第一篇：雅思高分7分写作的288个词汇总结
雅思7分288个词汇总结
传授知识
impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.)knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观
instill(vt.)high moral values(注意values复数表示价值观)给学生以动力
give the students motivation to do sth.Motivate the students to do sth.给学生以灵感
stimulate the students’ thought
give the students inspiration 培养（某种素质）
cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.)促进学生身心的发展
promote the student’s physcial/mental/ intellectual and emotional development
心理健康
psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs)塑造某人的性格
mould(BrE,vt)one’s character 责任感
a sense of obligation 能力(先天获得)
aptitude/talant 能力（后天学习得到）
ability/skill
学生接受的学校教育（n）
schooling(n)
儿童接受的家庭教育（n）
upbringing(n)parenting(n)教学法
methodology/pedagogical methodology 用填鸭式教学来教育学生
force-feed(vt.)the students 学生不应该只是被动的接受简单知识的容器
Students should not be treated as passive recepacles of predigested ideas 死记硬背
learn things by rote
为了记忆而记忆
memorise(BrE)for memorisation’s own sake
以及方程式，公式，定理，定律
memorise(vt.)equations,formulas,theorems and laws(nouns)应用
apply
盲从
follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)
限制创造力的发展
extiguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性
dampen/sap(vts)the students’ emthusiasm/
frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力
beget/creat undue pressure
把学生分开教育（如根据课堂上的表现）segregate(vt.)students 来自于其他同学的压力
peer pressure
适应（v）
adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.适应能力
adaptability
逆境
adverse circumstances/adversity 团队精神
team spirit(n)
独立思考
thing independently(adv)
在理解的基础上学习
learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题
encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈
students’ feedback/input
学生评价老师的教学
students appraise/evaluate(vts)their teachers’ performance 学生对老师所教知识的掌握
students’ grasp/command(n)of what has been taught 4
学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为
curriculum(n)具体一门课叫
syllabus
课外活动叫
extra-curricular activities
学校是社会的缩影
a school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(n)
indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(n)不遵守纪律(daj)的学生
disruptive/unruly students 5
理论知识
theoretical knowledge
就业技能
employable/marketable skills 通才
generalist 专才
specialist
全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile(adj)
为社会健康发展作贡献
contribute to societal(adj)well-being(n)/welfare(n)6
大学学科的分类可以分为
人文学科（文学，历史 语言学等）humanities 社会学科（政治 经济学 社会学的）social sciences
EDUCATION 艺术（音乐 雕塑等）
arts
文科也可以总称为
liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科（物理
化学 生物学等）
sciences 工科（工程 自动化等）
engineering 大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫
discipline 基础科学
basic sciences 应用科学
applied sciences
小学教育
primary-level education 中学教育
secondary-level education 大学教育
tertiary-level education 职业教育
vocational education/training 青少年（复数）
youths/youngsters/adolescents 生物技术
biotechnology 克隆
cloning(n)clone(v)远程通讯
telecommunications(n)
尖端的技术
cutting-edge(adj)technology 信息爆炸
information exposion/overload 信息时代
the information age/era
互联网被广泛的应用
the proliferation(n)of the Internet 太空探索（n）
space exploration
一个人的基因构成 one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming 科技创新与发展
technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)提高效率
augment/enhance/boost(vts)efficiency 提高生产效率
augment/enhance/boots productivity
减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术）
labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器（计算机发明之后的技术）
labor-replacing machinery 自动化
automation(n)/ automated(adj)
彻底变革
transform/revolutionise(vts)/ fundamentally change sth.以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance/progress(vis)at an unprecedented(adj)rate 如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展，只要把unprecedented改成astonishing 如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展
sth is advancing by leaps and bounds 产生深远的影响
create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/far-reaching(adj)/prevasive(adj)
influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n)1 侵犯隐私
violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy 破坏某人的名誉
tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts)one’s reputation 狗仔队
paparazzi(复数名词 不再加s)新闻界
the press
印刷媒体（如报纸 杂志）the print media 报道新闻的机构
news outlets 电子媒体
the electronic media 名人
a celebrity/celebrities(plu)时事
current affairs 丑闻
scandals
无处不在 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)2
审查
censor(vt)
删除
delete/elimminate/excise(vts)
过多的暴力与色情内容
excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs)contents 报道非常详尽的细节
report sth.In graphic detail 媒体炒作（n）
media hype
有误导性的misleading/misreprsented/distorted(adjs)诈骗性的 fraudulent(adj)虚假的 false/bogus(adjs)
夸大事实
exaggerate(vt)things/sensationalise(vt)things/blow things out of all proportions(最后一个比较口语 用作文也可以)
充斥着
be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.Technology
Media 掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）
cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective(adjs)3
如实的报道
factual accounts(n)
可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 客观公正的 objective and balanced(adjs)
及时的up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj)前者比后者更加及时 信息量大的informative
娱乐性强的 entertaining(adj)有新闻价值的 newsworthy(adj)
监督
scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)揭露
expose/reveal(vts)
道德准则（n）
code of ethics/code of conduct 1
当局
authorities(n)
老百姓
citizens/the citizenry
规范，管理
regulate/administer/overse(vts)实施
implement(vt)
立法
legislate(vi)/make laws
民主与开放的政府
a democratic and progressive government 严禁(v)
strictly prohibit/ban altogether 严格的法律
stringent laws/legislation 规章制度
rules and regulations
为。。拨款
allocate monety to sth./subsidise(vt)/be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.预算
budget
税收
tax revenue(n)
政府在某方面的开支（n）
他和government spending/expenditure on sth.削减（v）
curtail(vt)增加
augment(vt)当务之急（n）
priority
把。。当成当务之急
give priority to sth.责任（n）
responsibility/obligation 人道主义救援
humanitrian(adj)aid(n)管理
administer/regulate 2 军备竞赛
arms race(n)自卫
self-defence(BrE,n)
国土安全
expansion/aggression(n)
谋求霸权
seek/pursue(vts)hegemony(n)恶性循环
a vicious circle(n)
地区不稳定因素
destablising factors 太空竞赛
space race(n)
武器
weapons/arms/armaments(n)
下岗工人
laid-off workers/downsized workers 失业（n）
unemployment/joblessness 3 基础设施
infrastructure 比如
公共交通系统
public transport system(BrE)电网
power grid
石油和天然气管道
pinelines
给排水系统
water supply and drainage system 1
一种可以通用的语言
a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language 英语被广泛使用
the proliferation(n)of English
英语的统治地位
the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English 方言
dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡
lesser-known language wll become extinct/obsolete(adjs)小语种的消亡（n）
the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages
Government
Language & Culture 2 文化遗产包括有形和无形的两种
有形的如历史遗址，无形的如风俗习惯 仪式 传统道德观念等
cultural hertiage can be divided into two groups:tangible cultural
hertiage,such as historic sites and intangible cultural hertiage,such as
customs,rites,rituals and mores, etc.保护
preserve(vt)
祖先
forefathers/ancestors
后代
descendants/posterity后面一个是不可数名词 3
少数民族
ethnic minorities
民族团结
the harmony(n)between ethnic groups/races 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis(n)互相影响
interaction
文化多元性
cultural diversity 丰富（v）
enrich(vt)
狭隘的观念
insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs)mentality
贬低（v）
deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts)the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit(vts)。。不是一成不变的sth.is not set/carved in stone 1
生活节奏加速
the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳
fatigue(n)抑郁症
depression
失眠
sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)
导致人与人之间疏远
create（vt）alienation(n)between people 过于功利的materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)追求最大限度利润
pursue(vt)maximum profit
交通堵塞
traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock最后一个是不可数名词 阻碍(v)
impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)
让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)
危害，破坏（v）
undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(BrE)都是vts
危害，破坏（n）harm/damage/destruction/devastation 恶化（v）
worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)
导致某种问题更加恶化
amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/ecacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt)a problem 缓解
ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)有特殊审美价值的老房子
old building of special aesthetic value（注意审美观的说法是aesthetic values复数）
有特殊历史意义的老房子
building of historic significance 居民
vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观
beautify(vt)the cities/better(vt)the cityscape 破旧的（房子）
decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)
拆除
tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building 高楼
high-rise buildings 摩天楼
skyscrapers 城市化
unbanisation(n)
城乡差距
the disparity(n)between the city and the countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural
搬迁
relocate(vi,vt)
在家上班（v）
telecommute(vi)休闲
leisure/recreation(n0
精神上的享受（n）
amusement and enjoyment(n)娱乐
entertainment/diversion
宽松的管理(n)laissez-faire management(n)运营成本（n）
operating costs/overhead cost 雇用（v）recruit(vt)
会导致效率降低的（adj）
counterproductive 劳动力资源
labour(BrE)pool
人口爆炸
population explosion(n)/population boom 控制人口
birth control/family planning
贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitude/indigent 富裕的affluent/wealthy/well-off
Development 爱慕虚荣的pretentious/ostentatious(adjs)缺少运动的生活方式
sedentary(adj)lifestyle 营养过剩
overnourishment(n)扶贫
poverty alleviation(n)
（国家或者地区的）文化特性
(national or regional)cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失)
global cultural homogenization(n)文化同一性（或叫文化均质性）
cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑
Globalisation is a two-edged sword 地球村
the global village
席卷一切的潮流
sweeping trends
有机结合东西方文化
synthesize the Asian and Western culture 侵蚀
erode(v)
普遍的 universal(adj)
两性平等
gender equality
性别歧视
sexism/gender discrimination
一个开明的社会
a progressive/enlightened society 2
被家务事拖累
be tied down by household chores 生育孩子
child bearing(n)抚养孩子
child rearing(n)母性的本能
maternal instinct
家务
housework/household chores 抚养子女的方式
parenting 代沟
generation gap/disparity 性格冲突
personality clashes
老年人
elderly people/senior citizens 青少年
adolescents/youngsters
家庭成员间的情感纽带
family bonds/family ties 归属感
a sense of belonging
对。。依恋（n）
an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth 贫穷的家庭
deprived family 富裕的家庭
affluent families 家庭的培养
upbringing 4
虐待
mistreat/abuse(vts)家庭暴力
domestic violence
毒品上瘾(n)
addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs)to drugs 单亲家庭
single-parent households
濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭
broken families/dysfunctional households 挽救
salvage(vt)1 旅游景点
tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest 开阔眼界
push back/expand one’s vision/horizons
游客与当地人的互动
tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流
promote cultural communication
吸引
draw/attract/appeal to(vts)/be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验(n)
first-hand experience
多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等）
multi-sensory(adj)相互了解
mutual understanding
把游客和当地人隔离
seclude/isolate(vts)the tourist from the locals 商业化
commercialise/commodity(vts)欺骗游客的手段
tourist traps 冲突
conflict(n,vi+with)争端(n)
discord/dissension
间接体验（如通过电视或互联网n）srcond-hand experience/vicarience experience 文化遗产
cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时
the Internet will not render tourism obsolete
Globalistaion
Women & Families
Tourism 1
生态系统
ecosystem/ecological system 某一地区所有植物的总称
the flora(n)某一地区所有动物的总称
the fauna(n)
某一地区所有生物的总称
the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna)of a region 生物多样性
biodiversity(n)
生态平衡
ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)2
可持续发展
sustainable development
环保主义者
environmentalist/conservationists 对环境无害的environmentally-frendly(adj)节约使用
conserve(vt)保护
preserve
再利用
reuse/recycle 3
肥沃的土壤
fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤
infertile soil
耕地（n）
arable land/farmland 增加农产品产量
boost crop yield
开采自然资源
exploit natural resources 4
短缺（n）
shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack 5
消耗（某种资源）
consume/deplete(vts)用尽（某种资源）
use up/exhaust(vts)
给资源造成很大压力
put a strain on the already stretched resources 破坏自然资源
wreak(vt)havoc(n)on natural resources 臭氧层
ozone layer
砍伐森林
deforestation(n)污染
pollute/contaminate(vts)有毒的 poisonous/toxic(adjs)污水
effluent/sewage 排放
discharge
温室效应
greenhouse effect/global warming 严重的severe/grave/grievous(adjs)
白色污染产生的垃圾
non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or
breakdown/inorganic trash
恶化
deteriorate/aggravate前者为自身恶化，后者为被恶化 6
可再生资源
renewable resources
不可再生资源
non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)
各国必须携手解决环境问题
countries on this planet must join forces/makes a concerted
effort/unite(vi)to combat/tackle/resolve/address(vts)environmental problems
谴责而不是纵容
condermn rather than condone(vts)sth 严厉的措施
harsh action/measures
增强公众关于。。的意识
raise/elevate the public awareness of sth 触犯法律
break/violate/flout/disobey the law 犯罪
commit a crime
罪行
offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts 罪犯
criminal/offender/culprit.perpetrator
从犯
accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人 受害者
victim(n)心理创伤
trauma(n)
曾横社会
resent society/hold a grudge against society 囚犯
inmate/convicts(n)牢房
cell
监禁(v)
imprison/incarcerate(vts)someone 教育罪犯
educate/edify(vts)criminals 宽容的 lenient(adj)
改造罪犯
reform/rehabilitate criminals
Environment
Crime 执法部门
law enforcement agencies
重罪
heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n)轻罪
petty crime/misdemeanour(BrE)初犯的人
first-time offender
惯犯
hardened criminals/repeat criminals
遏制猖獗的犯罪
curb/halt/check(vts)the rampant(adj)crimes 再次犯罪(v)
revert(vi)to crime 再次犯罪(n)
recidivism
守法的公民
law-abiding citizens
遵守法律
abide by/comply with the law 无视…(v)
disregard
给某人造成心理创伤
traumatise(vt)someone 抓捕
track dowm/hunt down/capture(vt)有预谋的犯罪
premeditated crime 犯罪倾向(n)
criminal tendency
动物实验
animal experiments 被绳之以法
be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义
animal rights activists 医学研究
medical research
残忍的cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)活体揭破
vivisection 麻醉
anaesthetic(BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦
alleviate/ease(vts)animals’ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴
pets are conpanions of their masters
给主人心理安慰
afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)偷猎
poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(单数去s)for sth 认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n)
anthropomorphism 濒危动物
endangered species
Animal
雅思写作常用高频词组累积收藏版
on account of… 因为…，由于…
on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 in any case无论如何，总之
in case of… 假使…，万一… in no case决不
in charge of… 负责…，主管… in common共用，共有，共同
on condition that在…条件下 on the contrary反之，正相反
in contrast with/to… 与…成对照 under control被控制住
at all costs不惜任何代价
at the cost of… 以…为代价
in the course of… 在…过程中，在…期间 in detail详细地
in difficulties处境困难 on earth究竟，到底
at all events无论如何 in any event无论如何
in effect实际上
with the exception of… 除…之外
in the face of… 面对…，不顾…
in favor of… 有利于…，赞成…，支持…
in general通常，大体上 in honor of… 为纪念…，向…表示敬意
at a loss困惑，不知所措 by all means无论如何，必定
by means of… 借助于…，用… by no means决不
in nature本质上 in particular特别地，尤其，详细地
in practice实际上
in proportion to… 与…成比例
for(the)purpose of… 为了… at any rate无论如何，至少
with/in regard to… 对于…，就…而论 with respect to… 关于…
as a result结果，因此 as a result of… 由于…的缘故
in the long run最终，从长远观点看 for the sake of… 为了…起见
in spite of… 不管…，不顾… in terms of… 依据…，按照…
in truth事实上，实际上，的确 have/gain access to…可以获得…
take...into account把…加以考虑 gain/have an advantage over…胜过…，优于…
take advantage of…利用…，趁…之机 make the best of…充分利用…，妥善处理…
take charge of…担任…，负责…
make a/the difference有影响，很重要
carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用 put into effect实行，生效
come/go into effect生效，实施 keep an eye on…留意…，照看…
bear/keep in mind记住
make up one’s mind下决心
keep/hold pace with… 跟上…，与…同步 take place发生，进行
take the place of… 代替… make sense讲得通，有意义
reply to…回答…，答复…
a great/good deal of大量(修饰不可数名词)
influence on影响
account for…说明…
allow for…考虑到… refer to…参考…，查阅…，涉及…，提到…
serve as…用做… take for把……认为是…，把……看成是…
think over仔细考虑 depend on…取决于…
devote to…奉献…，致力于… engage in…从事于…，忙着…
insist on…坚持…
look forward to…盼望…，期待…
have something to do with…和…有点关系 have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系
be fed up with…对…感到厌烦 take...as把…做为…
think of...as…把…看做是… be abundant in…富于…，富有…
be accustomed to习惯于
be aware of…意识到…
be based on…根据…，以…为基础 be characterized by…以…为特征
be concerned about…关心…，挂念… be determined to do something决心做…
be equal to…等于… be free from没有……的，不受……影响
be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称
be popular with…受……欢迎
be prepared for对……做好准备
be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于…
be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦
be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于…
get used to…习惯于… as a rule 通常,照例
as to… 至于…,关于…
at best 充其量,至多
as far as...be concerned 就...而言
beyond question 毫无疑问by
all means 尽一切办法,务必 every now and then 时而,偶尔
in itself 本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later 迟早,早晚
abide by… 遵守…,信守…
agree with与…相一致 同意…
be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见
by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论
disagree with… 与…意见不一致 不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见
comment on…评论…
adapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于…
on the contrary与之相反
convince somebody of something使某人确信某事
concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于…
be equipped with…装备有…
attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果 in essence本质上
to…extent在…程度上
in the light of… 按照…，根据…
第二篇：雅思写作替换词
1.建筑
建筑 architecture建筑, architectural style建筑风格, traditional传统的 modern现代的, postmodern后现代的 have aesthetic value有美学价值, energy-efficient 节能的 function功能 functional 功能型的，实用的 historic site 历史遗迹 cultural relics 文化遗迹 national identity 民族特征 skyscraper 摩天大楼 courtyard dwellings 四合院 well-structured 结构完好的 representation n.代表 crystallization结晶/civilization 文明 exterior appearance 外表 interior 内部的 eye sore 丑的东西 demolish, pull down 拆除 preserve保留, devastation破坏，2.环保:
environmental protection 环境保护 environmentally-friendly 环保的 preserve v.保护，保存 conserve 污染： Pollute= contaminate, pollutant Pollution=contamination 垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury(landfill), dump，recycle plastic bags, drinking cans biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的 disposable 可丢弃的 ~ product discourage v.不鼓励 燃料 non-renewable 不可再生的 fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源 alternative energy替代能源 replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电, solar(lunar)power太阳能, nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐 radioactivity n.辐射性 use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽 conserve v.节省，节约, consume less v.少消耗
危害动物: poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, protect wildlife保护野生动物, disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。。有灾难性的影响 危害植物: vegetation植被 deforestation森林消失, landslide山体滑坡, 危害环境: carbon dioxide二氧化碳, greenhouse gas emission destroy ozone layer acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖 ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴,(filter v.过滤)arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识
动物： vivisection 活体解剖 perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 1 animal rights 动物权益 cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的 inhumane 不仁道的 alternative methods替代方式，其他方式 torture 折磨 right to live 生命权 life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病 medical technique医疗技术 clinical research 临床研究 vaccine 疫苗 anatomy解剖
3.教育 学校:
nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学, secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 tertiary level
further education进修 教育: parenting, schooling, enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育selective，compulsory military service，minors 未成年人adolescence，teenager/teen，youth，youngster immature 不成熟的
学习的好处 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识, widen horizon开阔视野, inspire interest激发兴趣, stimulate interest激发兴趣, cultivate v.培养 hobbies develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础
学习上的问题: lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力, test-oriented education应试型教育，teacher-centred education student-centred education money-oriented
quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试, stuff 塞
materials memorise背, memorisation, rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧
坏处： discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught 学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。。产生负面影响 Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic performance.Creativity 创造性 Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。。的水平
工作: Full-time, part-time, casual job，white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, 收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,revenue
职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的 Steady稳定的 provide many opportunities for…提供各种。。的机会, give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感, apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中, put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分, improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力, well-fare福利 benefit future development将来的发展, 不好: demanding难做的, stressful有压力的, tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的, boring无聊的, routine work常规工作, repetitive重复性的, work overtime/extra hours加班 workaholic工作狂, repetitive strain injuries职业病, adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件, Personnel, human resources 人力资源
4.新闻,媒体 媒体: medium-media:
read newspapers watch TV programs surf the Internet see movies up-to-date information最新的信息, access v.n.接触 The internet enables people to have easy access to various information.记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）tabloid 读者群Readership 观众audience 报道：news coverage/TV coverage
好处: provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息, entertain us是我们得到娱乐, enable people to relax使人们得到放松, disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识, keep people well-informed使人信息灵通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends
坏处: information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸 Uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的 objectionable content不良信息 cyber crime网络犯罪(financial crime)
net cafe Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的 isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的 unsociable不善社交的 新闻审查制度: censorship filter objectionable content过滤不良内容, provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间 invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私, deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由, freedom of the press新闻自由 People are deprived of the freedom of speech.人们被剥夺了言论自由。
5.交通 Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail mobility移动性 pedestrian行人 traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化 traffic regulations/codes交通规则(obey遵守, violate违背), traffic congestions, traffic jams, heavy traffic拥挤的交通 light traffic比较畅通的交通, crowded street拥挤的道路 Cars dominate our roads.车辆占满了我们的道路。vehicle车辆
Drink-driving酒后驾车 careless driving talking on a phone
观点: adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略 traffic-calming measures减轻交通拥堵的措施 Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力 encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交 carpool拼车 build more cycle lanes 自行车道, encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘 raise the price of fuels 提高油价 impose higher tax 征收高额的税 Subsidise public transport 补贴公共交通 City council市政府 飞机： No other means of transport can be compared with airplanes for its convenience and speed.6.食品 健康 healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle久坐的, an active lifestyle积极锻炼的, excessive intake of…吃过多的。fast food快餐 convenience food方便食品 diabetes, diarrhea腹泻, respiratory disease, nutrition营养 balanced diet均衡的饮食 protein蛋白质, vitamin维生素, fibre纤维 mineral矿物质, high in...canned food
incurable disease绝症 depression抑郁症 obesity肥胖症-obese
overweight stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病 therapy（非药物）治疗 treatment 治疗 运动好处 Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stress aerobic exercises有氧运动 vigorous有活力的 energetic经历充沛的 refreshing提神的 refresh your mind and body 提神 train 4 your muscle肌肉 improve blood circulation血液循环 increase flexibility提高灵活性 drain 排出 cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力 develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神 conduce to physical fitness身体健康 jeopardize= damage 危害 pesticide，genetic modification，genetically-modified food
7.犯罪,社会问题
criminal(offender)罪犯 commit crime犯罪, commit suicide robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, drug dealer, heroin, marijuana, ecstasy, ADD/ADHD drug
social security社会治安stability稳定 capital punishment, death penalty死刑, sentence(v.)to death 判死刑 deter crimes威慑 right to life生存权，breadwinner经济支柱 rear a child养孩子 offense罪, offender罪犯, compulsory retirement 强制退休 nursery 托儿所 nursing house老人院 longer imprisonment 长期监禁
家庭问题/青少年问题 single-parent family单亲家庭, extended family大家庭, minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, sibling兄弟姊妹 Peer pressure 同辈人的压力 foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子, spoil溺爱, indulge放纵 run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途 juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症, bullying恃强凌弱 absenteeism缺席(truancy, play truant)父母应该： give proper parental guidance父母的引导 set example for children为孩子树立榜样 encourage 鼓励 help build up confidence 帮助建立信心 motivate 鼓舞 discipline their children约束孩子 well-bred有教养的 learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体 act properly 行为得体
8.科技
technology-dependent依赖科技的, breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技创新, innovative 创新的renovate v.up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏 reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活 improve life quality提高生活质量 convenience方便 efficiency效率 telecommunication电讯 assembly line流水线 give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间, The development of technology has made it possible for people to do 科技的发展使人们做。。成为可能 increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命 find cures for some diseases transplant organ 移植器官 two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑 mass destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器 chemical weapons化学武器 inspiration，inspire，promote space technology，heart pacemaker，freeze dried vegetables，microwave
9.全球化
cultural diversity文化多元化 cultural treasures文化宝藏 cross-cultural communication跨文化交流 cultural reconstruction文化重建 heritage遗产 achievements of art艺术成就 human civilization人类文明 mainstream culture主流文化 cultural traditions文化传统 national pride民族自豪 local customs and practices风土人情 national identity and value民族特性和价值观 venue场所 spread knowledge传播知识 nurture imagination培养想象力、be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系 cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失 remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解
语言： lesser-used languages 使用很少的语言 language acquisition 语言习得 linguistics 语言学 linguist 语言学家 on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘 universal language 世界语 intellectual development 智力发展 grammatical rules语法规则 context 上下文 technical terms 专业术语 read between lines读懂暗含的意思 解决游客过多的措施
There are various solutions to these problems.The first one is to limit tourist
numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage.Another solution is to enforce strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.For example, special paths can be built and people can be forbidden to walk off the paths.
第三篇：高 级 工 个 人 总 结
高 级 工 个 人 总 结
岁月如梭，***年即将过去，新的一年即将来临。回首这一年当中，在车间领导和同事的指导、关心和帮助下，使我学到了很多东西，让我在思想、学习和工作等方面上都取得了新的进步提高。现总结如下：
在专业技能上，一年中我作为****操作岗位上一名高级工，我始终严格要求自己，平时能主动学习，切实掌握化工操作知识，特别是溶剂回收岗位操作上的操作专业知识，甲醇甲缩醛塔工艺点的控制，通过学习和平时自己从工作中积累经验相结合，使自己的操作技能得到了很大的提升，配合班组做好提高甲醇甲缩醛回收率，降低消耗工作。09年本人利用车间每季度练兵考核这个机会，认真学习工厂各种文件制度，掌握本岗位最佳工艺控制指标，了解各类设备性能和相关保养知识，通过练兵提高了自身素质。在12月份中参加通过了压力容器复证培训考试。利用此机会使我掌握了许多知识，更新了特种设备知识，正确操作压力容器。
安全上09年工作中在提高自身操作技能水平的同时，时刻在工作中牢固树立“安全第一，预防为主”的思想，积极参加各种安全活动，学习安全知识和技能，积极参加班组的岗位开展反事故演练，来提高安全技术水平和应急能力，使自己在遇到同样突发事件时能解决处理事情。严格执行安全操作规程和各项安全生产法令.法规及公司安全管理标准，严守工作岗位，严格遵守工艺纪律和劳动纪律，按规定穿戴劳动防护用品，爱护和正确使用安全生产装置和防护器具，会
使用和保养岗位上的各种消防防护器材。做到班前讲安全，班中查安全。交班按交班责任制交班，不违章作业，拒绝违章指令。做到不伤害自己，不伤害别人，不被人伤害。
在工作态度上，摆正自己的位置，求真务实，认真做好本职工作，工作积极主动，勤奋努力，尽职尽责。清楚认识到现场就是市场，保证本岗位的现场卫生清洁。同时做好本岗位设备维护保养工作，严格按设备“五定”要求执行，做到“三懂四会”，认真执行巡回检查和交接班制度，严格按操作工艺规程进行操作。认真做好各类记录，能发现问题并协助班长解决问题。配合班长做好班组管理工作。做个合格的技术员工。
回顾过去，展望未来。新的一年，我需及时的调整心态，保持一颗平和向上的心。只有这样，才能持久的催促自己奋进前行。但我也认识到在这一年中自己的不足之处，对自己要求不高，解决事情发现问题的能力不够全面，专业知识操作技能需进一步提高。今后的工作中，我将改正自己的不足之处，认真克服缺点，发扬优点，刻苦学习、勤奋工作，让自己更出色，成为一名合格的高级工。
第四篇：雅思写作常见顺序词,词组
2)常见顺序词
有了主题句，接下来段落会按照一定的逻辑顺序逐一列举说明观点，顺序词就像是每个观点的路标，能够让考官更快地定位到关键内容，以下就是一些常见词语供考生参考：
首先 First，Firstly, In the first place, To begin with, First of all
其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore, What is more
最后 Finally, Above all, Lastly
也可以用一些句型来表示观点的次序：
The most significant point is…
Another point to be noted is…
We cannot ignore the fact that…
在写作时，可以将顺序词和句型混合搭配使用，以达到变化的目的。
3)常用词组
记忆一些高频出现的词组是组建句子的捷径，考生可以借助以下现成的词组更好更快地写出高质量的句子。
经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/steady growth of people’s living standard/living quality
先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
面临新的机遇和挑战 be confronted/faced with new opportunities and challenges
普遍认为it is commonly/universally believed/recognized/acknowledged that…
社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/draw public attention
不可否认 It is undeniable/undoubted that…/There is no denying/doubt that…
热烈的讨论/争论 a heated/fierce discussion/debate
有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus/agreement on…
有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
发挥着日益重要的作用 play/perform an increasingly important role in…
对…必不可少 be indispensable/essential/necessary to …
对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/negative effects on…
利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.导致，引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in
考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
从另一个角度 from another perspective
对…有益 be beneficial/conducive to…
为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
应当承认 admittedly/it is admitted that
满足需求 satisfy/meet the needs/demands of…
方便快捷灵活舒适 convenient, efficient, flexibility and comfort
在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
支持前/后种观点的人 people/those in favor of the former/latter opinion
有/提供如下理由/证据 have/provide the following reasons/evidence
在一定程度上 to some extent/degree/in some way
…的必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
交流思想/情感/信息 exchange ideas/emotions/ information
跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with/catch up with/keep abreast with the latest development of …
采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.有直接/间接/紧密关系 be directly/indirectly/closely(tightly)related to…
优先考虑/发展… give(top)priority to sth.与…比较 compared with…/in comparison with
代替 replace/substitute/take the place of
增进相互了解 enhance/promote mutual understanding
保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
第五篇：雅思写作
雅思写作范文
Many old building are protected by law because they are part of a nation's history.However，some people think knocked down to make way for new ones because people need houses and offices.How important is it to maintain old buildings？ Should history stand in the way of progress？Old buildings sometimes conflicts with social advancement.Appealing as it is in the eyes of business people，tearing down old architect to make room for real-estate development is not a wise idea in many ways.The primarily reason is that old buildings，like our native language，forms our cultural identity and keep a unique record the history of a country.From this aspect，old buildings are considered very valuable as one of the symbols of the culture of a nation.For instance，the traditional Chinese residence in Beijing，Siheyuan，are once seen as the remains of the Old World，and were destroyed by people shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China.Until recently did the people and policy makers as well realize that it is an inexcusable and stupid idea to commit such a terrible deed because old buildings，once gone，are not restorable.But their economic values and aesthetic appeals have just caught the attention of Chinese people.Moreover，old buildings，if planed and preserved properly，could coexist with modern real-estate development.In France，aged buildings bring millions of dollars of revenue for the government and amazed thousands of tourists.Yet no one thinks the high-rising office buildings and apartment buildings make the old architect a sore of the eye.By contrast，the new learn from the old，a fact that makes them more attractive.We admit that not all old buildings should be treated equally and some of them do need to be torn down for various reasons such as safety and new buildings.However，we should not be too blind to see their value too.If only the real and practical factors are being considered，the country will be sorry for its loss in years to come.As we have discussed，old buildings are part of a country's history and are valuable in many ways.We should plan well and be wise enough to see their value.But the same time，we should also do our best to find solutions to make the old and the new coexist in harmony.
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