2012高考英语 常见写作用语教案

第一篇：2012高考英语 常见写作用语教案

2012高考英语书面表达专题（3：）常见写作语

有关 “承” 的词语, 用来承接上下文.1.by this time 此时 2.at the same time 同时

3.after a while 过了一会儿 4.after a few days 几天以后 5.second/ secondly 第二;第二点 6.in addition 另外 7.besides/ what’s more 另外 8.by the way 顺便提一句 9.in other words 换句话说 10.in particular/ particularly 特别地

11.worse still 更糟的是 11.in the same way 12.obviously 明显地 13.no doubt 无疑地 14.for example/ for instance 例如 15.therefore 因此 16.indeed 的确 17.unlike 不象„ 18.certainly 当然 19.for another 其次 20.still 仍然 21.similarly 同样地

有关 “转” 的词语, 用来表示不同或相反的意见 1.in/ by contrast 对比之下 2.unfortunately 不幸地 3.though/ although 尽管 4.even though 即使 5.anyway 无论如何 6.after all 毕竟

7.all the same 依然;照样

8.in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 9.fortunately 10.however 然而

11.in spite of 尽管;虽然 12.at the same time 同时;然而 13.otherwise 否则 14.on the contrary 相反 15.especially 尤其

16.There are two sides to everything.有关 “合” 的词语, 用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容 1.in a word/ all in all/ in conclusion 总之

用心 爱心 专心

同样地 幸运地1

2.to conclude/ to summarize 总之 3.in brief/ in short/ in summary 总之 4.on the whole 总体来说 5.above all 最重要的是 6.as a result 结果 7.obviously 显然 8.As far as I’m concerned, 就我而言

9.Taking all these into consideration考虑到„ 10.accordingly 因此 11.therefore/ thus 因此 12.as has been noted 如前所述 13.as I have said 如我所述 14.by doing so 如此

15.to speak frankly/ to be frank 坦白地说 16.It is quite clear that 很明显 17.There is no denying that „ 无可否认 18.Considering„ 考虑到„

记叙文

1.It so happened that ____________.2.Just at the moment, ____________.3.It impressed me most because __________.4.What happened was ___________.5.At first, ____________.6.Almost at the same time, ___________.7.What’s more, ___________.8.As a result, ____________.9.As I understand, ____________.10.On the one hand, _____________.11.On the other hand, _____________.12.Therefore, ______________.1.指出事情发生的地点 2.描述事情的开端

3.描述事情使自己印象深刻的方面 4.记叙事情的性质或特征

5.事情进展或情况表现的一方面 6.事情进展或情况表现的另一方面 7.事情进展或情况表现的第三方面 8.事情的进展结果 9.我的理解或看法 10.理解或看法一

用心 爱心 专心 2

11.理解或看法二 12.结论

说明文

1.Recently, ____________ 2.What surprises us most is __________.3.It is true that ____________.4.There are many reasons explaining _______.5.The main reason is ________.6.In addition, __________.7.Thirdly, __________.8.As a result, _________.9.Considering all these, __________.10.For one thing, _________.11.For another/ Also, _____________.12.In a word, ___________.1.描述现象, 引起话题 2.表现较为典型的一个方面 3.对于现象作出评论

4.承上启下, 解释这一现象的原因 5.说明原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三

8.讲述导致的结果 9.作者的态度 10.观点一 11.观点二

12.总结全文

议论文 1.There is a heated debate over _______.And different people offer different ideas.2.It is commonly accepted that ________.3.In contrast, others __________.4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest ___ 5.In their view, __________.6.However, others think __________.7.They argue that _________.8.As far as I am concerned, I agree with„ 9.First of all, _________.10.Further more, ___________.11.Thirdly, ____________.12.In a word, ___________.1.两种观点针对的争论焦点

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2.观点一

3.与观点一对立的观点二 4.观点一的理由

5.深入阐述观点一的理由 6.观点二的理由

7.深入阐述观点二的理由 8 我的看法

9.个人看法的依据一 10.个人看法的依据二 11.个人看法的依据三

12.个人结论或文章的结论 观点论证

1.It is well known that __________.2.The truth of it is self-evident.3.As we know __________.4.As we know __________.5.Many examples can be found to prove ____.6.Take _________ for example.7.Furthermore, __________.8.It goes without saying that __________.9.Then, __________.10.There is no doubt that __________.11.In conclusion, ____________.1.提出观点 2.强调观点

3.观点的理论依据 4.证明观点的准确性 5.提出事实, 论证观点 6.提出具体的例子 7.其他相关的事实

8.该相关的日常生活中的体现 9.重申该观点的准确性 10.得出结论 11.总结全文

建议信

Date _________ Dear________, 1.I am delighted to learn that _________.2.It ____________.3.In my opinion __________.4.On the one hand, __________.5.On the other hand, _________.用心 爱心 专心4

6.As to ________, I suggest _________.7.If _________.8.It is unnecessary for you to _________.9.In addition, ___________.10.I am sure ____________.11.Please inform me ___________.12.I am looking forward to _______.Sincerely Yours, Signature 信息提示

信件启首 1.写心的原因 2.引出作者的建议 3.表述建议的内容 4.提出建议的理由一 5.建议的理由二

6.具体到某一方面的建议内容 7.供被建议人选择的条件 8建议内容的另一方面 9.其他的建议 10.对

建议内容的评价

11.对建议内容所做的承诺 12.表达本人的愿望

信件结尾与签名

图表

1.Nowadays, there is a growing concern on _______.2.It is certain that _________.3.However, __________.4.It will cause many serious results if ______.5.Firstly, _________.6.Secondly, _________ 7.Finally, _________.8.In spite of all these, there are still many ways ____.9.First of all, ________.10.In addition, ________.11.Thirdly, ________.12.Only in this way, __________.1.提出问题

2.问题产生的背景 3.与背景相关的情况

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4.问题产生的原因 5.原因一 6.原因二 7.原因三

8.解决这一问题的方法 9.方法一 10.方法二 11.方法三 12.指明前景 投诉信

Date _________ Dear ________, 1.My name is ________.2.I am ____________.3.I’m writing you a letter about _________.4.The focus of the complaint is __________.5.For one thing, ___________.6.For another, ____________.7.Honestly speaking, __________.8.But __________.9.Besides, ____________.10.All in all, there is much room for improvement 11.I do hope __________.12.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours, Signature 信息提示

信件启首 1.写信人的身份 2.作者的身份 3.表述抱怨内容 4.提出抱怨的核心点 5.抱怨内容的一个方面 6.抱怨内容的另一个方面 7.客观的评论

8.抱怨产生的原因一 9.抱怨产生的原因二

10.总结所抱怨的事情现象有改进的空间 11.表达本人的愿望 12.信件结尾的常用语

信件结尾与签名

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其他相关词汇或句式

1.According to a recent survey, _________.2.the latest surveys show that ________.3.an increasing number of people 4.When it comes to education 5.No one can deny the fact that__________.6.It is generally accepted that ___________.7.This is a matter of life and death.8.For my part, ____________.9.In view of such serious situation 10.Despite many disadvantages 11.From what has been discussed above, ____.12.The issue has caused wide public concern.13.It must be noted that __________.14.As for me, __________.15.For the majority of people, _________.16.Consequently 17.It must be admitted that ________.18.point out 19.in favor of 20.It is universally acknowledged that ______.21.On no account will I help him.22.Never can you „unless „.23.People differ in their attitudes towards „24.People are divided on the issue.1.根据最近的一项调查 2.最新的一些调查表明 3.越来越多的人 4.说起教育

5.没有人能否否认这一事实 6.人们普遍认为

7.这是一件生死攸关的事.8.在我看来

9.鉴于事情非常严重 10.尽管„有很多缺陷 11.从以上讨论中可知

12.这一问题引起了人们的广泛关注 13.必须指出 14.对我而言

15.对于大多数人来说 16.因此 17.必须承认 18.指出说 19.赞成

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20.大家都认为 21.我绝不会帮他.22.除非„你才能„

23.人们在„的想法是不同的.24.人们对„的看法不尽相同.有关 “起” 的词语, 用语开篇或引出扩展句.1.at first/ in the beginning 起初 2.at present 现在;当今 3.recently/ lately 最近

4.first/ firstly/ first of all 第一 5.generally speaking 一般地说 6.on the whole 总的说来 7.It is well understood that „

8.There goes a saying that „.9.for one thing„ for another/ also 首先„其次 10.presently 此刻;现在

11.to begin with/ to start with 首先;第一 12.in general 一般来说 13.on the one hand„ on the other hand

一方面„ 另一方面

14.As the saying goes, ‘„’.俗话说, „

用心 爱心 专心 8

第二篇：高考英语写作教案

高考英语写作讲义

-------张雄

Part 1

高考英语写作模板句型

（一）段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____.Some people suggest

that ____.2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____

Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both

advantages and disadvantages.6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say

that ______.To them,_____.7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more

serious.8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young

and heated debates are right on their way.9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it

has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as

well.10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar

graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but

why?

（二）中间段落句

1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they

say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst

of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country“s development and

construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______

5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures

to______.For one thing，______For another，______

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In

addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is

______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to

______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has

its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）结尾句

1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think

that ____.2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____，while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright

future is awaiting us because______.5.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to

____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be

better and better.6.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.7.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First

_____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very

much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view

find______.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the

conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some

undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.Part 2

高考英语写作模板文体

对比观点题型

（1）

要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1．有一些人认为。。2．

另一些人认为。。3．

我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They

hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more，③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由

二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨

--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain

my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）

给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②

-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④

-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的

理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对 文章所讨论主题的看法)．

阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．

阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２．

分析并举例使其更充实．

The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释

义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember

the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll

necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．

问题现状

２．

怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

So we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.First,---------------(解决方法一).Then-------------(解决方法二).Furthermore,--------------(解决方法三).In my opinion, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Finally, I think that a bright future is coming soon because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１．

说明事物现状

２．

事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３．

你对现状（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)

议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, ”every coin has two sides“, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: ” ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..图表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作（申请信)

Your address

Month, Date, year Receiver’s address Dear..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X 现象说明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.《范文》

一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）

关于A的话题,早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。

给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…

A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。

认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。

事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。

而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon(negative significance inclination.)A has attracted extensive attention of the society.Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly.Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world.It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly.The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1)to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2)to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests.However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production.Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem.We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.Part 3

高考英语名言

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。

6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。

9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。

12.Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。

17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。

19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。

20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。

21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。

22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。

23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。

24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。

25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。

28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。

31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。

32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。

34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

35.As the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

36.To live is to learn,to learnistobetterlive.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

Part 4 高考写作常用连接词

1、表示时间的

af first 起初

next 接下来

then 然后

after that 那以后

later 后来

soon 不久

soon/shortly after ……之后不久

finally 最后

in the end 最后

eventually 最终

at last 终于

lately近来 recently 最近

since then 自从那时起

after that 那以后

in no time 不一会儿

after a while 一会儿

afterward 后来

to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点

immediately 立即、马上

meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时

earlier, until now 直到现在suddenly=all of a sudden 突然

as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候

at the age of… 在……岁的时候

as early as 早……的时候

as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前

early in the morning 大清早

after/before dark 天黑后/前

one day 有一天

one afternoon 一天下午

one morning 一天早晨

2、表示空间的to the right/left 朝右/左

on the rinht/left 在右/左边

in the middle of 在中间

in front of 在前面

in the front of 在前面

at the back of 在后面

at the bottom of 在底部

on the edge of 在……的边上

on top of 在……的顶部

opposite to 与……相对

close to 靠近

near to 在……附近

next to 与……相邻

under 垂直在下

over 垂直在上

below 在下方

above 在上方

across 在……的另一边

around 在周围

behind 在后

before 在前 against 靠着、抵着

further on 再往前

3、表示列举和时序

first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last

4、表示列举

for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is(to say)也就是说

such as 如……

take…for example 拿……来说

like 像……

5、表示比较或对比

like 像

unlike 不像

similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式

compared to 与……相比

while 而

still=nevertheless 然而

on the contrary 正相反

different from 与……不同

on(the)one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

in contrast with 与……成对比

6、表示增补

and 而且

both…and 不但……而且

not only…but also 不但……而且

as well as 不但……而且

also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且

in addition 并且

apart from 除了……之外

what's more 而且、更重要的for another 另一方面

worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是

including 包括

7、表示因果

because 因为

since 既然

as 由于

now that 既然

therefore 因此

thus 这样

so 所以

as a result(of)结果

because of=on account of 因为

thanks to 多亏、由于

for this reason 由于这个原因

if so 如果这样

if not 如果不是这样

8、表示目的for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…

9、表示让步

though/although no matter+疑问句

in spite of

whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though

10、表示递进或强调

besides 况且

what's more 更重要地是

thus 这样

above all 首先

indeed 的确

in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上

in other words 换句话说

in that case 那样的话

or rather 更确切地说

particularly 特别地

11、表示转折

but 但是

still 然而

however 然而

while 而

12、表示总结

in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来

in short=in a few words 简言之

in conclusion=lastly 最后地

on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上

so 所以

therefore 因此

thus 这样

as has been mentioned 正如所提到的it is quite clear that 很显然

there is no doubt that 毫无疑问

it is well-known that 大家都知道

as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道

as/so far as I know 据我所知

to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之

13、表示转折话题

by the way 顺便说

I am afraid 我恐怕

in my opinion 依我看来

to tell the truth 说实话

to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上

第三篇：高考英语写作常见的高级词汇

啊高考英语写作常见的高级词汇

老师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇，供同学们参考。

1．occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→

An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2．devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading.→

He devotes all his spare time to reading.3．seek替换want / look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student.5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting.→

The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help.→

We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9．the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→

On his arrival, he began his research..11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12．cover替换walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→

Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→

The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17．come up with替换think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18．set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19．be of + n.替换adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but(had to)go home.22．more often than not替换usually More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23．lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→

I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24．be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.→

I am long to see you.25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26．more than替换very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→

I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27．perfect(ly)替换good/ very well He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28．do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29．the other day替换a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30．in the course of替换during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31．the majority of替换most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32．consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34．become of替换 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him ? 35．attend to替换look after 36．on condition that替换as long as 37．nevertheless替换however 38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换many 41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing 42．a handful of替换a little / some 43．meanwhile替换at the same time 44．get to one’s feet替换stand up 45．beneath替换under 46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 47．for instance替换for example 48．seldom替换not often 49．wealthy替换 rich 50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact

第四篇：英语写作常见错误

一、大学生英语作文常见问题

1.文化差异造成作文不切题

英汉不同的语篇思维模式是造成不切题的直接原因。中国人的写作方式一贯是含蓄、委婉的，而英美人则喜欢开门见山地叙述主题；所以我国学生在进行英语写作时，由于受汉语语篇思维模式的影响，阐述时不能从主题入手，不能紧扣主题进行写作，致使文章主题不明确、观点不够鲜明。

2.缺乏写作技巧

学生对写作技巧掌握的不足，主要体现在作文中所使用的句式上。许多大学生在写作中一味地采用短句、“主—谓—宾”、“主—系—表”这类结构的简单句。即使出现一些长句，用的往往也是“and”、“but”、“if”、“because”等最简单的关联词。虽然在平时的课堂上也学习了大量表示因果、转折、对比、递进、并列等关系的关联词，但是在实际的写作过程中却不会使用，即使偶尔使用了，又常常出现拼写或是使用不当的错误。可见，学生在平时的学习过程中，缺乏对此类过渡性词语的使用训练。正确使用不同的过渡性词语尚且无法做到，而倒装句、省略句、强调句、排比句等复杂的句式，在大学生作文中更是难得一见了。句式的单一，导致文章读起来枯燥无味，没有新鲜感；过多地使用短句、简单句更使文章的语言显得幼稚、缺乏连贯性。

一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外，词汇的运用和句子的处理，也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。

最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语，以及节缩成分。总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但 是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：

(1)The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the

approaching hunter.(并列结构(1)+2)

(2)Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter.(现在分语短语+简单句)

(3)In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter.(介词短语+并列结构(1)+2)

(4)There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the

approaching hunter.(简单句+形容语短语)

(5)As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter.(原因副词从句+主句)

3.作文语言错误

语言错误是在大学生作文中最显著、最普遍的问题。它包括单词拼写错误、标点错误、词语搭配、时态语态等语法错误，还包括学生受母语影响所写出的“中国式英语”。在有些学生作文里，语法错误频率之高甚至于无法让人找到一个完全正确的句子。例如：

（1）Congratulations, we managed to finished training and through the check when we step on goose step in the front of platform.（2）Then the Chinese woman began to hardworking and saving money, while the American loaded money from the bank.4.句子结构不完整

一般说来，正常的句子必须包含一个主语和一个谓语，否则就是错误的。例如：

(1)Aussuming(Assuming)that something happen that we unexpected likes get sick, buy something, and so on.(2)As far as we know that making money is not easy in the least.此类错误就是语法结构不完整，主要表现在句子中谓语动词的缺失，复合句中主句的缺失等。

5.语句表达汉语化

除了词汇和语法方面的问题以外，汉语式英语的现象也在学生的写作中普遍存在。如把“打某人的脸”说成“hit somebody's face”(应为“hit somebody in the face”)，把“天黑了” 说成“The sky becomes dark ”(应为“It becomes dark”)。由于英语不是母语，要想克服此种现象，必须做到写作时尽量用英语思维，而不是借助汉语翻译。

(1)I think economize money will be better.First, hardworking and thritly(thrifty)is a tine(fine)tradition of Chinese.(2)There are many young people like spending tomorrow’s money.二、大学生作文不理想的原因分析

1.英语基础薄弱

基础薄弱主要表现为学生对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本词汇记忆不清。比如，大多数作文中出现了定冠词和不定冠词的滥用，主谓不一致，单复数搞不清楚(例如：a people等)，时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢，甚至句子结构不完整等现象。拿句子不完整举例来说，它指的是有些学生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一，如下：

（1）Because they thought their wages were too low．

（2）While waiting for their arrival．

.2.词汇量太小

对词汇学习不够重视，对已学词汇把握不住，只知其一不知其二。没有将所学习的词汇运用到句子中去。有些学生认为大学考试中词汇考试占比率小或不占比率，也就放松了

词汇学习。因此导致进大学后，学生词汇量没有扩大，也是一个不容忽视的原因；词汇的有限导致许多学生有口难言，一旦用英语写作就好像被缚住了手脚，欲说不能。对他们来说，用英语作文实在是一件很头疼的事情。

3.缺乏思想，深度不够

英语考试中大部分学生不能得高分还有一个重要原因，就是他们的作文缺乏思想、深度不够。很多虽然已是大二的学生，甚至是大三大四学生，但是他们在作文当中所表现出的智力水平与阅历似乎只相当于一个初中或高中生，写出的文章着眼点低、视野狭窄，缺乏深度。

4.缺乏应试技巧

缺乏应试技巧，主要表现为有些学生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向(如Dear Friends，let's not hesitate to say“No”)；或画蛇添足，本来文章该结束了却偏要罗罗嗦嗦地再来两句多余的话；另外一些学生对字数把握不准，不是写得太短就是写得太长。写得太短的会因为字数不够而失分，写得太长会分散阅卷老师的精力，也“言多易失”，反而得不偿失。还有一些学生书写潦草、笔迹模糊，让阅卷老师难以辨认。

以上简要分析了大学生英语写作中常见的问题，也是大学英语写作教学应该注意的几个问题。写好一篇英语作文，从整体来说要按照以下步骤进行：明确写作目的，拟订文章结构纲目；列出与文章主题有关的事实，说明或议论材料；考虑最佳表达形式；在草拟的提纲中把内容进行分类，删去无关内容；写作应一气呵成，完成后，对字、词、句、段进行斟酌，并检查文章是否完整。

三、提高大学生英语写作水平的相关对策

造成大学生英语写作能力偏低的原因是复杂的，既有环境因素的影响，也有学生、教师

主观上不重视，还有客观条件的限制。要解决问题，必须从这些方面下手，全方位地进行。1.提高学生及教师对英语写作重要性的认识

现在，许多学生对英语学习的认识仍然存在误区。大多数人学习英语的目标就是通过大学英语四、六级考试，以便在毕业的时候好找工作。很多人并不认为自己将来真的会使用到英语。然而事实上，在世界全球化的时代背景下，在外资或者外贸领域的工作中，与外国上级或同事，以及国外的客户进行英文的文书沟通，早已是家常便饭了。但是在教学中，写作能力的培养却没有引起足够的重视。为了引起师生们对英语写作的重视，建议在高考、四六级考试、研究生入学考试等大型考试中，增加英语写作成绩所占的比重，让学生对语言掌握的程度在写作的测试中能够很好地得到反映。

2.重视词汇学习

语音、语法和词汇既是语言的三大要素，又是表达功能的手段，也是进行交际和思维的最重要的手段。词汇是语言体系中结构和意义的统一体，是语言的主要的基本单位。在英语写作方面，有的习作表现是用词过于简单、平淡、有的习作中出现了不少晦涩的偏词，但这些词本身可能出现搭配贴切性等问题。因此，只有在词汇学习时，认真掌握词的确切含义及其用法，在英语写作中才能准确地选择单词或短语来表达自己的思想。有的学生不能生动具体地表达含义，例如：We think that insisting will lead to success．如果能在这个句子中用上更生动的单词或词组就会使其更加具体，从而避免内容泛泛而空洞。前面句子可改成：We hold the idea that perseverance is one of the important factors in leading US to success.3.利用例句、范文强化训练

要求学生多接触各种题材的范文是非常有必要的。具体步骤是：范文展示——范文解释——在教师指导下总结各种题材的范文格式——细读范文。在命题作文训练时还需要注意以下几个问题：一是审题，它是写好文章的前提，注意文章的题材和表达格式；二是确定主

题及编写提纲；三是写初稿，然后仔细修改。注意内容是否齐全，关联词语是否恰当，标点使用是否正确，字数是否符合要求；四是要求学生尽可能用英语思维，不要写“汉语式的英语作文”。对于英语作文而言，多练肯定是一个永恒的法宝，能使人的表达清晰，西谚云：Writing makes an exact man。

4.加强阅读训练

常言道：读书破万卷，下笔如有神，这一点也完全适于英语写作。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能：只有积累了一定的英语思想感受和大量的英语语言素材，才有可能写好的英语作文。阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想，也能帮助他们积累语言素材。在阅读过程中应细心分析和揣摩原文的语言特点、遣词造句、习惯用法和固定搭配等。不但要细读、精读，而且还要摘录其中的常用词组。长期坚持这样的练习，头脑中自然会存储大量优美、地道的表达法，写英语作文时自然会得心应手，笔下生花。

5.注重批改讲评

学生完成作文后，教师应注重文章的评改工作。很多大学生不喜欢教师抽样批改作文，他们希望教师对每一篇作文都认真批阅，对教师肯定其作文优点的愿望十分强烈。因此，教师应认真批阅每一位学生的习作，采用比较科学、直观的评分标准，要指出习作中的主要优缺点及改进方向。将学生习作中普遍性的错误记下来，在堂上集中讲解纠正。讲评优秀作文时，教师与学生一道发表自己的见解，从布局谋篇到英语遣词造句，从多角度进行赏析。用“学生教学生”的办法常能收到事半功倍的效果。

总之，通过对学生英语写作常见问题的剖析并采取相应的对策，经过不懈的努力训练，大学生们用英语写作的积极性及英语写作的能力不难达到理想的高度。

第五篇：英语写作用语【通用】整理

英语写作用语

1.人名Edward, Harry, Jack, James, Jason, Jimmy, Jerry, Judy, Julia, Kate, Katie, Kim, Mary, Mike, Larry, Nancy, Nicola, Paul, Peter, Phillip, Rebecca, Rose, Ruby, Sabrina, Simon, Steve, Sue, Susan, Tom

Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, Alfred Nobel, Beethoven, Benjamin Franklin, Charlie Chaplin, Charles Darwin, Goodyear(discoverer of rubber), Churchill, Columbus, Father Christmas, Florence Nightingale, Francis Bacon, Franz Schubert, Jane Goodall, Johann Strauss the Younger, Helen Keller & Anne Mansfield, Kennedy, Louis Braille, Marco Polo, Mark Twain, Michelangelo, Mozart, Mother Teresa, Pele, Thomas Edison, Sullivan, Louis Braille, Marconi 意大利工程师和发明家，他在1901年把长波无线电信号传送过大西洋。1909年获得诺贝尔物理奖, Marie Curie(Cf.Pierre Curie), Martin Luther King, Jr, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky, Walt Disney, Vincent Van Gogn,2.人物描写 funny-looking(样子好笑的)，good-looking(好看的), strong-looking , ugly-looking , dirty-looking , ordinary-looking , blue-eyed , white-eyed , warm-hearted , light-hearted , kind-hearted , absent-minded , tall , short , beautiful , pretty , lovely , naughty,be blind , lame in , be in good or poor condition,healthy,fine,well , strong-tempered , bad-tempered , near-sighted , far-sighted , foolish , stupid , silly , clever , smart , wise , bright ,diligent , intelligent , lazy , hard working, renowned 著名的3.情感 like, love, be interested in, be fond of… hate, despair of, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in… happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, anxious, offended, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened, shocked, astonished, wonder about/ at

4.语言交流 Arabic, Chinese, English, German, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish,body language, eye contact, medical terms, Native language, official language, second language, sexist language, sign language 手语, the international language, body language, casual/ close friends, common feelings, communication problem, daily interaction, eye-contact, facial expression, gesture, non-verbal communication, short-term/ long-term friendships, table manners

5.文化交流cross-cultural studies, exchange activities, home stay, exchange students

6.历史与文明 ancient civilizations, cultural heritage, cultural relics, historical events,7.教育学习a top student, academic institutions, answer sheet, audio-visual aids视听辅助设备, a bachelor’s degree, campus, class time, college education, college degree, educational institute, elementary school(Cf.primary school), evening classes, final exams, for further study(深造), high/ low marks, high school graduate, general cleaning(大扫除), a model student, a normal university, objective test(Cf.essay test), platform, a poor grade, reading materials, reading speed, scholarship, school fees, school report, self-discipline, a senior three student(Cf.senior high school One, senior high school education), short-term memory, speech contest, study habits, supplementary exercise, teaching method/ approach, textbooks, the time table, top honors, tutorial center, school uniforms, university course, university degree, to reduce study load学生减负, to teach students according to their aptitude因材施教

8.成长与未来 all-round adj.多方面的, 多才多艺的childhood, adulthood, disadvantaged family background, generation gap(Cf.close the gap), life in the future, material rewards, merits and demerits, personal development, primary teacher, single-parent family, teenager, blue print蓝图, 设计图, 方案, narrow escape九死一生,9.身体与健康 appetite, artificial organs, a balanced diet, blood bank, blood circulation, blood donation, blood test, blood type, body function, cancer, digestion, eating disorder, eating habits, health care 保健, health problem, health studio, heart attack(Cf.heart disease), infectious disease, life-saving medicine, life

style, mosquito spray, personal hygiene, physical exercise, physical/ mental problem(Cf.mental state, physical/ mental work), personal doctor, psychological therapy = mental therapy, sleeping pills, subconscious mind, sunbathing(Cf.sun-tan oil), virus(es), vitamin pills, welfare(Cf.working conditions),10.法制与治安 criminal activity, criminal case, crime of violence, crime rate, gamble 赌博, heroin, law

and order 治安, laws and regulations, safety rules, the traffic rules, the golden rule金规玉律

11.天气 the weather forecast, weatherman气象员

12.科学技术 brain work, chemistry lab, nuclear energy, power station(发电站), radioactive elements, radium,research centers, scientific breakthrough, scientific data, the Internet, the Nobel Prize(for Physics, etc., Recepient of Nobel Prize), “On the Origin of Species”(natural selection, the survival of the fittest), the Theory of Evolution, the theory of relativity, computer fraud, computer network, computer software, computer-assisted phone system, computer virus, digital revolution, the World Wide Web, the era of nanotechnology纳米技术时代, computer assisted instruction计算机辅助教学, safety net安全网, virtual net虚拟网, virtual reality虚拟现实, cyberspace网络空间, shopping online网上购物, virtual bank虚拟银行, netizen（net citizen）网民, computer crime电脑犯罪, information management知识管理, the e-lance economy电子自由职业经济, the e-business电子商务, broadband connections宽带通讯, cellular communications蜂窝通讯, cyber love 网虫, on-line在网上, chatting-room 聊天室,mobile phone 移动电话, Internet addict，cyberaddict网迷

13.变革与发展 the Global Village, the Information Age/ the era of information, the Industry Revolution

(assembly line), the open-door policy

14.实事、事件 civil rights movement, current affairs, events in the news(world events), the American Civil War,the French Revolution, hope project(希望工程), hot point(热点), hot line(热线), the World Expo/ Exposition, independence of Taiwan台独, Taiwan authorities 台湾当局, Taiwan compatriots台湾同胞, Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分, PNTR（Permanent Normal Trade Relations）永久正常贸易关系, 西部大开发：Development of the West Regions

15.灾难救助 accident traps, ambulance, band-aid, blood transfusion, charity appeals, a charity fun fair慈善游

艺活动, demonstration 演习, donation, fire brigade, fire engines, fire man, first aid, medical supplies, road accident, drought, earthquake floods, famine, forest fires, refugee, starvation, tornadoes, victim,16.大众媒体 e-mail(Cf.password), mass media(pl.), news resources, newspaper items, sports news, the

(world/ western)press, the TV Guide 收视指南, TV commercials,17.自然与环境 acid rain, chemical process(Cf.by-product), desert, electricity, electrical/ water power,environmental consciousness, environmentally friendly对环境无害(Cf.ozone-friendly), energy-saving lamps, food chains, greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, greed products/ food, indoor air quality, natural resources, oxygen(carbon dioxide), pollution-control device, pro-environmental campaign, radium, rain forest, the ocean floor, over-population, paper recycling project, photosynthesis, sewage treatment system, water/ air/ noise/ chemical pollution(Cf.anti-pollution laws), water supplies, wind power, pollution index污染指数, prevention and control of pollution source污水源治理, air quality and emission standards空气质量和排放标准, green product绿色产品, environmental impact assessment环境影响评估, noise monitoring噪声监测, noise abatement噪声治理, trans-century green engineering program跨世纪绿色工程规划

18.（宇宙）探险astronaut, “challenger” disaster, communication satellite, interplanetary travel, Mars(Cf.Venus), NASA, Neil Armstrong, outer space(外太空), satellite, a(leading)space power, spacecraft(Cf.spacesuits, space station, space shuttle, space technology, space travel), telescope

19.态度与思想 a feeling of internal joy and satisfaction, a sense of self, affection, ambition, attachment, a

guilty/ clear conscience, capability, cheerful, commitment, considerate, courage and confidence, creative spirit 创新精神, drive动力, enthusiasm, frankness, generous, honesty, idealism, modesty, motivation,personal beliefs, physical and emotional pain, pride, respect, self-confidence, strength and wisdom

adj.adaptable, aggressive, ambitious, boastful, brave, courageous, creative, dishonest, easy-going, enthusiastic, firm-minded, flexible, heroic, idealistic, impatient, industrious, innocent, justice, modest, moody, optimistic, passionate, persevering, punctual, reserved, reliable, self-conscious, selfless, sensitive, sociable, straightforward, trustworthy, upright, wise,20.事物 back numbers过期书刊, brainchild, call slip借书卡, credit card 信用卡, electrical equipment, hearing

aids, price tags 价目标签，finished products成品, high-rise buildings, household items 家庭用品，primary wrong doer, synthetic substances合成物质, three-course/ five-course etc meal

21.抽象事物aerobatics, anthropology, artificial intelligence, aesthetic value, ecology, economics, ecotourism,geography, journalism, literature, oceanography, photography, politics, psychology, three primary colors, zoology