第一篇：国际英文合同范本
国际英文合同在现代国际化的时代越来越重要，是国际的交易、国际的合作等活动的基础。下面又小编来给大家提供一篇国际英文合同范本，给予参考。
关于英文销售合同范本
合 同 CONTRACT
日期：
合同号码： Date: Contract No.:
买 方：(The Buyers)
卖方：(The Sellers)
兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进，卖方售出以下商品： This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers;whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter:
(1)商品名称: Name of Commodity：
(2)数 量： Quantity:
(3)单 价： Unit price:
(4)总 值： Total Value:
(5)包 装： Packing:
(6)生产国别： Country of Origin :
(7)支付条款： Terms of Payment:
(8)保 险： Insurance:
(9)装运期限： Time of Shipment:
(10)起 运 港： Port of Lading:
(11)目 的 港： Port of Destination:
(12)索赔：在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质，规格和数量与合同不符，除属保险公司或船方责任外，买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。Claims: Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable.The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers.(13)不可抗力：由于人力不可抗力的原由，发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者，卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后，卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件，在上述情况下，卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。Force Majeure: The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after.The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident.Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods.(14）仲裁：凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决，如协商不能解决，则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁，仲裁将是终局的，双方均受其约束，仲裁费用由败诉方承担。Arbitration: All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation.In case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties.And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.买方： 卖方:
（授权签字）（授权签字）
第二篇：国际专利许可合同(附英文译本)
国际专利许可合同(附英文译本)
甲方：_________乙方：_________鉴于乙方拥有合同所述专利技术；乙方有权，并且也同意将专利技术的使用权、制造权和合同产品的销售权授予甲方；甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同的产品；双方授权代表经友好协商，同意就以下条款签订本合同。第一条 定义本合同下列词语的含义：1．1 专利技术，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和／或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利和专利申请。1．2 合同产品，系指本合同附件二中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。1．3 甲方系指_________，或者该公司的法人代表、代理或财产继承者；1．4 乙方系指_________，或者该公司的法人代表、代理或财产继承者；1．5 合同工厂系指生产合同产品的场所，即_________；1．6
备件，系指用以代替合同产品或其任何部分的备用件；1．7 部件，系指乙方随时书面允许甲方生产和销售的合同产品的构件及零配件；1．8 技术资料，系指列于附件一与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料，设计及其说明书等。但上述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料；1．9 净销售价，是指在扣除合同产品的包装费、安装费、运输费、商业和数量折扣、佣金、保险旨和税费之后的发票金额；1．10 合同生效日，系指本合同双方管理机构和有关权力机关中最后一方批准合同的日期。第二条 合同的内容和范围2．1 甲方同意从乙方获得，乙方同意向甲方转让合同产品的专利技术。这种技术应与乙方最新产品的技术完全一致。2．2 乙方以非独占方式许可甲方在中国设计和制造合同产品，以及销售和出口产品 的权利。2．3 乙方须向甲方提供与合同产品有关的专利技术资料和样机所需的配件，其具体内容和支付时间，详见本合同附件二。2．4 本合同产品不包括乙方外购件的专利技术，但乙方必须问甲方提供外购件的样本和技术说明资料与制造厂商的名称。2．5 乙方有责任接收、安排甲方赴乙方培训的技术人员，乙方应设法使其掌握上述合同产品专利技术。（详见本合同附件五）2．6 乙方负责自费派遣技术人员赴甲方进行技术服务。（详见本合同附件六）2．7 如甲方需要，乙方同意以最优惠的价格向甲方提供合同产品的零件、材料和配件等。具体内容双方另行协商2．8 乙方同意甲方有权使用其商标，在合同产品上亦可以采取双方的联合商标、或者标明根据售证方的许可制造字样。第三条 合同价格3．1 按照第二条规定的内容和范围。本合同采用提成方式计算价格，计价的货币为_________。3．2 本合同提成费的计算时间从合同生效之日后的
第_________个月开始，按日历计算，每年的十二月三十一日为提成费的结算日。3．3 提成费按当合同产口销售后的净销售价格计算，提成率为_________％，合同产品未销售出去的不应计算提成费。3．4 在提成费结算日后10天之内甲方应以书面通知的形式向乙方提交上一合同产品的销售数量、净销售额和应支付的提成费，净销售额和提成费的具体计算方法详见本合同附件三。
第三篇：国际标语英文
学中玩，玩中学，不出国的留学，不一样教育，不一样的学生.中文：成长快乐，智慧领航。英文：study your minds,enjoy yourselves!以先进的国际化教育理念关爱您的孩子，让孩子快乐的走向成功。
快乐学习，阳光生活！
快乐教育快乐求知
简单并快乐着
1.来吧！给英语插上快乐的翅膀，让我们飞遍全球！2.国际化理念，欢乐化英语 3.笑伴英语，走向国际 4.快乐英语伴你快乐成长 5.学英语，不亦乐乎？ 6.国际化！快乐化！英才化！7.我们是英才，快乐英语小专才！8.专业的国际理念，培养专业的英语人才！
英式的教育，中国的色彩。我快乐所以我学习。
走进新魔法，快乐每一刻；踏入社会，成就每一天！
快乐学习，快乐成长英文口号：happy learning，happy growing！education works wonders 快乐学习，让教育升级！以最快乐的方式，让孩子爱上英语。
寓教于乐，共创辉煌
融入世界的起点，接轨国际的桥梁
快乐的起点，成长的钥匙
原来学习可以如此快乐！
停留一分钟，别错过精彩！
致力于让中国的每一位儿童成为英语方面的no.1！
用更好的方式让中国的孩子爱上英语，！
拒绝死板，拒绝枯燥，可以让英语更有趣！
原来英语可以更有趣！
have funwork hardbe myself 新魔法英语，新式教学，开心上课，轻松学会。
雅普教育，先进的教育理念，轻松的学习环境，在欢乐中成长。
内外兼修，告别平凡。
游戏中轻松学英语，说一口流利的英语不再是梦想。
让孩子的英语令英国人自卑。雅普很自信！
跟我学，你会更轻松-----follow me,you will be more easily！
新魔法，新英语，新起点，新太阳，新教育。在新英语中沉醉，在玩耍中进步，在教育中升华
纯正英语从轻松游戏中学来，我们做得到！
让孩子在快乐学习中变成英语精灵，我们对您的承诺！艳阳中起航，让家长放心，让孩子开心
玩乐中学英语，成长中受教育，最新国际理念，雅普教育欢迎您！
寓知识于娱乐，在实践中培养孩子的能力；立教育之前沿，从素质上造就国际化人才 1 多说多滋味 say more.taste more 2 dont be shy.just try.3 丰富自己的口语吧 abundant own vernacular speech 4 生命的乐趣在于说the vital fun consist in saying 5 无论何时何地都要说say regardless and when and where and all 世纪之星的摇篮，让您的孩子轻松走世界
有梦有追求，雅普第一步！过硬的师资，全新的理念，是您成功的基石，成才的摇篮！
全新教育方式，挖掘无限潜力！
赢在起点，一生轻松。
视野成就卓越，快乐孕育智慧----国际的雅普，助力孩子跨越人生！different style!different future!非应试教学，玩乐中成长，学习的天堂
never give you up!对孩子的教育成长，雅普(yup)永不放弃！
在欢笑中成长，在快乐中成材，学英语就到“雅普”来！
孩子是主角，从他的角度喊出他的心声。
和新魔法英语一起成长 作明天的太阳！
兴趣是船，新魔法是帆，帆是引导你成功的方向!孩子英语的殿堂，国际视野 的成长。
1、嬉戏的童年，玩耍的学习，雅普英语abc。
2、yup使孩子变得可爱！yup让孩子热爱学习！
3、abcde，学习就像玩游戏；12345，天天进步在雅普！
4、呀呀学英语，噗噗玩游戏，雅普英语abc。
5、随性童趣，寓学于乐；英语天下，尽在雅普。
予学与乐，越乐越学。新魔法英语让孩子快乐学习。
教学雅俗共赏，普通中却方见不凡 1；‘英’歌燕舞，寓教于乐。2；英才摇篮。【英；在这里既是英语也是人才的意思。一语双关。】
成功，我们共同创造！
success , we all create together!i hear, i forget;i see, i remember;i do , i understand.热爱生活，学会生活，创造生活。learn how to love life;learn how to live a meaningful life;learn how to create your life.学校的目标应当是培养有独立行动和独立思考的个人，不过他们要把为社会服务看作是自己人生的最高目标。——爱因斯坦
the goal of the school is to develop the human beings of independent thinking and action, however they should view serving the society as their ullimate goal in life.------einstein 教育是帮助被教育的人，给他发展自己的能力，完成他的人格，于人类文化上能尽一分子的责任。——蔡元培
education is supposed to help those being educated, to enhance their ability to develop themselves, to perfect their personalities, so as to fulfil the duty as a member of the human race.— by cai yuanpei 健康是最大的财富
知识是永恒的追求
health is the greatest fortune, and knowledge is our permanent pursuit.接受生活挑战 培养全面素质
播种生活，收获习惯
播种习惯，收获性格
播种性格，收获命运 habits are framed in daily life;personalities are accumulations of one’s habits;destiny is partly determined by one’s personality.健康是最大的财富
知识是永恒的追求
health is the greatest fortune, and knowledge is our permanent pursuit.教师最佳的教育方法是做出榜样。
the best way of the teacher to teach students is to set up a good example.学生的健康成长和未来发展高于一切。
the first priority we should bear in mind is to ensure the healthy growth and promising future of our students.热爱学生，尊敬家长，团结同事
love your students, respect their parents, and get along well with your peers.每位学生的潜能远远超过已经实现的一切
every student can achieve much more than what he has done.创造愉快而又充实的人生
create a merry and full life.插上理想的翅膀，扬起青春的风帆
with my wings i fly to my ideal goal, with my sails i head for my safe harbor.篇二：企业文化标语中英文
标语：
1、人资行政：
耐心对待每一个问题，严肃对待每一项制度，细心对待每一件事情，爱心对待每一位同仁
every problem needs to be patient, every system be strict, everything be very careful, and every colleague needs caring with love 敢为正直，勇于正气，坚持正义，倡导廉洁 dare to integrity, encourage healthy trends, persist in justice, advocate incorruption 弄虚作假，心怀不轨，私利团体，背叛公司
保护环境是每一个公民应尽的义务，请节约每一滴水，每一度电，每一张纸。。
protecting the environment is the obligation of every citizen, please save every drop of water, each unit of electricity, every piece of paper...2、客服部饮水机两旁
感到困难是能力不足，觉得麻烦是方法不对
feel difficulty because of incapability，feel trouble because of wrong way 认真做事，能把事做对。用心做事，才能把事做好
work seriously can do right things，work diligently can do things well
3、第二接待室墙上：
创新是企业的生命之源，创新就是创造新的价值！
innovation is the sources of an enterprise’s life, innovation is to create new value!只有步入国际标准的轨道，才能步入无限延伸的空间！
only into the orbit of international standard, there will be infinite space!考核目的是提升，考核来源是目标。目标导向！the purpose for assessment is to improve, the source is target.target is guidance.没有完美的个人，只有完美的团队！团队无敌！
there is no perfect individual, only a perfect team!team, the greatest power!
4、会议室
会而必议，议而必决，决而必行，行而必果 necessary, execution, action and result 无事不学，无时不学，无处不学，成功之道也
learning in any time at any places, it is way of success.汇报工作说结果，请示工作说方案，总结工作说经验
report means a result, request means a solution, summary means the experience 学习改变观念，观念改变行动，行动改变命运
an idea change from learning, action from an idea, fate from an action
5、采购部
供应商优化——双赢、高效、廉洁合作
supplier optimization: cooperation based on win-win, efficiency and sincerity 关注技术的改进与创新，促进采购成本的改善和绩效的提高
to pay attention to technology improvement & innovation and facilitate to improve the cost and performance
6、财务部
真实性、可比性、准确性、及时性是财务分析的基本要求 want to be a good man, not to offend people, is essentially a cunning man, useless people.7、市场部
左右沟通求进步，上下沟通达共识，内外沟通做方案
8、销售部
用计划和行动管理，用事实和数据说话
management through a plan & action, speaking with facts & data 二十一世纪唯一不变的就是变，创造变化，并带来绩效突破性的提高
in 21 century, the only unchanging thing in the world is changing.create change to bring the break through
9、总经理办公室：
抓住不落实的事+抓住不落实的人=落实
pending work + pending person = implementation 正确指导+强制执行=管理
correct guidance + enforcement = management
10、东边楼梯：态度篇
只想到成功与失败而不要想到放弃，只为成功找方法，不为失败找理由，把平凡做到不平凡
“impossible” will be only in the dictionary of the eliminated individuals 社会充满着不公平现象，不要抱怨，抱怨自身的原因是努力还不够
当你陷入人为困境时，不要抱怨，你只能默默吸取教训，悄悄的振作起来。
11、大餐厅：为人篇
同心可以走得更远，同德才能走得更近
more longer with one-heart, more closer with same virtue 你把公司当成别人的公司，公司也会把你当成外面的人 when you treat the enterprise as others, you will be also treated as the outsider 黄金定律：你希望别人如何对你，你就如何对人
golden rule: you hope to treat others as the way to you 白金定律：别人希望你如何对他，你就如何对他
platinum rule: others hope to treat you as the way to him/her 爱护公共设施，保持餐桌卫生
care of public facilities and maintain table clean
12、技术中心：
分析测和试法规办公室：
文件受控易管理，贯彻执行要落实
it is easy to manage the controlled documents, but the implementation should be carried out.研发大办公室：
鹰一样的个人，雁一样的团队！要像老鹰一样看得远，不断激发自己的潜能；要像大雁一样的合作，才能飞得更高!both individuals and team like eagle with far-sighted eye, and constantly stimulate its potential, the team work similar to eagle and will achieve good performance!市场竞争不同情弱者，不创新突破只有出局
大实验室：
满足客户取决于性能价格比，今天，你做到了吗？
技术总监办公室：
持续的技术创新，是企业永恒的目标
continuous innovation of technology is an eternal target of the enterprise篇三：标语翻译
标语翻译(一)跳出标语译标语，现场见效最相宜
──中文标语英译的语句特点与现场效果(作者:吴伟雄)1.标语英译的通病分析
标语英译的通病，大体可分三类：硬译，误译和乱译。1.1鹦鹉学舌的硬译
例1：创一流服务，迎四海嘉宾。
改译：first class service to all guests.例2：北岭旅游度假区是您的投资宝地。
原泽：beiling tourist & holiday spending area? 上译以“电报译码”，逐字注音的方式来译“度假区”，因而拖泥带水，令人听了不舒服，看了很刺目。这和陆谷孙教授2005年8月6日在凤凰电视台的世纪大讲堂上批评把“收银台”译成silver receiving counter一样,实在离谱。
改译：beiling resort is a promising land for investment.爱泼斯坦、林戊荪、沈苏儒在《呼吁重视对外宣传中的外语工作》一文中指出: “死译”、“硬译”、“字对字翻译”之所以不可取，就因为这种作法违反了翻译的本质，违反了语言的规律，从而达不到交流的目的，甚至造成误解。可见,标语翻译之道，不是机械式的对应复制，而要根据原文的意思，运用译文的语言优势，进行简明的表述。有的时候，我们还要“跳出标语译标语”，即跳过标语原文的语义表述，译出标语深层的语用真意。1.2 囫囵吞枣的误译
例3：创优秀旅游城市，为名城争光。
原译：build a china best tourist city to win honor for our famous city.这是笔者的初稿译文。汉英词典也译“争光”为to win honor for。笔者有个习惯，译文出来之后，总怕有所不妥，或求同行推敲，或向外宾请教。适逢有朋自澳洲来，于是趋前请教。他问：既是名城，这honor是原有的呢，还是以后才有?真是一语惊醒“囫囵”人。笔者马上从囫囵吞枣的误解中跳出来，作出令他称许的译文。
改译：build a top tourist city of china for the honor of our famous city.例4：弘扬体育精神，促进国际往来。
另外，细细咀嚼之下，“弘扬”与“促进”，可用“多枝共干”的译法,以promote一词译之。改译；promote sportsmanship and int’l exchanges.好的标语，总是很简洁凝练的。动手翻译之前，必须以逻辑思维为基础，即对原文的表象、概念进行分析、综合、判断和推理，才能正确理解原文，得出准确的译文。囫囵吞枣，则消化不良,不可能理解和吸收原文的思想，译文就无从正确,或无法适用了。1.3 随心所欲的乱译
例5：××市人民争创优秀旅游诚市。
原译：the peoples of xx want to be an excellent travel city.这是随心所欲乱译的典型，用词不当，拼写有错不说，整个句子不合逻辑，“人民”变成“城市”了。就是这条英译标语，居然在南方一座争创优秀旅游城市的闹市区傲视全城市民和八方游客好几天。认真一点，是可以译得好的。
改译：build xx into a top tourist city of china.例6：xx市人民政府?? 原译：the government of peoples republic of xx.这一有严重政治错误的译文曾赫然印在xx市一本对外宣传画册上，而画册是在境外印制的。那么，译者若非别有用心，就是极不负责任了，把一个城市译成个“共和国”！
应当指出，境外有不少认真严谨的译品，由于文化背景、语言环境和外语思维的缘故，水平是高的或比较高的；但是，要译起中国大陆的社会、政治、经济术语，政府机构人员职务，技术职称,以及有地方特色的专有词语等，则由于情况不明、背景不清，准确率往往不高。对此，我们应有实事求是的认识。
标语翻译，是一项严谨、认真的学术活动，万万马虎不得，更万万不能随心所欲，不懂装懂，视严肃之事为儿戏。2.标语英译的语句特点
研究标语问题，先要了解什么是标语。标语的英文是slogan；而slogan的中文是标语、□号。何物slogan?它是古时苏格兰和爱尔兰人的战争呐喊battle cry,也是一种集合信号gathering word，有引人注意和令人难忘的特点(striking and easily remembered)，有很强的号召力和鼓动力。slogan,喊出来是口号，写出来是标语,有如下的语句特点： 2.1 引人注意，令人难忘
标语引人注意、令人难忘的特点会产生引起人们兴趣的视觉效果，使人易于记忆。海湾战争时期，笔者在夏威夷就见过一条毕生难忘的标语：
例7：i want you to the army！
其时，美国出兵伊拉克，国内征兵起高潮，大街上的海报中，征兵官员伸出的手指着观者的鼻子似的，产生迎头一喝的效果：我要你去当兵！适龄应征者见了，怎么也忘不了。笔者认 识的一些入了美国籍的华裔青年,顿有惶惶之感。
例8：tobacco kills more people than heroin & cocaine.美国三藩市要求大麻合法化的人抛出上述的口号标语，说明那个社会无奇不有。但标语本身，委实引人注目。
例9：肇庆市公安局报警中心
原译：zhaoqing city center of reporting to the police.此译与香港街上常见的“报案中心”的译文police report centre相比，就逊色多了。先让police赫然入目，真让急于找地方报案的人心头一亮：可找到了！原译文却拖泥带水，不够利落。
改译：police report centre of zhaoqing city(其实,此处的of zhaoqing city也不必用上).例10：来肇庆两天，游两个名城: 国家级历史文化名城，国家级风景名胜区。
标语的设计者在一巨幅广告牌上把“来我市两天，游两个名城”写成较大的字体，把后边的解释性文字写成较小的字。英译时，可先把引人注意的两句话译出来,然后译解释的部分,如下：
two days in zhaoqing，a visit to two cities.i.e.the city famous for historical culture and scenic attractions at state level.2.2 语声铿锵，语韵感人
slogan是由战争呐喊和集合信号演变而来的，自然应有听觉效果，使人如闻其声，易于 上口。
例11：酒后勿驾驶。
译文：if you drink, you cant drive.用押头韵的drink和drive一气呵成，铿锵的音响效果,给人以深刻的印象。
例12：服务传统，以您为尊。
原译:your satisfaction is our pride 译文脱乎原文的形式，但忠实地保留了原文的精神。如改用有和谐脚韵的译法,朗朗上□,效果会更好。
改译：its our pride(that)youre satisfied.例13：龙舟传友谊, x x奔世界。（x x 两字是某市之名）
原译：dragon boat delivering friendship / x x city facing the outside world.在一场中外交流音乐会上，外宾给音乐会命名为friendship through music，众人皆曰好。上例可以以此为鉴，再以近韵处理。
改译：friendship through dragon boats, / x x city towards the world.2.3 语言洗练，言简意赅
例14：提高生活质素，迈向美好未来。
这是香港地铁站海报上的标语。如果亦步亦趋地硬译出来，既破坏了画面效果，又使匆匆赶乘地铁的人看不下去。但该译文洗练简明，使人过目不忘： better living, brighter future.例15：今年更多新货，价格更加优惠。more for less this year.2.4 句法独特，扼要有力
笔者的一位中学英语教师鼓励学生用简短的句子时，说：挥舞短棒比舞弄长竹竿更加有力。有时可用省略句和适当的修辞方法，加强标语的感染力。
例16：惠康超级市场，价格始终最平。例17：安全环境齐手创，各行各业乐安康。
原译：work for a safer,，healthier work place.原译已无鹦鹉遗风了，然而神似十足。假如以a safer place为一固定的词组,来点回文韵味，顺读倒读都一样,岂不更好? 改译：work for a safer place for work.例18：立足中华，面向世界，走向未来。
原文是排比句，译文也排比译来：
base on china, orient to the world and aim at the future.例19：全面开创社会王义现代化建设的新局面。
原译：create a new situation of the socialist modernization construction in an all round way.译文内容准确，语法规范，可谓滴水不漏。但是，念起来要换气,写出来又太长，不是一条好标语。用对偶句的形式断句来译，效果会好一些。
改译：create a new situation, modernize in all fields.3.标语英译的可接受性 3.1文化背景与可接受性
标语翻译，由于要求简洁，不便交代背景，又罕有上下文作参考，因而要考虑读者的欣赏习惯和文化背景，使人容易接受。李长栓在中译英遣词造句的经验之谈中说:人们在表达思想时，遵守“成语优先原则”（idiom principle），即首先选用语言中业已存在的表达方式，当找不到现有的表达方式时，再使用自由选择原则（open-choice principle），即根据语法规则创造新的表达方式。业已存在的表达方式就是指成语、搭配、句套子等。如: 例20:桂林山水甲天下。
桂林市政府和中国翻译协会2005年4月14日召开新闻发布会，面向世界征集“桂林山水 甲天下”的最佳译文, 要求译文优美、贴切，既能准确表达“桂林山水甲天下”的涵义，又符合译语受众的欣赏习惯及文字表达方式，易于传颂。很明显,这就是文化背景与可接受性的问题了。英谚有云：east or west, home is best.我获优秀奖第一名的应征译文是: east or west, guilin landscape is best!我的这一译文，已经于9月下旬在北京召开的全国首届公示语翻译研讨会上我的大会主题发言中发表，11月30日在桂林举行的“桂林山水甲天下”名句译文研讨会上被评为“优秀奖第一名”，可谓摘了“桂”冠。据中新社记者唐咸威的采访报道，伟人毛泽东在生时的随身翻译，中国译协常务副会长唐闻生评点时认为，这样翻译，押韵，比较上口，既能准确地表述这一名句的涵义，也易于英语受众传诵和流传。她还说，天下，指中国还是全世界？这种翻
译，避开了这些，大家都能接受。这可以说是跳出“天下”译“天下”了。
例21：发展是硬道理。
原译：development is the only way.珠海特区原来的译文,把发展的重要性表达得淋漓尽致，但让人感到难于接受，可谓过
犹不及。不少人对这种译法都有参与热烈讨论的兴趣。外交界资深翻译过家鼎大使在一个学术报告中提出如下两译：
改译一：development is the top priority.改译二：development leads top prosperity.当然,如果是development is the only way to invigorate china(“发展是振兴中华的必由之路”),则另当别论。
例22：您的意见是我们决策的重要参考。原译：your views will be very important reference for us to make our policies.如果是在□译场合，这样翻译还是不错的。作为标语，就不如下译更具可接受性了。改译：your views will help shape our policies.例23：做名城市民，讲社会公德。
原译：be citizens with social morality in our famous city.词典上确有社会公德的译文：social morality;social ethics；public-spirited。但英美人士觉得难以理解,不知所云，不如用civic virtues。
改译：be virtuous citizens in our famous city.例24：请勿乱丢宣传单张，违者可被检控。
译文：it is an offense to litter handbills.这条在香港湾仔天桥上的中英对照标语，一针见血地指出乱宣传单张是违法行为。违法 可被检控，照当地的文化背景,也在情理之中,不言自明了。3.2 心理因素与可接受性
标语翻译，由于要求简洁，既要考虑读者的文化背景，还要考虑读者的心理因素，使人容易接受,而且乐意接受。
例25：法律规定：前面座位必须让给耆英或伤残人土。
这是美国三藩市公共汽车上的标语。英美人士，不喜欢被人说老，也不喜欢说别人老。在美国华人社会，连“老人”、“长者”也不写了，来一个“耆英”。还郑重声明，这是法律，叫人不接受也不行。美国的老人公寓,叫golden age village, 敬老院则叫home for golden agers。例23标语的英译,也须做到不言其“老”而“老”意自明，其译文是： it’s law.front seats must be vacated for seniors and persons with disabilities.香港，伤残人土还可用the disabled。美国的这条标语，则要让他们也可以和正常人一样，有享用person的权利。而its law的句型,使笔者想起美国进攻伊拉克时夏威夷报纸的通栏大标题：its war!人人都接受了前方的信息：开战了。
例26：让wic（妇孺计划）帮助你。let wic work for you.不用help，而用work，更具可接受性。3.3语句选择与可接受性
这里说的语句选择,既包括可接受性词语的选择,又包括可接受性句型的选择。
例27：有困难，找派出所。
第四篇：英文合同
Sales Agreement
销 售 协 议
Agreement No:---
This Agreement is made on this date as of June 01, 2011 , by and between the following Parties:
下列买卖双方经友好协商，同意2011年 月日订立本协议。
The Buyer 买方：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNACO.LTD.：北京中洋环球金枪鱼有限公司
Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
中国北京市朝阳区京顺路200号
Tel 电话：86-10-89669988 Fax 传真： 86-10-6435 9456
The Seller 卖方：
Address 地址:
Tel 电话：
Fax 传真：
Consignee and Payer are appointed by the Buyer as below for the time being.The Buyer should inform the Seller in written form if any change of consignee or payer.买方目前指定的收货人和付款人如下。若收货人或付款人有变动，买方应以书面形式通知卖方。
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The Consignee 收货人：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNA CO.LTD.北京中洋环球金枪鱼有限公司
Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing北京市朝阳区京顺路200号
Tel 电话：86-10-89669988 Fax 传真： 86-10-6435 9456
The Payer 付款人：BEIJING ZHONGYANG GLOBAL TUNACO.LTD
北京中洋环球金枪鱼有限公司
Address 地址：NO.200 Jingshun Road Chaoyang District, Beijing北京市朝阳区京顺路200号
Tel 电话：86-10-89669988 Fax 传真： 86-10-6435 9456
Whereas, the Buyer contemplates to import the agreed products and holds all necessary permits for this kind of importation, and the Seller has the capacity to provide these products.买方需要进口协商确定的产品并具有进口该类产品所需的所有许可；卖方具有以供应该类产品的能力。
Therefore, the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned Product during the period of this Agreement according to the terms and conditions stated below:
为此，买卖双方同意在本协议有效期内按照以下的条款购买/供应下述产品：
1.PRODUCT & PRICE 产品及价格
Product 产品：------------Frozen Tuna(---------)冷冻金枪鱼
COMMODITYGRADENET/CTNQ’TYUNIT PRICEAMOUNT 品 名等级单箱净重数量单价(CFR 新港)總價
Origin 产地：
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Negotiated and agreed according to market price per season and the Buyer confirmed in written form of Purchase order(See Annex One).The Seller confirmed in form of Invoice.参照市场行情价格每季度协商确定。买方以定单（参见附件一）的书面形式确认价格及数量，卖方以发票形式确认价格及数量。
2.INSURANCE : TO BE COVERED BY THE SELLER
3.保险由卖方负担。
3.PURCHASE ORDER 订货单
During the Period of this Agreement, as for each shipment, the Buyer should contact in advance with the Seller on the quantity, delivery time and other particulars of this shipment, and based on the consultation results, issue a written Purchase Order to the Seller, stating the quantity, unit price and delivery time and other particulars agreed by the Seller.The Seller shall arrange the shipment as agreed and issue an invoice to the Buyer.在本协议期内，对于每批货，买方应事先与卖方就数量、交货时间及其它特定条件进行洽谈。
在卖方认可这些条件后，买方应向卖方发送注明数量、交货时间及其它特定条件的订货单。卖方应按照订货单的要求安排发货并开具销售发票。
The Purchase Order will be prepared by the Buyer.Its format is enclosed as Annex One of this Agreement and shall be adopted by the Buyer.买方应使用并填写本协议附件一所示的订货单。
4.DELIVERY TERMS 发货条款
CFR XINGANG
Period of shipment：
The specific time for each shipment will be showed on the purchase order and should be determined when the Seller receives the Buyer’s purchase order.发货期：
具体交货日期会显示在订货单上，并应在卖方接到买方的订货单后确定。Transportation 运输方式：By sea container海运
The seller will provide the completed documents required by Buyer and conform to the law of CIQ and china customs.卖方所提供的单据必须齐全,并符合中国有关法律。
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55.PAYMENT TERMS 付款方式
The Buyer should pay byT/T ：15 days after declaration of the goods by the buyer and T/T to the account of the seller.买方应在其收到货后15天之内将货款付给卖方
6.收款人账号信息:
INFORMATION OF BANK ACCOUNT OF THE SELLER:
7.CLAIMS 索赔条款
The products must be checked upon delivery.Claims due to quality of the Tuna must be made in
written immediately and for maximum 7 days after delivery.Tuna subject to claim must not be resold
without Agreement.The seller should issue credit note for the claim within 1 month after claim.买方应在货物运抵后即刻检查货物的状态。对于提出索赔的货物，买方不得在未经卖方许可的情况下销售。卖方在接到买方提交的索赔报告后，应在1个月内开具索赔通知单。
The Invoiced amount must always be paid in full as agreed.Deduction from an invoice can only be
done if the Seller has issued a credit note.只有卖方开具索赔通知单（Credit Note）的情况下，买方才可冲抵发票金额。否则，发票金额必须全额支付。
8.CONFIDENTIALITY 保密条款
Both parties are obliged not to publish the content of this Agreement, also including cases of
disagreement, to competitors, press, TV etc.and not to disclose any content of this Agreement to any
other third party unless the PRC laws and regulations require otherwise.买卖双方都不得以任何形式向竞争对手、新闻媒体及任何第三方透露本协议中的内容，除非中国的法律和法规要求如此。
9.PERIOD OF AGREEMENT 协议期限
The period of this Agreement is June 2011 – Dec.2011
本协议有效期为自------
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10.TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT 协议的解除
One Party has the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally prior to the expiry of this Agreement
if any of the above terms/conditions are breached by the other Party.The unilateral termination will
take effect when a written notice has been duly issued to the default Party.若协议一方有任何违反上述条款的行为，则另一方有权在协议到期前单方解除协议。当违约方收到另一方解除协议的书面通知时，本协议自动失效。
The Termination of this Agreement will not relieve the default Party of any responsibility and
obligations under this Agreement which has occurred prior to termination of this Agreement.本协议的终止并不免除违约方在协议终止前、协议中规定的责任和义务。
11.DISPUTE RESOLUTION 争议的解决
Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Agreement which cannot be amicably settled
between the parties, shall be submitted to No.2 Intermediate People’s Court of Beijing for hearing.If
the disputed amount is too low to meet the acceptance criterion of the above said Court, the dispute
shall be submitted to People’s Court of Beijing Chaoyang District for resolution.任何有关本协议的争议或纠纷应先通过友好协商解决。若协商仍无法解决，则应提交北京市第二中级人民法院审理。若标的不足以达到上述法院的受理标准，则应递交北京市朝阳区人民法院受理。
Buyer：Beijing Zhongyang Global TunaCo.Ltd.买方：北京中洋环球金枪鱼有限公司
For & On behalf of:
授权代表
Seller:
卖方：
For & On behalf of :
授权代表：
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第五篇：英文合同
美国资深律师经验：二十一世纪写好合同的五十招（英汉对照）作者：James.Martin 来源： 梅世杰的日志美国资深律师经验：二十一世纪写好合同的五十招（英汉对照）
作者：James.Martin
FIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT STAYS OUT OF COURT
二十一世纪写好合同的五十招
作者：James.Martin
译者：胡清平
Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov.2000
（本文于2000年11月发表于美国佛罗里达州的律师杂志上）
Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.作者注：本文仅供参考，并不旨在提供法律意见
译者注：翻译本文并未得到原作者同意，故译文仅供学习和研究使用.------------------Welcome to the 21st Century.Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of computers and the Internet.And where litigation is as costly as ever.Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit.With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high.Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世纪的到来，要求我们在法律实践中应该多用电脑和互联网，不过，诉讼成本还是那么地高，面对日益竞争激烈的违约诉讼，律师每月开出1万美元的账单也是常有的事。合同中的每一个字，每一个词，每一句话，都意味着潜在的输或赢，换句话说，押在这上面下的赌注也很大，所以，在起草合同时要把握两条原则：小心谨慎和深思熟虑。
Drafting contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practicing law.Just 3 years ago at this Convention I presented 50 tips for contract writing.This article updates those tips in the context of our new tools and abilities.Following these tips could result in your writing a contract so clear no one will want to litigate it, saving your client from the trials and tribulations of litigation, truly a good reason to write the contract that stays out of court.然而，起草合同的确又是法律实践中一件有意思的事儿。大约三年前，也是在这样一个会议上，我提出了合同起草的50招。本文在那些招数的基础上，结合一些新的工具和技能，推出了下面这个新版本,但愿它们能帮助你起草无可挑剔的合同，让你的客户免受诉讼的困扰。
These tips apply to writing all kinds of agreements: office leases, real estate contracts, sales agreements, employment contracts, equipment leases, prenuptial agreements.They even apply to stipulations and settlements in litigation, where you want an agreement so clear that it avoids future litigation.Wherever clarity and simplicity are important, these tips will guide you there.The Appendix provides a few sample forms to illustrate these tips.这些招数适用于各种合同，比如，办公租赁合同、不动产合同、买卖合同、劳动合同、设备租赁合同、婚前协议。同样，如果你不想让你在诉讼中所起草的和解条款与协议再起争议的话，也可以参考一下这些招数。另外，通过了解这些招数，你就会明白，起草合同，清晰、简明是多么地重要。本文的附录提供了一些简单的法律文书范本-----这将有助于你理解这些招数。
Before You Write the First Word
第一部分：在动笔之前
1.Ask your client to list the deal points.This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration.Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.1.要求你的客户列出合同交易的要点，也可以说是合同的清单、目录或概述。这一招首先帮助你的客户弄清合同的重点所在。
2.Engage your client in “what if” scenarios.A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties' understanding in case those facts arise.Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.2.让你的客户提供一些假设可能发生的情况。好的合同不仅能够预见到许多可能发生的情况，而且还能清楚地描述出发生这些情况后合同双方的立场。和客户聊这些情况将有助于你发现一些你可能没有考虑到的问题。
3.Ask your client for a similar contract.Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.3.请求你的客户提供类似的合同。通常情况下，客户都保留着过去的交易记录或者是类似合同。
4.Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form.Many times you can find a similar form on your computer.It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer.Just remember to find and replace the old client's name.Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing.Here are some Web sites where you can find forms:
http:// 5.Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM.Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as West's Legal Forms(a nationwide set)and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications.These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as checklists of typical provisions and wording to include in the contract.Many treatises and form books now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.5.从书中或者是光盘上获取合同范本。典型的合同范本在一些范例书中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文书（全国版）佛罗里达州文书期刊，另外，在有些论文和佛罗里达州律师协会的法律继续教育出版物中也可以找到一些。起草合同时，你可以把这些范本当做原始资料，利用其中某些典型的条款和措词。更为方便的是，许多论文和书中的合同范本都有电子文本储存在磁盘或光盘中。
6.Don't let your client sign a letter of intent without this wording.Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared.A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times.Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes.See Appendix C.6.如果没有特别申明，不要让你的客户在意向书上签字。有时候，在合同未准备好之前，客户为了表示诚意，往往急于签署某些东西，当然，在这种情况下，如果客户急于签署的是有特别申明的意向书，这也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向书并非合同，只是双方为了更好地沟通协商，而拟定的对未来条款的概述。类似意向书的范例见附录C。
Writing that First Word
第二部分：开始起草合同
7.Start with a simple, generic contract form.The form in Appendix A is such a form.It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract.Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.7.从简单、典型的合同入手。附录A就是一个简单、典型的合同，它提供了一个合同的基本支架。像房子一样，一个合同必须有一个牢固的根基。
8.State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph.As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts.For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc.For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.8.在合同的第一段要写清楚双方的名称。，这是个简单而又不得不引起重视的问题。如果是个人，要写清姓和名,中间有大写字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。
9.Identify the parties by nicknames.Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read.For example, James W.Martin would be nicknamed “Martin.”
9.确定合同双方的别称（简称）。为便于阅读，一般要在合同的第一段为双方弄一个别称，如：将詹姆士.马丁简写为“马丁”。
10.Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames.Do not use “Contractor” as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor.Do not use “Agent” unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.10.使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时，要小心。除非一方当事人在法定上就是承包人，否则不要将“承包人”作为其别称。同样，除非你想让一方当事人成为法定上的代理人，否则不要称其为“代理人”，如果坚持要用，最好明确一下代理范围并找到其他可以避免将来争执的方案。
11.Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph.Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed.It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the “December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate.”
11.在合同的第一段要为书写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放在第一段，当合同签署后，你就能够很容易地找到它，而且，这样做还可以给你在其他相关文件中准确地描述这个合同提供帮助，范例如：不动产买卖合同，订立于2000年12月20日
12.Include to provide background.Recitals are the “whereas” clauses that precede the body of a contract.They provide a simple way to bring the contract's reader(party, judge or jury)up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc.The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct.This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.12.书写引述语。引述语是指那些放在合同主体前面的“鉴于”条款。书写此类条款的目的是为了让读者（通常指合同双方，法官，陪审团）很快地了解到合同的主要内容是什么，合同双方是谁，以及他们为什么签订合同，等等。当然，合同主体的第一段也可以加上引述语并陈述其是真实准确的，如果这样做了，合同双方将来就不会争执：引述语作为合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？
13.Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order.The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion.It is not necessary to write them all at once;you can write them as you think of them.Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs.For example, write an employment contract's initial paragraph headings like this: Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.13.按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词.合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺序组织起来的，当然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的标题词，想到多少就写多少，不过，这些标题词要力求总结出每个段落或相关段落的内容。比如：撰写劳动合同时列出的标题词就像下面这些：
引述语
聘用
职责
期限
赔偿
14.Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph.This is simple.You learned this in elementary school.Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.14.在撰写每一段时要注意内容集中，不要东拉西扯，是的，这很简单，你可能上小学时就学过，但我还是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分别说明合同双方同意做什么，不同意做什么。
15.Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add.It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract.Jot these down on a pad as you write;they are easily forgotten.Also keep your client's outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.15.放一个便笺簿在手边，以便记下需要添加的条款。在书写合同的同时，你可能随时会想到一些需要添加条款、措词和问题，要尽快记在便笺簿上，因为他们太容易忘了。另外，你最好将客户列出的要点和一些类似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在书写过程中随时查对。
16.Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity.Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once;it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity.Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way.In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.16.除非是为了更清晰地说明问题，否则不要在合同中重复陈述某个内容。将一个事实来回地说很容易让人模棱两可。如果你将一个概念重复地解释，那理解起来就更有困难。另外，如果你想通过一个例子来阐明一个难以理解的概念或规则时，一定要考虑到其所有的含义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。
What to Watch Out for When Writing
第三部分：撰写时的注意事项
17.Title it “Contract.” Do not leave this one to chance.If your client wants a contract, call it a contract.A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled “Proposal” was not a contract even though signed by both parties.The lesson learned is, “Say what you mean.” If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word “Contract” in the title.17.标题上注明“合同”两字。不要为碰运气而忽略这个。如果你的客户需要合同，就要注明是合同。一个仍在联邦法院里任职的法官就曾经裁定：有双方签字，但标有“建议书”的文件并非合同。这给我们的教训就是，你怎么想，就应该怎么说。如果你想让你的文件成为具有法律效力的合同，就要在标题中注明“合同”字样。
18.Write in short sentences.Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.18.写短句子，因为短句子比长句子让人更容易理解。
19.Write in active tense, rather than passive.Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent.Example of active: “Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer.” Example of passive: “The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.”
19.用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言，主动语态的句子更简短，措词更精练，表达更明白。还是让我们来来看一个例子吧，主动语态的句子：卖方将把此物卖给买方;被动语态的句子：此物将被卖方卖给买方。
20.Don't use the word “biweekly.” It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week.The same applies to “bimonthly.” Instead, write “every other week” or “twice a week.” 20.不要用“双周”之类的词，因为这有可能产生歧义----是两周还是每隔一周？类似的词还有“双月”,所以最好这样写:“两周”或“每隔一周”。
21.Don't say things like “active termites and organisms”.Avoid ambiguity by writing either “active termites and active organisms” or “organisms and active termites.” When adding a modifier like “active” before a compound of nouns like “termites and organisms”, be sure to clarify whether you intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one.If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun.If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.21.不要说“活动着的白蚁和有机体”之类的话，为了避免模棱两可，最好这样写：“活动着的白蚁和活动着的有机体”或是“白蚁和活动着的有机体”。当一组名词（如“白蚁和有机体”）前有一个修饰语（如“活动着的”）时，你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是修饰两个名词还是仅仅修饰第一个名词。如果是修饰两个词，可以用排比的手法分别在这两个词之前加上修饰语，如果你只想修饰一个名词，那么你就应该把这个词放在这组词的最后，然后在它的前面加上修饰语。
22.Don't say “Lessor” and “Lessee.” These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped.Use “Landlord” and “Tenant” instead.The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B.This is where you can use your creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.22.不要说“出租人”和“承租人”。这对一个租赁合同来说是些不好的别称，因为他们容易被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“房东”和“房客”来代替他们。同样，在合同中也不要说留置权人和留置人，抵押权人和抵押人，保证人和被保证人，许可人和被许可人，当事人A和当事人B......到底怎么说，这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了，不过，要把握的一条原则，即在整个合同中，对合同一方只能用一个别称。
23.Watch out when using “herein.” Does “wherever used herein” mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.23.使用术语“本文（herein，也可译为”“在这里”）时要当心。为了避免含糊不清，使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个合同，还是指其所在的某一段落。
24.Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten(10).This will reduce the chance for errors.24.写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用，如：拾（10）。这将减少一些不经意的错误。
25.When you write “including” consider adding “but not limited to.” Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.25.如果你想用“包括”这个词，就要考虑在其后加上“但不限于.....”的分句。除非你能够列出所有被包括的项，否则最好用“但不限于....”的分句，来说明你只是想举个例子。
26.Don't rely on the rules of grammar.The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal.The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules.Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous.Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and commas, then read it.Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.26.不要依赖于语法规则。那些你在学校里得到的语法规则并不是放之四海而皆准的东西，因为有权力来解释此合同的法官或陪审团成员学的语法规则可能和你学的不一样，但不管学的是什么规则，撰写合同都要遵循一个基本原则：简洁、明确。检测你写的东西是否达到这个要求有个好办法，那就是去掉所有的句号和逗号，然后去读它。在没有标点符号的情况下，选择正确的词语放在正确的位置上，这将使你写出来的东西更简明，更流畅。
27.Don't be creative with words.Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning.Contract writing is clear, direct and precise.Therefore, use common words and common meanings.Write for the common man and the common woman.27.不要创造词语。合同文书不是创造性的作品，也就不能因为意思的细微差别而引起思考或争论。合同文书应该是清晰、直接而准确的。因此，要使用普通的词语,表达普通的意思，为普通人撰写合同。
28.Be consistent in using words.If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as “goods” use that term throughout the contract;do not alternately call them “goods” and “items.” Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition.Don't worry about putting the reader to sleep;worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.28.用词一致。在一份销售合同中，如果你想用“货物”来指整个合同的标的物，就不要时而称它们为“货物”，时而又改称它
们为“产品”。保持用词一致性比避免重复更加重要。不要担心这会让读者打瞌睡；你应该提防的是对方律师会因为含糊不清的合同而将你告上法庭。
29.Be consistent in grammar and punctuation.The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them.Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style.29.在文法和标点符号上保持一致。你可能学过许多不同类的文法和标点符号规则，但在使用它们时最好保持一致。要特别注意句末的引号、时间和地点之后的逗号以及文风的相似性。
30.Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee clauses.If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some “ammunition” for the fight.Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.30.可以在合同中加入准据法、审判地、律师费等条款。有了这些条款，一旦合同引起诉讼，你就已经为了你的客户打这场诉讼战准备了一些“弹药”。类似的条款见附录A和B。
Write for the Judge and Jury
第四部分：要为法官和陪审团考虑
31.Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman.If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.31.要假设合同的读者是一个受过教育的外行,如果你书写的合同简明得连一个外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上，你也不用害怕。
32.Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes.Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning.The following are two sample clauses for defining terms: Wherever used in this contract, the word “Goods” shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this contract.Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten(10)frying pans, hereinafter called the “Goods.” 32.强调一个合同术语可以这样做：加上双引号并将其开头的字母大写。将一个词语的开头字母大写表明你想让它有一个特别的意思。下面有两个定义术语的例子：
一.本合同中使用的“货物”(“Goods”)是指买方已经同意向卖方购买的货物;
二.本合同中买方同意向卖方购买的拾（10）只平底锅，即下文中的“货物”(“Goods”)。
33.Define words when first used.Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining terms and concepts as they first appear in the contract.This will make it easier for the reader to follow.33.第一次使用某个术语时就要下定义。定义合同术语不是在合同的开头，也不是在合同的结尾，而是在这个术语第一次出现的时候，这样做，有利于读者更好地理解合同。
34.Explain technical terms and concepts.Remember that the parties might understand technical jargon, but the judge and jury who interpret and apply the contract do not.Therefore, explain the contract's terms and concepts within the contract itself.Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.34.勤于解释合同中的术语和概念。要记住合同双方的当事人可能会理解合同中某些专用术语，但法官和陪审团却可能一无所知。所以撰写合同时要让合同自己为自己释义。
Keep Your Client Informed While You Write
第五部分：书写时要常和你的客户沟通
35.All contracts should come with a cover letter.This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.35.所有的合同都应该有一封说明书---用来告诉你的客户如何使用和签署合同。
36.Tell your client the ideas that come as you write.Many ideas will occur to you as you write: things that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better.Write these in your letter to the client.36.告诉客户你在撰写过程中的一些想法。比如：哪些事情可能会随着交易变得很遭，哪些事可能会在将来发生，哪些事情已经发生了，哪些可以让事情朝好的方向发展的方法.....你最好在给客户的说明书中都将这些都写上。
37.Inform your client of the risks.Writing a letter to the client as you write the contract is the perfect way to inform the client of the risks and rewards of entering into the contract.Frequently, problems do not become apparent until time is spent trying to word a contract.37.告诉客户合同的风险所在。在撰写合同时，你最好向客户说订立合同需要承担的风险和能够得到的利益。通常情况下，只要你花时间来起草合同，你就会发现真正的风险在哪里。
What To Do After the First Draft Is Written
第六部分：完成初稿后做什么
38.Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both manually and with your word processor's sp
elling and grammar checker.This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type.(Unfortunately it also changes “per stirpes” to “per stupid” if you fail to watch it closely.)And now there are even computer programs that check contract documents for undefined terms.DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.38.核实合同的拼写情况、段落序号以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手动来做，也可以用文字编辑软件中的拼写和语法检查功能来完成，特别是自从有了微软的 word软件后，做这样的工作你似乎不要费多少精力（但机器有时也不可靠，如果你不看仔细，它就会把“per stirpes”改变为 “per stupid”）。现在，这类专业的软件甚至可以帮你检测到合同中没有释义的术语，如：Corel公司专门为法律办公开发的文字处理软件包中的 DealProof软件，还有可供word97和word2000下载安装的DocProofReader软件。
39.Let your secretary or paralegal read it.Not only will your staff frequently find spelling and grammar errors missed by your word processor's spell checker, but they will find inconsistencies and confusing areas that you missed when drafting.39.让你的秘书或者助手阅读你草拟的合同。你的同事不仅能通过文字处理软件来帮你检查到你没有查到的拼写和语法错误，而且他们还能发现你起草时没有察觉到的矛盾和混淆之处。
40.Sta
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