段落阅读题答案

第一篇：段落阅读题答案

落花枝头

初到江南，就碰上了梅雨季节。一夜枕上听雨，辗转不能成寐，清晨推窗望去，雨却停了。天顶上，浓云尚未散开，低低压着房檐;空中还飘浮着若有若无的雨丝;天地间弥漫着一层湿漉漉、静悄悄的青黛色雾霭。院子中，一丛绿树被染得浓荫如墨。朦胧的墨绿中，清晰地闪着点点火红的花朵，宛如一阕厚重、平和的弦乐声中，跳出了一管清脆、欢跃的笛音，给这雨后阴沉的清晨，增添了不少生气。

咦，已是春花红褪的初夏，什么花开得这般热烈?

循着被雨水润白的碎石小路走去，我猛地记起了杨万里的初夏即事诗：“却是石榴知立夏，年年此日一花开。”近前一看，果然是石榴花。这是四株石榴树，分列在窄窄的甬道两侧，枝丫交错，搭起了一座花红叶绿的天然门楼。树只有一个人高，花却开得十分繁茂。低头钻进树丛，真像是上元之夜倘徉于灯市之中。前后左右，俯仰四顾，都是火苗一样燃烧着的石榴花。

早就听说石榴花是边开花边结果，花与子并生枝头，十分壮观。如今看去，果真如此。这满树密密层层的花果，真像是一个姊妹比肩的大家庭，在从花到果的生长过程中，呈现出变化微妙的千姿百态——有的蓓蕾婷立，含苞待放;有的半开半合，微露金蕊;有的翩然怒放，喷红流彩;有的花瓣已落，子实新萌;也有的花萼圆鼓鼓地胀起，果实已初具规模，挺在枝头，随风摇曳。

啊，这些正在开放的花朵、正在成熟的果实，多像一群天真烂漫、无忧无虑的孩子。可是，一阵微风吹过，我感到点点水珠洒落下来。这是花儿果儿们的泪水吗?水珠洒落地上，地上是一片落花的世界。是了，花果洒泪是在向落花依依惜别，是在感激落花的深情。落花静静地躺在大地的怀抱，那么坦然，那么安宁，火红的花瓣在雨水中浸得发胀，将黑黑的泥土染成一片绯色。我第一次注意到落花景象是这般壮丽，一种内在的美好情操震颤着我的心。昨天，也许它还在枝头上为花蕊挡风遮雨，那艳丽的容貌，芬芳的呼吸，引来蜂蝶，传送花粉，孕育新生。

今天，新的生命开始生长了，为了让果实得到更多的阳光和养料，它毫不留恋枝头的繁华，毫不夸耀自己的成绩，在斜风细雨中翩然飘落。躺在地上，它还在翘望枝头，看到萌生的果实替代了它原来的位置，依然显示着生命的美好，它放心了，落而无憾。它放心了，却没有忘记自己的归宿。秋风秋雨中，它将自己和朴实的大地融为一体，又在准备滋养明年的花了。“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。”龚定庵的心和落花可谓相通。人常说：开花结果。殊不知，花落了，果实才能成熟。据说有一种火石榴树，开起花来复瓣繁英，十分好看，却是从来不结果的。从这个意义上来说，落花正是新生的标志，实在值得大书特书。

然而，千百年来，关于落花的诗却多是伤感的，哀惋的。黑暗的时代，狂暴的风雨，常令未果之花备受挫磨而夭谢，于是，“流水落花春去也”、“无可奈何花落去”……就成了千古名句。它们的作者，或是伤春怨女，红颜薄命，或是落魄文人，怀才不遇，只好将花喻己，抒解愁肠。君不见，《红楼梦》中“埋香冢飞燕泣残红”，黛玉小姐的一首葬花词，哭痴了多少人的心。对于摧残人才，践踏新生的社会，这是一个曲折的控诉和抗争。今天，这样的时代应该是过去了。我们的国家如同这缀着晨露的石榴树，花果同枝，生机蓬勃。每个人都应该是一朵花，该开时，尽心竭力地开，该落时，坦坦荡荡地落，无论是翘立枝头，还是俯身泥土，都不忘培育新生的使命。这样，我们的事业就会新陈代谢，永葆青春的活力。

细微的簌簌声打断了我的遐想，又是几片飞红飘落下来。“落花辞树虽无语，别倩黄鹂告诉春。”多情的落花委托黄鹂向春天嘱咐什么呢?请明年枝头上再看吧，那满树的繁花硕果就是答案。

《落花枝头》阅读题目：

1、文章开头对江南梅雨的描写有什么作用?从两个角度回答。(4分)

2、本文语言形象生动而富有意蕴，请按要求分析下面两个句子：(8分)

(1)“低头钻进树丛，真像是上元之夜徜徉于灯市之中”，作者用这个比喻，突出石榴花的什么特征?(2分)

(2)“对于摧残人才，践踏新生的社会，这是一个曲折的控诉和抗争”，这种控诉和抗争为什么说是“曲折”的?(3分)

(3)最后一段有“多情的落花委托黄鹂向春天嘱咐什么呢?”一句，根据文章内容，说说落花嘱咐的内容。(3分)

3、同是落花，今天作者的感受是“壮丽”，而旧时文人怨女的感受却是“伤感、哀惋”，这两个时代的人为什么会有这不同的感受?(4分)

4、文章热情赞颂了落花的“美好情操”，根据文章的描写，分三点概括落花的美好情操。(6分)

《落花枝头》阅读答案：

1、(1)为写“水珠洒落”、“花果洒泪”作铺垫

(2)以天气的阴沉反衬(衬托)石榴花的火红

2、(1)开得十分繁茂

(2)落花喻指(象征)被摧残的人才、被践踏的新生，用诗文表达对落花的哀惋叹息，不是对黑暗社会的直接控诉，所以说“曲折”。(意思对即给分)

(3)明年春天必“繁花硕果”，生机蓬勃。(答案在最后一句上)

3、因为今天的“落花”是为求得新生，为新的生命出现而主动离开树枝，而旧时的“落花”是风雨的摧残，是“未果之花备受挫磨而天谢”。(只答“时代的不同”不给分)

4、(1)它曾为花蕊挡风遮雨，孕育新生。

(2)它不曾留恋枝头的繁华，不夸耀自己的功绩。(它让位于新生之果，让其更好地成长)

(3)它落而无憾，又准备滋养明年的花。

《落花枝头》阅读答案，以供同学们参考，希望花落枝头的时节，在美好的期待中，同学们的学习越来越好!

第二篇：段落,句子,题目的作用

句子，段落，题目在文中的作用

一、段落的作用：

1、开头段：

统摄全篇，提纲挈领，领起下文，引出悬念，开门见山，渲染气氛，奠定基调，或为后文做铺垫、埋下伏笔。

2、过渡段：

承上启下（或启下），引出下文。

3、结尾段：

总结全文，呼应前文或题目，深化、升华主旨，卒章显志，言有尽而意无穷，回味深长，承接上文欲扬先抑的手法，画龙点睛，与首段相照应使结构严谨，含蓄深刻，启发联想，象征、暗示、点名或揭示。

4、环境描写的作用：

①是否交代了故事发生的时间地点，设置了背景，②是否渲染了气氛，为后面内容做铺垫

③是否奠定基调，④是否烘托了人物的心情，表现人物性格

⑤是否烘托了人物形象，⑥是否推动情节的发展。

5、引用或文学性强的语段：

创造文化氛围或„„行文章法思路开阔，再结合文章语境分析。

6、写景的语段：

①交代作品的时代背景，烘托、渲染„„气氛，②为下文埋下伏笔，表现人物„„的心情，③暗示社会环境，④结合具体语境：设置了„„的背景，烘托形象，⑤深化主题，与开头形成照应，⑥使文章形象、生动、细腻，⑦使读者有身临其境之感，增强文章感染力。

7、其他语段：

呼应上文，形成对比，补充说明等等。

二、句子的作用：

1、中心句：

点明中心、揭示主旨。画龙点睛。

2、点睛句：

点明全文中心，统领全文；句子含义深刻，耐人寻味，读后能给人以启迪。

3、情感句：

抒发强烈内在情感，直抒胸臆。

4、矛盾句：

从字面上看自相矛盾，但作者却寄寓了深刻的用意。揭示深刻内涵，表达深刻见解。

三、题目的作用：

1、记叙文题目点明了地点：

如《钱塘江观潮》,还交代了主要事件是观潮,全文紧紧围绕题目的限制范围

展开叙述。

2、题目有的交代主要内容：如鲁迅的《阿长与〈山海经〉》；

3、有的揭示(或暗示)主旨：如《长在岩石下面的小花》；《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》舍身一词就高度赞扬了董存瑞为了革命事业壮烈牺牲的大无畏的英雄气概

4、有的点明线索：如鲁迅的《从百草园到三味书屋》；

5、有的交代描写对象：如老舍的《济南的冬天》；

6、有的交代故事发生环境：如孙犁的《芦花荡》；

7、有的设置悬念：如《城市给了我们什么》等。

8、议论文题目往往揭示(暗示)论题或论点。

9、说明文的题目往往交代说明对象或对象的特点。

注：分析题目作用，要把握文章中心，联系主要内容，考虑题目的来源，拟题的依据，题目的内涵，深层意义，考虑题目所用的手法，分析题目的比喻义、双关义、象征义等等，此外，还要考虑题目的句式结构，综合各种信息、分析具体情况，再做全面表述。

如：易水之滨，高渐离击筑，悲凉的旋律中，荆轲告别燕太子丹，踏上刺秦的不归路，他身后的芦花，一定在萧萧寒风中轻肠，乌江之畔，四面楚歌，西楚霸王柔肠寸断，在“虞兮虞兮奈若何”的哀叹声中，虞姬挥动长剑，裙袂飘飘，作最后的生命之舞。在她倒下的地方，白雾茫茫，一片缟素，那是一岸的芦花在为这悲怆的诀别飘雪飞霜。汩罗江边，披发行吟的屈原，掩涕叹息，仰天长问。臣专权，楚王昏庸。居庙堂，不能为民解难；谪乡野，不能为民解难。生命的大寂寞郁结于心，奔突于胸，使诗人纵身大江，荡起的涟漪是芦苇悲鸣的泪滴，在湿湿的夜色中流淌。青青的苇叶包裹起后人的崇敬和思念，投入历史的长河，成为端午节最深沉的纪念。

（选自张驰《心中的芦苇》）

“芦花”在该段中起到了哪些作用？（分条作答）

答案为：（1）是串连事件的线索。（2）渲染了悲凉的气氛。（3）芦花见证、记录、蕴涵着历史的痛苦和沧桑。（4）表达了同情或崇敬的感情。

例文一

村路怎能不弯呢

①村路怎能不弯呢？

②好的地方，都让人家、河流、田地占住了，留给路的，实在太少了。③路从不计较这些，很知足，知足常乐。天天，捡着这些人脚迹、牛脚迹、狗脚迹吃着，小日子过得滋润着。尤其是在冬天，有人穿着布鞋，刚刚从家里烤火出来，留下一行人脚迹，还是暖乎乎的。夏天的牛脚迹又肥又大，闻一闻，还带着青草的味儿，还带着蘑菇的味儿。狗脚迹一长串，小小的，就像我家屋檐下，挂着的一长串板栗，不着急吃，待其风干，又是另外一种风味了。偶尔，还会有一两只野猪、狗獾之类的，偷偷地下山来，留下一朵朵野梅花样的脚迹，更是难得一尝的野味了。这村路，还真不羡慕那些大马路呢，窄一点有什么关系呢？弯一点有什么关系呢？

④其实，路何尝又不想宽一点、直一点？

⑤路从我家里延伸出来，走不到十几米，迎面就是二哥家的一堵墙壁。你总不能叫路穿过那堵墙而去，于是，路只得拐一个弯了。路又走了五六十米，翠花曾婆家的房子，正横在路当中。路有什么办法？只好又拐了一个弯，从翠

花曾婆家门前过去，翠花曾婆人真好，碰上一棵树，也能说上半天话。不管张

三、李四，还是王二麻子，从她家门前经过，只要她在家，看见了，都要邀请人家进屋坐坐，喝一碗茶。那些远道而来的卖窑货的、贩树的，经常在她家歇脚。你们这些人啊，都是沾了路的光了！路这个弯也拐得值了！路再往前走，又碰上了春伢家的猪圈。照理说，这又脏又臭的猪圈，应该让一让路吧。路不想说这些，更不想去和猪圈争，弯就弯点吧。

⑥路七拐八弯，总算出了村子。村外就是田畈，一块块田，未免也太霸道了一点，总想多占些地盘，你用手推我一下，我用屁股挤你一下。本来应该是一条直路，硬是让它们挤弯了，挤窄了。我想，路一定也被挤痛了，不过它不会说而已。我说你们这些田呀，不要再挤了，让路从这里经过吧。没有这条路，牛怎么来耕田？稻子成熟了，人怎么来收割？路弯过了田地，遇到了河流，没有桥，在河里放几个跳石，人踩着跳石过去，这是秋冬。倘若到了梅雨天，过不了几天，发一场洪水，淹没了那几个跳石，路还得去弯，从上游的一座石桥上穿过去。又遇到了人家的莱园，你也总不能叫路穿过人家的菜园而去，把人家好端端的莱园，弄成路这边一半，路那边一半，再弯一弯吧。前面，路又遇到了谁家的祖坟？更不能去打搅祖老人家的睡眠呀。路悄悄地，弯了个大弯，多少个弯都弯了，不在乎这一个弯。

⑦“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。”路到山前，似乎没有地方可去了，真有些让人怀疑，是不是走错了。路和你开玩笑呢，走过去，拐一个弯，嗬，在山冲里，又是一个大村子，屋檐连着屋檐，炊烟缠着炊烟，一条小河绕屋流过，河畔有三两垂柳，五六月季，十七八鹅。

1、第①段在全文中起什么作用？

2、本文主要运用了什么修辞手法？请选择一处进行赏析。

3、读第⑤⑥段，我家门前的路弯过了哪些地方？请按顺序摘录。

如：墙壁、、、、、、。

4、品读第⑦段，体会诗句“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。”在文中有何作用？

答案

1、开门见山点题贯穿全文的线索总领全文引起读者的思考和阅读兴趣（答出一点即可）

2、运用了拟人手法，如“路不想说这些，更不想去和猪圈争，弯就弯点吧。”表现了村路与世无争、豁达宽容的性格特征。（可以选其他例句，赏析有理即可）

3、房子、猪圈、田地、河流、菜园、祖坟。

4、引用诗句呈现出了更加美好的意境，进入了更新的境界，深化了文章主题。领起下文，增添文采。（言及一点，意思相近即可）

例文二

你的眼泪，我的成人礼

①开学三天后，我如愿当上了班长。我在高中时一直做班长，有经验，所以充满自信。

②我希望一个班级能有好的团队精神和面貌。当天下午，我走上讲台对大家说：“打扰各位同学几分钟，为了方便大家联系，我决定在班里开通飞信。”③“什么是飞信啊？”前排，一个短头发的女生问。

④“就是综合通信服务啊，可以实现互联网和手机间的无缝通信服务„„通俗点说吧，就是可以群体使用的短信息，免费的，就像QQ群，我们班先建立起自己的飞信群。”

⑤短头发的女生吐吐舌头，有点不好意思，然后半开玩笑地说：“我从小县城来的，消息不灵通。”好多同学笑起来。我也笑了笑说：“如果大家都明白了的话，把手机号报给我„„”

⑥我的话还没说完，听到有个男生问：“必须要用手机吗？”

⑦“当然，不用手机怎么发短信？”我不解地向后看去，问话的，是个皮肤微黑的男生，瘦瘦的，但是眼睛很亮，唇角微微上扬，有点倔强的表情。但是我没想到那个男生忽然站起来说：“我没有手机。”

⑧“去买一个啊。”我不假思索地脱口而出。

⑨“我是从农村来的，家里穷，家里还有奶奶和妹妹，母亲身体不好，一家人的生活都靠父亲在城里做建筑工。我上大学的学费是父亲借来的，在大学里怎么生活下去，还要靠我自己，所以对不起，虽然我热爱我们的班级，但是班里的飞信群，我不能参加。”说完，那个男生朝外走去。

⑩我愣住了，而此刻，全班同学，也都鸦雀无声。那个高高瘦瘦的男生，穿着普通的蓝色运动装，白球鞋，街边小摊的廉价物品，做工粗糙„„而裹在这样劣质运动装里的背影，却依然挺拔。

却依然挺拔。

（11）许久，我站在那里，感觉心里有一种从未有过的惭愧、自责，甚至有一种失效。

（12）第二天，我在教室里挂了一块黑板，我说：“以后有什么消息，我会写在黑板上通知大家，请大家留意！”然后，走到教室后面，走到那个拒绝了我并敢于承认贫穷的男生面前，什么都没有说，只是弯下身，深深地鞠了一躬。

（13）教室的某个角落，发出了孤单的掌声，很快，掌声多了起来，连成了片。

（14）我抬起头的时候，那个高高的倔强的男生清亮的眼睛里，盈满了泪水。

（15）这一天，是我18岁生日，虽然我收到了许多贵重的礼物，但是我知道，这眼泪，才是生活送给我的真正的成人礼。

1、通读全文，理清“我”的心理变化脉络，在空白处填上恰当的词语。（）→（）→自责、失败→真诚、成熟

2、第⑩段划线句子运用了什么描写方法？表现了人物怎样的性格特征？

3、第（13）段运用了侧面描写，你认为在这里有什么作用？

4、你怎样理解“这眼泪，才是生活送给我的真正的成人礼。”这句话？

5、如果小说第（11）段改成“许久，我站在那里，感觉心里有一种从未有过的不屑、耻辱，甚至有一种愤恨。”请你为小说改写一个结尾（简述即可）。答案：

1、自信、优越感（或骄傲）

2、主要运用了外貌描写（或肖像描写），表现了男生虽家境贫困，但性格倔强、自尊、不卑不亢。（意思相近即可）

3、描写同学们的掌声渲染了气氛，衬托了人物形象，是对“我”的一种赞赏。（抓住渲染、衬托、赞赏，其中一点即可）

4、点明主题，男生感动的眼泪，让“我”明白了尊重别人，就会获得别人的尊重。男生感动的泪水，让“我”学会了成熟、理智地处理事情，突然觉得自己长大了。（言及一点，意思相近即可）

5、示例1：“我”坚持使用了飞信，只有那个农村男生没有参加，我们渐渐地也疏远了他。

示例2：开学的第一件事就草草收场，同学们不欣赏“我”的傲慢，“我”的威信也大打折扣。（结尾设计合情合理即可）

例文三

那年大雪

那年雪好大，鹅毛片片飞。

梁子回来了。穿着皮夹克，披着黄大衣，足蹬大马靴，威武得像个军官。梁子在城里做生意，没几年的光景就发了，是我们这一带穷山沟的名人。狗儿、海子和我的母亲提前几天就托人给梁子捎了话，希望他这次回来，能把我们带出去，跟着他见见世面，挣不挣钱无关紧要。

梁子见到我，先一愣，后大笑，拍着我刚剃的光头说：“好小子，哥就需要你这样的人。”

海子也在院内。海子手里牵着一只小绵羊，雪白的毛，弯弯的角，很温顺地低着头。狗儿说：“梁子哥，中午咱们杀羊吃。”

围观的人都齐声叫好，落雪的小院儿顿时沸腾起来。说到杀羊，在咱村里真是少见。我们地处汉江河畔，水美草肥，家家养羊，可自家很少吃，大都卖给羊贩子。要想很利索地杀死一只羊，还真是件棘手的事。

为了表现自己，海子先动起了手。他把羊往树上一拴，从灶房拿出一把菜刀就向羊奔来。海子向左，羊角向左，海子向右，羊角向右。几个来回后，小绵羊奋力一击，反把海子掀了个仰八叉，引来大伙儿一阵哄笑。

“山子上。”梁子点了我的名，我的脸就莫名其妙地发烧起来。我靠近小绵羊，小绵羊“咩咩”地叫了两声。它可是认识我的，同在一个村里生活，它吃草我吃饭，抬头不见低头见。前天我还扯过红薯藤给它吃呢。

我瞅它不备，弯下腰，伸出右臂，一下子搂着了小绵羊的头，准备朝小绵羊的咽喉切下。这时，我看到了小绵羊的眼睛里有了泪，晶莹剔透，顺着眼角流了下来。霎时，我心里一紧，“扑通”一声，手里的刀和羊一起落到了地上。最后，梁子出手了。梁子笑眯眯地骂我们都是笨蛋。这羊表面上看起来很温柔，其实骨子里倔犟着呢。梁子从屋里取出一棵大白菜。绿的叶，白的帮，极鲜嫩。梁子将白菜递到小绵羊的嘴边，小绵羊几经折腾，瞪着惊恐的双眼，不闻，不吃。

“别怕，别怕，我不会杀你的。”梁子乐呵呵地蹲下来，像对一位老朋友那么亲热。小绵羊看看梁子手里没有刀，眼神稍稍松懈了一下。梁子以手为梳，给小绵羊搔起痒痒来，那动作极温顺。小绵羊可能被感动了，饱含在眼眶的一窝泪水，扯成线流了下来。

小绵羊开始吃起白菜，并将身躯靠近了梁子。大伙儿也以为梁子不再杀羊了，打着哈哈准备离去。就在这时，只见梁子猛地一咬牙，飞快从袖简里抽出

一柄匕首来，从小绵羊的颈部扎了进去，手腕一翻，利刃直捣颈骨，然后顺势向下一划拉„„小绵羊和我们还没明白怎么回事，只见一股鲜血喷涌而出，羊的气管已被生生切断。小绵羊扑倒在地，一双翻白的眼睛瞪着梁子，嘴里还噙着一片白菜。

围观的人们也是一阵惊叫。梁子站起来，擦了擦带血的匕首，自得地说，准备剥皮起锅了。

那一晚的羊肉，我至今回忆不起是个什么味道。

第二天，雪依然下，大地一片耀眼的白。梁子走了，是一个人。苍茫的雪地上留下了一串孤独的脚窝。

1、请你用几句话概述这篇小小说的故事情节。

答：

2、结合上下文，品味下列句子中的加点词语，指出其表达效果。

(1)围观的人都齐声叫好，落雪的小院儿顿时沸腾起来。

答：

(2梁子猛地一咬牙，飞快从袖简里抽出一柄匕首来，从小绵羊的颈部扎了进去，手腕一翻，利刃直捣颈骨，然后顺势向下一划拉„„

答：

3、文中写到梁子点“我”名时，为什么“我的脸就莫名其妙地发烧起来”? 答：

4、阅读小说的最后一段，请你联系全文，说说这样结尾有何作用。答:

答案：

1、梁子回来了→梁子和我们一起杀羊→梁子孤独地离开村子。

2、(1)“沸腾”一词，运用比喻和夸张的修辞手法，形象生动地写出围观者的兴奋和当时场面的热闹。(2)运用动作描写，写出梁子杀羊时动作之快，下手之狠。

3、自己从来没有杀过羊，有些紧张；预感自己不能完成杀羊任务，有些害羞；面对朝夕相处的小绵羊，有些不忍。

4、示例：这样结尾交待了故事的结局，起到前后呼应的作用；运用环境描写，以雪的白、纯洁映衬“梁子”灵魂的黑暗、凶残；含蓄地揭示了小说的主题：以欺诈、凶残、伪善获得的成功必遭人们唾弃。

第三篇：四级段落翻译答案Key+to+Translation

1.中国面临的最严峻的挑战之一就是人口老龄化（aging population）。专家称在未来四十年内，中国老年人口将接近5亿，占据人口总数的三分之一。这无疑给中国经济增长带来了巨大的压力，但这也意味着更多的商机。人口老龄化将为养老院（nursing home）行业的发展带来良好的前景。据粗略统计，5亿老年人每月至少能为养老院行业带来5000亿元的经济效益。

Aging population is one of the most severe challenges in China.According to the experts, within four decades, China will have nearly 500 million elderly people, which accounts for one third of the total population.Such a situation will undoubtedly put huge pressure on the economic growth of China, but it also means more business opportunities.The fast-growing numbers of elderly people will bring a very good prospect for the industry of nursing homes.Based on rough statistics, half a billion elderly people can at least bring the industry an economic benefit of 500 billion every month.2.国画（Chinese painting）指中国传统绘画，历史悠久，远在2000多年前的战国时期(Warring States Period)就出现了画在丝织品上的绘画。国画的工具盒材料有毛笔(brush)、墨、纸盒丝绸等。国画从题材上主要分为三类：人物、山水、花鸟。国画起源于中国书法(calligraphy)，在本质上是一种线性艺术，试图采用绘画唤起意象和感情。国画在内容和艺术创作上，体现了古人对自然、社会、哲学、宗教和道德的认识。

Chinese painting, the traditional painting in China, has a long history.There were paintings on silks even in Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago.Tools and materials used in Chinese painting are brush, ink, paper and silk and so on.There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers.Originated from Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting is essentially an art of line, which attempts to arouse images and emotions with paintings.The content and artistic creation of Chinese paintings reflect the ancient people’s recognition on nature, society, philosophy, religion and morality.3.中国长城是中国古代为抵御敌人的侵袭而修筑的伟大工程。它位于中国北部，全长约8851.8公里。它始建于2000多年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，秦始皇统一中国之后联成万里长城。汉、明两代(the Han and Ming Dynasties)又曾大规模修筑，因此它是世界上修建时间最长的一项古代工程。长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建造工程之一，被列为世界八大奇迹之一和世界文化遗产(heritage)。

The Great Wall of China is a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies.It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers.First built in the Spring and Autumn Period over 2,000 years ago, it was united to become “the Wall of 10,000 Li” after Qin Shi Huang unified China.The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuilding and maintenance of the Great Wall.Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the longest time in the world.As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.4.西部大开发(western development campaign)是中国政府的一项政策，于2000年开始运作。目的是提高西部地区的经济和社会发展水平。西部大开发的范围是中国西部的12个省和自治区(autonomous region)。西部地区自然资源丰富，市场潜力大，战略位置重要。但由于自然、历史、社会等原因，西部地区经济发展相对东部落后。这一政策的实施可以使西部地区得到更快、更深、更广的发展，实现共同富裕(common prosperity)。

Western development campaign is a policy made by Chinese government and operated from 2000.Its goal is to improve the economic and social development level of the western areas.There are twelve provinces and autonomous regions covered in this campaign.The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and important strategic location.But because of natural, historical and social factors, the economic development in those areas lags behind that of the eastern areas.The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development in the western areas, which will help realize common prosperity.5.汉字源于远古时期对自然景物的简单描摹，如树木、河水、山川、人物等。这些描摹实际上就是象形文字(pictograms)的萌芽。甲骨文(Oracles)是刻在龟壳和兽骨上的古老文字，是汉字最早的形式。汉字的创造和应用对中华文明的发展起到了重要作用。汉字对世界文明的发展也产生了深远的影响。例如，日本、朝鲜等国家的文字都是在汉字的基础上创造的。Chinese characters began in ancient time as simple drawings of natural objects – trees, rivers, mountains and hills, human beings, etc.These drawings are actually the buds of “pictograms”.Oracles, the ancient characters carved onto tortoise shells and beast bones, are the earliest form of Chinese characters.The creation and use of the Chinese characters have played a significant role not only in the development of Chinese civilization, but in that of the world civilization.For example, the characters of some countries, like Japan and Korea, were created on the basis of the Chinese characters.6.孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004年在韩国首尔(Seoul)成立，目前已遍布100个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合(integration)。

Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world.Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture.The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world.The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea.At present, it has been established in 106 countries.Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.

第四篇：四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-3

四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案（3）

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A)Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B)Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life.We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news.We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck.We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: “It won't happen to me.” Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster.That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it.We buy insurance.We stow away provisions.We even make disaster plans and run drills.But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us.It shouldn't be.Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority.Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption.Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household.We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users.When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters.And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

C)House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction.That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential.Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn.That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers.Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike.So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D)There are many ways to approach offsite storage.It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium.Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress.They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch.They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium.Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers.Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E)Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups.The options are endless.However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home.You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service.More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage.Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods.Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis F)Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster.Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information.Systems crash, kids “rearrange” data, adults inadvertently delete files.Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications.So, once again, it's important to be prepared.As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential.However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration.To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile.For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone.Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup.Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery.Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster G)When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind.Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions.Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions.With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state.Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution.Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades.A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office.You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H)Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise.However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road.So, don't wait another day.Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again.Then, rest easy.对应题目： 1.You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2.For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3.You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4.The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5.It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6.You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7.Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8.The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9.The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10.You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案参考：

1.A 根据题干中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。2.B 根据题干中的信息词computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句话，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。3.B 根据题干中的信息词offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒数第二句话。

4.C 根据题干中的信息词most devastating causes定位到第一个小标题下第一段的第一句话可知原文提到了家庭火灾和水灾是个人电脑危机的最具毁灭性的根源。5.C 根据题干中的信息词back up our system及medium定位到第一个小标题下第一段的最后一句话。

6.E 根据题干中的信息词find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一个小标题下第三段的第一句话。

7.F 根据题干中的信息词physical disaster定位到第二个小标题下的前两句话。8.F 根据题干中的信息词backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二个小标题下的最后一句话。

9.G 根据题干中的信息词The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三个小标题下第一段的第一句话。

10.H 根据题干中的信息词prepare for your computer，总结文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

第五篇：2014.6段落翻译练习及答案

段落翻译练习及答案 1.茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布 达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori¬ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.2.京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京 剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3.联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公 布的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨胀至1020亿美元，同2011年相比增长了 40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令 中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个 国家。2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长6%,约840亿美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.4.中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临 着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提 供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基 础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会 成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化 社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消 费者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand.Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities.The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities.Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city.But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation.The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society.Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers.5.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.6.四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合 院之间的狭窄的街道被称为“胡同”。_个四合院有园林包围着四个 房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超 过700多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展，四合院慢慢地从北京消失。

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty.The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong，’s.A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls.Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.7.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung Youlan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.8.根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数据来看，到2053年，中国60岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的1.85亿一跃变为4.87亿，或者说是占总人口的35%。扩 张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family planning policies)限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。

The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 18

5million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging.The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child.Rapid aging poses serious threats to the country’s social and economic stability.9.景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的 耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的城镇。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的历史已经有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化。稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工艺，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美 的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而且让景德镇成为中国 唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics.It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful Town on the south of the Yangtze River.It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics.Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.10.中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催 生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他 们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”（the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年轻人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day.At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way.They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moonlight group”.This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those boom into wealth，who have received a high education, and who appreciate fast food culture.11.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自 尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几 千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.12.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代 诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征 着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国 的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗 烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals.For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion.The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake.The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.Besides the popular poultry and meat, peoplecook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake.13.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费 观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中 国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需 品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日 经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相 应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质 量的要求。

The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.