工程造价毕业论文摘要(中英)

第一篇：工程造价毕业论文摘要(中英)

扬州职业大学毕业设计（论文）

中文摘要

摘要

清单计价模式在世界上有很广泛的运用，在我国也正在取代定额计价模式成为主流，中国的政策法规规定，凡使用国有资金投资的工程项目必须采用清单计价模式，其他情况下的工程项目具体是使用清单模式还是定额模式由建设单位自行决定。保留定额计价是考虑到我国实际情况而作出的一种过渡性安排。

本毕业设计通过西部小街运河家园15#楼的工程为实例，进行了工程计量计价。使用未来清单编制软件、Excel、天正建筑等软件，结合学习的知识及中国现阶段的计价模式，通过定额与清单模式的编制、成果对比，熟悉了招标控制价、投标报价的编制过程，深化了对造价工作的认识与运用。

关键词：清单计价，定额计价，招标，投标，成本管理扬州职业大学毕业设计（论文）

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

Bill valuation mode is used very widely in the world, in China is also being replaced by the tradition mode of rating valuation to become the popularity, according to China's policies and regulations, investment and the use of state capital projects must adopt the mode of valuation with bill, other project case specific is the use of list mode or quota mode is decided by the construction unit itself.Reserved quota valuation is a transitional arrangement in consideration of China's actual situation and make.The graduation design through the Western Street Canal homes 15# building project as an example, the engineering valuation.The use of future listed software, Excel, TarchCAD building software, combined with the pricing mode of learning knowledge and the present stage of China, by contrast, quota and compiled list mode results, familiar with the process for the preparation of tender control price, bidding, deepen the understanding and application of the cost of work.Keywords：bill valuation, quota valuation, invitation for bid, bidding, Cost management

第二篇：毕业论文摘要(中英双语)

摘要

企业发展战略就是企业为寻求和维持持久竞争优势而作出的有关全局的筹划和谋略，企业要在激烈的市场竟争中适应环境的变化，准确、有效地把握在环境变化中不断涌现的机遇和

商机，并不断得到发展壮大，必须有明晰的企业发展战略。2010年，在经济刺激计划和宽松货币政策的支撑下，世界经济复苏势头较为强劲。进入2011年以来，世界经济短期向好，但是面临多方面复杂因素：地震和海啸致使日本经济陷入负增长，中东北非局势动荡不安，欧洲主权债务危机愈演愈烈，美国国债危机导致主权信用等级下调，大宗商品价格上涨引发新兴经济体通胀压力增大。这为世界经济增长带来新的不确定性，加上各国经济刺激计划基本结束，世界经济、贸易和工业生产难以保持2010年的反弹性增长，增速明显放缓。在全球经济日益一体化发展的今天，中国做为全球最大的 新兴经济体，不可避免地将受到严重影响，人民币不断升值、大宗原材料价格快速上涨、技术工人短缺及汽车行业发展放缓，致使企业竞争加剧，利润空间下滑，企业面临着严竣的外部环境。在新经济形势下求生存，在激烈竞争下求发展，在发展战略角度下寻求企业更大的发展空间，成为急切的研究课题。

本文从企业战略管理的基本理论出发，应用企业战略管理的分析模型和方法，结合及汽车散热器制造业的行业特点，对法拉达公司在新经济形势下的企业发展战略进行研究，从而确定适合公司发展的发展战略及实施发展战略的措施，为公司的下一步发展指明了明确的方向。关键词：法拉达公司；汽车散热器制造业；发展战略

Abstract: The Plans and strategies that an enterprise made for seeking and maintaining long-term competitive edge are the enterprise development strategy.A business enterprise must have a clear development strategy if he wants to adapt to environmental changes, to accurately and effectively seize the opportunity with it and make constant development and progress in the intense market competition.In 2010, the world economy recovered more robustly in support of the Stimulus Package and Quantitative Easing Policy.Since 2011, the world economy continued to improve in short term, but faced complex factors in many ways: the earthquake and tsunami plunged Japanese economy into negative growth, the turbulence in Middle East and North Africa, the increasingly fiercely sovereign-debt crisis in Europe, debt crisis in the U.S led it's sovereign credit rating to be lowered, bulk commodity price rise triggered Emerging Economies being under pressure.All these brought fresh uncertainty to world economic growth.In addition, the stimulus package of countries has basically come to an end, the world economy, trade and industrial production have difficulties to maintain rebound growth 2010 level and slow down obviously.Facing the economic globalization, China, as the world's largest Emerging Economies, inevitably will be put under bad influence of the appreciation of Chinese Yuan, the rapid rising of raw material price, the shortage of skilled workers, the slowdown of motor industry, the stinging competition among enterprises, the decreasing of profit and the severe external environment.It has become an urgent research subject for the company to survive in the Emerging Economies, to develop in fierce competition, to seek more room for development form the view of development strategy.In this thesis, starting from the basic theory of Strategic Management, applying the analytical mode and method of it and combining the the characteristics of car radiator manufacturing, we conducts a study of the development strategy of Faret Company under situation of Emerging Economies, so as to identify a suitable development strategy and corresponding implementation measures, to direct a more clear way for company's further development.Key words: Faret Company;Car Radiator Manufacturing;Development Strategy

第三篇：本科生毕业论文中英摘要对照6

对黄石市枫杨庄乐氏宗祠古建筑群的保护与改造浅析

教学院：艺术学院学生姓名：李旦

专业班级：艺术设计（环境艺术设计方向）2012（1）班指导教师：邹定家讲师 题目也是百度翻译

摘要：在中国，由于建筑材料的原因，许多古建筑并不能留存很长时间，当下许多古村落的老房子面临无人维护被废弃的问题。古建筑具有独特的价值，被称为人与自然共同的作品，是村落文化的主要物质载体。文章就如何解决古村落建筑废弃问题，以黄石枫杨庄为例,通过实地考察，分析古村落保护与更新上所存在的问题，提出保护与改造的可行性措施。力求在保留原有的建筑风格基础上，以人为本，结合当地特性，解决枫杨庄的整体环境质量问题，恢复建筑的生命力，延续村落的文脉，找回村落的历史文化记忆。

关键词：黄石枫杨庄；古建筑；保护；改造

Analysis of the protection and renovation of Ancient buildings in Huangshi-A case study of Family le’s clan hall in Feng Yang Zhuang

Abstract：In China, due to the cause of building materials, many ancient buildings and are not retained for a long time, many ancient villages faced no one to maintain the problem of abandoned old houses.Ancient architecture has a unique value, known as the works of man and nature, is the main carrier of the village culture.Article on how to solve the ancient village buildings abandoned to Huangshi Feng Yang Zhuang as the object of study, survey and analysis of status quo and study on the conservation of ancient settlements and update on the problems and feasibility of the proposed protection and improvement measures.Strive to retain their architectural styles based on people-oriented, combined with local characteristics, overall environmental quality issues solving Feng Yang Zhuang, restoring the vitality of architecture, continue the village context, find historical and cultural memory of the village.Key words：Huangshi Fengyangzhuang;Ancient architecture;Protect；Transformation 摘要全文百度翻译

第四篇：本科生毕业论文中英摘要对照7

浅析信息可视化在APP界面设计中的应用

教 学 院：艺术学院

学生

摘要：信息可视化是把传统抽象的信息以直观的方式传达，让用户能够简洁清晰的理解大量的信息，可以集中的对信息进行针对性的了解。本文主要从生活类APP的界面设计中分析信息可视化的应用，以APP“Clue”为例从图标和界面的数据可视化和信息图形化来分析。通过对案例APP的分析，为能够熟练的应用在毕业设计（湖北理工大学校园社交APP——LILI）中奠定了坚实的理论基础。

关键词：信息可视化；生活类APP；信息图形化；数据可视化

The Analysis of information Visualization Applied

in APP interface Design

Abstract：Information visualization refers to an easy and intuitive way to convey traditional abstract information, thus users can clearly understand large amounts of information and interpreting gathered information in a specific way.This paper made a critical analysis on information visualization on basis of interface design of social APP.The paper took the APP “Clue” as an example, made analysis on data visualization and graphic visualization of Clue's icon and interface.The author laid the sound theory foundation for efficient application in graduation project(LILI, a campus social APP of Hubei Polytechnic University)through analysis of APP in this case.Key words：Information visualization;social APP;graphic visualization;data visualization

第五篇：本科生毕业论文中英摘要对照1

读谱在钢琴学习中的重要性

教 学 院：艺术学院

学生

摘要：读谱是钢琴学习中的一项基本技能，有些人觉得读谱非常简单，其实对于钢琴学习者是一个非常复杂的工作。读谱不仅是认识音符，而且要注意到乐谱上所有的标记。钢琴弹奏者正是根据这些标记进行正确的弹奏，并更深层次的理解音乐作品。在钢琴学习的过程中，养成正确的读谱习惯是至关重要的。良好的读谱习惯可以提高钢琴学习的效率，减少钢琴学习中出现错音、错节奏等问题。这就需要全面解读乐谱中传递的信息，同时也要重视起乐谱背后的内涵，只有这样才能完整的弹奏出钢琴作品所表达的内容。弹奏者应加强对读谱能力的培养，这样不仅可以大大提高弹奏的效率，同时也能提高处理钢琴作品的能力。

关键词：读谱；弹奏方法；谱面信息；曲式结构

The importance of reading spectrum in piano learning

Abstract：Music reading is a basic ability in piano learning, it seems simple whereas the piano learning is an important and complex work.It is not only learn notes, but also pay attention to all the marker of music.The piano player is to play and understand the meaning of the music work according to these marks.During the course of piano learning, it is important for learners to develop the correct reading habits.Good reading habits can improve the efficiency of piano learning and reduce piano learning or wrong tone, wrong rhythm etc.This requires a comprehensive interpretation of the music information transmission, but also pay attention to the implies of the music, the only way to fully play the piano works by the expression of the content.The players should strengthen the training of reading scores, which not only can greatly improve the efficiency of the play but also can improve the processing ability of piano works.Key words：Reading spectrum;playing method;spectrum information;formal structure.