第一篇：高级英语上册完整教案_张中载_外语教学与研究出版社
高级英语（上）
Lesson One
Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Rock Music A form of popular music that is characterized by a pronounced, amplified beat.Electric guitars are almost always the main instrumental sound source.The modem rock band's basic elements are one or more vocalists, an electric lead guitar and bass guitar and drums.A rhythm guitar is often included, and many bands also use keyboards.“Rock-and-roll” was coined in the mid-1950' s by a Cleveland broadcaster, Alan Freed, to replace “rhythm-and-blues”——a term that Freed thought had too many racial overtones'.(It was being called “race music” in some quarters at the time.)Rhythm-and-blues was itself an updated, urbanized stylization of the blues, which had been developed mainly by rural or country-oriented black musicians.When the music was renamed rock-and-roll, it also underwent an elemental change, particularly when white performers saw how eagerly young audiences responded.“White” music——that is essentially conventional popular music with a decided country-and-western flavor——was blended with rhythm-and-blues, and young people continued to hold a proprietary attitude about it.Rock went through its share of phases and participated in a number of pop culture fads.课文要义（Main idea of the text）
The author focuses on the social influences of the rock music in terms of sociology.By contrasting different attitudes toward the rock among the young and adult audience, the author points out that rock is served as an expression of social ideas, and also provides a debating stage for different ideas.Rock 'n' roll stars express the young generation's viewpoints on various political and social problems, and also help the society see its own beliefs and attitudes, and express the young men's feelings and hope.词汇(Vocabulary)1.sprinkle: v.scatter or throw sth.in small drops or particles etc.on(a surface);spread
Every morning the sanitation workers sprinkle water on the dusty streets.每天早上清洁工人都要往尘土飞扬的街道上洒水。
Sprinkle sand along the icy path.把沙撒在冰封的路上。
2.adulation: n.excessive admiration or praise;flattery
The magazine is full of the fan' s adulation of their favorite pop stars.杂志上充满了歌迷 对他们所喜爱的歌手的吹捧。
adulate: v.flatter He respected science without adulating it.他尊重科学而不迷信科学。
3.reject: v.put aside, throw away, as not good enough to be kept;refuse to accept The ides that the earth is flat was rejected centuries ago.地球是扁平的理论几百年前就被否决了。
The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.军医拒收几名新兵，认为他们身体不合格。
4.embody: v.express or give visible form to ideas, feelings, etc.;include or contain sth.To me, he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher.在我看来，他身上体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质。
It' s necessary for the officials to embody principles in actions.对官员们来说，用行动体现原则很有必要。
5.editorialize: v.announce editorial
All the local papers editorialized on the subject.当地所有报纸都对这一问题发表了社论。Youth editorialized against depriving poor children of opportunities to be educated.青年报发表社论反对剥夺贫穷孩子受教育的机会。
6.bewilderment: n.state of being confused.The child watched the noisy crowd in bewilderment.孩子目瞪口呆地看着嘈杂的人群。
bewilder: v.confuse
The city traffic often bewildered me when I was young.小时候，城市交通常使我不知所措。
7.urge: v.push or drive on, press sth.with requests and arguments
He urged that we should go.(He urged us to go.)他催我们走。
They urged direct use of troops to try to suppress the movement.他们敦促使用军队镇压这场运动。
8.drive: n.energy;capacity to get things done He is a young man with brains, drive and initiative.他年轻，有头脑，有精力，还有进取心。
The new headmaster is lacking in drive.新校长缺乏魄力。
9.celebrate: v.praise;honor
Today his words and deeds are celebrated throughout the land.今天他的言行受到全国人民的赞颂。
The deeds of many heroes are celebrated by poets.许多英雄的行为受到诗人的赞美。
10.mirror: v.reflect as in a mirror
The trees were mirrored in the still water of the lake.静静的湖水映出岸上的树木。The decline in his influence mirrors a drop in his prestige.他的影响减弱反映出他的威信下降。短语(Expressions)1.dressed in sth: wearing sth.The bride was dressed in white.新娘穿一身白色的礼服。
They wanted to be dressed in clothes of virtue.他们想穿得道貌岸然。
2.act out: perform action which represent, and may help to release, the fears, etc
She acted out the role of wronged lover to make him feel guilty.她装扮作受冤枉的情人，好让他感到内疚。
The actress has acted out the heroine's part in detail.女演员把女主人公这个角色细腻地表现出来。
3.rather than: by preference or choice
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这鞋不好看，但很舒服。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.与其让蔬菜烂掉，他干脆以半价卖掉了。
4.sing of: to speak, tell about, or praise in poetry or songs
The poet sang of victory.诗人歌颂胜利。
They sang of his brave deeds.他们称颂他的英勇行为。
5.in return: as repayment
He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.他送她一些玫瑰花答谢她的好意。
How much did he give you in return for your bicycle? 他买你的自行车给了你多少钱？ 6.conceive of: form an idea in the mind
It is difficult to conceive of traveling to the moon.很难想象去月球旅行的情景。I can't conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone.我想不通你为什么让孩子独自旅行。
词语辨析(Word analysis)1.adulation, admiration adulation: excessive admiration or praise, flattery 奉承
He received adulations from many people.他受到许多人的奉承。admiration: feeling of respect, warm approval 钦佩，佩服
She was filled with admiration for his courage.她对他的勇气充满敬意。
2.argue, debate argue: give reasons for or against sth.esp.with the aim of persuading sb.争论
The lawyers argued the case for hours.律师们对这个案子辩论了几个小时。
debate: formally argue, esp.defend one’s position and attack his opponent’s point of view 辩论
The House of Representatives debated the proposal for three days.众议院就这个提案辩论了三天。3.arrogant, proud arrogant: showing too much pride in oneself and too little consideration for others 傲慢 It’s arrogant of you to assume you’ll win every time.你自以为每次都能赢，未免太自大了。
proud: feeling or showing just or reasonable pride 骄傲
We are proud of our country.我们为祖国感到骄傲。
4.conceive, imagine conceive: form an idea, plan, etc.in the mind, often used in the phrase “conceive of sth.” 想到
The ancients conceived(of)the world as flat.古人认为地球是扁的。
imagine: form a mental image of sth.想象
Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 你能想象出生活中没有电会是一幅什么样的情景吗？ 5.confuse, bewilder confuse: make sb.unable to think or act clearly 使……糊涂
They confused me by asking so many questions.他们提了一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。bewilder: confuse, esp.by the presence of many different or complicated things at the same time 因太复杂而使……不知所措，糊涂
I was totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle.这个纵横字谜的提示完全把 我弄糊涂了。6.ideal, idealistic ideal: satisfying one’s idea of what is perfect, most suitable, unrealistic 理想的，不切实际的
It is the ideal weather for a holiday.这是度假的理想天气。These are ideal plans for reform.这些都是不切实际的改革计划。
idealistic: of idealism or of person who has high ideals 理想主义的，理想主义者的 He is too idealistic as a politician.作为政治家，他太理想主义了。
7.mix, blend mix: put together tow or more things to make sth.else 混合
You mix flour and water to make paste.你把面粉与水和在一起，调制成面糊。
blend: mix thoroughly 融合
Blend blue and yellow, and you’ll get green.把蓝色和黄色混合，就可以得到绿色。8.ramble, rumble ramble: walk for pleasure with no special destination 漫步，散步
I like rambling in the country.我喜欢在乡间漫步。
rumble: make a deep heavy continuous sound 发出隆隆声
I heard thunder rumbling in the distance.我听见远方雷声隆隆。
难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
1.They think he’s sick, sick, sick.They think he is disgusting.（They think his performance is disgusting.）
他们觉得他的表演太恶心。
2.Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.Horowitz regards the rock music arena as a sort of arguing place, where people with different ideas can argue with each other.霍洛威茨把摇滚乐舞台视为一种争辩的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。
3.Newspapers editorialized against him.Newspapers carry the editor’s articles criticizing him.报纸刊登文章抨击他。
4.Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded.Most of the older audience were against it, but most of the younger audience were for it.大多数成年观众皱眉不满，而大多数年轻观众则鼓掌欢迎。
5.He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation.He touched on change and the confusion of the elder people in his songs.他唱到变革和老一代的困惑。
6.The Beatles urged peace and piety.The Beatles strongly advocated peace and piety.甲壳虫乐队敦促和平与虔诚。
课文翻译(Translation of the text)
超级摇滚巨星
—— 关于我们自己和我们的社会，他们告诉我们些什么？
摇滚乐是青少年反叛的音乐。
一— 摇滚乐评论家约翰·罗克韦尔
由其崇拜的人即可知其人。
—— 小说家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦
1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圆形露天剧场里观众如潮，群情激昂，狂摇猛摆。台上，滚石乐队的米克·贾格尔正在演唱“午夜漫步人”。演唱结束时评论家唐·赫克曼在现场。他说：“贾格尔抓起一个装有半加伦水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把里面的水往前几排狂热的听众身上洒。他们蜂拥地跟随他，热切地希望能淋上几滴这洗礼的圣水。”
1973年12月下旬的一天，大约一万四千名尖声叫喊的歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场嘈杂地涌向台前。美国的恐怖歌星艾利斯·库珀正要结束自己表演。他借助断头台假装结束自己生命来结束表演。他的“头”落人一个草篮中。“啊！”一个穿黑衣服的女孩惊呼道，“啊，太了不起了！”十四岁的迈克·玻利也在场，但他的父母并不在。“他们觉得他令人恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，‘你怎么能忍受那种东西？’”
1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁代尔的拿骚体育馆里，鲍勃·狄伦和乐队正在为音乐会上用的乐器调音。场外瓢泼大雨中，摇滚乐迷克利斯·辛格正等着入场。“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。”
你是如何看待所有这些溢美之词与英雄崇拜？当米克·贾格尔迷们把他视为至高的神父或神明时，你是赞成他们还是反对他们？你和克利斯·辛格一样对鲍勃·狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？你认为他或狄伦步入歧途了吗？你是否嫌艾利斯·库珀表演恶心而不接受他？还是你莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑吸引，因为他表现了你最疯狂的幻想？
这并非是些随便问问的问题。有些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想些什么，社会在想些什么。换句话说，可以说明你和社会的态度。“音乐表现其时代，”社会学家欧文·霍洛威茨说。霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为一个辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。他把它看作是一个美国社会努力为自己的情感与信念进行解释与再解释的场所。他说：“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能完成的任务。是他们将创造与夸张．理性与 行动，文字与声音，音乐与政治结合起来。”
作曲家兼演唱家托德·伦德格伦同意这个看法。他说：“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力量，不如说是一种社会心理的表现。甚至连艾尔维斯·普雷斯利也并非真正是一种伟大的音乐力量，只不过是艾尔维斯体现出了五十年代青少年那种失落的精神状态。”当然普雷斯利震动了美国的成人世界。报纸发表社论抨击他，电视网禁止播放他的节目。但艾尔维斯也许证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法。当他通过埃德·沙利文主持的星期日晚间娱乐节目出现在千百万观众面前时，一场“大辩论”就展开了。大多数成年观众皱眉不满，而多数年轻观众则拍手欢呼。
摇滚乐评论家们说，从艾尔维斯到艾丽斯，许多摇滚歌星帮助我们的社会阐述了其信仰与态度。鲍勃·狄伦触动了不满的神经，他唱到民权，核扩散物以及孤独，他唱到变革和老一代人的迷惑。他唱道：“这里正发生着什么事，你却不知道是什么事，是不是，琼斯先 生？”
其他人也加人到辩论中来。霍洛威茨说，甲壳虫乐队借助幽默，可能还有麻醉品的微弱之力来敦促和平与虔诚。滚石乐队，傲慢的街头斗士，则要求革命。杰斐逊飞机乐队演唱的“我们能够联合”和“志愿者（来一场革命）”则是激进青年的进一步的声明。
但是政治并不是六十年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的唯一主题。情感，作为任何音乐表现中常有的部分，也是一个重要题目。詹妮丝·乔普林歌唱自己的悲哀。甲壳虫乐队唱出爱与恨之间一系列感受。以后又出现了狄伦的摇滚乐队，他们把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表现的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐的较为激进的“都市”观念融合在一起。霍洛威茨认为这一乡村音乐的成份有助于为听众表达“逃避现实”，“回到往昔”的强烈愿望。当前最能说明霍洛威茨观点的例子之一是约翰·丹佛。他最著名的歌曲“阳光照在我肩上”、“高高的落基山”和“乡间小路”把民间摇滚乐的音乐气魄与力量结合了起来，而歌词则赞美了“美好往昔”的淳朴和欢乐。
诸如此类的例子不胜枚举。这些摇滚乐音乐家和所有的艺术家一样，反映出时代的感情和信念，我们可以借此认识并形成自己的情感与信念。
我们用什么来回报他们呢？当然是掌声与赞扬。在1972年的一次全国性民意测验中，中学里百分之十以上的男生，百分之二十以上的女生说他们最崇拜的人是超级摇滚巨星。我们还给他们金钱以回报。一份名为《福布斯》的商业杂志说：“当今成为百万富翁的最快捷的途径是当摇滚歌星。”
当今的英雄们一—至少他们中的一部分人一—告诉我们，他们喜欢所得的报偿。“我暗自嘲笑这些先生们和女士们，他们从没想到过我们会成为拥有亿万财富的宠儿。”那位独特的“文化英雄”艾利斯·库柏这样唱道。
可是重大问题仍然是：为什么他成为文化英雄？他，或者当前其他任何成功的摇滚歌星，他们会让我们对他们的歌迷们有些什么了解？对我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了 解？我们的社会现在怎样，过去怎样；将来又会怎样？
补充练习（Supplementary exercises）
Read the following passage and answer the questions: For two years the biospherians held their silence.Locked inside a palatial l l/4-hectare glass-and-steel structure outside Oracle, Arizona—hut connected to the outside world by telephone, television, computer and fax—they heard the reports hinting at scandals and cull connect ions.They read the accusations of scientific fakery.They watched the parade of embarrassing—and sometimes inaccurate— disclosures: the “hidden” food Stash, the duffel bag of covert supplies, the fresh oxygen pumped in from outside.But through it all, almost nothing was heard from the four men and four women living within the $ 150 million prototype space colony called Biosphere 2.Until now.Having completed their sojourn inside the largest self-sustaining ecosystem ever built—and having set a world record for time spent in a sealed environment—the Biospherians were more than ready last Sunday to come back to planet earth, or, as they call it, Biosphere l.Just before their release»they finally began to speak out.For observers outside(including 600 tourists a day who spent as much as $ 12.95 to peer through the glass), it is as if laboratory animals suddenly started to describe life inside the maze.What did they talk about first? Food.From interviews conducted during the last week inside, it is dear that the Biospherians(who lost, on average, 13.5% of their weight)became obsessed with food—with growing it, gathering it, preparing it, consuming it.The plan was that the Biospherians would grow their own abundant supplies of fruit and vegetables.But their garden was designed by the crew's doctor, Roy Walford who advocates longevity through an extremely low-calorie diet.As a result, they were often hungry---a situation that seems to have put everyone but Walford on edge.Tempers flared when the chili sauce got too hot.Crockery got thrown the day peanut rations were announced.A crew member who cooked a distasteful green sauce once too often was warned that the next time it was served he would wear it.There was plenty to get upset about.Two years of unusually cloudy weather cast a pall over the entire operation.The hummingbirds died, and so did the finches.The bees failed to pollinate the squash, and mites feasted on the beans and white potatoes.One crew member, Jane Poynter lost a fingertip in a thresher accident,(she was whisked out for emergency treatment and then returned.)The rest came down with assorted complaints: diarrhea, back pain, eye and urinary-tract infections and a cold that made the rounds until there was no one left to catch it.The crew members were chronically Overworked and, until the oxygen supply was replenished after 16 months, had less and less energy to work with.To liven up the drudgery, they used any excuse to celebrate: a beach party near the ocean habitat, a picnic on a blanket in the savanna, a dress-up party in clothes suddenly two sizes too big.Some of the researchers who ridiculed Biosphere 2.are now making the pilgrimage to Arizona to see why so much oxygen disappeared(apparently some of it was consumed by microbes in the soil and some combined with limestone in the concrete).In five months eight more adventurers who see the power of Biosphere 2 will pass through the.air locks.The period of their confinement has been mercifully cut from two years to one.palatial a.宫殿似的，宏伟的 stash n.存放处，贮藏处 duffel bag 行李袋 hummingbird n.蜂鸟
finch n.雀科鸣禽（如燕雀）
pollinate vt.给……传授花粉 thresher n.脱粒机，打谷者
1.Choose the correct answer according to the content：(1)The Biospherians were suspected of ______.A.being linked to some religious group
B.hiding food supply in the duffel bags C.unknowingly falling victim to commercialism D.being prevented from speaking their mind(2)Biosphere 2 is______.A.an exact copy of Biosphere 1 B.a genuinely self-sustaining ecosystem C.a sealed ecosystem imitating the earth
D.a space colony high above the earth(3)What bothered the Biospherians most seemed to be _____.A.the bad weather
B.the bad diet C.their bad press
D.their bad reputation
(4)The Biospherians must also have been provided _____.A.a new supply of oxygen
B.a new supply of clothes C.a new supply of peanut D.a new supply of crockery(5)Their clothes appeared much too loose-fitting probably because _____.A.they went on a low-calorie diet
B.they lost too much weight C.they suffered from diarrhea D.they attended a dress-up party
I.课后练习答案
A.Answer the following questions on the text: 1.They emphasize the theme of the article and they are appropriate.2.The author attempts to illustrate that there are completely different ideas about Rock Music between the young people and the adult.3.Rock music can express its times.He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4.Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.5.Bob Dylan spoke of civil rights, the Beatles urged peace and piety, and the Rolling Stones demanded revolution.6.Apart from politics, the rock music also deals with feelings.7.They got applause, praise and money.8.No, he hasn’t.He wants the readers to think it carefully.B.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.他说：“贾格尔拿着装有半加仑水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把水洒到前几排狂热的观众身上。
2.你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜？
3.你是不是莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑所吸引，因为他表现出你最疯狂的幻想。4.一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答很能说明你在想些什么，你的社会在想些什么。换句话说，就是可以说明你和社会的态度。
5.只不过是艾尔维斯设法体现了50年代青少年那种失落的精神风貌。6.感情，作为任何音乐形式的一个组成部分，是个永恒的主题。
7.这一乡村气息，赫罗威次感到，帮助听众表达了一种“逃避现实”，“重归往昔”的愿望。
8.在1972年进行的一次全国性民意调查中，有10％以上的高中男生和20％以上的女生把摇滚巨星视为自己的偶像。
C.Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its for when necessary.1.embodied
2.act out
3.sprinkled
4.sweltering
5.idle
6.rejected
7.rather than
8.Reverence D.Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences 1.debating
2.proud
3.mix, blend
4.conceive
5.were dressed 6.idealistic
7.admiration
8.rumbling E.Explain the underlined words in English 1.disgusting, 2.The editor wrote against him.3.the confusion of the old people 4.stress on peace and piety 5.the poems praise the simple joys of life 6.reflect feelings and benefits 7.a place where various ideas are confronted and noisily debated 8.other successful rock stars recently
F.Translate the following into English Rock music began in America in the late 1950' s.It was not only a new musical form, but a debating forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life.In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate.All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society.The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on.They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.G.Write a short passage I agree that rock is the music of the teenage rebellion.First, rock music turns out to be a great attraction mainly to the teenagers rather than to the adults.The super rock star, Elvis Presley was praised and applauded by the younger generation, while he was criticized by editorials, banned by TV networks and refused by the older generation.Second, the rock music was adored and even worshiped mainly by the teenagers rather than by adults.Alice Cooper’s ending of his act by pretending to end his life with a guillotine was considered marvelous by a young girl dressed in black.Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie went to attend the rock concert, while his parents didn't, who thought Alice Cooper was sick and find it hard to bear his singing.According to one national opinion poll conducted in 1972, more than 10% of high school boys and 20% of the girls regarded a super rock Star as their hero.补充练习答案
1.1.B
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.B
Lesson Two
Four Choices for Young People
背景知识（Background knowledge）
Stanford University It is a private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Stanford, California.It was founded in 1885 by Leiand and Jane Stanford, after the death of their only child.Stanford maintains branch campuses in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and England.About half of its undergraduates study overseas at them for six-month periods.Advanced-study centres are maintained in Japan, Taiwan, and several other countries.The departments of the university are organized into schools of law, medicine, education, engineering, business, earth sciences, and humanities and sciences.The students, nearly equally divided between undergraduates and graduates.课文要义（Main idea of the text）
The author points out such kinds of social problems as social disorder, poverty, injustice and war.The young generation is doubtful and dissatisfied with the society.They take various ways to express their attitudes and beliefs.Some of them drop out of the traditional society and refuse to take any social responsibility, living an undignified kind of parasitic life.Some of them flee from cities, living a primitive life in the desolated country.Some of them even try to change the society by force.Even though they might succeed eventually, they cannot make their dreams realized, but only to resume the old way of life under a new name of the state.The best choice for the young people to make is to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.词汇（Vocabulary）
1.expedient n.means of achieving an aim 权宜之计，应急手段
adj.to be useful for a purpose 有用，可取
They resorted to various expedients to get the money together.他们采取了各种应急办法筹款。
Aspirin is useful expedient for dulling minor pain.阿司匹林是缓解较轻疼痛的有用应急药物。
In times of war governments do things because they are expedient.战争时期政府做一些事情，是因其有利。
expedience(cy)n.suitability for a purpose 适宜，有利
Act from expedience, not from principle.因有利而行事，并非根据原则。2.distasteful adj.disagreeable, unpleasant 讨厌的，令人不快的 distasteful behavior 讨厌的行为
a distasteful incident 使人不快的事 It is distasteful to me to have to say this.我不得不这样说，使我很不愉快。distaste n.dislike 不喜欢，讨厌
He turned away in distaste.他厌恶地转过脸。3.symbolize v.make use of a symbol for 象征 Dove symbolizes peace.鸽子象征着和平。
The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower.那诗人用花象征他的爱人。
symbol n.image or object that suggests sth.else 象征，标志 The lion is the symbol of courage.狮子是勇武的象征。
symbolic adj.using a symbol 象征(性)的
The cross is symbolic of Christianity.十字架是基督教的象征。
4.contribute v.give one’s share of(money, help, advice, etc.)to help a joint cause, 捐助，贡献
Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.人人都应尽自己的能力作贡献。
The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to the discussion.主席鼓励大家参与讨论。5.disillusionment n.freedom from illusions 幻灭，醒悟
disillusionment of Americans with the American way of life 美国人对美国生活方式的幻灭
The best young men in their disillusionment will drift to other jobs.最优秀的青年在失望之余将离职去干别的工作。
disillusion v.set free from mistaken beliefs 使觉醒，使幻想破灭
They had thought that the new colony would be a paradise, but they were soon disillusioned.他们原以为新殖民地是一个天堂，但不久便从幻想中觉醒。
6.accomplish v.succeed in doing sth., finish successfully 实现，完成
He is a man who will never accomplish anything.他是一个永远一事无成的人。
We can accomplish whatever you can accomplish, and with better results.你们能做到的事情，我们也能做到，而且会做得更好。7.remedy
v.put or make right(anything bad)纠正，补救
The situation could not be remedied.情况已无可挽救。
We are prepared to do whatever necessary to remedy the losses.我们准备采取一切措施弥补损失。
n.a way of curing(pain or disease);a way of setting right(anything bad)消除病痛的治疗；纠正不良事物的方法
I often use herbal remedies.我常用草药治病。
He found a remedy for his grief in constant hard work.他找到了排忧解愁的方法，就是一刻不停地努力工作。
8.loom v.appear in an indistinct and often threatening way;appear important or threatening 隐约出现（显得令人生畏）；显得重要或令人生畏
The mountains loomed blue-green over the valley.影影绰绰的苍翠山峦俯视着山谷。
The prospect of war loomed large in everyone’s mind.战争将起的庞大阴影威慑人心。9.clutter v.fill or cover sth.in an untidy way 胡乱填满、塞满
Don’t clutter up my desk.I’ve just tidied it.不要在我的书桌上乱放东西，我刚收拾好。
His head is cluttered with useless facts.他满脑子杂七杂八的闲事。10.dwindle v.become gradually less or smaller 逐渐变少或变小
Their savings have dwindled away to nothing.他们的存款已减少到分文不剩。
My voice dwindled into silence.我的声音越来越弱，最后一点也听不见了。短语(Expressions)1.do without:(oft.Used with can and could)manage without sb./ sth.没有也行
He can’t do without the service of a secretary.他不能没有秘书的协助
If we can’t afford a car, we’ll just have to do without one.我们要是买不起车，也就只好不用了。
2.strike sb.as sth.: have an effort on sb.;impress sb.对某人产生效果；给人留下印象
The plan strikes me as ridiculous.我觉得这个计划荒谬可笑。
The house strikes you as welcoming when you go in.这所房子一进去就感到很舒服。
3.drop out(of sth.): withdraw from conventional society;leave school, etc.without finishing one’s courses 脱离传统社会；中途退学
Hippies dropped out completely.嬉皮士们完全逃避社会现实。
She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later.她得到了剑桥大学的奖学金，但一年以后就退学了。
4.come off:(of a plan, scheme, etc.): have the intended effect or result;take place 成功；达到预期目标
His attempt to break the world record really came off.他想要打破世界记录，也接近成功。
The film doesn’t quite come off.这部电影不很成功。5.cleanse sb.of sth.: make thoroughly clean 彻底清洗
She felt cleansed of her sin after confession.她忏悔之后觉得自己的罪洗清了。
The minister’s soothing words cleansed my heart of guilt.牧师的一席话消除了我的负罪感。6.break down: collapse;cease to function because of a mechanical or electrical fault;lose control of one’s feelings 瓦解；失效；感情失控
Our car broke down on the freeway.我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.他听了这个消息，不禁失声痛哭起来。7.down on sb.: gradually become clear to someone’s mind;become evident to sb.逐渐明白
It finally dawned on me that he had been lying.最后我才明白他一直在撒谎。
The truth finally dawned on him.他最终明白了真相。8.on one’s hands:
resting on ones as a responsibility 有本人负责
She has a large family on her hands.她有许多子女要照顾。
He has got much time on his hands.他有许多时间可以自由支配。9.for all: in spite of;despite 尽管
For all you say, I think she’s the best teacher we’ve got.不管你怎么说，我仍然认为她是我们最好的老师。
He has great power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that.他有钱有势，尽管如此他并不愉快。
10.run out of sth）:(of a supply of sth.)be used up, finished;(of a person)use up or finish 用完，耗尽
We are running out of petrol.我们的汽油快用完了。
Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。
11.batten on sb./ sth.thrive or live well at the expense of sb./ sth.损及别人或某物以利己
She avoided having to work by battening on her rich relatives.她仗着她那有钱的亲戚而不必工作，得以坐享清福。
The capitalists batten on the blood of the workers.资本家靠榨取工人的血汗养肥自己。
词语辨析(Word analysis)1.sight, glance
sight: n.ability to see;action of seeing 视力；看见
Some drugs can affect your sight.有些药物会影响视力。
Their first sight of land came after ten days at sea.他们在海上十天之后首次看到陆地。glance: n.quick look 一瞥
She walked off without a glance in my direction.她扬长而去，都不朝我这儿看一眼。2.relevant, relative
relevant: connected with what is being discussed, what is happening, what is being done 有关的，切题的
the facts relevant to the case 与案件有关的事实
I don’t think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.我认为他的话不切我们的议题。relative: having a connection with sth;referring to sth.与某事有关的，涉及某事的 the facts relative to the problem 与问题有关的事实
Keep your comments relative to what is under discussion.把你的发言集中在正在讨论的问题上。
区别：relevant 可用作定语，如：a highly relevant suggestion 密切相关的建议
relative 作定语只用于语法术语，如：a relative pronoun 关系代词 3.exasperate, exhi;arate
exasperate: irritate or annoy(sb.)greatly 激怒，恼怒
That child exasperated me.那孩子让我很生气。
She was exasperated at / by his stupidity.她因为他愚笨而发怒。exhilarate: make sb.feel very happy or lively 使人愉快或活跃
We felt exhilarated by our walk along the beach.我们沿着海滩散步感到心旷神怡。
4.noisome, noisy
noisome: offensive, disgusting 令人不快的，令人讨厌的
They are most noisome politicians of that century.他们是那个世纪最令人厌恶的政客。
noisy: full of noise 喧闹的，嘈杂的
I can’t work in here----it’s far too noisy.我无法在这里工作，太吵了。5.live, inhabit
live: vi.make one’s home 居住，住
live at home, in London, in a flat 住在家中，伦敦，公寓
inhabit: vt.live in, occupy 居住于，占据
He inhabited a small two-room flat.他住在一套两室的小公寓里。6.clutter, jumble
clutter: fill or cover sth.in an untidy way 胡乱地塞满或覆盖
Don’t clutter（up）my desk----I’ve just tidied it.不要在我的书桌上乱放东西，我刚收拾好。jumble: mix in a confused way 胡乱混在一起
Toys, books, shoes and clothes were jumbled(up)on the floor.玩具，书，鞋，衣服都杂乱地堆在地上。8.appeal, attraction
appeal: ① earnest request 恳求，呼吁 ② attractiveness, interest 吸引力，兴趣
The mayor launched an appeal the public to give blood to the victims of the disaster.市长向公众呼吁为灾难的受害者献血。
This kind of music hasn’t much appeal for me.这种音乐对我没什么吸引力。
attraction: action or power of attracting 吸引，吸引力
The television has little attraction for me.电视对我没什么吸引力。9.wholesome, healthy
wholesome: good for one’s health or well-being 有益于健康的 plain but wholesome meals 清淡而有益于健康的饭菜
Milk is very wholesome.牛奶对健康大有好处。
healthy: having good health 健康的
a healthy child, tree 健康的孩子，茁壮的树木
难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
1.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.It’s obvious that he states the views of a lot of people of his time.显然他道出了许多同龄人的看法。
2.The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running things.Probably it is caused by the adults who have been controlling the world.对此承担责任的应该是那些一直掌管大事的成年人。3.This strategy also has ancient antecedents.Our ancestors also conducted this practice to run away from cities.这种策略也有古老的先例。
4.A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life---but in general the stream of migration of flowing the other way.Only some rich men can escape to the countryside.They own farms but hire others to do most of farming.But generally speaking people are moving in a large number from the countryside to the cities.尽管有少数富有的乡绅仍可逃离城市，遁入田园，但总的迁徙趋势还是从乡村到城市。5.It has the even greater appeal of simplicity: “Since this society is hopelessly bad, let’s smash it and build something better on the ruins.”
This strategy is simple so that it has the even greater attraction.As this society is ruined without any hope, we’d rather destroy it and build a better one instead.这一策略由于简单，因此具有更大的吸引力：“既然这个社会已经坏到毫无希望的地步，那就让我们砸碎它，在它的废墟上建起一个更加美好的世界。”
6.Instead it dawns on a familiar, workaday place, still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.Instead people still take up the work as before, need the same food to live on and the same waste disposal.胜利的曙光还是洒在一个熟悉的，平凡庸碌的地方，仍需要食品杂货和污水处理的地方。7.At first glance, this course is far from inviting.When examined for the first time, this way is lacking in attraction.乍一看，这一途径毫无吸引力。
8.So Jim Binns’ generation has a formidable job on its hands.But not, I think, an insuperable one.So Jim Binns’ generation has a difficult job to cope with.But I don’t think it can’t be overcome.因此吉姆·宾斯这一代人肩负着极其艰巨的任务，但我认为这并不是无法完成的任务。
课文翻译(Translation of the text)
年轻人的四种选择
斯坦福大学毕业班班主席吉姆·索斯怨他毕业化不久给我写了一封信，谈了他的一些疑虑。信上说：“我们这一代比其他任何一代人都更加以怀疑的态度来看待这个成人世界„„而且也越来越倾向于完全否定那个世界。”
很显然他的话代表了他的许多同龄人的看法。在过去他几年中，我倾听过大学内外许多个年轻人的谈话，他们对成人世界同样感到不安。大致说来，他们的态度可以归纳如下：“这个世界一片混乱，充满了不公正，贫穷和战争。对此承担责任的应该是那些一直在掌管大事的成年人。如果他们做得不好，他们又能拿什么来教育我们这一代人呢？我们不需要这类教导也行。”
我觉得这些结论是合情合理，至少以他们的观点来看是这样。对于成长中的一代人来说，与此相关的问题不是我们的社会是不是不完美（我们可以视此为理所当然），而是如何来对待它。尽管这个社会严酷且不合理，但它毕竟是我们所拥有的唯一的世界。因此年青 人所要做的第一个决定就是选择一种策略来对付这个世界，通常这也是他们一生中最重要的一个决定。就我所能看到的，只有四种基本选择：
一、脱离社会
这是最古老的办法之一，任何年龄的人，在任何地方，无论用不用幻觉剂都可以使用这种方法。那些觉得这个世界太残酷、大复杂，因而无法忍受的人总是选择这种策略。按其含义来说，这种生活方式是寄生性的，奉行此道的人蔑视这个社会并拒不承担任何社会责任，却以这样或那样的方法依赖社会过寄生生活。我们中的一些人对此感到厌恶——认为这是一种不体面的生活，但对于既缺乏精力又缺少自尊的精神懦弱者来说，这可能是现有的最能忍受的选择。
二、逃避现实
这种策略也有其古老的先例。自从有了文明以来，就有许多人试图逃离文明世界，希望能找到一种比较朴素的。宣言田园风俗的，更安宁的生活。与脱离社会者不同，他们不是寄生者，他们愿意自食其力，并为集体做出点贡献，但是他们就是不喜欢文明的世界，也就是说不喜欢那充满丑恶与紧张的大城市。
这一解决方式的问题在于它已不能大规模地加以实践。令人遗憾的是我们的星球上高尚的野蛮人与未被法污的自然风光越来越少。除了极地地区，未开发的地方已无处可觅。少数特别富有的乡绅还能遁入田园生活，但是总的说来迁移的潮流是在向相反的方向流动，即从乡村流向城市。
三、策划革命
对无法容忍民主决策过程的单调沉闷的运作方式，或者相信只有武力才能改变基本 制度的人来说，这一策略总是很受欢迎。它吸引着每一代青年人中较为积极，较具理想主义的人。对于他们来说，这种策略具有传奇色彩，通常以某个英勇无比，魅力超凡的人物为其象征。
这一策略由于简单，因此具有更大的吸引力：“既然这个社会已经坏到毫无希望的地步，那就让我们砸碎它，在它的废墟上建起一个更加美好的世界。”
在我最好的朋友中有些是革命者，其中一些人过着心满意足的生活。这些人的革命并未成功，他们还可以继续兴致勃勃地策划他们的屠杀，直到老朽。还有些人英年早逝，死在监狱里，或暴尸街头。但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人，他们活在幻想的破灭之中，看到他们建立新机构与他们所推翻的旧机构一样冷酷无情，死气沉沉。
当然，我并不是说革命都一无所成，有些革命（美国革命，法国革命）确实使事物有所改进。我要说的只是无论成败与否，干革命的理想主义者注定要失望，因为即使在最好的情况下，他们胜利的曙光也从未照耀在他们梦想的，清除了人类一切卑鄙行经的灿烂的新世界上，而是洒在一个熟悉的，平凡庸碌的地方，仍需要食品杂货和污水处理的地方。无论在什么样的政治标签下，革命的国家也得由营销，卫生工程，官僚机构的行家们去治理，而不是由那些激进的浪漫主义者们去治理。
对于决心寻求更加可行的方法改造社会，而不是通过武装革命的理想主义者来说，还有另外一种选择。
四、力图逐渐改变世界，一次改造一点
乍一看，这一途径毫无吸引力。它缺乏魅力，收效不快。它依靠的工具是恼人的、不可靠的说服与民主决策。它需要耐心，而人们往往缺乏耐心。这种方法唯一的长处是有时真起作用——在一个特定的时间和地点，与其他可选的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行为。
至少历史上的证据似乎证明了这一点。在我大学毕业的时候，我们那一代人也发现世界一团糟，几乎在所有的地方经济体制崩溃。整个国家，大约有四分之一的人口失业，一场大战似乎在所难免。当时我作为大学报纸的编辑，也像今天的学生积极分子一样，强烈反对这一切。
同时，我们那一代人也逐渐发现，改造世界就像在亚平宁山区打仗，你刚占领一条山脉，另一条山脉又在你面都赫然耸现。三十年代的大问题刚刚有所控制，新的问题又取而代之：富裕社会中出现的新问题，如种族平等、保持城市适于居住、对付在陌生的伪装下的战争等问题。最令人不安的是我们发现的人口爆炸问题。我们突然间明白了在我们所居住的尤如一艘小小的宇宙飞船的星球上，乘客数目大约每四十年翻一番。只要地球上的人口不停地以这种似癌细胞增长的速度增加，那么其它一切问题便根本无法解决。我们的城市将继续变得更加拥挤喧嚣，景色将变得更加混乱，空气和水变得更脏。对每个人来说，生活质量都可能会持续恶化。而如果过多的人不得不为不断减少的食物份额与生存空间进行斗争的话，那么战争的升级看来是不可避免的。
因此吉姆·宾斯这一代人肩负着极其艰巨的任务，但我认为这并不是无法完成的任务。过去的事实证明，可以用以前对付困难问题的同样方法来处理这个问题——通过许多人的不懈努力，一点一点地，注重实效地加以解决。
补充练习（Supplementary exercises）
“Islamic law is very good for the equality of woman,” said Dr.Badria al-Awadhi, Kuwait’s first woman law professor, “but the people who interpret the Islamic law are men.And they try to do it in a way that is right for them and not for us.”
“Us” are the women of Kuwait, many of whom are becoming educated, some of whom have professional careers, and none of whom is allowed to vote.Like women in other westernizing Third World societies, Kuwaiti females are demanding their rights and overturning conventions.But in a country where until recently women were shrouded behind black veils, progress can be agonizingly slow.“We are the sacrificial generation, ”Dr.al-Awadhi said.“We wanted to prove ourselves as women, that we are equal, that we could do the same job as men.But at the same time, we lost one thing—the family.Most of us in this position, I could say, are not married.”
Dr.Badria al-Awadhi, the first female dean of Kuwait University's School of 1aw and Shariah(Islamic law), is in a profession totally dominated by men.At 35, she is responsible for a law.school faculty of 42 men.With a doctorate in international law and a wide record of publications, Dr.al-Awadhi said her male colleagues, many of whom are non-Kuwaitis, didn't resist that much.But like all pioneers, she paid a price.“I feel that I gave up making my own family for my degree,” said the doctor of law at her desk in the cavernous office.“I had to balance two things—a husband and children or this career.I prefer to be a career woman.Men my age didn't want to marry a woman who was on the same level as them,” she said while her two male secretaries brought papers to sign.“ They took those lower than them.Society in the Arab east looked on a man very badly if his wife was on the same level as him.” Educated women even found difficulties with prospective mothers-in-law.“When you marry here, you marry the whole family,” said Dr.al-Awadhi.“The husband usually took the wife to live with his family.So if you're a man and you have a very educated wife and your mother doesn't know how to read—well, it is very difficult.” The problems she faced may not confront Dr.al-Awadhi's female students.Females make up 51 percent of Kuwait University's students, and they attend classes wearing the latest fashions of Paris and Rome.“Before, a man had to choose between educated and non-educated, ”Dr.al-Awadhi said.“Now almost all young women are educated.A man doesn't have choice anymore.” Dr.al-Awadhi was one of six children of a wealthy Kuwaiti trader, who died when she was young.Her elder brother, now Kuwait's minister of health(1980), pushed her and her sisters to take up a profession.When the parliament is in session.Dr.al-Awadhi lobbies the all-male leadership of Kuwait to grant women the right to vote and hold office.Islamic a.伊斯兰教的
Kuwaiti a.科威特的n.科威特人 shroud v.覆盖，掩蔽 cavernous a.洞穴状的
lobby
v.对（议员等）进行疏通活动
1.Choose the correct answer according to content:(1)This article is about____.A.Islamic life in modern-day Kuwait B.social changes in Kuwait C.problems faced by professional women in Kuwait D.education in Kuwait
(2)Why is Dr.Badria al-Awadhi referred to as a pioneer? A.Because she is one of the first highly educated Kuwaiti women.B.Because she has an adventurous spirit.C.Because she is not afraid to try new things.D.Because she was a wealthy Kuwaiti trader's daughter(3)Why do you think the writer mentions that female students today “attend classes wearing the latest fashions-of Pairs and Rome”?
A.To show that they are well dressed.B.To show that other social customs are changing, too.C.To show how wealthy Kuwaitis are.D.To show that many overseas goods are sold 'in Kuwait.(4)Which statement is NOT true?
A.Social customs in Kuwait are changing.B.There is resistance to social change in Kuwait.C.Women in Kuwait will not obtain equality very soon.D.Social change occurs quickly.(5)The writer of this article is ______.A.sympathetic to educated Kuwaiti women B.sympathetic to the position of Kuwaiti men
C.critical of the position of educated women in Kuwait.D.subjective to the social change in-Kuwait
课后练习答案
A.l.They think that the world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war.2.“Drop out” means rejecting conventional social values and withdrawing from social responsibilities.The drupouts lead a parasitic way of life because they batten on the society and in which they take no responsibility.3.Unlike the dropouts, they are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community.4.Because our planet is running Out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.5.Those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.6.Because they lived, in bitter disillusionment, to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as hard-faced and stuffy.7.Such as problems of racial justice, of keeping cities from becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar guises and of population explosion.8.The fourth alternative is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.The author favors this alternative because it sometimes brings about the desired result.B.1．很显然他所说的代表了许多同龄人的想法。
2．在过去的几年中，戏听到过许多大学内外的年轻人的谈话，对于成人世界，他们也有同感。
3．他们愿意自食其力，并对社会大众做些贡献。他们不喜欢文明的环境，也就是说，不喜欢那种丑恶、紧张的城市生活。
4．一些极富有的乡绅可以回到农村的田园生活。
5．对他们来说，这有一种传奇的色彩，通常是以某个有闯劲、魁力超凡的人物为代表。
6．即使革命成功，他们胜利的曙光也从未照耀在他们梦想的，清除了人类一切卑鄙行经的灿烂的新世界上。
7．革命的机器、无论贴上什么样的政治标签，还得由市场销售，卫生工程、官僚机构的行家们来操作，而不是由那些极端的浪漫主义者们去操作。
8．这种方法的唯一优点是，它有时真的有效，——在一个特定的时间和地点，与其他可选的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行为。
C.1.satisfying
2.cleansed
3.symbolize
4.ran out of
5.striking
6.insoluble
7.disappointed
8.virtually
D.1.glance
2.relative
3.exasperated
4.noisome
5.inhabited
6.cluttered
7.ideal
8.appeal E.1.were just as nervous about the American society'.run by adults 2.they are not the person supported by society and gtvirig it nothing in return.3.also has its practitioners in the old days 4.all its unpleasant and nervous things 5.their victory never begins to grow light on the sliming new world 6.this strategy is not attractive at all
7.putting right some of the world's extreme violence or cruelty than any other strategy can be found
.8.another one appears great just before you.F.The American young people in the 1960's belonged to a rebellious generation.They saw that America, the affluent society was full of poverty, inequality and hypocrisy.They didn't believe in this adult world which did not belong to them, and refused to follow its beliefs and values.Many young people took active part in the wars against poverty, against racial discrimination and against Vietnam War.Some young people even attempted to overthrow the establishment by force.While many other young people expressed their disaffection in a passive way, and they.used drugs, lived a parasitic life without taking any responsibility in society, or escaped to the unspoiled country to live a rather primitive communal life.G.The fourth choice for young people to make is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.I agree with the author that this alternative lacks attraction at first glance.It promises no quick results and has to rely on the annoying and uncertain persuasion from agents and democratic decision making.It requires patience, which people are always short of.But in a particular time and place it does work.It is more likely to overcome some of the social problems than any other available choice.As we know, one has to lead a rather undignified life, if he makes the choice to drop out to live a parasitic life.It's no longer practical if one chooses to flee and to have a more primitive way of life.And those in favor of armed revolution are destined to feel disappointed whether they succeed or not.Since revolution can not eventually bring forth a bright future they dreamed of.What I disagree with the author is that in a particular time and place —— only an armed revolution can work which has been evidenced by the May-Forth Movement against the feudal system in the 1920s.And it's also evidenced by the Anti-Japanese War in the 1940s.补充练习答案
1.1.C
2.A
3.B
4.D
5.A
Lesson Three
The Use of Force Background knowledge
William Carlos Williams American poet, who was one of the leading 20th century literary figures in the United States., His father was a British businessman and mother of French and Spanish extraction.He was educated at the Horace Mann School in New York City and in Switzerland before attending the university of Pennsylvania, from which, he received a medical degree in 1906.While still a practicing physician,.Williams achieved international fame as a prolific writer of poetry, fiction and critical essays that earned him a leading and influential position in contemporary American literature.Unlike the imagists, in whose publications his poems first came to public notice, Williams leaned strongly from the beginning on American material and on a diction and free material rhythm modeled on American speech.Williams' In the American Grain(1925)analyzed the American character and culture through essays on historical figures.Three novels form a trilogy about a family--White Mule(1937), In the Money(1940), and The Build-Up(1952).Among his notable short stories are “Jean Beicke,” “A Face of Stone,” and “The Farmers' Daughters.” His play A Dream of Love(published 1948)was produced in off-Broadway and academic theatres.Williams' Autobiography appeared in 1951, and in 1963 he was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize in poetry for his Pictures from Brueghel, and Other Poems(1962).William Carlos Williams, by the poet Reed Whittemore, was published in 1975.Main idea of the Text Mathilda's parents doted on her very much, which formed , her capricious disposition.The girl did not see terrible result of diphtheria, she refused to be found her condition of disease by the doctor.She tried to resist the doctor' s examination.The intransigent reaction of the doctor resulted from his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor as well as the challenge of his respect.词汇(Vocabulary)1.startle: v.give a shock of surprise to, cause to move or jump 使吃惊，惊动
She was startled to see him looking so sad.看到他这么悲伤,使她大为吃惊。
The sound of the gun fire startled the pigeons.枪声惊起鸽子。
2.apologetic: a.making an apology, expressing regret 道歉的，表示歉意的He was apologetic for coming late.他为迟到而表示歉意。
He was sincerely apologetic about his mistake.他对自己的错误由衷地感到愧疚。
与apologetic同词根的词有：
apologize: v.道歉
You should apologize to your classmate for being rude.由于你的无礼，应该向同学道歉。
apology: n.道歉
You should make an apology to your sister because you are wrong.因为你错了，必须向你姐姐道歉。3.motion 1)v.indicate by a gesture 打手势示意
He motioned to me to come near.他打手势叫我再走近一些。
I approached him, but he motioned me away.我走近他，但他挥手叫我走开。2）n.① moving 运动，移动
If a thing is in motion, it is not at rest.如果一个物体在运动中，它就不在静止中。
② particular movement If you watch my motions carefully you will see how the trick is performed.如果你仔细看我的动作，你就会明白这个戏法是怎么变的。
4.coax: v.persuade sb.gently or gradually 劝诱，哄劝
The clerk is always able to coax the customers into good humor.那个售货员总是能够把顾客哄得高高兴兴的。
She coaxed him out of his bad temper.她循循善诱地劝他改掉坏脾气。5.approach 1)v.come near to 走近，接近
As summer approached, the weather became hotter.夏天渐近，天气变得热了。
As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church.接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。
2)n.act of approaching;way, method 接近；方法
The enemy ran away at our approach.当我们接近时，敌人就逃跑了。
When learning a foreign language, the best approach is the study of the spoken language.学习外语最好的方法是学口语。
6.embarrass: v.make to feel awkward or ashamed;hinder the movement of 使窘困；阻碍
He had been highly embarrassed by his confession.这一供认使他极其难堪。
Wearing a long robe embarrassed his movements.穿一件长袍使他行动不便。
7.admonish: vt.give a mild warning or a gentle reproof to；advise seriously 婉转警告，训诫；劝告
The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.老师责备学生们懒惰。
She admonished us to seek professional help.她劝我们向专业人员求助。
同词根的词有：
admonition: n.admonitory: a.8.contemptible: a.deserving or provoking contempt 可鄙的，卑劣的That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.对朋友耍花招是卑鄙的。
Speaking ugly gossip is contemptible.说别人坏话是可鄙的。同词根的词有：
contempt: v.轻视
contemptuous: a.显示轻蔑的
9.ensue: v.happen later, follow as a result 随后发生，续起
After the heavy rains, flood ensue.暴雨之后就发生了水灾。
It was too late to stop the panic that ensued from the false news report.制止由这次虚假新闻报导而引起的恐慌已为时太晚.10.apprehension: n.① anxiety about the future, fear 忧虑, 恐惧
I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow.我对明天的面试感到有些担心。
② comprehension 理解
Quickness of apprehension is a mark of good student.敏捷的领悟是一个好学生的标志。同词根的词有： apprehend: v apprehensive: a.11.critical: a ① of or at a crisis 在危急关头
We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处在我们历史的危急时刻。② of the work of a critic 批评的
Why are you so critical of everything I wear? 你为什么对我穿的每件衣服都这么挑剔。12.desist:(formal)cease 停止
They ought to desist from such foolish activities.他们应该停止这种愚蠢的活动。
The judge told the man to desist from threatening his wife.法官责令那人别再威胁他的妻子。
短语(Expressions)1.up to sb.: required, looked upon as necessary;one’s duty 应由某人……；某人的职责
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽全力给予他们协助。
It is up to parents to teach their children manners.父母应该教育他们的孩子懂礼貌。2.in profusion: in great supply, abundance 大量的，丰富的
He makes promises in profusion, but never realizes them.他做过许多许诺，但从未实现。
Everything was there in such profusion that we did not know what to take.那里样样东西都很多，我们不知拿什么好。
3.If only: 引起惊叹句，后面用虚拟语气，从句动词使用相当于陈述语气的过去或过去将来时态。
If only I had listened to your advice.我要是听了你的建议就好了。If only the letter had arrived in time.信要及时到了就好了。4.break in, put in: interrupt 插话，插嘴
Please don’t break in on our conversation.请不要打断我们的谈话。
May I put in a word or two? 我可以插一两句话吗？
5.on the chance that / of doing sth.: in views of the possibility, in the hope: 也许能够，或许能够
I’ll call at his office on the chance of seeing him before he leaves.我将到办公室去访他，希望能在他下班前见到他。
Take an umbrella on the chance it might rain.带上伞，也许会下雨。6.as / so long as: on condition that, provided that 只要，如果
As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.只要你高兴，你做什么事都没关系。
You may borrow the book so long as you don’t lend it to anyone else.只要你不借给别人，你可以借这本书。
7.hold down: control, keep down or under 控制，压制
We must hold prices down.我们必须控制物价。
Slave owners held slaves down before the emancipation.奴隶获得解放之前受奴隶主的压迫。8.reduce to: change to, bring to certain condition 使某人陷入某种状态。
Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck.他过度劳累而损害了健康。
The teacher reduced the noisy students to order.老师使吵闹的学生恢复秩序。词语辨析(Word analysis)1.terrifying, terrified, terrific terrifying: filling with terror 令人恐怖的 That must have been a terrifying experience.那一定是一段可怕的经历。
terrified: feeling terror, very afraid 感到害怕的I’m terrified at the prospect of being alone in the house.我要是自己一个人呆在一所房子里就很害怕。
terrific: very great, excellent 很大的，极好的There is a terrific new restaurant in South Street.南大街新开了一家极好的饭店。2.admonish, coax admonish: give a mild but firm warning;advise seriously 温和而严正地警告；告诫 The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.老师责备男生懒惰。
coax: persuade gently or gradually 哄劝
He coaxed her into letting him take her to the cinema.他哄得她同意带她去电影院。3.contemptuous, contemptible contemptuous: feeling or showing contempt 鄙视的，表示轻蔑的 He threw it away with a contemptuous gesture.他带着不屑一顾的样子把它扔了。contemptible: deserving contempt 可鄙的，That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.这是对朋友玩弄的卑鄙的手段。4.apprehension, distrust apprehension: anxiety about the future, fear 忧虑，担心 I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow.我对明天的面试感到有些担心。
distrust: lack of trust, suspicion 不信任，怀疑
Negotiation between union and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust.工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信任而愈加困难。5.excuse, apology excuse: reason given to explain one’s act 借口，辩解 He’s always making excuses for being late.他迟到总是有借口。
apology: statement of regret for doing sth.wrong 道歉，认错 I made my apologies and left early.我道过歉后便提前离去。6.desist, resist desist: stop, cease 停止，结束
I wish he’d desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night.但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友。
resist: use force in order to prevent sth happening, oppose 抵抗，对抗 He told us to get ready to resist the enemy attack.他让我们做好准备，抵抗敌人的进攻。7.spend, expend spend: give or pay out money for goods, services, etc.用钱，花钱 She spends too much on clothes.她在衣着上花费太大。
expend: spend or use up 用掉，耗费掉
They had already expended six thousand dollars in advertisement.他们在广告上已经用掉了六千美元。
难句理解（Sentence comprehension）1.The child was fairly eating me up…
She looked at the doctor up and down carefully and intently.孩子上上下下仔细地打量着我。
2.I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure.I just started by asking a question which I guessed might be the problem.我常常根据猜测可能出现的问题进行提问。3.I might be able to get somewhere.I might be able to get some results.我也许还能有点进展。
4.She surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.She was terrified of me, her efforts to resist my examination of her throat became so mad and violent.出于对我的恐惧，孩子抵制检查的疯狂努力达到了惊人的程度。5.I tried to hold myself down.I tried to control my temper.我尽力克制自己的怒气。
6.But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives.Both the blind fury and the feeling of adult shame were caused by a longing to release his physical energy.可是那种想释放体能的渴望产生出一种非理智的、无法控制的愤怒与成人受辱时的感觉使我继续下去。
课文翻译(Translation of the text)
强制就医 威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯
他们是我的新病人，我所知道的就是这个名字，奥尔逊。请您尽快到我家来，我的女儿病得很厉害。
我到达时，一脸惊恐的母亲迎接我，她衣着整洁，怀着歉意，只问了一声，您是医生吧，便把我让进了屋。在房子的里间，她又说，请原谅，医生，我们让孩子呆在厨房里，那里很暖和，屋里有时很潮湿。
孩子穿得很严实，坐在离餐桌不远处父亲的大腿上。父亲试图站起来，但我示意他不必了。我脱了外衣开始检查。我能看得出他们都很紧张，用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我。通常在这种情况下，除非必须，他们不会对我讲得太多，得由我来告诉他们，这就是他们为什么付给我三美元检查费的原因。
小孩用冷漠的，坚定的目光上下使劲地打量我，她的脸上没有任何表情。她没有动，内心显得很平静，是个出奇漂亮的小东西，从外表上看她壮得像头小母牛。但是她的脸色通红，呼吸急促，我意识到她在发高烧。她长着满头漂亮的金发，就和经常出现在广告插页或周日报纸的图片版上的图片娃娃一样漂亮可爱。
她已经发烧三天了，父亲开始说道，我们不知道她是怎么得的病，我妻子给她吃了点药，你知道，就像别人那样做的，可是一点用也没有。附近生病的人很多，所以我们认为你最好给她检查一下，看她得了什么病。
作为医生，我常常根据猜测可能出现的问题提问。她嗓子痛吗？
她父母一起回答，不，不，她说她的嗓子不疼。
你的嗓子疼吗，母亲又问了孩子一遍。小女孩的表情依旧，目光仍盯在我的脸上。
你看过了吗？
母亲说，我试过，可是看不见。
其实这个孩子所在的学校那个月发生了多起白喉病例，很显然我们都已想到了这一点，尽管谁都没有提到这件事。
我说，来，让我们先来看看嗓子吧。我以医生最友好的态度微笑着问孩子的名字，并说道，来，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴让我们看看你的嗓子。
小孩没有任何反应。
唉，来吧，我哄劝着说，只是把你的嘴张大让我看一下。你看，我说着张开了两手，我手里什么也没拿，只是张开嘴让我看一下。
多好的人啊，母亲说到，看他对你多好呀，快点，照他说的办，他不会伤害你的。
我极度厌恶此举，要是他们不用“伤害”这个词，我也许还能有点进展。但我没让自己显得慌乱，而是平静地，不慌不忙地说着话，再次接近小孩。
当我把椅子稍微靠近一点的时候，她突然间以猫一般敏捷的动作，双手本能地抓向我的眼睛，几乎够到了，实际上她把我的眼镜打飞了，尽管没碎，还是掉在离我几尺远的厨房地板上。
小孩父母尴尬得不得了，连忙抱歉。你这个坏孩子，母亲抓着她的一只胳膊，一边摇晃，一边说道，看你干了些什么，这个好的人„„
看在上帝的份上，我打断她的话，别对她说我是什么好人。我在这儿看她的嗓子是因为她很可能得了白喉病，可能会因此而死。可是她不在乎这个。听着，我对孩子说，我们想看看你的嗓子，你已经够大了，能明白我所说的话了。你是自己张开嘴还是让我们帮你张开呢？
她还是不动，甚至连她的表情也没变。而她的呼吸则变得越来越急促。接着一场斗争就开始了，我不得不这么做。为了保护她我得弄到她的咽喉分泌物培养。可我首先告诉孩子的父母这完全取决于他们。我解释了这种病的危险性，并说只要他们能对此负责，我就不会坚持要检查她的嗓子。
如果你不照医生的话做，那你就得上医院了，母亲严厉地告诫她。
是的，我微笑着，毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个任性的小家伙，对她的父母我是有些看不起。在接下来的这场斗争中，他们变得越来越无可奈何、无能为力、精疲力竭。出于对我的恐惧，孩子对检查的抗拒达到极度疯狂的程度。
父亲尽了全力。他个子高大，可这是他的女儿，虽然对她的行为感到羞愧，但又怕弄疼了她，所以每次在我就要成功的关键时刻，他就松开女儿，气得我真想宰了他。由于他担心孩子可能得了白喉，又让我继续，尽管他都要昏过去了，还是让我继续。而母亲则在我们身后来回走动，不停地将手举起又放下，痛苦不安。
把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的两个手腕。
可是他刚一这么做，孩子就大声地尖叫。不要，你弄疼我了，放开我的手，我让你放开我的手。接着她就歇斯底里地，令人恐怖地大叫起来，住手！住手！你们要杀人了！
你认为她能经受得了吗，医生？母亲问道。
你走开，丈夫对妻子说，你想让她得白喉而死吗？
来，抓住她，我说。
接着我用左手抓住孩子的头，试图将木制的压舌板伸到她的牙齿之间。她拼命地反抗着，紧咬着牙齿！我现在也愤怒起来——是对一个孩子。我尽力克制自己的怒气，但是不行。我知道怎么让她张开嘴，露出喉咙让我检查，我努力这么做了。我终于将木压舌板伸进她最后几颗牙齿后面，前端已进入了她的口腔，就在这个时候，她张了一下嘴，没等我看清，她又闭上了嘴，并用臼齿咬住了压舌板，在我还没能将它抽出来之前，她已经将压舌板咬碎了。
你不感到羞耻吗，母亲对她喊道。在医生面前你这么做不感到羞耻吗？
给我一个光柄的汤匙，我对她母亲说，我们继续检查。孩子的嘴已经流血了，她的舌头破了，歇斯底里地狂叫着。或许我应该住手，一两个小时后再来。毫无疑问那样会好些。但是我已经看到至少有两个孩子得了这种病，由于疏忽而躺在床上死去了，我觉得我必须现在诊断，否则以后再来就不行了。但是最糟的是我也变得不理智起来，我真想一气之下把这个孩子撕成碎片而后快。折磨她令人高兴，我的脸也因此发热。
尽管这个可恶的小家伙拒绝检查的行为是如此愚蠢，可还是得给她诊断，保护她。在这种情况下人是会这样想的。尽管违背她的想法，但别人也需保护。这是一种社会责任。所有这些都是真实的。可是那种想释放体能的渴望产生出一种非理智的、无法控制的愤怒与成人受辱时的感觉，这些驱使我要继续下去，必须进行到底。
在最后的这场非理智的较量中，我抓住了孩子的脖子和下巴，强行将这把不轻的银汤匙塞进她的嘴里，伸至喉部，直到她开始作呕。是的，两个扁桃体上覆盖着膜状物。她英勇地反抗以阻止我知道她的这个秘密。她隐瞒嗓子痛这件事至少有三天了，并且对她的父母撒谎以便逃脱象这样的一个结局。
现在她真的愤怒了。刚才她是在抵抗，而现在她进攻了，她试图从父亲的腿上跳下来，扑向我，失败的泪水模糊了她的双眼。
补充练习（Supplementary exercises）
Traditional methods of teaching no longer suffice in this technological world.Currently there are more than 100, 000 computers in schoolrooms in the United States.Students, mediocre and bright alike;from the first grade through high school, not only are not intimidated by computers, but have become avid participants in the computer epoch.Kids operating computers implement their curriculum with great versatility.A music student can program musical notes so that the computer will play Beethoven or the Beatles.For a biology class, the computer can produce a picture of the intricate actions of the body's organs, thus enabling today's students to envisage human biology in a profound way.A nuclear reactor is no longer an enigma(谜)to students who can see its workings in minute detail on a computer.In Wisconsin, the Chippewa Indians are studying their ancient and almost forgotten language with the aid of a computer.More commonly, the computer is used for drilling math and language concepts so that youngsters may learn at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers.The simplest computers aid the handicapped, who learn more rapidly from the computer than from humans.Once irksome, remedial drills and exercises now on computer are conductive to learning because the machine responds to correct answers with praise and to incorrect answers with frowns and even an.occasional tear.Adolescents have become so exhilarated(兴奋的)by computers that they have developed their own jargon, easily understood by their peers but leaving their disconcerted parents in the dark.They have shown so much favour for computers that they have formed computer clubs, beguile（消遣)their leisure hours in computer stores, and even attend computer camps.A Boy Scout can get a computer merit badge, One ingenious young student devised a computer game for Atari that will earn him $ 100, 000 in royalties.This is definitely the computer age.It is expected that by 1985 there will be between 300,000 and 650,000 computers in American schools.Manufacturers of computers are presently getting tax write-offs for donating equipment to colleges and universities and are pushing for legislation to obtain further deductions for contributions to elementary and high schools.Furthermore, the price of computers has steadily fallen to the point where a small computer for home or office is being sold for less than $ 100.At that price every class in the country will soon have computer kids.1.In order to operate a computer, a student does not have to be ____.A.especially bright
B.vulgar
C.versatile
D.hysterical 2.A computer is a robot teacher because it ____.A.is human B.enables students to learn through mechanical means C.teaches machines D.shows human emotions 3.Teachers ought to like to have their students use computers because computers ____.A.are fun to work with B.take over some of the teachers' tedious jobs C.cost less than teachers' salaries D.are being used all over the United States 4.The author of this article implies that ____.A.computers make learning today easier than it was in the past B.students today have to be smarter than their parents C.computers are difficult to operate D.anyone who can't operate a computer is a dunce（笨人）5.The price of a computer is now ____.A.too high for most schools
B.within the range of most school' s budgets C.rising
D.preventing schools from buying computers
课后练习答案
A.1.Because it was very damp sometimes and it was warm in the kitchen.2.Because they were all very nervous.3.She kept the doctor from knowing her secret—her illness.4.Because the doctor had to make sure whether the girl had caught diphtheria.5.Because she reduced it to splinters.6.He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged.Thus he got to see her throat.7.Yes, the girl's physical beauty made a contrast with her stupid behavior of not letting the doctor look her over.8.Generally speaking, he is right/hut lie may try to persuade tlie girl to obey him in a mild way.B.1．我到她家时先遇到她的母亲，她一副惊讶、害怕的表情。她穿着很干净，只是礼貌地说，您是医生吗？就让我进去了。
2．他试图站起来，我示意他不要麻烦，脱去外套，开始检查。
3．像往常一样，在这种情况下，他们不会告诉我更多情况，而是理应由我来告诉他们。
4．我尽量露出我的职业微笑，询问小女孩的名字。我说，过来，玛蒂尔„„
5．此时我已厌恶地咬牙切齿，要不是他们使用“伤害”这个词，我可能早就采取行动了。
6．在接下来的斗争中，他们变得越来越可怜，被制服，甚至精疲力竭，而小女孩由于害怕我而产生的狂怒却达到了顶点。
7．她的嘴张开了一下，我还没来的及看清楚，她又闭上了嘴，紧紧地用臼齿咬住木压舌板。我还没来的及将它拔出，她已把它咬成了碎片。
8．那个可恶的小家伙很愚蠢，但我应当保护她，此时我对自己这样说。C.1.apprehension
2.terrifying
3.overpowering
4.contemptible
5.motioned
6.profusion
7.ensuing
8.coax D.1.terrifyingly
2.coaxed
3.contemptible
4.apprehension 5.apology
6.terrifying
7.desist
8.admonished E.1.guilty
2.it's my responsibility
3.there's been a lot people who fell sick around here 4.nothing has been done
5.in view of the possibility
6.we continue to do this(examine her throat)till very end 7.became, irrational.8.the pleasure to attack her
F.Mathilda had been;ill for, three days, Her mother gave her some medicine, but it did no good, so a doctor had to be sent for.Because there had.been, a number of cages of diphtheria in the school to which Mathilda went and two children died of it, the doctor wanted to look her throat over first after he arrived at the Olson's.She wouldn't open her mouth no matter how he coaxed her, then the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth, but Mathilda should reduced it to splinters.To protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor must find out whether she had caught diphtheria, so that he.could, give her timely treatment.Then he told Mathilda's father to hold both her wrists while he himself opened her mouth up with effort and found that she did catch diphtheria.The story reminds us of such a thing: some of the things in life can't be done by one's willingness and in some cases, using certain force seems essential.G.The doctor thought the symptom of the girl was like that of diphtheria, and it happened that there were a number of cases of diphtheria in the school where the girl was in.So the doctor tried to coax to open her mouth.He took many ways, e.g., telling her terrible result of diphtheria, requiring her to go to hospital, which she was very afraid of etc, but she did not cooperate with him.Finally, his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor and the strategy to his respect forced him to open her mouth to see her throat by force.I think the doctor's behavior is right, because in reality it is necessary to use force to do something in certain circumstances in which voluntary isn't enough.补充练习答案
1.A
2.B
3.B
4.A
5.B
Lesson Four
Die as You Choose Background knowledge
Euthanasia Euthanasia, also called MERCY KILLING, act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder.Because there is no specific provision for it in most legal systems, it is accounted either suicide(if performed by the patient himself)or murder(if performed by another).A physician may, however, lawfully decide not to prolong life where there is extreme suffering;and he may administer drugs to relieve pain, even though he knows that this may shorten the patient's life.In the late 20th century, several European countries had special provisions in their criminal codes for lenient sentencing and the consideration of extenuating circumstances in prosecutions for euthanasia
Main idea of the Text This article remarks the euthanasia.Euthanasia is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.There are two different attitudes about it at present.Holland accepted the euthanasia and openly practiced it a few thousand times each year;America and France condemned it.Euthanasia is divided into two kindskilling is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.They think one of a doctor' s duties is to prevent suffering, sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.In the most countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light, in America, Britain and many other countries.They believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another.But now most American States have ' living-will' legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.But now if euthanasia is legalized how long can the distinction between killing and letting death hold out? The legal framework for euthanasia, permits a doctor to comply with dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstance.But this will make someone use it to kill the others.So whether euthanasia should be legalized is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.补充练习答案
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.A
单元测验 1（Quiz on Lesson One to Lesson Four）
I.课文填空（The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, choose the word from the list that best completes each of the sentences.）
battle
mess
terminal
argue
danger
rock
coax
define
difference
culture
down
loneliness tedious
request
quarter
killing
disaffection
breaths
major
generation
responsibility
duties
protested
gasp Between Elvis and Alice, __1__ critics say, a number of rock stars have helped our society __2__ its beliefs and attitudes.Bob Dylan touched a nerve of __3__.He spoke of civil rights, nuclear fallout, and __4__.He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older __5__.When I was graduating from college, my generation also found the world in a __6__.The economic machinery had broken __7__ almost everywhere: In this country nearly a __8__ of the population was out of work.A __9__ war seemed all too likely.As a college newspaper editor at that time, I __10__ against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.Even her expression hadn’t changed.Her __11__, however, were coming faster and faster.Then the __12__ began.I had to do it.I had to have a throat __13__ for her own protection.But first I told the parents that It was entirely up to them.I explained the __14__ but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the __15__.Many doctors working on the battlefield of __16__ suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm __17__ between passive and active euthanasia on __18__.Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctor’s __19__ is to prevent suffering;sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and __20__is the only way to do it.II.单句填空（Fill in the following blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the list below。）
started
anonymity
flushed
apparent
embody
profusion
impact
virtual
credible vehement
symbolize
reverence contribute
arrogant
rumble
drive
in other words
cleanse
ensue
desist
dodge
intrude oath
withhold
1.Different qualities are _____ by different colors.2.He' s a _____ supporter of progressive education.3.He studied hard in his youth, which _____ his great success in later life.4.1 soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else._____, I was wasting my time.5.After the heavy rains, floods _____.6.His _____ and enthusiasm helped make the project a success.7.When men are most sure and_____, they are commonly most mistaken.8.1 can hear a _____ noise, like distant thunder.9.The judge _____ his decision until he had heard all the evidence.10.The girl _____ up when the man spoke to her.11.The _____ cause of his failure in the examination was illness, but the real cause was lack of industry.12.These costs will _____ on our profitability.13.Is there a alternative _____ to the nuclear deterrent? 14.The sculpture _____ the artist’s love of animals.15.The battle was won with so great a loss of men that it was a _____ defeat.16.I am very sorry to _____ upon your grief, but this is an important matter.17.Young people nowadays show little _____ for the church.18.The reporters gathered around him, but he _____ their questions.19.The sound of the machine gun fire _____ the pigeons.20.Tom took his _____ that he did not steal the watch.III.单词选择（Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions.Choose the right one to complete the sentence.）1.He([A]sprinkled [B]threw)ashes on the icy sidewalk.2.I hear you are looking for an office.This place would be([A]idealistic [B]ideal).3.Topics for conversation should be([A]relevant [B]relative)to the experiences and interests of the students.4.Most people couldn't([A]imagine [B]conceive)of living without a telephone.5.Scientists have studied the([A]migration [B]immigration)of fish from one part of the ocean to another over long distance.6.The motorist was([A]bewildered [B]surprised)by the conflicting road signs.7.Someone has([A]jumbled [B]mixed)the files, and now I can’t find anything.8.The judge rejected the prisoner’s([A]appeal [B]attraction)for a new trial.9.They have a desire to see what steps shall be taken to([A]compensate [B]remedy)the existing weakness.10.The warrior managed to([A]evade [B]dodge)the arrow that came flying through the air.11.The United States has([A]spent [B]expended)vast sums to strengthen her allies.12.Every citizen in a democratic country may([A]claim [B]demand)the protection of the law.13.1 was unwilling to([A]invade [B]intrude)upon them so late at night.14.Use your library to learn which animals([A]live [B]inhabit)the desert.15.I wish he’d([A]desist [B]resist)from entertaining his friend at all hours of the day and night.16.Summoned by the boss, he approached his office full of([A]apprehension [B]distrust).17.He thought their behavior was([A]contemptuous [B]contemptible), but he didn't say anything in front of the host.18.The([A]omission [B]exclusion)of a full stop at the end of the sentence is a deliberate act by the writer.19.Whether or not he is the best person for the promotion is([A]debatable [B]arguable).20.If you see him please give my([A]excuses [B]apologies)for not having written to him.IV.汉译英（Translate the following into English）
1．当我大学毕业的时候，我们那一代人发现这个世界一团糟。
2．青少年把摇滚歌星视为偶像，而成年观众则觉得他们恶心，难以忍受。
3．摇滚歌星们不仅表达了青少年对各种政治与社会问题的观点和立场，而且也表达了他们的情感和愿望。
4．60年代的美国青年是反叛的一代。他们不再相信这个已不属于自己的成人世界并拒绝接受他们的信仰和价值观。
5．最不幸的就是那些革命成功的人。他们必须痛苦地目睹自己所创建的新政府与自己所推翻的旧政府同样丑陋和沉闷。
6．那时，我厌恶地咬紧牙，如果他们不用伤害这个词就好了，我还会有所收获。7．这个讨厌的小东西必须防止因自己的愚蠢行为而遭受带来的后果。人们心里默默地说。8．需要对安乐死制定相关的法律，这个问题不能再长期回避了。
9．在荷兰，安乐死被医疗机构所接受，每年公开施行几千次。10．直到加州投票通过安乐死合法的提议才结束了这依次漫长的讨论。
V.英译汉(Translate the following into Chinese)1.Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.2.Like all artists, these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own.3.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect, but how to deal with it.4.A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life----but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.5.And warfare on a rising scale seems inevitable if too many bodies have to struggle for ever---dwindling shares of food and living spare.6.I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down distrustfully.7.In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.8.It is disturbingly easy to find doctors who will say, in private, that they sometimes kill patients on purpose.9.Most American states have “living-will” legislation that protect doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.10.Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock on another.VI.回答问题(Answer the following questions)1.What does the author attempt to illustrate with the three examples at the beginning of the text? 2.What other major subjects did rock music deal with apart from politics? 3.How do American young people look at the adult world in general? 4.Why does the author say that the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded? 5.What are some of the new problems faced by the young people.6.Why were the girl's parents eyeing the doctor up and down distrustfully? 7.How did the doctor finally get to see the girl's throat? 8.Why did the doctors in the U.S.sometimes secretly practice euthanasia without consulting the dying patents? 9.What is the danger involved if euthanasia is legalized? 10.What is the author’s view on euthanasia?
VII.能力测试(Proficiency test)
Ranch Life To many people ranch life means the Wild West.Many children dream of becoming cowboys or cowgirls and leading romantic adventurous lives.But ranch life is in fact a hard business, demanding strength and a great deal of work.Most ranches are located in flat open country where there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.Ranchers raise cattle for the meat that people eat.Since meat is a favorite food of people everywhere, ranching is a very important job.Ranching is one of the oldest and biggest" industries in the world.Like all other kinds of farming, ranching is a difficult job.Dry weather or rainstorms can destroy the food needed for the cattle or the cattle themselves may become sick and die.The rancher must always be on guard against the dangers that nature can create.History of Ranching A long, long time ago, at the very beginning of civilized life, people began to keep cattle.These people were wanderers, driving their herd from place;to place, looking for fresh grass and water.Later, men began to settle in the places where the food and water were plentiful.They built houses for themselves and shelters and yards for their animals.These were the first ranches.Cowboys Ranch life has always centered around the cowboy, one of the most colorful people in the history of the American West.Stories about cowboys are very popular in America and all over the world.People think of cowboys as free people, unafraid to battle with wild animals, living close to nature, with the trees and the sky and the stars.Today there are far fewer cowboys, and they no longer live as they did.But their hold on the imagination is still strong.The old-time cowboy is the The American cowboy first appeared in Texas around 1836.Soon ranches spread and cowboys were working in almost every part of the West..Cowboys' lives centered around the rbundup and the cattle drive.Every winter and summer the cattle fed at the ranch.In the spring and autumn the cowboys rounded up the cattle, and separated the beef cattle from the rest of the herd, and drove them over many miles of open.Country to the nearest railroad station.From there the cattle were sent to slaughterhouses.In the 19th century, railroads were few and far between.Driving the cattle was a long hard job.There was danger' from cattle thieves.The cowboy rose at sun-up to start the cattle moving.They drove them all day through the heat or dust or wind.The men were often on horseback 15 hours a day.Cowboys had to be skillful and strong.They had to be skilled horsemen and good gunmen.Their clothing was made for protection.The wide-brimmed hat was worn to protect them from the sun, dust and the rain.The gun protected them against Cattle thieves.Now much of the adventure has gone out of the cowboy's life.He no longer has to struggle with thieves.Most ranches are quite close to railroad stations, so the long cattle drive is a thing of the past.Modern inventions have taken over many of the cowboy's old jobs.The modem cowboy must often be a technician himself in order to use the new devices for the.care of cattle and for the running of the ranch.adventurous a.冒险的 civilize v.(使)文明
herd n.畜群 roundup n.聚拢
slaughterhouse n.屠宰场
wide-brimmed a.宽边的
the Wild West
荒野西部（美国）
hero of many books, films and songs.He is a national hero and a treasured part of the national past.
第二篇：外语教学与研究出版社七年级上册英语单词表
外研社英语七年级上册单词表
Module 1 meet v 认识，遇见 first adj 第一 English n 英语 Lesson n(一节)课 Class n 班级 Student n 学生 Miss n 女士；小姐（对未婚女性的称呼）twelve num 十二 year n ……岁 thirteen num 十三 too adv 也
from prep 从……来 close v 关闭 open v 打开
match v 相称；匹配 write v 写
practice v 练习city n 城市
England n 英国；英格兰 English adj 英国的 Fourteen num 十四 eleven num 十一 blackboard n 黑板 twenty-nine num 二十九 fifty num 五十
Module2
parent n 父；母 can aux 能够
basketball n 篮球 tennis n 网球 table tennis 球
ride v 骑；开（车）horse n 马 welcome v 欢迎
international adj 国际的 factory n 工厂 hotel n 饭店；宾馆 university n 大学 hospital n 医院 office n 办公室 doctor n 医生 worker n 工人 manager n 经理 secretary n 书
at prep 在（工作或学习地点）；向，photo n 照片 family n 家庭 her pron 她的 Module 3
there pron(用于引导句子)forty-six num 四十六 dictionary n 字典；词典 library n 图书馆
picture n 图片；照片 right adj 正确的 fifteen num 十五 sixteen num 十七 eighteen num 十八 nineteen num 十九 thirty num 三十 sixty num 六十 seventy num 七十 eighty num 八十 ninety num 九十
dining hall 饭厅；饭堂 gym n 体育馆
science n 科学；科学课 lab n 实验室
in front of 在……前面 next to 在……旁边 some prep 在……后面 some adj 一些 any pron 任何
one n 一个物；一个人 building n 建筑物
Module4
many adj 许多 people n 人们
aunt n 姨；伯母；婶母
grandfather n 祖父；外祖父 grandmother n 祖母；外祖母 grandparent n(外)祖父；（外）祖母
uncle n 叔叔；伯伯；舅舅；姑父；姨夫
sister n 姐；妹 have v 有 have got 拥有
grandma n 奶奶；姥姥 grandpa n 爷爷；姥爷 email n 电子邮件 him pron 他（宾格）make v 做，制造
Module 5 healthy adj 健康的 orange n 橘子
drink n 饮料 v 喝 fruit n 水果 vegetable n 蔬菜 beef n 牛肉 carrot n 胡萝卜 chicken n 鸡肉 juice n 果汁 melon n 甜瓜 milk n 牛奶 onion n 洋葱 pork n 猪肉 potato n 土豆 tomato n 西红柿
favourite adj 最喜欢的 noodle n 面条
candy n 糖果 Coke n 可乐
hamburger n 汉堡包 ice cream 冰激淋
unhealthy adj 不健康的
fridge(=refrigerator)n 冰箱party n 晚会；聚会 birthday n 生日
last adj 刚刚过去；最近的 table n 桌子
them porn 他她它们（宾格）live v 生活；住 chocolate n 巧克力
Module 6
invitation n 邀请 cinema n 电影院 would n.aux 愿意 film n 电影
stadium n 体育馆 match n 比赛 star n 明星 team n 队伍 evening n 晚上 Friday n 周五 Monday n 周一 Saturday n 周六 Sunday n 周四 Tuesday n 周二 Wednesday n 周三
with prep 和……一起 great adj 好极的；伟大的 idea n 想法；注意 let v 让
let’s = let us 让我们…… when adv 什么时候；何时 invite v 邀请 on adv 进行；上演 ask v 询问；问 magic n 魔术 show n 表演 day n 日子；白天 place n 地点 price n 价格 theater n 剧院 swimming n 游泳 come v 来
today adv 今天 plan n 计划
playground n 操场 stay n 停留 game n 游戏
Module 7
talk v 谈论
about prep 关于
what about…?(询问其他人的情况)……怎么样？
time n 时间
o’lock adv ……点钟 half n 一半
past prep 超过…… art n 美术；艺术 chemistry n 化学 maths n 数学
at prep 在（某时间或时刻）start v 开始 get up 起床 have v 吃
breakfast n 早饭 house n(课间)休息 lunch n 午饭 or conj 或者 go home 回家
dinner n 晚饭；正餐 finish v 结束；完成 park n 公园
housework n 家务劳动
Module 8 different adj 不同的 habit n习惯
always adv 总是；一直 card n 卡片
present n 礼物 usually adv 通常 never adv 从不
get v 得到 send v 发送
OK int 好的（表同意）ticket n 票 pair n 双；对 a pair of 一对；一双 trainer n 软运动鞋 jeans n(复)牛仔裤 T-shirt n T恤 Concert n 音乐会 box n 盒子 silk n 丝绸 shirt n 衬衫 magazine n 杂志 novel n 小说
CD（=compact disk）n 光盘 choose v 选择；挑选 lot n 大量；许多 lots of 大量；许多 a lot of 大量；许多 clothes n 衣服(总称)music n 音乐 singer n 歌手
on prep 通过，以……方式
on television 通过电视；在电视上its pron 它的 think v 想，认为 think of 想出
Module 9
trip n 旅行 zoo n 动物园 tiger n 老虎 camel n 骆驼 elephant n 大象 lion n 狮子
giraffe n 长颈鹿 kangaroo n 袋鼠 monkey n 猴子 panda n 熊猫 snake n 蛇 wolf n 狼
polar bear n 北极熊 guide n 导游 thousand num 千
visit v 参观；访问 n参观；访问every adj 每一个只 animal n 动物 zebra n 斑马 more adj 更多
Australia n 澳大利亚 Australian adj 澳大利亚的 Asia n 北极 Europe n 欧洲
European adj 欧洲的 Asia n 亚洲 Asian adj 亚洲的 here adv 在这里
bamboo n 竹子 Africa n 非洲
African adj 非洲的 America n 美洲；美国
American adj 美洲的；美国的；美国人的
Oceania n 大洋洲 oceanian adj 大洋洲的 desert n 沙漠 forest n 森林 jungle n 丛林 grass n 草
grassland n 草原 India n 印度 lesf n 叶子 wirld n 世界
Module 10 keyboard n 键盘 monitor n 显示器 mouse n 鼠标；老鼠 print v 打印
printer n 打印机 connect v 连接
switch v 用开关把……开启（或关掉）switch on 接通；开（电灯、机器等）finally adv 最后 first adv 首先 document n 文件
use v 使用 click v 点击
next adv 然后；其次 save v 保存；挽救 box n 方框
then adv 然后
again adv 再一次；又 online adj.adv 在线 travel n 旅行 download v 下载 Internet n 网络
Grandchild n（外）孙女；（外）孙子sometime n 有时候；不时 check v 检查 track v 火车
timetable n 时刻表 laptop n 笔记本电脑 weekend n 网站 London n 伦敦
Information n 信息 kind n 种类
Revision module B subject n 科目
第三篇：上教社小学英语四年级上册Module 1 Unit 1 教案2
Module 1 Unit 1 教案
2一、教学重点
词汇：new，classmate，her，name，sit
句型：Her name’s Jill.二、教学栏目
Listen and say，Listen and enjoy，Make and say
三、教学目标
1.通过Listen and say的情景对话，帮助学生学习核心句型Her name’s Jill.2.通过角色扮演，帮助学生初步运用核心句型。
3.通过Make and Say活动，让学生进一步巩固和运用核心句His/Her name’s …。
四、教学步骤
Pre-task preparations
1.接龙游戏。用Listen and enjoy的儿歌向学生问好，学生回答老师的问候以后，接着用问题What about you? 随意向任意学生提问。
T: Good morning.Good morning.My name’s …
What about you?(point toS1)
S1: Good morning.Good morning
My name’s …
What about you?(point to S2)
S2: Good morning.Good morning.My name’s …
What about you?(point toS3)
S3: …
2.准备一个小木偶，以小木偶的语气用第—人称作自我介绍，引出生词new。在学生听懂的基础上，鼓励学生主动站起来和小木偶打招呼，并作自我介绍。
T: Hello.My name’s Peggy.I'm new here.Nice to meet you.S1: Good morning, Peggy.My name’s … Nice to meet you too.T: Good morning, my new friend.将木偶交给回答的学生，请他(她)扮演小木偶，去和同学对话。
While-task procedures
1.请一个男生和一个女生上台做自我介绍，然后教师向全班学生介绍这两个学生，引出新句型His/Her name’s … 和生词classmate，请全班学生跟读和拼读单词classmate。S1: Hello.My name’s … Nice to meet you.S2: Hello.My name’s … Nice to meet you too.T:(point toS1)He’s/She’s … His/Her name’s …
He’s/She’s(S2’s name)’ classmate.Is he/she your classmate?
Ss: Yes.T: C-L-A-S-S-M-A-T-E, classmate.Ss: C-L-A-S-S-M-A-T-E, classmate.接着请同学用classmate来组词，如：my classmate，an old classmate，a tall classmate，a new classmate。
最后，请学生用classmate来造句，如：I have a classmate./ … is my classmate.2.呈现Listen and say的图片，向学生介绍并提问。
l)Who are they?
2)Who’s the girl?
播放Listen and say的录音，然后出示Listen and say的图片并提问，检查学生的理解程度。T:(point to Jill in Picture2)Look at the girl.Who is she?
Ss: She’s Kitty’s new classmate.T: What’s her name?
Ss: Jill.T: Yes.Her name’s Jill.J-I-L-L, Jill.引出生词her，学生听懂和能拼读以后，要求学生用her组词，特别注意的是，学生组词时必须手指女生，然后再用her来造句。
T: Her.H-E-R, her.Ss: Her.H-E-R, her.T:(point to your book)This is my book.(hold the things of a girl and point to the girl)This is her book.This is her bag/pencil.Can you make phrases with “her”?
S1: Her book, her ruler, …
…
T: Who can make sentences with “her”?
S2: Her bag is new.用同样方法教学his。然后可以加入my，your通过对比帮助学生理解这几个单词的含义。T: My name’s … Your name’s … His name’s … Her name’s …
然后把挂图贴在黑板上，让学生看图介绍图中人物。
S1: I’m Kitty.This is my classmate.His name’s Joe.3.出示Listen and say的四幅图片，要求学生根据听到的内容给图片排序。然后，再放一遍录音，请学生跟读，跟读时注意语音、语调，同时检查图片顺序是否正确。然后和学生操练对话。
T:(act as Miss Fang)Good morning, boys and girls.Ss: Good morning, Miss Fang.T: This is your new classmate.Her name’s Jill.…
最后，让学生两人一组练习对话，请几组学生上来表演。
S1:(act as Miss Fang)Good morning, boys and girls.S2: Good morning, Miss Fang.S1: This is your new classmate.Her name’s Jill.4.让学生看Make and say的图片，然后将范例句型写在黑板上，让学生朗读，最后请学生拿出自己的朋友或兄妹的照片，制作个人信息卡，并用所学的句型两人一组作介绍。S1:(show a picture of his/her sister)This is my sister.Her name’s Linda.She’s ten years old.She’s thin.S2:(show a picture of one of his/her friends)This is my friend.His name’s Jack.He’s nine years
old.He’s tall and thin.Post-task activities
1.将学生按四人一组分成若干小组，发给每个小组四张人物信息卡，小组活动时请每位学生抽取一张卡片，根据卡片上的信息作介绍。
S1: This is my new classmate.His name’s Tim.He’s nine years old.He’s short.或者让学生每人抽一张卡片，通过询问了解其他同学卡片上的人物信息。
S1: He’s my new classmate.S2: What’s his name?
S1: His name’s Tim.S2: How old is he?
S1: He’s nine.2.猜谜游戏。描述一位班上的同学，请大家一起猜猜他(她)是谁?然后请猜对的学生上台做小老师，描述一个同学，让其他同学猜。
T: He’s my friend.He’s tall and thin.He’s eleven years old.What’s his name?
S1: His name’s …
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