专题2.1+Tales+of+the+unexplained(知识对点检测)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料[5篇范例]

第一篇：专题2.1+Tales+of+the+unexplained(知识对点检测)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块二 Unit 1

知识对点检测

一、单项填空

1.The idea of traveling abroad really appeals to a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year _______ more people applying for passports.A.promise 【答案】C 【解析】句意：出国游的想法确实吸引了很多中国人，这就是为什么每年都会有很多人申请护照了。

promise预示；expect期待；witnesses见证；instruct指导。故选C。

2.As its economy is maturing, China’s _______ a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.A.defining 【答案】B

B.assuming

C.guaranteeing

D.assuring

B.expect

C.witnesses

D.instruct

3.If any of these symptoms _______ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.A.knocks 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在服药期间如果出现任何这样的症状，就立即去咨询医生。occur“发生”为不及物动词，符合句意。knocks敲，击，打，(心)怦怦跳；把„„撞击成(某种状态)；reach到达，够到；apply应用，运用；申请。

4.The mayor _______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.A.rewarded 【答案】B 【解析】句意：因为他在援救地震受害者中的英雄事迹，市长授予那位警官一枚荣誉奖章。award意为“奖励”，符合题意。reward奖励，一般指报答某人；credit相信；prize奖品，奖赏，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖品。

5.Almost all the buildings nearby were pulled down by the _______ of the explosion in a gas station.A.force

B.strength

C.energy

D.power

B.awarded

C.credited

D.prized

B.occurs

C.reaches

D.applies 【答案】A 【解析】句意：附近的房屋几乎都被一家加油站爆炸的力量给震倒了。force 此处指“作用力，逼迫力”，符合句意。strength 指人体的“力量，力气”；energy“能量，能源，活力”；power“能力，权力”。

6.To my joy, I have _______ my parents to allow me to travel abroad alone in the coming summer holidays.A.convinced B.reminded 【答案】A 【解析】句意：让我开心的是，我已经说服我的父母同意我在即将到来的暑假里一个人出国旅游了。convince使确信，说服；remind提醒；arrange安排；require需要，要求。convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事，这里指说服父母。

7.A New York couple have been killed in a car crash on their way to hospital，but the unborn baby _______ the accident.A.experienced 【答案】B

B.survived

C.escaped

D.fled

C.arranged D.required

8.They’re expecting contributions from the charity dinner to _______ thousands.A.look into 【答案】C 【解析】look into调查；break into破门而入；run into撞上；slip into不知不觉中陷入。句意：他们预期在慈善晚宴上的筹得的捐款数额将达到数千元。

9.Soubry, UK’s former business minister indicated that it was time for women to _______ to “clear up the mess

created by the men”.A.break up 【答案】C 【解析】step up加紧，加强，促进，加快，走上前台句意：索布里指出，是时候让女性们走到台前，收拾这些男性们制造出来的混乱了。

10.Do you know why John didn’t _______ at the party yesterday evening?

A.show off 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你知道昨晚约翰为什么没有来参加聚会吗？show up在此表示“出现，露面”。show off

B.show around

C.show up

D.show in

B.step back

C.step up

D.fold up

B.break into

C.run into

D.slip into 炫耀；show sb.around带领某人参观„„；show in领进来。

11.—How do you think I can _______ with Tom? —Put aside where you disagree and try to find what you have in common.A.keep up 【答案】C 【解析】make up和解。句意：“你认为我怎么才能和汤姆和解呢？”“搁置争议，求同存异。” 12.The boy, though afraid of being blamed, _______ courage and asked Mrs.Brook how come she thought his behavior unacceptable.A.kept up up 【答案】B 【解析】pick up恢复„„的精神，振作(精神)，鼓起(勇气)，捡起，获得，收拾，不费力地学会；keep up保持，继续，不低落，不落后；step up加紧，加快，增加；turn up出现，发生，开大，发现，卷起，使仰卧。句意：尽管担心被责备，这个男孩还是鼓起勇气问布莱克夫人为什么她认为他的行为不能接受。

13.In order to find the witness _______ the murder, the police visited a great many citizens.A.on 【答案】C 【解析】the witness to是„„的目击证人。句意：为了找到这起谋杀案的目击证人，警察走访了很多市民。

14.Their _______ that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.A.multiplication 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。multiplication乘法，增加；emotion情感，情绪；assumption想当然(认为)，假定；session一段时间。句意：他们想当然认为他们正在进行的课题是崭新的，事实证明不是那样。

15.It suddenly occurred to him _______ he had left his keys in the office.A.whether 【答案】D

B.where

C.which

D.that

B.emotion

C.assumption

D.emission

B.of

C.to

D.for

B.picked up

C.stepped up

D.turned

B.take up

C.make up

D.catch up

16.He was given $8000 as a(an)_______ for his brave performance in saving the child’s life.A.attitude 【答案】D

B.altitude

C.award

D.reward 【解析】attitude态度，看法；altitude高度，海拔高度；award奖，奖金，奖学金，往往与一段时间的突出成绩、表现相联系。reward报酬，奖赏，赏金，酬金，奖金等，一般与劳动、服务、支持、帮助等相联系。句意：因为他在拯救那个孩子的生命过程中的勇敢表现，他得到了8,000美元的奖金。

17.In order to cooperate better with them, we must _______ our ties with them.A.provide 【答案】B 【解析】strengthen加强。句意：为了跟他们更好的合作，我们必须加强与他们的关系。

18.The acting is so _______ that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals that he has ever tasted.A.enthusiastic B.convinced 【答案】C 【解析】句意：表演如此让人信服，它让你相信这是他所吃到的最好饭菜。enthusiastic热情的，convinced(人的心理感受)确信的；深信的；convincing(事物所具有的特征)使人信服的，D.optimistic乐观的。根据翻译故选C。

19.When Chinese people come to the United States, they fight for _______ first, and then desperately make money after they are recognized by others.A.survival 【答案】A 【解析】survival生存；remainder剩余物；existence存在；material物质。句意：中国人去美国首先就是要解决自己的生存问题，然后得到别人的认可后就拼命赚钱。

20.The photographer needs to charge up the digital camera every day as the battery _______ quickly.A.shuts up 【答案】C

【解析】句意：这位摄影师每天都需要给数码相机充电，因为电池很快就用完了。run out“用完，用尽”。

21.In time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep _______ with the rapid changes of society.A.touch

【答案】B 【解析】keep in touch with 和„„保持联系；keep pace with跟上；keep step with与„„步调一致，尤指一起行走；D项不与keep搭配。句意：在社会改革的时候，人们的心态容易跟上社会的快速变化。

B.pace

C.step

D.progress

B.ends up

C.runs out

D.turns out

B.remainder C.existence

D.material

C.convincing D.optimistic

B.strengthen

C.fix

D.negotiate 22.Mothers who like to _______ their children are always talking about the progress their kids have made.A.take off 【答案】D

B.turn off

C.cut off

D.show off

23.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to _______ the drawbacks of Westerners’ philosophy.A.make use of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：一些社会学家建议，西方人应该充分利用中国古代的智慧，来弥补西方哲学的不足。make up for弥补，符合题意。make use of利用；make out辨认出；make sense有道理，讲得通。

24.There were so many people in the hall then that I could hardly _______ my sister.A.bring out 【答案】C 【解析】bring out使„„显露；turn out结果是；pick out辨认；call out大声叫喊。句意：当时大厅里有那么多的人，我几乎分辩不出谁是我的妹妹了。

25.I am glad to find that on top of the mountain _______ from the time of the Roman Empire.A.lies ancient ruins

B.lie ancient ruins D.do ancient ruins lie

B.turn out

C.pick out

D.call out

B.make up for

C.make out

D.make sense C.does ancient ruins lie 【答案】B 【解析】地点状语“on top of the mountain”放在句首，句子要完全倒装。句意：我很高兴在山顶上发现了罗马帝国时期的古代遗迹。

26.We express the hope that a climate beneficial to a negotiated settlement would be created soon, _______ there may no longer be the need for the armed struggle.A.in case 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们表达了希望创造一种有利于通过谈判来解决问题的氛围的愿望，这样我们就不再需要进行武装斗争了。in case以防，万一；even though即使；so that以便(引导结果状语从句)；as long as只要。

27._______ it is true that a student’s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it does not need to be the only goal.A.【答案】A While

B.Whether

C.As

D.Before

B.even though

C.so that

D.as long as 28.He is said _______ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.to have been badly treated C.being badly treated 【答案】A 【解析】句意：据说昨天他在超市购物时服务员对他的态度不好。这里是固定句式it is said to do，根据语境这里说的是昨天的事情，是在事情发生后人们又说的，故用不定式的完成式，又因为主语he与treat之间是被动关系，故选A。

29.—I ordered Pizza for dinner.It should be here any minute now.—Pizza again? We _______ Pizza every night for a week now!A.had 【答案】C

【解析】句意：“我订了比萨当晚饭。它应该随时都会到的。”“又是比萨？我们已经连续一个星期晚上都在吃比萨了！”结合时间状语every night for a week可知，是从过去一直持续到现在并且还没有停止，故本题的时态为现在完成进行时。

30.I _______ my close friend three times today but her line was always busy.A.have phoned 【答案】A 【解析】表示做某事做过几次应该和完成时态连用，可知此处用现在完成时。故选A。句意：我今天给我的好朋友打了三次电话，但是一直占线。

31.—Will you regret your final decision to work in a rural community? —No, I _______ it over.A.had thought 【答案】C 【解析】根据下文说“不后悔”说明“我”是经过深思熟虑过的，强调对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。句意：“对你的去农村社区工作的最后决定你会后悔吗？”“不后悔。这个决定我已经仔细考虑过。”

32.—I have got a headache.—No wonder.You _______ in front of the computer too long.A.work

B.are working

C.worked

D.have been working

B.have been thinking C.have thought

D.would think

B.had phoned

C.was phoning

D.have been phoning B.were having

C.have been having D.will be having

B.treating badly D.to be treated badly 【答案】D 【解析】现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。根据所提供的情景“I have got a headache.”可判断出，由于在电脑前连续工作而造成了头痛，故选C项。句意：“我头疼。”“不足为奇。你在电脑前连续工作的时间太长啦！”。33.—Shall Tom go and play football? —Not unless he _______ his homework.A.has finished 【答案】A 【解祈】在unless引导的条件状语从句中，用现在完成时替代将来完成时。句意：“汤姆可以去踢足球吗？”“除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。”

34.People _______ financial aid since they lost their homes, jobs and businesses to the storm last month.A.have been receiving B.are receiving 【答案】A

C.had received

D.received

B.finished

C.is to finish

D.would finish 35.—Look!How long ______like this? —Three weeks!It’s not unusual here that the rain _______ without stopping these days of the year.A.has it been raining;pours C.is it raining;is pouring 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“看啊！雨这样下了多久了？”“三周了。在此地每年这个季节雨一直下个不停是很寻常的事。”根据语境可知，空一用现在完成进行时表示过去开始的动作持续至今还会进行下去；空二用一般现在时表示客观情况。

二、完形填空

I met my true fate as I lay on a soccer field, holding on desperately to my consciousness.Finally, I 1 and came into a world of darkness, leaving people struggling to help an 2 girl who, just hours ago, had been in perfect 3.B.has it rained;poured

D.does it rain;pours Later I spent most of my time in bed.No doctors knew what was wrong with me.Most of my friends had become 4.Every day became more and more frustrating.Eventually I returned to school on a part-time 5.Instead of getting the 6 I expected, I received dirty 7 and harsh rumors about how it was “all in my head.”

my dreams of being a soccer player was ruined, I joined the drum band instead.I held the belief that things would get better.9 , I lost consciousness at nearly every band practice and people were constantly 10 always having to take care of me.Some people even tried to get me 11 off the drum band.Thus, I continued to be bullied and labeled me as an “attention-seeker.”

As I struggled through my health problems and 12 , I continued to keep promising myself that things would get better, and eventually they did.I made friends with a few members of the drum band, who 13 by my side and knew how desperately I needed somewhere to 14.Unfortunately, my health 15 worse.My doctor decided to send me to the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota in 16 that the doctors there would be able to solve the 17 that had puzzled every other doctor I’d seen.The Mayo doctors diagnosed me with a problem called POTS.They were certain that the unconsciousness that I’d been 18 was not “in my head”.I am extremely happy to have kept promising myself that things would get better.19 it hadn’t been for others’ help and my 20 , I’d still be wondering if my problem really was “in my head.” And, most importantly, I’ve learned to never lose hope because I believe that the only disability in life is a bad attitude.语篇解读：本文讲诉了作者患了一种经常会突然间失去知觉，昏倒在地的病(后来确诊为“POTS体位性心动过速综合征”)。她的大多数朋友都觉得她的病是“大脑问题”。可是作者，面对逆境，心里总是怀着希望

(held the belief that things would get better)，最终度过了难关。文章告诉我们：生命中仅有的残疾就是残疾的

生活态度。坚信美好，才会美好！1.A.stayed up 【答案】B B.let go

C.gave away D.showed up 【解析】let go意思是“松手；放弃”与上文中的“hold on(坚持)”的意义相反。作者holding on desperately to my consciousness.Finally,还是放弃了，昏倒在地。

2.A.independent 【答案】D 【解析】根据上文“Finally, I let go and came into a world of darkness,”可以推断这里是：unconscious“失去知觉的”。

3.A.order 【答案】B

B.health

C.terror

D.danger

B.frightened

C.puzzled D.unconscious 4.A.annoyed 【答案】D B.convinced C.enthusiastic D.distant 【解析】distant“疏远的，冷漠的，冷淡的”。根据上文“Later I spent most of my time in bed(绝大部分时间都躺在床上)”和下文“Every day became more and more frustrating(每一天的日子都越来越让人沮丧)”可知答案。

5.A.move 【答案】C 【解析】basis“基准；方式”和on搭配，on a part-time basis。最后，我回到了学校，不过是以兼读的形式。

6.A.award 【答案】D 【解析】sympathy“同情”，根据下一句可知，作者想获得“同情”，但是，得到的只有白眼和尖刻的谣言。

7.A.eyes 【答案】D 【解析】dirty looks“白眼，充满敌意”，通过后半句and harsh rumor(尖刻的谣言)的并列关系可知答案。

8.A.Unless 【答案】C 【解析】上下文存在逻辑上的因果关系，since意为“因为，既然”。因为当足球运动员的梦想已经破裂，所以才加入了鼓乐队。

9.A.Altogether 【答案】B B.Nevertheless

C.Otherwise

D.Therefore

B.While

C.Since

D.Before B.work

C.joke

D.looks

B.reward

C.strength

D.sympathy B.respect

C.basis

D.regard 【解析】上下文存在逻辑上的让步关系。尽管“我”坚信身体能够好起来，“然而”，“我”还总是昏倒。所以答案是“nevertheless(然而，不过)”。

10.A.insisting on concentrating on 【答案】C 【解析】complaining about本段依然在讲作者遇到的困难。根据上下文，可以判断，本句意思“因为每一次训练我都会晕倒，所以人们不断抱怨总是要照顾我。”

11.A.kicked 【答案】A 【解析】根据本句中的“even甚至”可以判断“甚至有些人试图把我撵出乐队。”kick off踢出，撵出。12.A.loneliness 【答案】A 【解析】loneliness和problem是并列关系。根据上下文可知，作者是在身理疾病和心理孤独之中挣扎。13.A.looked 【答案】D 【解析】stick by one’s side是固定搭配“站在某人一边，支持某人，帮助某人”。上文说“我在鼓乐队交了几个朋友”，所以是他们帮助了我。

14.A.follow 【答案】C

B.rest

C.belong

D.recover

B.waited

C.wandered D.stuck

B.confusion C.shame

D.sickness B.scared

C.seized

D.discouraged

B.worrying about

C.complaining about D.15.A.came 【答案】B

B.went

C.fell

D.stayed 【解析】went是系动词，往往和贬义词连用。Unfortunately, my health went worse不幸的是，我的健康状况愈发糟糕。

16.A.purposes 【答案】B 【解析】in hopes that意思是“希望”。17.A.case 【答案】A 【解析】根据上下文可知，“case”在这儿指的是“病例”。我的医生决定送我去明尼苏达的梅奥医院，希望那儿的医生能够解开困扰着为我看病的每一位医生的病情。B.deal

C.wonder

D.mystery

B.hopes

C.wishes

D.needs 18.A.looking into 【答案】D

B.pushing for C.surviving from D.suffering from 【解析】suffering from“受折磨”，根据文章意思，可知作者一直“受失去知觉的折磨”。梅奥医院医生诊断我患了一种名叫“POTS(体位性心动过速综合征)”的病。他们肯定地说我一直受其折磨失去知觉的病情不是出在大脑内部。

19.A.When 【答案】C 【解析】该句是虚拟语气，用if引导虚拟条件句。20.A.coincidence

B.perseverance 【答案】B

C.possibility

D.consciousness B.Assuming

C.If

D.Providing

第二篇：专题6-2+What+is+happiness+to+you(重点知识突破)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料(教案)

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块六 Unit 2 重点知识突破

一、重点词汇词汇-1.adapt 【原句呈现】And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life? 【考点聚焦】

▲adapt to 意义的识别； ▲其名词意义的识别。【考题研读】

①The entire organization has to be ready to _______ all of these changes at a moment’s notice.A.refer to B.apply to C.adapt to D.appeal to 【答案与解析】C。句意：整个组织不得不准备好即刻适应所有的这些变化。refer to 提到，提及；apply to 运用，应用；adapt to 适应；appeal to 对„„有吸引力。②Ben, as a new immigrant from China, found it hard to _______ the American life.A.attend to B.apply to C.relate to D.adapt to 【答案与解析】D。句意：本，一名来自中国的新移民，发现很难适应美国的生活。adapt to 适应，符合

句意。attend to 处理，料理；apply to 申请；relate to 有关，涉及。③The popular cartoon Mulan is a(n)_______ of a Chinese poem for children.A.imagination B.plot C.story D.adaptation 【答案与解析】D。句意：流行动画片《木兰》是由儿童诗歌改编而成的。adaptation 改编本，符合句意。imagination 想象；plot 情节；story 故事。【归纳拓展】选用下列词填空

adapt to=adjust to 适应/适合 adapt(oneself)to=adjust(oneself)to 使(自己)适应于

be adapted for 使适合于；为„„改编(改写)adapt from 根据„„改编

be adapted from 由„„改编，修改 adaptable adj.能适应的，可修改的 adaptation n.适应，改编，改写本词汇-2.advocate 【原句呈现】However, her primary goal is to advocate better treatment for disabled people.【考点聚焦】

▲advocate 意义的识别； ▲advocate 固定搭配和句型； ▲与 allocate 拼写形式上的混淆。【考题研读】 ①I _______ banning trucks in the city centre because it will reduce air pollution and noise.A.assist B.advocate C.admit D.oppose 【答案与解析】B。句意：我支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张，因为这样会减少空气污染和噪音。

assist 帮助，协助，后接介词 with/in；advocate 拥护；支持，后可以接动词 ing 形式；admit 承认，后

接动词 ing 形式；oppose 反对，后接名词或代词，但 be opposed to 后接 doing。根据题意，只有 B 项正确。

②Cartoons should _______ social morality and family values and avoid violent scenes, including those that children could easily imitate.A.demonstrate B.advocate C.approve D.resolve 【答案与解析】B。句意：动漫应该提倡社会公德和家庭价值观，避免暴力的场面，包括那些孩子们能

轻易模仿的东西。advocate 提倡，主张；demonstrate 证明，展示，论证；approve 批准，赞成；resolve 决定，溶解。

③We advocate that the Iranian nuclear issue _______ through diplomatic means.A.would be resolved B.should resolve C.was resolved D.be resolved 【答案与解析】D。advocate that...主张„„[从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”]。“被解决”用被动

语态。句意：我们主张伊核问题应通过外交途径来解决。

④Many people _______ building more nursing homes so that more serious can be taken care of.A.admire B.advocate C.agree D.Allocate 【答案与解析】B。admire 崇拜；钦佩；advocate 提倡，主张，后接动名词作宾语；agree 同意；allocate 分配。句意：许多人提倡多建点养老院，这样更多的老人可以得到照顾。

【归纳拓展】

advocate doing sth.支持/提倡做某事

advocate that...主张„„[从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”] advocate on sth.在某方面支持词汇-3.quit 【原句呈现】Whichever way I look at it, I’ll never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.【考点聚焦】 ▲quit 意义的识别； ▲quit 的固定搭配； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】 ①The examination are around the corner.Some fans in my class are persuaded to _______ football to focus on their studies.A.quit to play B.stop to play C.quit playing D.quitted playing 【答案与解析】C。quit doing 停止做某事。由语境可知 B 项正确。注意 quit 的过去式和过去分词都是

quit。句意：考试临近了，我们班上的一些球迷被说服不去踢足球而把注意力集中到学习上。

②When I was _______ the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit _______.A.taken off, smoking B.taken up, having smoked C.taken down, to smoke D.taken apart, smoking 【答案与解析】A。句意：当我因健康的原因我离开了学校足球队的时候，我知道到了我戒烟的时候了。

take off 使离开；take up 从事，占据；take down 记下，病倒；take apart 分辨。quit doing 停止做某事。

③He had no other choice but _______ office under such pressure.A.take B.employ C.quit D.miss 【答案与解析】C。quit office /one’s job 辞职。句意：在压力下，他别无办法，只好离职。【归纳拓展】

quit vt.停止，放弃，离开，解除，免除 vi.离开，迁出，停止，辞职 adj.自由的，了结的

quit office/one’s job 辞职 quit school 辍学 quit/stop/give up doing sth.停止/放弃做某事词汇-4.allocate 【原句呈现】It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.【考点聚焦】

▲allocate 意义的识别； ▲相关短语；

▲与 advocate 拼写形式上的混淆。【考题研读】

①Water is limited and can only be _______ to those who need most.A.allocated B.left C.arranged D.made 【答案与解析】A。句意：水是有限的，所以只能分配给那些最需要的人。allocate 分配；leave 离开，遗忘；arrange 安排；make 制造，使。

②The board of directors will have a large sum has been _______ for buying new books for the library.A.provided B.searched C.allocated D.advocated 【答案与解析】C。allocate...for...为„„而分配；把„„拨给。句意：董事会准备拨一大笔钱给图书馆购买新书。③It’s a very emotional issue.How can you _______ selling the ivory from elephants? A.allocate B.postpone C.abandon D.advocate 【答案与解析】D。allocate 分派，分配；postpone 推迟；abandon 放弃；advocate 提倡，鼓吹。句意：

这是个很容易激起公愤的话题。你怎么能够鼓吹贩卖象牙？【归纳拓展】

allocate sth.for sth.配给„„作„„ allocate sb.sth.给某人分配„„ allocate sth.to sb.分配„„给某人 allocate...for...为„„而分配；把„„拨给

allocate sth.among...在„„之间进行分配词汇-5.adequate 【原句呈现】It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.【考点聚焦】

▲adequate 及其名词、形容词和反义词意义的识别； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】

①Even given _______ fuel, the current rate of increase of energy consumption cannot continue for much longer.A.adequate B.accurate C.absent D.confident 【答案与解析】A。adequate 足够的；accurate 精确的；absent 缺席的，不在场的；confident 自信的。句

意：依据目前能源消耗增长速度，即使有充足的燃料，也是不能维持很长时间的。这里指“充足的燃料”，故选 A。

②The figures released by the local government showed that the area still suffered _______ teaching resources.A.unique B.essential C.natural D.inadequate 【答案与解析】D。句意：由地方政府公布的数字表明，这个地区仍然缺乏足够的教学资源。unique 独

特的；essential 基本的；natural 自然的；inadequate 不足的。③Bank of China hopes to keep its capital _______ around 12% for the next three years without any more calls on investors.A.accuracy B.currency C.adequacy D.tendency 【答案与解析】C。adequacy 充足。句意：中国银行希望，在不需要再向投资者筹资的情况下，未来三年将其资本充足率维持在 12%左右。

④To their delight, their newly-developed products were not _______ for the demand as soon as they went on the market.A.qualified B.flexible C.available D.adequate 【答案与解析】D。be adequate for 足够„„的。句意：让他们高兴的是他们新上市的产品供不应求。【归纳拓展】

adequate adj.足够的，合乎需要的，胜任的，令人满意的

→adequacy n.充分，胜任，适当，满足，足够，充足→adequately adv.足够地

be adequate for 足够„„的 be adequate to 能胜任„„ 附录：adequate/enough 辨析

adequate 表示符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有适当的意思，作定语时只能放在名词前面。

enough 常用词，着重数量的足够，指足以使人感到心满意足。作形容词时它可以放在名词前面或后面，或接不定式，还可用作副词修饰形容词或副词(其位置位于形容词或副词之后)和名词。词汇-6.company/accompany 【原句呈现】①Then families will be able to spend the maximum amount of time enjoying each other’ s company and the minimum amount of time doing housework.②She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly.【考点聚焦】

▲accompany 意义的识别； ▲与 company 的区别； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】

①If you set aside some time every week to _______ your children, the relationship between you will be improved.A.defend B.protect C.accompany D.guard 【答案与解析】C。defend 防卫，protect 保护，accompany 陪伴，guard 守卫。句意：如果你每周留出一

些时间来陪伴你的孩子们，你们之间的关系将会得到改善。②Judging by the _______ he keeps, Mark must be an extremely wealthy man.A.cooperation B.characteristic C.motivation D.company 【答案与解析】D。句意：从他结交的朋友可以看出，马克一定是一个极其富有的人。cooperation 合作；

characteristic 特点，特征；motivation 动机；company 陪伴。故选 D 项。

③Tomorrow the mayor is to _______ a group of French businessmen on a tour of the city.A.accompany B.support C.associate D.assist 【答案与解析】A。句意：明天市长将陪同法国实业家游览本市。accompany 陪伴，陪同，符合句意。

④He became violently angry, since he had often warned his son not to keep _______ with that group of boys.A.company B.sympathy C.association D.harmony 【答案】A。keep company with sb.与某人亲密交往。句意：他非常生气,因为他经常警告他的儿子让他不要和那群家伙混在一起。【归纳拓展】

company 是名词(除了“陪伴”的意义外，还有“公司、商行”的意思)，而 accompany 作为动词时意为

“陪伴，陪同，伴随，为„„伴奏 ”，作为名词时，意为“同伴，同行者”。

accompany 是及物动词，不要在其后误加介词 with。但是，用于被动语态的 accompany 后可接介词 with 或 by。习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语。accompanied by 连接主语时，并不影响主语的数。

be accompanied by...由„„陪伴；由„„伴奏 be accompanied with 带有„„的，以„„为其特征

accompany sb.to sp.陪某人到某地 accompany sb.a tour of some place 陪同某人游览某地

accompany sb.at/on....用„„给某人伴奏 keep sb.company=accompany sb.陪伴某人 keep company with sb.与某人亲密交往

in company with sb.陪伴某人和某人在一起 in the company of 在„„陪伴下【归纳拓展】

predict＋n./从句预测/报

预测某事(的发生/到来)predict＋n.＋to do sth.，该结构常用被动结构：be predicted to do sth.It’s predicted that 据预测„„ make a prediction 预测，预料 prediction n.预测；预料词汇-7.assist 【原句呈现】We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.【考点聚焦】

▲assist 及其名词意义的识别； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】

①Some of the guests _______ Grandma _______ the preparation of the food.A.aided;to B.helped;to C.assisted;with D.support;/ 【答案与解析】C。assist sb.with sth.帮助某人某事。句意：其中一些客人帮助奶奶准备饭菜。

②If you let me make a choice between Jane and Anne, I would say Jane is the better one to be my _______.A.assistance B.importance C.appreciation D.assistant 【答案与解析】D。assistant 助手，助理，助教。句意：如果你让我在珍妮和安妮之间作出选择的话，我要说珍妮是我的助手的更好的人选。

③A team of nurses _______ the doctors in performing the operation on the boy wounded in the earthquake.A.supported B.encouraged C.assisted D.respected 【答案与解析】C。assist sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事。句意：一队护士协助医生们对那个在地震中受了伤的男孩进行手术。【归纳拓展】

assist sb.with sth.帮助某人某事 assist sb.to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事

with the assistance of 在„„的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人

assistant n.助手，助理，助教；adj.辅助的，助理的，有帮助的 assistance n.帮助，协助词汇-8.instant 【原句呈现】Maybe there will even be automatic kitchens to cook instant meals for us.【考点聚焦】

▲instant 及其副词意义的识别；

▲instantly 和 the instant 引导状语从句。【考题研读】

①Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it _______.A.tough, instantly B.tense, urgently C.urgent, instantly D.instant, immediately 【答案与解析】C。句意：由于事情非常紧急，我们立即进行了处理。urgent 紧急的；tough 硬的；tense 紧张的；instant 立即的。instantly, immediately 立刻，立即。②The passengers were sent to the nearest hospital _______ after the accident happened.A.shortly B.nearly C.instantly D.dearly 【答案与解析】A。句意：事故发生之后不久，旅客们被送到最近的医院。shortly after 为固定结构，充

当连词，意为“不久以后” ；instantly“立即地，即刻地”，本题强调“发生后不久”，且 instantly 后面

不能跟 after，故排除此项；nearly 几乎；dearly 非常地、极大地。③He paid back the money he owed us _______ he returned home.A.frequently B.temporarily C.instantly D.approximately 【答案与解析】C。句意：他一回到家，就把欠我们的钱还了。四个选项都是副词：frequently 频繁地；

temporarily 暂时地，临时地；instantly 立即，马上，立刻，马上地，即刻地，立即地；approximately近

似地，大约。但其中只有“instantly”还可以作连词引导时间状语从句，表示“一„„就„„”。

④The _______ they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.A.immediate B.instantly C.instant D.directly 【答案与解析】C。句意：他们一听到警报，就立即集合准备战斗。the instant 表示“一„„就„„”，可以直接连接句子。【归纳拓展】

for an instant 一瞬间，一会儿 in an instant 一会儿，马上，立刻 on the instant 立即，即时 at that instant 在那一瞬间

the instant(作连词用)+句子=instantly(作连词用)+句子：一„„就„„(=as soon as 引导的时间状语从句)词汇-9.go after 【原句呈现】Some people advocate going after pleasure in order to find happiness.【考点聚焦】

▲go after 等相关短语的辨析。【考题研读】

①They make you feel understood, and they encourage you to _______ your goals and pursue your dreams.A.go through B.go after C.go against D.go ahead 【答案与解析】 B。句意：他们能让你感到被人理解，他们会鼓励你追逐你的目标，追求你的理想。go after 追逐，追求，符合语境。go through 检查，完成；go against 违背，对„„不利；go ahead 前进，干吧，请说吧。

②I don’t _______ rock’n’roll.It’s much too noisy for my taste.A.go after B.go away with C.go into D.go in for 【答案与解析】D。go in for 意为“爱好，喜爱”与后句意义相符；go after 追赶，追求；go away with 拿走，带走；go into 进入，详细调查。句中 rock ‘n’ roll=rock and roll 摇滚乐。句意：我不喜欢摇滚，因为它实在是太吵了不合我的胃口。

③—May I open the window to let in some fresh air? — _______!A.Come on B.Take care C.Go ahead D.Hold on 【答案与解析】C。句意： “我可以打开窗户让新鲜空气进来吗？” “可以！”go ahead 意为“干吧，做吧，继续吧”，表示准许或鼓励某人做某事，符合语境。come on 快点，表示催促的语气；take care 当心，小心；hold on 稍等。

④To get a better grade, you should _______ the notes again before the test.A.go over B.get over C.turn over D.take over 【答案与解析】A。go over 越过，复习，仔细查看；get over 从„„恢复过来；turn over 反复考虑，翻

倒；take over 接替，接收。句意：要想考得好成绩，你就应该在考试之前再仔细看一遍笔记。故选 A 项。

【归纳拓展】

go after 追赶，追求，谋求 go away with 拿走，带走

go ahead 前进，干吧，请说吧 go against 背叛，违背，违反，不利于

go by 走过(某处)，时间过去，流逝 go in for 爱好，酷爱，从事 go into 进入，详细调查 go round/around 四处走动，绕道走，(病，消息)流传

go off 爆炸，离去，(电)中断，(警报器等)突然发出巨响 go out 外出；(火，灯)熄灭 go over 越过，复习，仔细检查 go through 经历，遭受，审查 go up 上涨，上升，攀登，增加 go without 没有„„也行，没有„„而勉强应付词汇-10.at that point 【原句呈现】At that point in my life, I could have done anything or become anyone.【考点聚焦】

▲point 作为意义的识别及相关短语和句型； ▲point 作为先行词，关系代词的选择。【考题研读】 ①What’s the _______, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point 【答案与解析】D。sympathy 同情；theme 主题；object 目标；point 意义，目的，点，要点，得分。句

意：在你看来，如果他不努力自救，帮他有什么意义呢？故选 D。②Our football team led _______ one point, but towards the end of the game, their team scored and the game ended _______ a tie.A.by;in B.for;by C.with;with D.by;with 【答案与解析】A。lead by one point 领先一分；end in 以„„告终。句意：我们足球队领先一分，但后

来比赛结尾，他们队得分，比赛最终以平局告终。故选 A。③There is no point _______ improving public transport unless we can pay for it.A.advocating B.advocated C.to advocate D.advocate 【答案与解析】A。固定句型：There is no point doing...做„„是没有意义的。句意：提倡改善公共交通

毫无意义，除非我們能支付得起改善的费用。

④—At the end of the day we can gather our guests to enjoy fine wine.—You seem to be getting _______.How is that relevant to the discussion? A.to the point B.on the point C.at that point D.off the point 【答案与解析】 D。off the point 离题的；偏离要点的 suitable 适合的； tentative 不确定的，暂时的； parallel平行的，相似的；relevant 相关的，切题的。be relevant to 与„„有关的。句意： “在一天结束时，我

们可以将客人聚在一起品尝美酒。” “你似乎偏离了主题，这和讨论有什么关系？”。

⑤—If you focus on what you’ve left behind, you’ll never be able to see what lies ahead.—That’s it._______

A.I can’t agree with it.B.You’ve got a point there.C.You’ve got me there.D.Action speaks louder than words.【答案与解析】B。考查交际用语。句意： “如果你你总是专注你落在后面的东西的话，你就永远不会看

见前方的东西。” “是的，你说得挺有道理的。”空格处与 B 项“You’ve got a point there 你说得挺有道理的”的意义一致，故 B 项正确。A 项表示的是“我不同意”与前面的“that’s it”矛盾；C 项表示“你难倒我了” ；D 项是“行动胜过言语”之意。

⑥—Living in the city will be a lot of trouble.I expect you are not going there alone.—_______, but I don’t think living there will be so difficult for me.A.I’m afraid not B.I’m sorry C.I get your point D.I’d love to

【答案与解析】C。句意： “住在城里会有很多麻烦。我期望你不要单独去那儿。” “我明白你的意思了。

但是我认为住在城里对我来说不会太难过的。” I’m afraid not 我恐怕不行； I’m sorry 我感到抱歉； I get your point 我明白你的意思了；I’d love to 我想要去做；根据答句中的“but I don’t think living there will be so difficult for me”可知，说话者明白了对方所说的意思。

⑦I was _______ on the point of giving her my address when my wife came up to us.A.at the expense of B.for the sake of C.on the point of D.in recognition of 【答案与解析】D。at the expense of 以„„为代价；for the sake of 为了；on the point of 正要„„的时候；

in recognition of 作为对„„的承认(或酬劳，肯定等)。句意：正当我要把地址给她的时候，我太太走过来了。

⑧Miss Green took up the story at the point _______ the thief had just made off with the jewels.A.when B.which C.on which D.where 【答案与解析】D。the point 这里是抽象地点先行词，用 where。at the point 在某一点。句意：格林小姐从小偷刚刚偷了珠宝这里开始接着讲这个故事。【归纳拓展】

at this/that point 在这时/那时，在这个/那个阶段

to the point of 到„„阶段(程度，地步)to the point 切题的，中肯的，开宗明义，说到点子上

off the point 离题的，偏离要点的 be on the point of(doing)sth.when 正要做某事，这时„„

to the point of 达到„„的程度 come to the point 谈到要点，到了紧要关头

lead by one point/two points 领先一分/两分 There is no point(in)doing sth.做某事没意义。I get your point 我明白你的意思了。

You’ve got a point there 你说得挺有道理的。

二、经典句型

1.in case 引导的从句及其它

【原句呈现】 Well, in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is? 【考点聚焦】

▲用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果，万一”。▲用作从属连词，引导目的状语从句，其意为“以防，免得”。▲起副词作用，其意为“以防万一”，在句中充当状语，常位于句末。

▲有关 case 词组：

in any case 无论如何，总之 in that case 如果那样的话

in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装)as is often the case 这是常有的事

in case of 如果，万一(后跟名词或动名词)in the case of...就„„来说，至于

【考题研读】

①I took my driving license with me on holiday, _______ I wanted to hire a car.A.in case B.even if C.ever since D.if only 【答案与解析】A。本题的解题关键是弄清“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答

案就很容易锁定了。句意：度假时我带了驾照，以防我要租车(时用得着)。

②I’ll be out for some time._______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A.In case B.As if C.Even though D.Now that 【答案与解析】A。in case 万一，以防；as if 似乎，好像；even though 即使，尽管；now that 既然，由

于(now 有时可以省略)。句意：我要出去一下。万一有什么重要的事情，请立刻打我电话。根据句意 A 正确。

③In no case_______ indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.A the documents will B will be documents C the documents should D do the documents 【答案与解析】D。in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装)。句意：在任何情况下这些文书都不会指出丈夫和妻子在法律上的地位。④—I’m free this evening.—_______, why not have dinner with me? A.On the contrary B.In this way C.In that case D.What’s more 【答案与解析】 C。on the contrary 恰恰相反； in this way 用这种方法； in that case 既然这样； what’ s more 而且。句意： “今晚我有空。” “既然这样，干嘛不和我去吃晚餐？”

⑤_______ my absence, you may ask Mr.Li to help you!A.In case of B.In front of C.In charge of D.In place of 【答案与解析】A。in case of 如果，万一；in front of 在„„前面；in charge of 负责；in place of 代替。句意：如果我不在，可以请李先生帮助你们。2.by the time+从句

【原句呈现】By the time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games, she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.【考点聚焦】

▲by the time+从句引导状语从句是，主句谓语动词的时态常用完成时态。【考题研读】

①By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______ for London to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left 【答案与解析】C。by the time 引导的时间状语从句中，如果从句为 by the time＋一般现在时，主句应用

将来完成时。句意：等到珍妮到了家的时候，她的姑妈已经前往伦敦去参加一个会议啦。

②By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _______ from college.A.graduated B.has graduated C.had been graduating D.had graduated 【答案与解析】D。句意：到杰克从英国回家的时候，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。return 所表示的动作

发生在过去，graduate 所表示的动作发生在他回家之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时态。3.独立主格结构

【原句呈现】I have received letters from so many people, all expressing their concern.【考点聚焦】

句中 all expressing their concern 是一个由“逻辑主语＋现在分词”构成的短语，叫作独立主格结构，作该

句的非限制性定语，相当于定语从句 all of whom expressed their concern，补充说明先行词 people。

▲独立主格结构的构成：逻辑主语＋不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语。【考题研读】

①I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.A.follows B.followed C.to follow D.being followed 【答案与解析】C。句意：今天我寄给你 100 美元，其余的一年以后再给你。动作表示的是将来，故用

不定式作定语，过去分词表示被动完成，现在分词表示主动进行。②_______, we’ll go camping this weekend.A.Weather permitting B.If weather is permitted C.Weather permits D.Weather permitted 【答案与解析】A。句意：如果天气允许的话，我们本周末将去野营。此处考查独立主格结构 weather permitting 作状语，相当于状语从句 if weather permits。③All things _______, the planned trip will have to be called off.A.considered B.be considered C.considering D.hating considered 【答案与解析】A。consider 与 All things 为动宾关系用过去分词。句意：一切事情考虑在内计划不得不被取消了。

④The lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A.being given B.having given C.to be given D.having been given 【答案与解析】D。根据下文的“followed”说明“讲座”已经结束，再者“讲座”是“被讲的”，故用现

在分词完成式的被动式。句意：讲座结束后，现场提问环节紧随其后。本单元还有一个重要句型

【教材原句】It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.(P26)要给每件事情分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。

参看模块一 Unit 2 feel like+从句结构

第三篇：专题6-3+Understanding+each+other(重点知识突破)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料(教案)

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块六 Unit 3 重点知识突破

一、重点词汇词汇-1.ensure 【原句呈现】 Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony, and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.【考点聚焦】

▲ensure 意义的识别； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】

①To _______ the child’s quick recovery, the doctor gave him a new kind of antibiotic(抗生素).A.make B.ensure C.engage D.cause 【答案与解析】B。句意：为了确保孩子迅速恢复，医生给他注射了一种新的抗生素。ensure 确保；

make 制造，使得，成为；engage 预订，使忙碌；cause 导致。②It is our responsibility to _______ that the country’s healthcare publications are beneficial to the people.A.satisfy B.compromise C.quarrel D.ensure 【答案与解析】D。句意：我们的职责是确保国家卫生保健方面的出版物对人民有益。ensure 确保，保证；satisfy 使满意；compromise 妥协；quarrel 争吵。

③We should try all means to ensure ourselves _______ all possible risks.A.with B.from C.out of D.due to 【答案与解析】B。ensure sb.from/against sth.确保某人免受„„。句意：我们应该用各种方法确保我们免受各种可能的危险。【归纳拓展】

ensure sb.sth.=ensure sth.to sb.向某人担保某事 ensure sb.from/against sth.确保某人免受„„

ensure that...=make sure that...担保/确保/保证„„ 参考模块六 Unit 1 词汇-5.guarantee 词汇-2.difference 【原句呈现】Can you tell me about some cultural differences you have found? 【考点聚焦】

▲difference 意义的识别； ▲相关短语。【考题研读】

①The cultural _______ in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural _______ in facial expressions A.leak, division B.difference, difference C.gap, difference D.difference ,sense 【答案与解析】B。cultural difference 文化差异。句意：眼睛移动表现出来的文化差异可能是面部表情表现文化差异的一个反应。

②Things in the world differ _______ each other in countless ways.A.with B.in C.from D.by 【答案与解析】C。differ from 为固定搭配，意思是：与„„不同。句意：在很多方面，世界上的东西相互之间都有着差异。

③It would have made a _______ if you had told me about it two days earlier.A.effort B.difference C.outcome D.result 【答案与解析】B。句意：如果你早告诉我两天，事情肯定会有不同的结果。make a difference“产生不同，有区别”，符合题意。

④—You wanted to leave early and Jack wanted to leave late? —Yes, but we split the _______ and left at noon.A.difference B.relation C.contradiction D.principle 【答案与解析】 A。split the difference 折中，妥协，互相让步。relation 关系； contradiction 矛盾； principle 原则。句意：“你想早点走，而杰克又想晚点走？”“是的。但是我们折中了一下，中午走的。” 【归纳拓展】

difference(n.)→different adj.不同的，有区别的，有差异的→ differ v.不同于

make no difference(to sb./sth.)对某人/某事不重要、不要紧 make some difference(to sb./sth)对某人/某事有些作用或影响 split the difference 折中，妥协，互相让步

tell the difference between A and B 说出 A 和 B 的不同之处 A differ from B=A and B differ from each other=A be different from B A 不同于 B/ A 与 B 不同词汇-3.congratulate 【原句呈现】During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.【考点聚焦】

▲congratulate 的搭配；

▲congratulate 与 celebrate 的区别； ▲congratulations 用于情景交际。【考题研读】

①Many friends sent me emails to _______ me on the birth of my son.A.celebrate B.reward C.express D.congratulate 【答案与解析】D。句意：许多朋友给我发电子邮件来祝贺我儿子的出生。congratulate sb.on sth.祝贺

某人某事；celebrate 庆祝；reward 回报；express 表达。

②You’ve made so much progress that I would like to _______ you with all my heart.A.congratulate, on B.express, from C.celebrate, on D.congratulate, with 【答案与解析】D。congratulate 祝贺；with all one’s heart 衷心地。句意：你取得了如此大的进步以至于我想衷心地祝贺你。

③I’d also like to _______ you on your good work in these two years.A.congratulate B.celebrate C.wish D.hope 【答案与解析】A。congratulate sb.on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，从搭配来看，应选择 A 项。celebrate 的宾

语通常是“物”，如节日、生日等。句意：我还要祝贺你这两年的出色工作。

④—I got that job I wanted at the public library.—_______!That’s good news.A.Go ahead B.Cheers C.Congratulations D.Come on 【答案与解析】C。A 项 Go ahead 干吧，说吧，做吧；B 项 Cheers(举杯敬酒时的常用语)干杯；C 项

Congratulations 祝贺；D 项 Come on(用于命令)快，加油，加把劲；(表示知道某人所说的话不正确)得了吧。根据 That’s good news.(那是个好消息。)以及 I got that job I wanted at the public library.(我得到了

那份我想要的在公共图书馆的工作。)可知，此处应该对其表示祝贺。句意：“我得到了那份我想要的在公共图书馆的工作。”“祝贺啊！那是个好消息。” 【归纳拓展】

congratulate 作“祝贺，道贺”解时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词 on 或 upon 引出祝贺的原因；

congratulate sb.on/upon(doing)sth.祝贺某人(做了)某事

congratulate oneself(on sth.)(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪 celebrate 表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语。

congratulation 祝贺，贺词 Congratulations!恭喜！

congratulations to sb.on sth.为某事祝贺某人词汇-4.permit 【原句呈现】Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.【考点聚焦】 ▲permit 的搭配； ▲其名词意义的识别(permit 本身也可以是名词，意义为：许可证，特许证)。【考题研读】

①Passengers are permitted _______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 【答案与解析】A。be permitted to do sth.被允许做某事。句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。

②—We don’t permit _______ in our school.Would you please put your cigarette out? —Forgive me.I didn’t know.A.to smoking B.to smoke C.smoking D.having smoked 【答案与解析】C。permit +动名词作宾语，故选 C。句意： “我们不允许在学校内抽烟。请你把你的香

烟熄灭好吗？” “对不起。我不知道(这个规定)。”

③They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area without _______.A.permit B.permitted C.permission D.a permission 【答案与解析】C。without permission 未经许可，擅自。句意：他们被带到了警察局，因为他们未经许可就进入了这一地区。【归纳拓展】 permit sb.to do sth./allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 be permitted to do sth./be allowed to do sth.(某人)被允许做某事 permit doing sth/allow doing sth.允许做某事 ask for permission 请求允许

with one’s permission 经过某人的允许

without(one’s)permission 未经(某人的)许可，擅自词汇-5.prohibit 【原句呈现】 Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.【考点聚焦】

▲prohibit 意义的识别； ▲prohibit 的搭配、相关短语； ▲prohibit 与的区别。【考题研读】

①Smoking is harmful to health, so smoking in all public places, including bars, restaurants, cafes and hotels, is _______ in New Zealand.A.recommended B.persuaded C.required D.prohibited 【答案与解析】D。recommend 劝告，建议；persuade 说服；require 要求；prohibit 禁止。句意：吸烟有害健康，所以新西兰在公共场所，包括酒吧，餐馆，咖啡馆和饭店禁止吸烟。

②The suggestion came from the general that the soldiers _______ camp after dark.A.be prohibited from leaving B.were prohibited to leave C.were prohibited from leaving D.should be prohibited to leave 【答案与解析】A。句意：将军的建议是天黑之后，禁止士兵离开营地。that 引导的是同位语从句，解

释说明 suggestion 的内容，其后的同位语从句中应用虚拟语气“(should＋)do”； be prohibited from doing 是 prohibit sb from doing 的被动结构。

③Smoking is strictly _______ in the process of handling explosive materials.A.prohibited B.forbidding C.prohibiting D.prevented 【答案与解析】A。句意：在处理易爆物品时，严禁吸烟。smoking 和 prohibit 之间为被动关系，故应

用被动语态。prohibit 用于上级部门的正式法令、规定或权威机构的法律、法令；forbid 用于普通人之

间如禁止某人做某事，或不让某人做某事。【归纳拓展】 prohibit/forbid 辨析

prohibit 强调以法律、官方行政手段，或规章制度的形式加以禁止。其名词为 prohibition。

forbid 较常用，可以是个人禁止，也可以是国家、政府机关作出的规定和准则的禁止。

prohibit sth/doing sth.禁止某事(做某事)prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

类例(阻止，禁止某人做某事)：stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.keep sb.from doing sth.discourage sb.from doing sth.prohibit sb.’s doing sth.forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb’s doing sth.ban sb.from doing sth.词汇-6.adjust 【原句呈现】It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.【考点聚焦】

▲adjust 意义的识别； ▲相关短语；

▲其名词和形容词意义的识别。【考题研读】

①My camera can be _______ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A.treated B.adopted C.adjusted D.adapted 【答案与解析】C。句意：我的照相机可以根据天气进行调整。treat 对待，治疗；adopt 收养，采纳； adjust 调整；adapt 使适应，改编。

②According to experts, China needs to _______ its one child family planning policy to fight against a worsening gender(性别)imbalance and an aging population.A.arrange B.apply C.adapt D.adjust 【答案与解析】D。句意：根据专家的建议，中国需要调整一对夫妇只生一个孩子的计划生育政策，以

便应对日益严重的性别失调和人口老龄化的问题。adjust 调整；arrange 安排；apply 申请；adapt 使适应。

③The survey shows some major publishers, institutions and businesses have begun to make _______ to the new age in order to meet the need of the social and economic change.A.combinations B.presentations C.adjustments D.assessments 【答案与解析】C。句意：调查显示：一些主要的出版社、机构和企业已经开始针对新时期作出调整，为的是满足社会和经济变革的需求。adjustment 调整，适应，符合句意。combination 结合(体)，联合(体)； presentation 显示，演出；assessment 评价，估计。④Gas cookers are _______ adjustable in height to line up with your kitchen work top.A.admirable B.available C.adjustable D.accessible 【答案与解析】C。admirable 值得敬佩的；available 可获得的；adjustable 可协调的；accessible 易接近的，平易近人的。句意：燃气灶的高度可调整，使之与厨房操作台齐平。

【归纳拓展】

adjust sth.to sth.调整„„以适应„„ adjust to(doing)sth.=adapt to(doing)sth.适应于„„

adjust oneself to = adapt oneself to 使自己适应于„„ make adjustments/an adjustment 作出调整附录：adopt 指“采用，采取；收养；正式通过” adapt 指“修改或改变以适应新条件”

adapt sth.from sth.根据某事将„„改编成„„ be adapted from...由„„改编词汇-7.familiar 【原句呈现】For example, I have childhood memories of Bonfire Night, but my American are not familiar with that particular festival.【考点聚焦】

▲familiar 后是跟介词 to 还是跟介词 with； ▲类似短语的识别。【考题研读】

①Before I left the cultural environment I _______, I thought some of our holiday traditions were unnecessary.A.was familiar to B.was familiar with C.was popular with D.was similar to 【答案与解析】B。was familiar to 为(他人)所熟悉；was familiar with 对„„熟悉；was popular with 受

到„„欢迎；was similar to 与„„相似/相像。句意：在我离开熟悉的文化环境之前，我认为我们一些传统节日有些多余。

②Jay Chou’ songs are very _______ young people, who like their content and style.A.familiar with B.familiar to C.similar to D.particular with 【答案与解析】B。句意：周杰伦的歌，由于它的内容和风格受到年轻人的喜爱。was familiar to 为(他

人)所熟悉；be popular with 受到„„欢迎，喜爱；be similar to 和„„相似/相像。

③She has already tried her best.Please don’t be to _______ about her job.A.popular B.responsible C.familiar D.particular 【答案与解析】D。be particular about 对„„挑剔。句意：她已经尽力了。请不要对她的工作挑剔。

④Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are _______ to those of McDonald's.A.curious B.particular C.similar D.familiar 【答案与解析】C。be similar to 与„„相似的。句意：研究一下 Wendy 餐馆的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。【归纳拓展】

(be)familiar with 对„„熟悉(指前者对后者的熟悉)(be)familiar to 为„„所熟悉(指后者对前者的熟悉)(be/become)popular with/among 受„„欢迎的(be)particular about 对„„讲究/挑剔(be)similar to 与„„相似/相像词汇-8.expectation 【原句呈现】I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.【考点聚焦】

▲expectation 的意义及相关短语； ▲其动词的相关搭配。【考题研读】

①Generally, students’ inner motivation with high _______ from others is essential to their development.A.expectations B.reputations C.contributions D.civilizations 【答案与解析】A。expectation 期望；reputation 名声；contribution 贡献；civilization 文明。句意：一般

来说，被他人寄予高期望值的学生的内在动力对他们的发展是及其必要的。

②We did so well—beyond all our _______.A.hope B.wish C.understanding D.expectations 【答案与解析】D。句意：我们做得那么好——出乎我们所有人的意料。beyond one’s expectations“出乎某人的意料”。

③As the traditional Spring Festival is approaching，shop owners from all walks of life offer large discounts _______ high sales income from their customers.A.in expectation of B.in celebration of C.in explanation of D.in possession of 【答案与解析】A。句意：在传统的春节来临之际，各行各业的店主提供大的折扣以期从他们的顾客那

里得到高的销售收入。in expectation of 期望； in celebration of 庆祝； in explanation of 解释； in possession of 拥有，占有。

④— Have you seen the film The sound of Music? — Not yet, but I _______.A.expect not B.think to C.expect so D.expect to 【答案与解析】D。句意：“你看过《音乐的声音》那部电影吗？”“——目前还没有，但我预计去看的。”expect to do sth：预计(打算)去做某事，这里其实省略了 seen the film The sound of Music。

⑤In a diverse society, one would expect _______ multiple interpretations of rights.A.it being B.it to be C.there being D.there to be 【答案与解析】D。句意：在一多样化的社会，一个人总是期望对于权力会有多种解释。此处考查的是

expect 一词的非谓语动词用法即 except sb to do sth 以及 there be 句式的混合考法，即生成 expect there to be 的复合结构，故 D 项适合。【归纳拓展】

meet/live up to sb.’s expectations 不辜负某人的期望 have high expectations 怀有很高期望/寄予厚望

beyond(one’s)expectations 出乎(某人的)意料 in expectation of 预计注意：当 expectation 表示“期望，预期的事物；前程”时，通常用复数。

动词 expect 的常用搭配

expect to do sth.期待/预计(打算)做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期待/预料某人做某事 expect sb.of sth.期待某人某物 expect that(从句)...期待„„/预料„„

as expected 正如所料，不出所料词汇-9.account 【原句呈现】You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.【考点聚焦】

▲account 作为名词的意义及相关短语； ▲其作为动词的相关短语。【考题研读】

①Much to our surprise, the witness’s _______ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.A.account B.opinion C.instruction D.explanation 【答案与解析】A。句意：很让我们吃惊的是，目击者对这起交通事故的描述在几个方面和官方的版本

不同。account“描述”，符合句意。opinion 看法；instruction 说明；explanation 解释。

②I’d _______ his credit rating and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A.take into account B.account for C.make up for D.make out 【答案与解析】A。take sth.into account/take account of sth.考虑某事。句意：我想在考虑了他的信用状况后，再决定是否同意贷款。

③—Tom has played a lot of computer games recently.—Yes, that might _______ his failure in the midterm examinations.A.account for B.answer for C.ask for D.stand for 【答案与解析】A。句意：“汤姆最近玩太多电脑游戏了。”“是的，这也许是他期中考试失利的原

因。”account for 是„„的说明(或原因)，符合句意。answer for 对„„负责；ask for 要求，请求；stand for 代表。

④It is said that body language ________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.A.lies in B.accounts for C.consists of D.goes with 【答案与解析】B。句意：据说肢体语言占第一印象的 55%，而你说的话只占 7%。lie in 在于；account for(数量上、比例上)占；consist of 由„„组成(或构成)；go with 与„„相配(或协调、和谐)。

⑤It is _______ his tremendous enthusiasm and devotion that the old teacher is respected by all his students.A.on account of B.with regard to C.in terms of D.in reference to 【答案与解析】 A。句意：真是因为这位老教师极大的热情和奉献精神才使他赢得了他所有学生的尊重。

on account of 由于，因为；with regard to 至于，关于；in terms of 就„„而言；in reference to 关于，至于。【归纳拓展】

give an account of 给予描述，进行说明 take sth.into account/take account of sth.考虑某事 on account of 由于，因为

on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)account for(在数量和比例上)占，占据；是„„的原因；对„„做出解释和说明词汇-10.take up 【原句呈现】I have no idea what he will do with them all and it took up a lot of time.【考点聚焦】

▲take up 多重意义的识别。【考题研读】

①We tried to find a table for seven, hut they were all _______.A.given away B.kept away C.taken up D.used up 【答案与解析】C。give away 泄露,捐赠；keep away 控制在外；take up 占据；use up 用光，用尽=run out of。句意：我们努力寻找一张能供 7 人吃饭的桌子，但是所有的桌子都被人占了。

②After more than ten minutes’ break, the speaker _______ the story from where he left off.A.kept on B.went on C.made up D.took up 【答案与解析】D。take up“接着”指“继续讲(以前)提过的事”之意，符合题意。句意：休息十多分

钟后，演讲者从他中断的地方继续讲这个故事。keep on 后面应跟 doing 结构；go on 后不能直接跟宾语；make up 是“编造”的意思。

③Peter will _______ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.A.take up B.put up C.add up D.break up 【答案与解析】A。句意：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。take up 开始从事，符

合句意。put up 张贴，举起，建造；add up 合计；break up 打碎，解散，结束，分手。

④Are you going to _______ take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？

A.take away B.take over C.take up D.take in 【答案与解析】C。take away 拿走；take in 理解；take out 拿出；take up 接受。句意：坚持一周内不争吵，你打算接受这一挑战吗? ⑤I always _______ take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.A.take away B.take in C.take over D.take up 【答案与解析】D。take up 拿起。句意：当我情绪低落时，我总是拿起这本书看看。【归纳拓展】

take up 的意义：接受，占据，接着继续，拿起，开始从事等等。附录：本单元还有下列一个类似的语言点

【原句呈现】Another thing is, if you came to Brunei, you would have to take off our shoes before going into someone’s house.(P35)还有，如果你来到文莱，你进别人家门之前得脱鞋。【考点聚焦】

▲take off 多重意义的识别。【考题研读】

①Chen Xiang’s singing career _______ after his first album was released.A.took up B.took away C.took off D.took on 【答案与解析】C。take off(事业的)腾飞。句意：自从第一张唱片发布以后，陈翔的歌唱事业开始腾飞

了。take up 开始从事；take away 带走，拿走；take on 呈现。② If something such as a product, an activity, or someone’s career _______, it suddenly becomes very successful.A.takes up B.takes in C.takes off D.takes away 【答案与解析】C。句意：如果一种产品突然大受欢迎，一项活动成功举办，或者一个人的事业突然有

了起色，这里指的是突然大获成功。take up 占据，从事；take in 吸收，理解，欺骗，包括；take off 脱掉，起飞，(突然)成功，切除(身体的一部分)；take away 拿走，打包带走，使(感情、感觉)消失。这里是“突然成功”的意思。

二、经典句型

1.Why don’t you do sth.句型

【原句呈现】Waled, why don’t you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony.【考点聚焦】

本句中 “why don’t you do sth.?”句型的句法功能是表示“建议”，句子中用一般现在时指将来。

▲“Why don’t you do sth.?”句型另一种表达方式为“Why not do sth?”，而 Why not?作为答语时表示“赞同”。

注意：Why don’t you go shopping?你为什么不去购物呢？(建议你去购物)Why do you not go shopping?你怎么没有去购物？(仅仅询问原因)Why didn’t you go shopping?你为什么没有去购物？(含有质问的意思)【考题研读】

①—_______ consider a trip to, say, Beijing or Hangzhou? —I wouldn’t mind that.A.Why not you B.Why don’t you C.Why you D.Why you not

【答案与解析】B。根据上下文语境，这里应该是给对方提出建议，用 Why don’t you。句意： “为什

么你不考虑来一次旅游，比如说去北京或者是杭州? ” “(对于北京或者杭州)我是不会介意的。”

②—How about putting some pictures into the report? —_______ A picture is worth a thousand words.A.No way.B.Why not? C.All right? D.No matter.【答案与解析】B。从语境可以看出，答语是对前者建议的认同和肯定，而 why not？恰好是用反问的

语气来表示赞同。句意： “在这篇报告中插入一些图片如何? ” “为什么不呢？一图胜千言！”

③––_______ come back last night? I waited long!––Don’t give me that.You were playing games the whole night.A.Why don’t you B.Why didn’t you C.Why not D.Why you didn’t 【答案与解析】B。根据上下文语境，这里应该表示质问，用 Why didn’t you。句意： “你昨天晚上为什

么没有回来？我等了好长时间。” “少来这一套。你整个晚上都在玩游戏。”

2.动词consider的若干句型

【原句呈现】During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.【考点聚焦】

▲consider 作“考虑”解，常用于以下句型： ①consider+名词/代词/动名词； ②consider+从句或“疑问词+不定式”。

▲consider 作“认为”解时，常用于以下句型：

①consider sb./sth+.(as)+形容词/名词。其中，as 可以省略； ②consider +sb./sth.+不定式。其中，不定式通常是 to be(可以省略)或其它动词的完成式；

③consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语； ④consider+宾语从句。【考题研读】

①—Have you considered_____ the job as a teacher? —Yes.I like it because a teacher is often considered _______ a gardener.A.to take, to be B.to take, being C.taking, being D.taking, to be 【答案与解析】D。句中，前一个句子中的 consider 作“考虑”解，后接动名词作宾语，但不可接不定

式，由此可以排除 AB 选项；后一个句子中的 consider 作“认为”解，用到句型 consider+sb./sth.+不

定式，此处使用的是被动语态结构。故答案为 D 项。句意： “你考虑过做老师的工作吗？” “是的，我非常喜欢，因为老师通常被认为是园丁。”

②How many students do you consider ________ the meeting？ A.had attended B.being attended C.to have attended D.attending 【答案与解析】 C。这是 consider sb.to do sth.结构，其中的不定式作宾补。不定式的动作显然发生在“认

为” 之前，故用不定式的完成式。如果把 “do you consider” 当作插入语，则 A 项中的 had 需改为 have。句意：你认为有多少学生参加了这次会议？

③Faced with the severe employment situation, many graduates are ________ going to work in the rural area.A.considering B.supposing C.imagining D.minding 【答案与解析】A。句意：面临严峻的就业形势，许多毕业生正考虑到农村工作。consider doing 意为

“考虑做某事”。其余三个选项“假定，想象，介意”都不符合语境。3.what引导的名词性从句【原句呈现】But what is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers.【考点聚焦】

▲what 引导名词性从句时，有比较灵活的意思，可视上下文把 what 理解为：the＋名词＋that„定

语从句，通常翻译成：„„的，在汉语中也叫“的”字结构。①what 相当于 the thing that/anything that„ ②what 相当于 the place that„ ③what 相当于 the time that„ ④what 相当于 the person that„ ⑤what 相当于 the speed that„

⑥what 相当于 the amount／number that„ ⑦A is to B what C is to D 和 What C is to D, A is to B 该句型用来比较说明两种事物相同或相似的关系，起比喻作用，相当于连接词 as，意为“正如、好比、就象„„一样”等。【考题研读】

①_______ was once regarded as impossible has come true.A.Who B.Which C.That D.What 【答案与解析】 D。that 是连词，只起连接从句作用，不做句子成分； what 是关系代词，相当于 something that 或 anything that，that 中不含 what ,但 what 中有 that。句意：曾经认为不可能的事情现在已经成为了现实。

②Baoji isn’t _______ it used to be.Great changes have taken place in the past years.A.that B.which C.like D.what 【答案与解析】 D。句意：宝鸡已经不是原来的样子了。在过去的数年里发生了巨大的变化。_______ she used to be.做表语从句，be 缺少表语，用 what 来引导，故选 D 项。③I met one of my students the other day.After several years, she changed a lot and looked different from _______ she used to be.A.that B.whom C.what D.who 【答案与解析】C。从句 she used to be 缺少表语，用 what 作表语。句意：多年之后她变化好大，看起来和过去的她那个大不相同了。

④After _______ seemed a hopeless wait, four coal miners trapped in the mine for 125 hours were finally rescued in Heilongjiang Province.A.when B.that C.it D.what 【答案与解析】D。解题的关键是看“after”一词的用法。如果其用做为连词，句子表达应该是：“After it seemed that it was a hopeless wait,„”。“what”引导宾语从句又要在从句中作主语。故 D 正确。句

意：在经历了似乎毫无希望的等待之后，黑龙江省四名被围困在井下长达 125 小时的煤矿工人终于被成功营救了上来。

⑤The other day my brother drove his car down the street at _______ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.where D.what 【答案与解析】D。此题考查作介词 at 的宾语从句，I thought 为插入语，所以从句中就缺少了主语，故用关系词 what。句意：几天前我的哥哥以我认为是一种非常危险的速度在大街驾车行驶。故选 D。

⑥Our factory has been developing rapidly these days.This year’s production is five times _______ it was ten years ago．

A.what B.that C.which D.as 【答案与解析】A。倍数的表达方法：主语+be+倍数+ what+...。句意：目前我们工厂一直发展很快。

今年的产品是十年前的十倍。故选 A。再比如：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们的收入是十年前的双倍。

⑦As we all know, reading is to the mind _______ food is to the body.A.that B.what C.as D.where 【答案与解析】B。考查固定句型：A is to B what C is to D“A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D”。句意：据我们所知，阅读对思维就像食物对身体一样。

第四篇：专题2.3+Amazing+people(基础知识清单)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料

2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料●模块二 Unit 3

基础知识梳理(知识清单)

一、词汇

1.背诵词汇 ▲单词

apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→application n.申请，申请表格；应用→applicant n.申请人 breathe v.呼吸→breath n.呼吸 connection n.联系→connect v.联系

curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心 death n.死亡→die v.死，去世→dying adj.垂死的；渴望的→deadly adj.致命的

devotion n.奉献；忠臣；专心→devote v.致力于，奉献→devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的；深爱的，挚爱的

discourage v.使灰心；劝阻→courage n.勇气→encourage v.鼓励→encouragement n.鼓励 disturb v.打扰，扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的→disturbed adj.感到不安的→disturbance n.干扰；骚乱

entrance n.入口 →enter v.进入

explorer n.探险家，探索者→exploration n.探索；勘探→explore v.探索；勘探

fortune n.大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→misfortune n.不幸，灾祸

inspire v.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspiration n.灵感；激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

murder vt.& n.谋杀→murderer n.谋杀者

optimistic adj.乐观的，抱有乐观看法的→optimism n.乐观，乐观主义→optimist n.乐观主义者；乐天派

organization n.组织，机构→organize v.组织→organizer n.组织者

preserve v.保护，保存，保持→preservation n.保存，保护→preserver n.保护人，维护者 punishment n.惩罚→punish v.惩罚 requirement n.要求，规定→require v.要求

scientific adj.科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家

shortly adv.不久，很快→short adj.短的，矮的，短缺的→shorten v.缩短，使变短 survival n.幸存，存活→survive v.幸存；生存→survivor n.幸存者 various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化→variety n.种类 warning n.警告→warn v.警告 desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望；vt.渴望，期望

labour n.&vi.劳动，努力工作 swallow v.吞下,吞咽 orbit n.轨道，vt.沿轨道运行，围绕„„运动 signal n.信号，v.发信号，表明 coincidence n.巧合，碰巧

indeed adv.的确，确实

content n.内容 adj.满意的

native本地的，本国的 quality n.品质，质量

superior n.上级，上司；adj.更好的，更高outgoing adj.爱交际的，友好的，外向的 rare adj.稀有的，罕见的的

tomb n.坟墓

whichever pron.无论哪个，无论哪些 within prep.在„„之内，不超过 widespread adj.广泛的，普遍的 ▲短语

apply for a job申请一份工作

in control of掌管，控制

be curious about对„„好奇 breathe in吸进 come across 偶然碰到 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意

come into use开始使用

get in touch with 与„„联系

in connection with关于，与„„有关 pay off偿清(债务)，得到回报

set sail 起航 go out(灯)熄灭，外出，出去 look up to sb.尊敬某人

result in/lead to导致 2.识记词汇 ▲单词

airplane n.飞机

astronaut n.宇航员 candidate n.候选人，申请人

captain n.船长，飞机机长，队长，海军上校，陆军，空军上尉 clothing n.衣物

companion n.伴侣，陪伴 Egyptian

adj.埃及的；埃及人的；n.埃data n.(pl)数据，资料及人

female n.& adj.女性(的)north-east n.东北 rocket n.火箭

nationality n.国籍 riddle n.谜

sex n.性别

virus n.病毒

voyage n.航行，(尤指)航海，航天 status n.地位，身份

valley n.山谷，峡谷

▲短语

go down in history载入史册 show great devotion to对„„表现出极大的忠诚/专心 thanks to多亏，由于

win sb.the status of„为某人赢得„„的地位

二、句型

1.only+动词不定式句型

【教材原句】He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day.(P43)他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧。

2.not only„but also句型

【教材原句】They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.(P58)他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。

3.强调句

【教材原句】Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.(P58)虽然杨利伟并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。

三、语法

复习本单元的Grammar and usage：过去完成时。

一、过去完成时的形式及用法

过去完成时的形式为had done。其用法如下：

1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在

“过去的过去”，可图示为：

这个过去的某一时间可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。

By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。

Before they arrived here, the film had already started.我到广州时，他在那里已经很长时间了。

When I came to Guangzhou, he had been there for a long time.注意：在before, after, as soon as等引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间先后，所以可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。

【高考典例】

(2014北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.A.started 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我发现这个讲座很难跟上趟。因为当我到的时候，它就开始了。根据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始的，而句中我到达使用了arrived，而报告是在这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。

2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

当公交车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.他说自从1979年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1979.二、常使用过去完成时的情况

1.在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.【高考典例】

(2014浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests before.A.has seen B.had seen C.saw D.would see 【答案】B

B.was starting

C.would start

D.had started

2.过去完成时用于宾语从句：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时，从句要用过去完成时。

那位老人说她当过30年的教师。

The old woman said she had been a teacher for thirty years.【高考典例】

(2011江西卷)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______into the office during the night.A.broke 【答案】B 【解析】句意：早晨我们来上班，结果发现有人晚上闯入过办公室。空格处的动作发生在found之前，故用过去完成时，选B。

3.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。我已归还了我借的书。

I returned the book that I had borrowed.她丢失的钥匙找到了。

She found the key that she had lost.【高考典例】

(2014陕西卷)During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________, A.would recommend C.have recommended 【答案】B

B.had recommended

D.were recommending

B.had broken

C.has broken

D.was breaking 4.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。

我本来要去机场接你的，可正好在我出门时有人来看我。

I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.我本打算借给你一些钱的，但你没问我。

I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didn’t ask.5.过去完成时常用于下列固定句式。

(1)用在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...句型中，主句要用过去完成时。他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚到就又走了。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.(2)在“It was the first(second, third...)time that...”句型中，that从句要用过去完成时。这是他第一次到中国来。

It was the first time that he had come to China.三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

1.过去完成时表示动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示动作发生在“过去”。他忽然想起来他没锁门。

He suddenly remembered that he hadn’t locked the door.【高考典例】

(2014福建卷)—Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A.stayed 【答案】A

B.stay

C.had stayed

D.am staying 2.叙述几个连续的动作用法不同。

(1)在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作，并按时间顺序叙述时，用一般过去时。她天黑后不久动身，一小时后到家。

She set out soon after dark and arrived home one hour later.我买了一部收音机，但丢了。I bought a radio but lost it.(2)如果两个先后发生的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时，为明确动作发生的先后顺序，先发生的动作用过去完成时。农民们兴高采烈，因为他们又有了一次好收成。

The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another good harvest.四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”。比较：

I have learned 1,000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。I had learned 1,000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。— I’m sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在结束)

第五篇：2018版高考语文一轮总复习专题十三传记3探究课后对点集训

专题十三传记 3 探究

一、[2017·合肥质检二]阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

几何学中的哥白尼

1893年，喀山大学树立起了世界上第一个为数学家雕塑的塑像。这位数学家就是俄国的伟大学者、非欧几何的重要创始人——罗巴切夫斯基。

罗巴切夫斯基出身贫寒，中学时代遇上了一个知识渊博又循循善诱的数学老师，受其影响，他很早就迷上了数学。升入喀山大学后，他就与这所学校结下了不解之缘。从大学生到教授，从系主任到校长，他在这里度过了40个春秋。

罗巴切夫斯基从1815年着手研究平行线理论，从1823年起更是全身心地投入其中。1826年2月23日是数学史上一个划时代的日子。这一天，在喀山大学物理数学系学术会议上，罗巴切夫斯基以平静无畏的姿态，宣读了他的学术报告《几何学原理及平行线定理严格证明的摘要》，向世界公开了自己的新观点。这一天被公认为“非欧几何诞生日”。

在这次会议上，他的那些“莫名其妙的话”，让台下几位著名数学家听得目瞪口呆。诸如“三角形的内角和小于两直角”“锐角一边的垂线可以和另一边不相交”等，这些命题不仅与欧几里得几何相冲突，而且还与人们的日常经验相背离。“罗巴切夫斯基是向一个公理挑战。”后来，爱因斯坦总结道。

走下讲台后，这位喀山大学图书馆兼博物馆馆长，试图同与会者交流看法，但所有人都不愿评论这篇“荒诞离奇”的论文。而回到自己的岗位上，罗巴切夫斯基还需要静下心来，把一些乱七八糟的东西整理得有条不紊。由于没钱雇助手，他得亲自给图书分类编目，给矿物标本掸去灰尘，给鸟类标本清除害虫，必要时还得拖地板。

这种习惯，他在担任校长后也依旧保持着。有一次，他脱下外衣正在干活，一位外宾误认为他是工作人员，请他带自己参观图书馆和博物馆。罗巴切夫斯基欣然答应，带着客人参观馆里最珍贵的藏品，并做了详细讲解。当晚，在省长的宴会上，外宾发现白天的“向导”竟然与自己同桌，才惊奇地发现了他的校长身份。

也正是校长身份，让罗巴切夫斯基的数学论文得以流传。他当年在学术会议上宣读提交的论文被弄丢了，他又根据自己的研究进展写了论文《几何学原理》。或许出于对校长的“尊敬”，《喀山大学通报》发表了这篇论文。在校长的请求下，校方将论文送到圣彼得堡科学院。“看来，作者旨在写出一部使人不能理解的著作。他做到了。”受命负责评审的知名院士在鉴定书中写道，同时强调这篇论文“不值得科学院的注意”。一些数学家开始嘲笑非欧几何学是一种“笑话”，甚至与数学毫不相关的作家歌德，也在《浮士德》里对非欧几何进行了一番嘲弄。

在创立和发展非欧几何的艰难历程中，罗巴切夫斯基始终没能遇到他的公开支持者。其实早在1792年，也就是罗巴切夫斯基诞生的那一年，德国数学家高斯就已经产生了非欧几何思想萌芽，到了1817年已初步成熟。但高斯向来主张“少些，但要成熟些”“不留下进一步要做的事”。同时，他也害怕新几何会激起学术界的不满和社会的反对，会影响自己作为“数学王子”的尊严和声望，因而一直没敢把自己的发现公之于世。当高斯看到罗巴切夫斯基的非欧几何著作后，内心是矛盾的，他私下在朋友面前高度称赞罗巴切夫斯基是“俄国最卓越的数学家之一”，却又不准朋友向外界泄露他对非欧几何的看法；他积极推选罗巴切夫斯基为哥廷根皇家科学院通讯院士，但他所写的推选通知书却避而不谈罗巴切夫斯基最卓越的贡献——创立非欧几何。

罗巴切夫斯基为非欧几何的生存和发展奋斗了三十多年，尽管饱受非难，但他从来没有动摇过对新几何远大前途的坚定信念。在临去世的前一年，即使已经双目失明，他还通过口述的方式完成了巨著《论几何学》。

历史是最公允的，它终将会对各种思想、观点和见解作出正确的评价。随着非欧几何的进一步发展，罗巴切夫斯基的独创性研究早已得到学术界的高度评价和一致赞美，而罗巴切夫斯基也被人们赞誉为“几何学中的哥白尼”。

专题2.1+Tales+of+the+unexplained(知识对点检测)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料[5篇范例]

第一篇：专题2.1+Tales+of+the+unexplained(知识对点检测)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料

第二篇：专题6-2+What+is+happiness+to+you(重点知识突破)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料(教案)

第三篇：专题6-3+Understanding+each+other(重点知识突破)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料(教案)

第四篇：专题2.3+Amazing+people(基础知识清单)-2018届江苏高考英语一轮复习精品资料

第五篇：2018版高考语文一轮总复习专题十三传记3探究课后对点集训

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