are about pets if you have one.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。

2.Some women could have made a good salary in job instead of staying at home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，挣一份不错的工资。但是为了家庭，她们放弃了工作。

3.How can you justify such rudeness? You will pay heavily for that because they have sued you for damaging their good name.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护? 你将会为此付出沉重的代价，因为他们已经以诋毁名誉的罪名起诉你了。

4.Criticism can be of great use;we may not like it at the time, but it can spur us on to greater things.批评有其重要作用；我们可能当时不喜欢它，但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情。

5.His uncompromising behavior, to which the public objected, left him bankrupt emotionally and financially.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对，这使得他陷入了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。6.Even if you fail, don't let failure harm you, don't let failure take over.Remember failure is a necessary step in learning;it is not the end of your learning, but the beginning.即使你失败了，也不要被失败伤害，更不要被失败左右。记住：失败是学习过程中必要的一步；它不是学习的结束，而是学习的开始。

Unit 2 1.要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学。

I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。

As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这故事听起来可信。

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评。

No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.1.If there had been no Charlie Chaplin, the history of world cinema would have been different.如果没有查理•卓别林，世界电影史就会不一样了。

2.It was a relief that his hard work eventually gave him the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.令人感到宽慰的是，他的努力最终给予了他长期渴望的结果──他成功地发现了这种疾病的原因。

3.Charlie Chaplin was one of the greatest and most widely loved movie stars.From The Tramp to Modern Times, he made many of the funniest and most popular films of his time.He was best known for his character, the youthful and lovable Little Tramp.查理•卓别林是最伟大、最广受热爱的电影明星之一。从《流浪汉》到《摩登时代》，他拍摄了许多他那个时代最有趣、最受欢迎的电影。他最出名的是他扮演的一个人物──年轻可爱的小流浪汉。

4.Chaplin was an immensely talented man: Within only two years of his first appearance in motion pictures in 1914, he became one of the best-known personalities in the nation.卓别林是一个才能非凡的人：自他1914年第一次在电影中出现，两年时间内他就成了这个国家最有名的人物之一。

5.Charlie Chaplin had an impact on everyone's life in the early 20th century.He made more people laugh than any other man who ever lived and changed the way people looked at the world.查理•卓别林对20世纪初期每个人的生活都产生了影响。与有史以来的任何人相比，他让更多的人欢笑，改变了人们看待这个世界的方式。

6.On Christmas Day in 1977 Charlie Chaplin passed away.He left behind family and friends saddened by his death, and millions of fans worldwide.1977年，查理•卓别林在圣诞节那天去世了，身后留下了悲伤的家人和朋友，以及全世界数

以百万计的影迷。

Unit 3 1.据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。

Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。

You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时。

Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.那位官员卷入了一场丑闻，数周后被迫辞职。

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.1.The man is reported to have said in private that “we are being made fools of by many of our clients, so we are entitled to have them bow to us as compensation.” 据报道这个男子曾在私下说：“许多救济对象在欺骗我们，因此，作为补偿，我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。”

2.After considering your background and experience, we regret to inform you that we don't have an appropriate job opportunity for you at current stage.我们考虑了你的背景与经历，很遗憾地告诉你，我们目前没有适合你的工作机会。

3.I failed to take my cue from Oscar.Instead, I talked back to the woman, who turned out to be our new manager.我没能按奥斯卡的暗示去做，相反，我反驳了那个妇女，结果她竟然是我们的新经理。4.There needs to be someone who can act as a champion for the rights of the poor because the system so easily lends itself to abuse.需要有人来充当穷人权利的捍卫者，因为这一体制太容易被滥用。

5.I called the police for help after my car broke down on the freeway.Twenty minutes later, they came to my rescue.我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后，我打电话向警察求助，20分钟后他们赶来帮我。6.He was passionate for art, but he went through tremendous pain—pain of poverty and misunderstanding.他热爱艺术，却经受了巨大的痛苦──贫穷与误解。

Unit 6 1.假设你发现了你自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢？

Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

2.他如此固执，我们已对他失望了。跟他争论一点意义都没有。

We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.他突然想到了一个加速实验进程的好办法，但组里的成员却对此意见不一。

He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.这个组由七个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息。

The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.1.Suppose you were offered a bribe in exchange for a promise, what would you do—receive it or stand by your principles?

假设有人向你行贿，要换取一种承诺，你会怎么做？是接受呢，还是坚持自己的原则?

2.Nowadays, people wouldn't put up with those terrible circumstances, but in those days it was accepted as a fact of life.现在人们不会忍受那些糟糕的境况，可是在那些日子里却只能接受那样的现实。

3.Cheating in various forms is on the increase in colleges and universities, and I have lost count of the number of students who were caught cheating this semester.大学校园里形形色色的作弊现象越来越多，我已不记得这学期有多少学生因作弊而被捉住了。

4.Mr.Aichi had to withdraw himself from the competition for the position of state governor when it was revealed that he had been on the take.当艾奇先生被披露曾受贿时，他不得不退出州长职位的竞争。

5.While originally he had been fully in support of the reform policies, later he began to attack the reform movement.虽然他原先完全支持改革政策，可后来却开始抨击这场改革运动了。

6.The professor definitely will not agree with the point that the translation amounted to little more than looking up words in dictionaries.这位教授肯定不会同意翻译基本是在词典里查生词的观点。

Unit 10

1.无论你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到个人经历的局限，因此要学会吸纳他 人有用的观点。(no matter...)No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the experience you have had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful perspectives of others.2.这个游戏非常有趣，他们谁也没有注意到时间的流逝。(Use inverted order of “so...that...”;take note of)So interesting was the game that none of them took note of the passage of time.3.我一直在整理这些旧文件，看看哪些有用，哪些需要扔掉。(sort through)I've been sorting through these old documents to see which are useful and which can be thrown away.4.随着年龄越来越大，你应该考虑未来的计划。(reflect on)As you get older you should reflect on future plans.5.他在演出中的亮相简直是个轰动。(nothing less than)His appearance in the show was nothing less than a sensation.6.他们每个月都从工资中留出一笔钱，用于孩子将来的教育。(set aside)Every month they set aside a particular amount of money from their salary for the sake of their kid's education in the future.1.No matter how promising your situation, or how creative you can be, hard work is always essential to your success.无论你的情况多么充满希望，无论你有多大的创造力，努力工作对你的成功 总是必需的。

2.So strong are his first impressions that sometimes they defy revision even when many other people think differently.他留下的最初印象如此之强烈，有时甚至当许多其他人不这么认为时，这些 印象也无法改变。

3.Our aim is nothing less than to make China the best trained and educated nation in Asia.我们的目的就是要使中国成为亚洲接受培训程度和教育程度最高的一个国家。

4.On international relations China would continue to develop relations with foreign countries in seeking a favorable international environment for its reform and to make contributions to world peace and development.在国际关系方面，中国将继续发展与外国的关系，寻求一个对自己改革有利的国 际环境，继续对世界和平和发展作出贡献。

5.I'll keep at it—whatever the challenges might be—and never give up until I achieve success.不管会面临什么挑战，我都会坚持，永不放弃，直到取得成功。

6.The latest research seems to imply that without the software of emotional maturity and self-knowledge, the hardware of academic training alone is worth less and less.最新的研究似乎表明，缺乏情感成熟和自我了解这一软件，纯学术培训这一硬件 越来越没有价值。