第一篇：厉兵秣马的同义词
厉兵秣马是什么意思？厉兵秣马的同义词是什么？下面跟着小编一起去看看吧。
厉兵秣马，成语，意思是磨好兵器，喂饱战马。形容准备战斗，也比喻事前做好准备工作。出自先秦·左丘明《左传·僖公三十三年》。
厉兵秣马的近义词 ：
励兵秣马、严阵以待、秣马厉兵、盛食厉兵、披坚执锐、训兵秣马、练兵秣马、厉兵粟马、砺戈秣马
厉兵秣马造句
1、各生产单位正厉兵秣马,为春运高潮的到来作准备。
2、大学联考失利后，他厉兵秣马，苦读了一年，终于能够榜上有名。
3、随着汛期临近，无为县厉兵秣马，立足于防大汛抗大灾，力保全县长江堤坝和十多处内圩安全度汛。
4、在这设备完善的体育场，本校足球队员正厉兵秣马，准备挑战明年的全国杯。
5、中华棒球代表队厉兵秣马，准备在这次的亚洲杯一展身手。
6、我军厉兵秣马，已完成备战工作。
7、考试时间愈来愈近，大家都厉兵秣马，作最后的冲刺。
8、曹操在北方站稳脚跟以后,积极厉兵秣马,准备南下。
9、原来，想要成为一名优秀的班主任还真得厉兵秣马，付出心血和代价。
10、我们早已厉兵秣马,准备在这次运动会上夺取团体赛冠军了。
11、随着春节假期接近，旅游业者无不厉兵秣马，准备抢食这块旅游大饼。
12、到了80年代兄弟会厉兵秣马加入政治主流，开始和埃及国m党，劳动党以及自由党合纵连横。
13、冬天,村民厉兵秣马,修渠、整地、积肥,准备开春大战一场。
14、自开战以来，我军日日厉兵秣马，准备迎敌。
15、随著春节假期接近，旅游业者无不厉兵秣马，准备抢食这块旅游大饼。
16、严阵以待的近义词是枕戈待旦、厉兵秣马。
17、今天的厉兵秣马将在未来挽救数百万人的生命.18、经过数年厉兵秣马,用友已经形成了包括财务通、票据通、营销通、办公通、医院通以及新近发版的商贸通在内的用友“通”系列产品。
19、今辽兵厉兵秣马久矣,兵强将勇。
20、商业上，拥有一项对手根本不懂的技术是无价的，正如战争一样，出其不意和厉兵秣马一样重要。
21、除此之外，就是团队中的每个成员，无论是年轻的“新兵”，还是经验丰富的“老兵”，都必须厉兵秣马，随时准备奔赴赛场。
22、摘要2002年大选失败后，法国社会党并未从此消沉，而是进行了深刻的理论反思，改革组织制度，调整竞选战略，厉兵秣马，为迎战2007年大选积极筹备。
23、butter则不同。这个词极有可能是欧洲中部的日耳曼人厉兵秣马准备对付罗马人的时候学会的，而那时，古英语的时代还没开始。
24、有一种业绩叫做汗马功劳，有一种运势叫做马到成功，有一种准备叫做厉兵秣马，有一种辛劳叫做戎马倥偬，有一种面貌叫做龙马精神。愿您在新的一年里，以龙马精神应对戎马倥偬的工作，一路厉兵秣马定会马到成功，新年快乐！
25、那个聪明人自回来便一直在做着傻事，威胁、利诱、强令、欺骗、煽情、悲壮、卑鄙、逗乐，一切都为造就一个战斗团厉兵秣马的幻相。现在他跌回我们中间。打滚吧，和泥浆同在，舒服时别忘了哼哼。兰晓龙
26、因为马的褒义词多,从成语中就可以看出,千军万马、老马识途、龙马精神、厉兵秣马、万马奔腾、鞍不离马甲不离身等。
27、赵匡胤黄袍加身,气吞山河,大宋禁军挥戈指天下;雁门关外,契丹辽国初露峥嵘,厉兵秣马,以待天时;面对如此兵锋,南唐儒家少年,投笔从戎,乌衣行天下。
28、兵马未动粮草先行,从在过去两个月与供应商密切往来消息可以推断,苏宁早已开始厉兵秣马,全力准备此次“平京战役”的d药。
29、在四川,朵彩、俞兆林、顶瓜瓜、金考拉等实力大牌先后厉兵秣马,强势上阵,拿出秘密武器,今年准备大干一场。
30、攻下陈仓,蜀军就地驻扎休整,孔明派王平、张翼四处收拢王双、陈仓败军,打散之后混入各营之中,再派人往李严处催粮,厉兵秣马,势要再破魏军。
31、庙算之事,却与升斗小民无关,任你厉兵秣马,我自孤帆撒网。
32、且说在渤泥国厉兵秣马的郑芝龙通过南洋的老关系,联络上了马六甲的华人甲必丹李为经。
33、然后举国上下厉兵秣马60年,做足了充分的准备,只等铁血外相小泉纱毕做好战略部署,就要发动大规模的侵略战争。
34、在开局接连迎战强敌的赛程下,后半季较为轻松的赛程更有利于热火厉兵秣马准备季后赛。
35、只愿做一个为民请命的真仁记!第1卷破茧成蝶,第2卷初生牛犊,第3卷藏龙卧虎,第4卷厉兵秣马,第5卷与狼共舞,第6卷白龙鱼服。
第二篇：厉兵秣马的同义词是有什么
厉兵秣马的同义词是有什么
厉兵秣马的同义词：
励兵秣马、严阵以待、秣马厉兵、盛食厉兵、披坚执锐、训兵秣马、练兵秣马、厉兵粟马、砺戈秣马
【出处】先秦·左丘明《左传·僖公三十三年》：“郑穆公使视客馆，则束载、厉兵、秣马矣。”
成语“厉兵秣马”故事
春秋时期，秦国派杞子、逢孙、杨孙三人领军驻守郑国，却美其名曰为：帮助郑国守卫其国都。公元628年，杞子秘密报告秦穆公，说他已“掌其北门之管”，即掌握了郑国国都北门的钥匙，如果秦国进攻郑国，他将做秦国内应，协助秦国攻郑。
秦穆公接到杞子的密报后，觉得机不可失，顾不得听取大夫蹇叔的劝阻，便立即派孟明、西乞术、白乙丙三位将军率兵进攻郑国。
蹇叔的儿子也随部队出征，蹇叔哭泣着对自己的儿子说：“你们一定会在淆这个地方遭军队抵御，到时我来帮你收尸。”
秦军经过长途跋涉后，终于来到离郑国不远的淆国，刚好被郑国在这里做生意的商人弦高碰到。弦高一面派人向郑穆公报告，一面到秦军中慌称自己是代表郑国前来慰问秦军的。弦高说：“我们君王知道你们要来，特派我送来一批牲畜来犒劳你们。”
弦高的`这一举动，引起了袭郑秦军的怀疑。秦国将领怀疑郑国已做好了作战的准备，所以对继续进军犹豫不决。
郑穆公接到了弦高的密报后，急忙派人到都城的北门查看，果然看见杞子的军队“束载、厉兵、秣马矣”，即人人扎束停当，兵器磨得雪亮，马喂得饱饱的，完全处于一种作为内应的作战状态。对此，郑穆公派皇子向杞子说：“很抱歉，恕未能好好款待各位。你们的孟明就要来了，你们跟他走吧！”
杞子等人见事情已经败露，便分别逃往齐国和宋国去了。孟明得知此消息后，也不情愿地下令撤军。
成语“厉兵秣马”便来自于典故中“束载、厉兵、秣马矣”。
——《左传·僖公三十三年》
【求解驿站】磨好兵器，喂饱战马。形容做好战斗准备。厉，同砺，磨；兵，兵器；秣，喂牲口。
【活学活用】孙权克仗先烈，雄据江东，举贤任能，～，以伺中国之变。（陈亮《酌古论·吕蒙》）
【妙语点拨】“国家兴亡，匹夫有责”“位卑未敢忘忧国”的中华民族优秀品质在弦高身上体现得淋漓尽致。弦高只是郑国一个以买卖为生的普通商人，但当他听说秦国要攻打自己的国家时，毫不犹豫地冒着破产和被识破而杀头的双重危险，把自己用来做生意的牲畜送给秦军，还委婉地透露给秦军一个信息：我们郑国已经知道你们来了，已经做好准备了。弦高之所以如此做，是想拖延秦军进攻的步伐。与此同时，他又派人飞快地回国报告，让郑国迅猛备战。这是一个多么机智、勇敢，又值得敬仰的儒商啊。
【近义】严阵以待、枕戈待旦
第三篇：厉兵秣马2015年高考英语作文
厉兵秣马备2015年高考英语作文 1.The Power of Smile As time goes by,people are being busier and busier with working,such as signing their contracts,meeting their customers,drawing up the balance sheets of their companies and so on.In this circumstance,people forget our most excellent skill--smile.随着时间的推移，人们在工作上越来越忙，如签订合同，见客户，制定企业资产负债表等。在这种情况下，人们忘记了我们最优秀的技能——微笑。There are a great many kinds of power of smile.First of all,common touch can be showed by a kind smile.Imagine that you go to a company to attend an audition.With a confident smile,you are more likely to answer the question better.Furthermore,smile can eliminate angry.As a philosopher said,smile before you begin to get angry.The last but not the least,it reflects calm of a person when he is in danger or in trouble.微笑的力量很多。首先，微笑可以作为平易近人的一种表现。想象一下，你去一个公司参加面试。带着自信的微笑，你有可能会更好地回答问题。此外，微笑可以消除愤怒。一个哲学家说过，在你开始生气之前微笑。最后但并非最不重要的，当一个人处于危险或者麻烦的时候，微笑反映了一个人的镇定。The beneficial aspects cannot be stated completely in this passage.But you can understand its power when you smile.微笑的好处在这里是无法一一列举的。但是，在你微笑的时候你可以理解它的力量。
2.The real ecological tourism Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency.All the way we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and fresh air.But a few of us picked flowers as while going sightseeing..Some even tried to catch the birds they saw.What was worse,many tourists threw rubbish here and there.The rubbish may do harm to wildlife there.I don‟t think this is a true eco-travel.A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love for nature,but needs our responsibility as well.As we enjoy the beauty of nature,we should try our best to protect it.And we should also try to protect wildlife.A true eco-travel should be like this:take nothing away but your good memory;leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.3.The Importance of Self-Confidence People say that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring you courage to stick to what you do.Without self-confidence,one can not do well in anything.Self-confidence is of great importance and value to a person.人们说自信是成功的一半，它能给你带来勇气去坚持你所做的事。没有自信，一个人就不能做好任何事。自信对一个人很重要也很有价值。
Firstly,self-confidence enables us to have the ambition of being successful.Only when you have the ambition to be successful,can you be successful eventually.Secondly,once we gain self-confidence,we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties.With self-confidence,no one and nothing can stop you to success.Thirdly,with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible previously.No great thing is easy for us,therefore we should hold the idea that anything is possible.We should,or have to trust in ourselves首先，自信使我们拥有成功的雄心。只有当你有成功的野心的时候，你最后才能成功。其次，一旦我们获得了自信，我们就拥有了勇气和力量去克服挫折和困难。有了自信，没有人也没有什么能够阻止你成功。再次，有了自信我们可能实现一些以前看起来不可能的事。没有什么大事对我们是容易的，因此我们应该相信一切皆有可能。我们应该，或者必须相信自己。In short,self-confidence is the spiritual pillar of a person as well as the inherent power,which is of great importance and value to a person.总之，自信是一个人的精神支柱也是一个人的内在力量，它对一个人很重要也很有价值。
4.Wealth and Happiness Some people think wealth can bring happiness to them.It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor.They work hard and overcome many difficulties.After doing this,they feel very happy and pleased.Even their spending money is a kind of happiness。But some people believe wealth can‟t bring them happiness.For example,when one gets a fortune,the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him.And afterwards,they will quarrel with one another,trying to share more.And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing.What a terrible result!In my opinion,I think there is no doubt that wealth brings happiness,especially in the modern society.If you have money you can lead a comfortable and colorful life.But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth.Remember：money is not everything。5.build an energy-saving society Recently，there has been an activity of“doing your bit for an energy-saving society”in our school.Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.Some students suggest that we shouldn‟t waste any food or paper,though they appear very easy to get.Meanwhile,some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags.Besides,it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates,which are still in good condition,not be thrown but recycled.Actually,there are still quite a lot that we can easily do:say,try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars,etc.All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.6.中国梦
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream.Inspired by President Xi‟s Chinese Dream, everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream.We all believe that this dream will come true in the future.I also talked about my own dream.I have always wanted to be a doctor.Not only can doctors save people‟s lives but also they are doing a respectable job.Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge.To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on.I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor.Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.7.如何处理人际关系
Classmate conflicts among senior middle school students are often heard on campus over recent years.These conflicts make the excitement of campus life grow grey and have bad effects on both their living and learning.Classmate conflicts often rise from daily tiny things such as space where to store books or notes.When personalities don‟t mix, the specifics can tear classmates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts.Besides, the fact that classmates hold different attitudes towards certain issues is another factor causing these conflicts.Classmate conflicts are harmful and need to be settled.Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts, I believe learning to be tolerant with each other can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise.Meanwhile, communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts result from misunderstanding.8.Protect Traditional Chinese Culture The passage mainly tells us the importance of protecting traditional Chinese culture, which is challenged or facing extinction because of the developing society and changing lifestyle.Besides, China is nationwide sparing no efforts to do it.(36 words)The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious development between local economic and social development.It is reported that the Guangdong government pays special attention to protecting Chaoju(潮剧)，a local drama born in Chaozhou in the eastern Guangdong province.In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively.To start with, we should make a law to regulate the society‟s performance.Besides, we should draw more people‟s attention to it, for the more they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public.In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.9.减负
Since our learning burden was reduced, we have had much more time to enjoy ourselves and develop our own abilities.Last Saturday, I, together with my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua, went to the bookstore.We had intended to buy some books to be used as extra homework.But we found that there were so many wonderful books, such as Chicken Soup for the Soul, that we just could not bear to put them down.At last after much mental struggle, we each bought 5 books, including 3 different copies of Chicken Soup for the Soul, so that we could exchange after reading.Of course I did not forget my academic study.After I finished my homework, I previewed what to be learned in the next week.I also went online to get some information about what I did not understand in my studies, from which I gained a lot of knowledge.In a nutshell, reducing the learning burden not only gives us more time to have fun but also offers a freedom to develop on our own.10.Heal the world
Nowadays，world leaders are in Copenhagen talking about climate change.Who has such a strong power to gather them from busy work?It„s our mother——the Earth that has told her kids to start to heal the environment for the pressing threats they are facing now.It„s commonly thought that lots of countries are blind to the protection of environment while developing the country.And as the quality of life has developed，many families have its own car.As a result，more and more CO2 has caused the earth to be a “Green House”。If no measure is taken，a large number of kids won‟t see the lovely and beautiful snow in winter before long.To my delight，some people have been concerned about the environment.The movie <<2012>> is just a good example.It took me 150 minutes to watch the movie.At the same time，I spent a long time considering the meaning which the movie wants to tell people.When the world is at an end，can anyone heal themselves?It„s obvious that the answer is No.It‟s commonly accepted that what the director wants to tell people is that we should take measures to beautify the environment at once or we„ll die soon.In a word，the environment pollution is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.People all over the world are supposed to spare no effort to heal the world.Let„s take action from here and now!11.交网友 Dear David, I've learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.I'm glad that you show such great interest in China and I would like to be your friend.I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture.When you have an opportunity to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest.Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can.How do you think? I'm looking forward to your reply.12.成长的烦恼The Growing Pains
When we are little, we are eager to grow up, so that we can break free of parental discipline even leave them far.Since we were a little child, we have to be governed by teachers in school and endure parent‟s ramble at home.These are our growing pains.Besides, study, friendship, sometimes campus romance may trouble us.However, as we grow up, we gradually find that things mentioned above are not pains at all.There are much more serious things brother us.For example, we may be less sensitive to the simple happiness and loss them gradually.It‟s hard for us to laugh from our heart.Moreover, we are in the age that we are eager to grow up but afraid to grow up either.The ambivalence afflicts us a lot.However, no matter what happens in our growth, they are parts of our lives.We must accept them actively and do not let the pains prevent us from happiness.小的时候，我们都渴望长大，以便能脱离父母的管束，甚至离他们远远的。自从孩提起，在学校我们就被老师管着，在家又得忍受父母的絮絮叨叨。这就是我们成长中的烦恼。此外，学习、友情，有时候甚至校园恋情都会来叨扰我们。但是，随着慢慢长大，我们逐渐发现以上这些根本称不上是成长的烦恼，还有很多更烦恼的事让我们纠结不已。例如，我们慢慢地对一些简单的快乐麻木了，于是就失去这些快乐了，我们变得很难发自内心地微笑了。还有，我们正处在渴望长大但又害怕长大的阶段，这种矛盾情绪折磨着我们。但是，不管在成长的过程中遭遇到什么，它们都是我们生活中的一部分，我们要乐观地接受，不让烦恼挤走快乐。
13.环境保护Dear brothers and sisters, On behalf of the University Students' Union, I, the Chairman of the Union , am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign.It is the duty of every global villager;man just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment, which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment.Do you cherish precio us opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental protection? Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth;Right next Saturday, our university is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city.The University Students' Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.Let's join our hands and take action immediately.Yours sincerely, 14.志愿者（1）Sir or Madam：
Thank you for taking your time to read my letter.As the coming of the International Trade Exposition（世博会）, I‟d like very much to be a volunteer。
All our citizens are hosts for this special event.Above all, I promise I should endeavor to serve with enthusiasm our distinguished guests from all over the world.Besides, I have a rich knowledge about Chinese history, so I will be not only a servant but also a carrier for our splendid culture.What‟s more, as we all know, English as an international language, will play an important role in communication during the Exposition, and I am good at it.I can express myself fluently and clearly in English。
To sum up, I believe I can be a qualified volunteer.I will value it and do all I can if I could be accepted to be one。
15.志愿者（2）As we know, a growing outbreak of H1N1 flu has been sparked in many countries.An increasing number of cases are being reported every day。
It‟s thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。Faced with this severe disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy.First, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze.Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.Germs spread that way.If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them。
Finally, H1N1 flu is not a terribly deadly disease, which is curable.So, don‟t be nervous and just keep calm as usual。
16.环境友好型、资源节约型社会Recently，there has been an activity of “doing your bit for an energy-saving society”in our school.Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.Some students suggest that we shouldn‟t waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get.Meanwhile, some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags.Besides, it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates, which are still in good condition, not be thrown but recycled Actually, there are still quite a lot that we can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars, etc.All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.17.分享的意义 The Meaning of Sharing
I believe when we were little babies, we were taught to learn to share with others.At first, I don‟t understand.But now I can understand gradually.Share happiness will make me feel happier, while share my sadness with my friends will make me reduce sadness.When I told my friends I got the first praise in the recital contest, they all congratulated to me and said many good words, which made me happier.When I got blame from my teacher, I told my friends, which made me felt comfortable.Besides, their comfort also helped me feel better.What‟s more, sharing my experience with others that help them lots can makes me feel satisfied.Anyway, sharing my emotion and things with others makes me feel awesome.You‟d better try to learn to share, and then you will understand.我相信在我们还是小孩的时候，我们就被教导要学会与人分享。起初，我不是很明白。但现在我慢慢地了解了。分享快乐会让我更加快乐，而和朋友分享我的悲伤也会减轻我的悲伤。当我告诉我的朋友我在朗诵比赛上取得第一名的时候，他们都向我表示祝贺，并说了很多好话，这让我感到更开心。当被老师责备时，我告诉我的朋友，说出来能让我感到舒服。此外，他们的安慰也能让我感到更舒适。更重要的是，分享我的经验给他们，能够帮助他们使我感到很满足。不管怎么说，与别人分享我的情感，事情让我觉得很棒。你最好也努力尝试着分享，之后你就会明白了。
第四篇：同义词辨析
汉古语代绪论一古代汉语的内涵二开设古代汉语课的意义三古代汉语学习的方法第五节同义词辨析 一同义词 参考书 洪成玉《古汉语同义词辨析》 程湘清《古汉语实词释辨》1 何为同义词 指词汇中那些意义相同或相近的词古汉语中由于单音节词占绝大多数并且前人多以一字训一字于是同义词就大量繁生《尔雅》《说文》俯拾皆是如《说文》元始也丕大也禄福也佑助也祺吉也秘神也皇大也珍宝也玩弄也中内也茅菅也菅茅也《国语》韦昭注观示也戢聚也载则也树立也戈戟也于于也肆陈也堪任也绪事也典法也保养也障防也戎兵也隐痛也恤爱也为治也勤劳也2确定同义词的客观依据 一般地说属于下列情况之一的可以认为是古汉语同义词即同义词的来源一互训
饥饿也饿饥也 更改也改更也 逃亡也亡逃也 觉寤也寤觉也 考老也老考也说文同训 扶佐也辅佐也说文 省视也说文》 相亲也尔雅 适之嫁逝往也 遵率循由从自也尔雅三同义递训《淮南子·本经训》高诱注变更也《说文》更改也《国语》韦昭注改易也《淮南子·修务训》高诱注易革也四互义对文 《法言·五百》言可闻而不可殚书可观而不可尽互文 《归去来辞》请息交以绝游对用 《陶渊明》白日沦西阿素月出东岭 唐·钱起竹怜新雨后山爱夕阳迟五部分异文同一内容在不同的书中用词不同不包括通假如《左传·僖23 》公子怒欲鞭之《国语·晋语》公子怒将鞭之《史记·司马相如传》今梁孝王卒《汉书·司马相如传》今梁孝王薨六古人同用或在现代汉语中构成了近义同义复合词的在古代是同义词如 诸葛亮《出师表》 崩殂疲敝危急开张恢弘
菲薄简拔施行广益晓畅 行陈和睦兴隆驱驰危难
谨慎兴复斟酌又如现代汉语的合成词偶优伶俳谄谀淡泊泛滥漂浮沐浴险阻堤防追逐雕琢遭遇操持把握想念零落软弱果敢刚强忧愁简节疾病见闻坟墓命令饥饿甘美渺小同义词只是部分意义相同即使互训也不完全相同因此同义词是异名同实一词多义是同名异实 这两种现象是词义运用中的相反相成相互制约的对立统一体汉语同义词丰富是古汉语发达的标志之一3同义词之间的共同点同义词有人曾从字形语音等方面为同义词分类a 形旁相同沐浴险阻追逐 把握思念怀想b 古音相近祸害答对聊赖 贪婪源泉c 形音无关舟船观察哭泣 贫穷等同义词的判定我们认为应从语法功用词义系列的角度分析有更多收获 首先从语法角度考察同义词必定词性相同反过来词性不能构成同义词其次从词义系统看同义词可在如下层次上构成同义关系 甲乙二词本义引申义假借义本义0 0 0 引申义0 0 0 假借义0 0 0 1本义相同如《说文》互训的词考老也通达也逆迎也祸害也等2本义与引申义同 吏治人者也 官官署官吏 面
脸双颊脸面3引申义相同的同义词经纵丝悬挂吊死缢两绳相交吊死 落叶落降落 堕败城阜崩落 降人从上下来落下4本义与假借义同 乃气出之难也 而颊也借为连词 吾自谓也 我农具借为代词5引申义与假借义同 元头始 哉语气词借为始 6假借义同 奚奴隶借为疑问代词 何荷之本字借为疑问代词 胡动物下巴的肉借为疑问代词 害灾祸借为疑问代词同义词的差别1适用范围对象的不同2 程度深浅轻重不同3 形状情态质地用途不同4 侧重方面不同5 褒贬感情色彩不同6 语法功能不同军师士卒兵军师士卒兵都有好些意义它们的大部分意义都是彼此互不相干的只有作为军事方面的用词在一定的场合用法有些相近但基本意义仍是不同的军和师都是集合名词指军队《左传· 晏婴论季世》卿无军行《左传· 曹刿论战》齐师伐我同是指军队在先秦师字一般指出征在外的军队而军字则不是汉代以后多用军字指军队师字逐渐很少用来指军队军字可以指出征在外的军队例如《资治通鉴· 赤壁之战》引军北还但成语还是说出师不利军和师又都用作军队的编制单位军是春秋以后军队最大的编制单位据《司马法》载一万二千五百人是一军师是西周以前军队的最大编制单位据《殷契粹编》第五九七片王作三师右左中说明商代有三师西周有六师《诗经· 大雅· 常武》大师皇父整我六师据《周礼· 地官· 小司徒》载一师是二千五百人后代往往沿用军师为军队的大的编制单位一般师比军小人数也因时代或辖属而有所不同士是武士甲士上古用车战的时代士是战车上的甲士与作为步兵的卒是不同的《左传· 襄公十年》诸侯之士门焉卒是步兵《左传· 郑伯克段于鄢》具卒乘将袭郑卒也是用作军队的编制单位是比伍大的基层编制《孙子兵法· 谋攻》全卒为上破卒次之卒一百人以内兵是兵器上古时代兵一般不当兵卒讲《左传· 文公七年》训卒利兵卒是人所以要训练兵戈矛之类所以要利战国以后兵也可以当军队讲《战国· 策触龙说赵太后》必以长安君为质兵乃出这种兵既不能换成卒字因为它不是一个一个的士兵也不能换成军字或师字大概军师重在指武装人员而兵字虽然也指军队但重点还是指武器汉代以后兵逐渐与卒完全同义可以用来指士兵领颈项 领是脖子《诗经· 卫风· 硕人》领如蝤蛴齿如匏犀颈本是脖子的前部《左传· 定公十四年》使罪人三行属剑於颈而辞属剑於颈是准备自刎当然是把剑放到脖子的前部交颈是脖子的前部相交这些颈字都不能换成领字吻颈也不能说成吻领可见颈和领是有区别的延颈是伸长脖子的前部向高而远的地方瞭望引领是伸长脖子向前面望二者也是不同的领引申为衣领领子《荀子· 劝学》若挈裘领再引申为率领《汉书· 魏相传》总领庶职这都是颈没有的意思后来领一般不用本义只是用它的引申义於是颈代替了领所以《说文》说颈头茎也头茎是指整个脖子因此领和颈只是一对古今同义的骈词后人不察把它们在上古的差别也忽略了项是脖子的后部《荀子修身》行而俯项非击戾也项与领颈不同义庙观寺庵庙本是供奉祭祀祖先的地方《诗经· 大雅· 思齐》邕邕在宫肃肃在庙引申为供奉神祗的地方《水经注· 巫山巫峡》故为立庙号朝云焉观本是台观的意思后来用来指称道教的庙宇刘禹锡《游玄都观》玄都观外桃千树尽是刘郎去后栽寺本是官署的意思东汉以后只称佛教的庙宇《洛阳伽蓝记· 王子坊》王侯第宅多题为寺概括的说汉代以后庙是一般的庙宇奉祀的是神观是属於道教的奉祀的是仙寺是属於佛教的奉祀的是佛庵本是圆形草屋也作庵刘熙《释名· 释宫室》草圆屋曰蒲蒲敷也总其上而敷下也又谓之庵盗贼窃偷 盗和贼都用作名词上古盗贼二字跟现代意义正好相反现在普通话的所谓贼上古叫盗现在的所谓强盗上古叫贼《论语· 阳货》其犹穿窬之盗也与《庄子· 让王》卞随辞曰后伐桀也谋乎我必以我为贼也可见盗是偷窃的贼是抢劫的但是强盗也可以称为盗《庄子· 胠箧》圣人生而大盗起这也许是比较后起的意义在上古贼主要指违法乱纪犯上作乱的人《左传· 宣公二年》返不讨贼或者指事物的败坏者《论语· 阳货》乡原德之贼也这都是盗没有的意义盗又作动词表示偷东西《左传· 文公十八年》盗器为奸贼用作动词是伤害或杀害的意思《庄子· 秋水》至德者火弗能热水弗能溺寒暑弗能害禽兽弗能贼《左传· 宣公二年》使鉏麑贼之窃用作动词与盗同义《庄子· 胠箧》彼窃钩者诛窃国者为诸侯盗和窃的区别是盗可以用作名词窃不用作名词偷字在上古只当苟且讲《荀子· 王制》使百吏免尽而众庶不偷冢宰之事也《孙膑兵法· 将失》令数变众偷可败也汉代以后偷字才有偷窃的意思与盗窃成为同义词《淮南子· 道应》楚有善为偷者往见子发曰闻君求技道之士臣偷也《后汉书· 虞诩传》其攻劫者为上伤人偷盗者次之执秉把操持握 都有用手拿的意思是一组手拿物体的同义词同是拿着兵器既可以用执也可以用秉或把还可以用操或持《韩非子· 五蠹》执干戚舞《诗经· 商颂· 长发》武王载旆有虔秉钺《史记· 殷本纪》汤自把钺以伐昆吾《楚辞· 国殇》操吴戈兮被犀甲《左传· 成公十六年》寡君乏使使针御持矛是以不得犒从者虽然同是用手拿着但是意思并不完全相同它们又都可以引申为掌握控制抽象的事物意思也有细微差别执是一个会意字《说文》执捕罪人也《诗经· 大雅· 皇矣》执讯连连引申为捕捉动物《诗经· 大雅· 公刘》执豕於牢再引申为拿住非生物《左传· 成公十六年》文子执戈逐之然后引申为掌握抽象事物《左传· 襄公二十三年》又执民柄执的词义特点总是表示把东西拿紧把事物掌握牢固在古文字中秉的字形像手拿一把禾朱骏声《说文通训定声》手持一禾为秉手持两禾为兼《诗经· 小雅· 大田》彼有遗秉这裏用作名词意思是一把禾用作动词秉只见用於禾以外的物体或抽象事物《尚书· 牧誓》王左杖黄钺右秉白旄以麾《诗经· 邶风· 简兮》左手执龠右手秉翟秉的词义特点在於表示一只手从旁边拿着一种有把的东西而不在於是否拿得紧这正是它同执的区别引申为掌握抽象事物《诗经· 小雅· 节南山》秉国之均同是掌握国政执民柄有掌握牢固的附加意义而秉国之均没有把字出现较晚《孟子· 告子上》拱把之桐梓人苟欲生之皆知所以养之者赵歧注拱合两手也把以一手把之也这是表物量的名词表示物体的大小可以一手握住把用作动词是拿着的意思《战国策· 秦策》商人无把铫推耨之劳而有积粟之实把的词义特点同秉相同从古音古义来看秉是较古的词把是从秉演变而成的后起词汉代以后秉逐渐被把所代替但有些习惯说法如秉承秉公等是把所不能替换的而把的一些后起用法如把酒把握等也是秉所不具备的操和执的意义相近但操的重点不在拿得紧掌握得牢固而是拿得稳掌握得熟练《左传· 襄公三十一年》犹未能操刀而使割也操刀和执刀所表述的重点是不同的由於操是重在拿得稳掌握得熟练因此引申为操纵驾驭《庄子· 达生》津人操舟若神用於抽象事物是熟练地掌握《左传· 成公九年》乐操土风不忘旧也持也同执操的意义相近金文作像用手从下往上托扶着物体《论语· 季氏》危而不持颠而不扶则将焉用彼相矣《庄子· 渔父》左手据膝右手持颐引申为拿着有把的物体仍然有扶住维持平衡的意义《孟子· 公孙丑》子之持戟之士一日而三失其五《庄子· 秋水》庄子持竿不顾
第五篇：同义词关系
同义词关系
1，sycophantic：obsequious 阿谀的：奉承的2，adulate：fawn 阿谀：奉承
3，woo：adore 追求;崇拜
4，apocalyptic：prophetic启示录的：预言的5，inconsequential： illogical 不符合逻辑的6，bellwether：leadership领导者：领导阶层
29.7，advisor：consultant 顾
问
8，blandishment ：cajole 甜言蜜语：哄骗
9，prevarication：deceive：hoax 支吾：欺骗：愚弄
Equivocate：misleading模棱两可：误导
10，callous：impassive 冷漠的11，dupe：duplicity 欺骗，不诚实
12，caprice：whimsical 任性：反复无常
headstrong：willfulness 顽固，任性
Recalcitrant：stubborness 顽固：固执
pertinacity：refractory 顽固:难以控制
13，insight：discerning 洞察力：洞察
14，compendium：summary;epitomize:brevity 概略：摘要：摘要：简短
15，anthology：collection 文选：文集
16，daredevil：audacity蛮勇的：大胆的17，malcontent：dissatisfaction 不满的18，declamation：grandiloquence ：exaggerate：hyperbole高声说话：夸张
19，diatribe：abuse 抨击：辱骂
20，embarrass：mortify ：harass：fret：vexation：obsessed：distress：agonized：concern：irritating 使困窘：使苦恼：使烦恼：烦恼：烦恼：使困扰：苦恼：使痛苦：忧虑：使愤怒 21，indulge：mollycoddle 纵容：溺爱
22，encomium：eulogy 赞美：赞辞
23，entice：tempt 引诱：诱惑
24，faultfinding：criticize挑剔：批评
25，rift：breach 裂缝：破裂
26，furtive：stealth 偷偷地：偷偷
27，galvanized：stimulate 刺激
28，irrigate：flush 冲洗伤口：冲洗
30.，hack：carve 乱砍：雕刻
31.，gouge：engrave 挖出：凿刻
32.，haunt：familiar 萦绕心头：熟悉
33.，obfuscate：confusing 使困扰：糊涂的34.，impudence：brazenness 厚颜无耻
35.，interesting：intriguing 有趣的36.，bootless：futile（futility）无用的37.，jeer：derision ：deride：burlesque ：mockery：taunt：provoke：scoff：contempt 嘲笑：嘲弄：嘲笑：滑稽的：嘲笑：嘲弄：挑衅：嘲笑：轻蔑
38.，martial：military 军事的39.，runic ：mysterious 神秘的40.，malign：illwill 恶毒的：恶意
41.nefarious：wickedness 极恶的：邪恶
42.，diligent：effort 用功的：努力
43.，palatial：grandiosity 豪华的：宏伟
44.，lamentable：plaintive 哀伤的：悲哀的45.，museful ：ruminative 沉思的46.，generous：liberality 宽大的：宽大
47.，phlegmatic：stolid：imperturbable：composure 冷静
48.，peripatetic：itinerant 巡回的49.，plain：austere 朴素的50.，playful：banter 嬉戏：戏弄
51.，Brattish ：mischievous 淘气的：恶作剧的52.，pleasure：ecstasy 愉悦的：极乐的53.，melodious：lyrical 曲调优美的：抒情诗调的54.，static：immobility 固定的：不可移动的55.，polemic：disputatious 好争论的：好正变得
56.，invective：abusive：tirade 谩骂的：辱骂的：长篇攻击性演讲
57.，quixotic：idealistic 空想的：空想主义
58.，touchy：sensitive 敏感的59.，succor：relief 救援：解救
60.，caution：warning：admonish：advisory警告：劝戒
61.，pontifical：dogmatic 武断的：独断的62.，rebellious：resurgent：反叛的：重新席卷
63.，demur：objection 反对：异议
64.，unpleasure ：repugnant：odious：disgust不愉快：：讨厌的：令人讨厌
65.，scanty：meager不足：缺乏的66.，soluble：dissolve 易溶解的：溶解
67.，volatile：evaporate 易蒸发的：蒸发
68.，tightfisted：parsimonious：吝啬的：过分节俭的69.，plot：outwit 密谋：以智取胜
70.，star：sidereal 恒星：恒星的71.，emotion：affective感情：感情的72.，satire：lampoon 讽刺文学：讽刺
73.，thankful：gratitude 感谢
74.，lament：pity 惋惜：可惜
75.，recidivism：relapse 累犯：复发
76.，rehabilitation：convalesce 复原：渐愈
77.，postulate：presumptive 假定：假定的78.，cliche：hackneyed：platitude：bannal 陈词滥调：陈腐的79.，potable：beverage可饮用的：饮料
80.，habitable：dwelling 可居住的：住处
81.，preen：selfsatifaction 自负
82.，fume：anger 愤怒
83.，protest：dissuade 抗议：劝阻
84.，supplicate：entreat 恳求
85.，patronize：condescension 使领情：要人领情的态度
86.，perspicacity：acute：acumen：shrewd敏锐：敏锐：敏锐：干练
87.，nicety：precision准确精密：精确
88.，illusion：fantasy幻想
89.，dedicate：devotion致力，投入
90.，obliterate：remove删除：除去
91.，compliant：yield顺从的：顺从
92.，menacing：fear 威胁的：害怕
93.，officious：meddle多管闲事：干涉
94.，opportune：convenience 恰好的：方便
95.，impermanent：transience暂时的：短暂
96.，measly：contemptibly 下贱的：下贱地
97.，puny：weakly 微弱的：微弱地
98.，labyrinth：tortuous迷宫：曲折的99.，embellish：ornament：decorative装饰
100.，inexperience：green无经验：无经验的101.，mettle：endure 毅力：忍耐
102.，inspire：infuse：hortative：encourage：urge:exhortation：chee
103.鼓舞：力劝
104.，commend：esteem称赞：尊敬
105.，filibuster：delay 阻挠：拖延
106.，homogenize：uniform ：harmony：congruity使均匀：一致：一致的：一致 107.，putrefaction：rotten：腐败：腐蚀的108.，exculpatory：absolve辨明无罪：宣布无罪
109.，didactic：teach说教的：教授
110.，droll：laugh 好笑的：笑
111.，grooved：striated开槽的：有条纹的112.，braided：stranded编织成的：梳成辫子的113.，firm：ironclad 坚固的114.，smart：brilliant聪明的115.，evanescence：disappear 消失
116.，draconian：inclemency 严峻的：严酷
117.，diverge：apart：aside：digression分歧的：分开的：偏离：离题的 118.，traverse：across 横越：交叉
119.，depart：abscond离开：潜逃
120.，store：secrete 储藏：隐蔽
121.，despondent：depress意志消沉：沮丧的122.，crawl：proceed爬行;前进
123.，fantastic：amaze 奇异的：使惊奇
124.，dwindle：decrease缩小：减少
125.，countenance：tolerance支持：容忍
126.，convoluted：complexity 费解的：复杂的事 127.，charade：dissimulate装模作样：jiazhuang 128.，Void：emptiness 空洞;空
129.，chary：caution 细心：谨慎
130.，clandestine：secrecy 秘密的：秘密 131.，overt：openly 公然的：公然地
132.，ab-lib：impromptu 即兴的133.，alacrity：prompt 敏捷：快速
134.Ameliorate：improve 改善：提高
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