第一篇：专四考试写作
写作包括两部分，一是要求在35分钟内写一篇150字左右的短文，二是要求在10分钟内写一个50--60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文，作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关，另外也有社会热点问题，比如环保、旅游、健身等，题目理解起来都比较容易。
短文写作部分文体为议论文，一般采用三段式的结构，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，论据充分，论证严密，基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章，应该注意一下写作步骤：
1.审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。
2.组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。
3.修改：也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。
关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道，短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题1～2分钟；组织素材, 细节和关键词: 4～5分钟； 起草: 20～25分钟；修改定稿: 4～5分钟。
最后要说明的是，从某种意义上来说，专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构，而对于固定的题型，有固定不变的表达法。因此，大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当，搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型，包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句，以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法，然后自己多动笔写一写，只要按这样的方法进行练习，相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。 便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确，交待清楚，比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等，要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式，一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。
小作文范文：
1.邀请便条：
①发出邀请a April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona，I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours.The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m.today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together.Please let me know whether you can make it.Yours，Amelia
发出邀请b
April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona，Here is a piece of good news for you.The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.Yours，Amelia
发出邀请c
April 20, 2008
Dear Professor Zhou, I am Amelia from class 052;I need you to give me some suggestion on my project.If it doesn’t trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you.Respectful yours，Amelia
发出邀请d（通知）
April 20, 2008
Dear girls and boys in Class 0403，This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m.to 9 p.m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301.We warmly invite you to take part in it.There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games.And we’ll have a chance of communication, which will enhance the friendship between us.Come and enjoy ourselves together.Yours，Mike
Monitor of Class 0301
②接受邀请
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia，It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come.I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m.this evening.(如果是办在家里：I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.)Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours，Fiona
③拒绝邀请
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia，It’s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.Yours，Amelia
2．请假条
April 20, 2008
Dear Ms.Jiang，I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class（I‘m terribly sorry to apply for ten days’ leave from the Aug.23rd to Sep.3rd）due to a bad cold and high fever.I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.（I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.）Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully，Amelia
3．请求便条
a．讲清事情的因由（为什么请求）
b．请求行为
c．请求实现方式
d．致谢
套句：
请求帮助： Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to…?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ I wonder if you would tell me…?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you…?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.请求允许：Please give me a few more days./May I have a look at your dictionary? / Would you mind if I opened the window? / I wonder if I could open the door./ Would it be possible to have a talk with you? 请求做事(要求与暗示)：Let’s go to the bookstore this afternoon./ I want to have a look at your book./ I wish you could…/ I would like ask you to clean the room./ You are making a big mess./ I feel a bit hungry now.What time is it now?
范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Professor Hu，I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”.But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout.Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: zhang123@yahoo.com.cn.Heartfelt thanks.Respectfully yours，Amelia
4．抱怨投诉便条(关键词complain, dissatisfaction)
a．抱怨投诉行为
b．投诉内容具体描述
c．要求弥补纠正赔偿
d．抱怨投诉者对弥补纠正赔偿等的敦促或威胁
套句：
行为描述I’m writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with …
Here’s the problem…
解决方式的要求：It would be very kind(considerate)of you to…address this problem soon./ take steps to rectify this situation soon./ turn it down a little? /
敦促或威胁: Frankly, I really can’t put up with the situation any more.You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court./ If you can’t give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Sir or Madam，I went to your store to buy a Radio watch last Sunday.When I mentioned the high price, the No.5 saleswoman replied in a sarcastic tone, “You can go ahead and buy a cheap fake from other stores”.She didn’t know how to treat a prospective buyer!I hope you can improve your service and give me a face-to-face apology.My telephone number is 010-12345567.Sincerely yours，Amelia
5.道歉便条
a道歉的行为与内容，b具体理由，c弥补方法，d进一步致歉。
套句：
道歉行为： I’m writing to show my apology for…/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…/I’m sorry to say that I’ve not finished reading it through, and have to keep it until next Sunday./ Excuse me for my delaying in turning in my assignment.道歉理由：I had a minor accident./ I had a minor operation.弥补纠正及其承诺：I am sure I can make up the loss by…/ I promise it will never happen again./ It would be very kind(considerate)of you to give me another chance to…(to give me another two days
进一步致歉： Many apologies./ Do please forgive me.范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Fiona，I am writing to you to apologize for the abrupt way I departed just after the exams finished.It was terribly rude of me to have left without saying good-bye to you.The fact is that I was so excited when I learned I had passed the exams with high marks that I couldn’t wait to get home and tell my parents.I am sure you will understand my feelings.Please accept my sincere apology, and with you a really happy holiday.Yours truthfully，Amelia
April 20，2008
Dear Fiona，I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.Sincerely yours，Amelia
Dear Fiona，I imagine that you must be enjoying your birthday party today.I write this letter to offer my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day.It is a great pity that I cannot be with you.But remember I am thinking of you all the time.I hope that all your years to come will be twice as happy and as merry as those past.
Please accept the small gift I am sending you as a token of my best wishes for your happy birthday.
Sincerely yours，Amelia
6．祝贺
a.祝贺内容
b．表示祝贺
c．积极评价
d．忠心祝福（再次祝贺＋祝福未来）
套句：
祝贺之事和自己的反应： I’m so happy to learn that you’ve just passed your thesis defense./ I’m so pleased to hear that you’ve got the admission by the Cambridge University to further your graduate study.祝贺行为: Please accept my warmest congratulations.对成功的评价和对对方的钦佩；You really deserve it because…/ This meant years of your hard work, and it’s an achievement you can well be proud of./ I have been appreciating your excellent performance in study and ability in your work.美好祝愿； You will have a brilliant future./ I believe our school life will be more colorful under your leadership./ I believe that the knowledge you’ve acquired will enable you to be successful in whatever aspect of life.Congratulations again and all good wishes for your future study.范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Shirly，I am so excited to learn that you’ve been admitted by Shanghai International Studies University as a graduate.Warm congratulations on the realization of your dream.This has meant years of your hard work, and you can really be proud of it.Your success is really an encouragement to me and I wish we can meet there next year, Best wishes to you.Yours，Amelia
7.致谢便条：
套句：
致谢内容，交代感谢原因：I am writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the weekend in your village./ / I am writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during my visit in Shanghai./ I am writing to tell you how much I appreciate your hospitality.Thank you so much for your assistance/ for the information your gave us.进一步解释对方的帮助给自己带来的好处，再次致谢，回馈承诺Please accept my warmest thanks,I hope I have the chance to reciprocate your kindness.范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Peter，I’m writing to show my gratitude for your invitation to your birthday party.That was a really wonderful party.I appreciate your considerate arrangement and wonderful performance you had prepared.And it also offered me a chance to meet many old friends.I really enjoyed that night and I do hope you will have a wonderful life.Yours，Amelia
Dear Professor Chen，It is just three weeks since I consulted you on how to write a research paper and I’d like to assure you that I really appreciate your help.
Your advice has been very valuable, and I have read the books recommended by you with gratifying results.I have finished my research paper, and I owe it to your help.I would like to express my gratitude, along with my best wishes.
Respectful yours
Amelia
8．留言条
谁？时间？ 什么事情？ 要求？
范文：
Apr.20，2008
Dear Yang，A Mr.Liu Bing called you this morning but you were not in.He wanted to meet you this coming Saturday, 9 a.m., at the university gate.If that is not convenient for you, you are requested to ring him up at any time evening from 8 p.m.to 10 p.m.at 123454576.Yours，Amelia
Apr.20，2008
Dear Fiona，This afternoon, I came to your dormitory to return” Gone with the Wind” that you had kindly lent me last week.Unfortunately, you were not here and your roommates seemed to be out as well.I had no choice but to take the book back.I wonder if you could contract with me anytime in the evening so that I could find appropriate time to visit you.Sincerely yours，Amelia
9．广告（求购与转让）
转让求购的理由。I will graduate soon./ To improve my listening comprehension, I….? In need of money for an emergent affair, I would like to sell my computer.转让求购行为和内容。I have a computer for sale./ Before I leave this college, I’d like to sell my computer./ I want to buy a secondhand walkman to study English./ In need of money, I want to sell my lovely bag at a low price.转让/求购事物的具体状况。The car is still in good condition./ I just bought it last month, and it can work perfectly well.转让/求购的价格商定。I can pay it for at most 50 yuan./ I will charge only 200 for it.范文：Offer to Buy
April 20, 2008
Dear boys and girls，I badly need a ticket for postgraduate entrance examination instruction by the New Oriental School.If you have one to sale, I’d like to pay it for twice the original price, for I have been longing for it and hence have canceled my trip to Hong Kong.Call me at 1234567;my cell phone will be on for 24 hours.Yours，Amelia
Offer to sell April 20, 2008
Dear Schoolmates，I’m a four-year student from the English Department.In two weeks, I will graduate from this university.I’ve decided not to bring my bike with me when I leave.So I’d like to part with it, and sell it to someone who might need it.It is half new, dark and light.With curved bars, it is mainly for lady’s use.As far as the price is concerned, I’d like to sell it for eighty yuan.Those interested in it can come and have a look at it before making a decision.Add: Room 402, Student Dormitory Building No.5
Tel: 1668889
10.申请
April 20, 2008
Dear Sirs:
I have learned from the newspaper that there is a vacancy for a teacher of English during the summer vacation.I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position.Enclosed is my resume.I would be greatly grateful if you would grant me a chance for an interview.
Respectfully yours，Amelia
Applying for Studying in a University
Dear Sir，I am seeking an opportunity to study English in your university after my graduation from the Foreign Language Department of Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, the People’s Republic of China next year.Please inform me of the application procedure for admission.I intend to support myself financially during the period of my study in your university.I should be grateful if you would kindly let me have the details concerning the eligibility of a student from a foreign country for any scholarship in your English department.I am looking forward to your reply in due time.
Yours faithfully，Amelia
11.失物招领 Lose
Gentlemen，I took the last bus(No.406)home last night and got off at Zhejiang Wanli University.After arriving home, I noticed that I had left my bag on the bus.It is a black bag made of leather with a zipper.Inside are some books, a bunch of keys and my photos.If you happen to find the above bag, would you kindly let me know about it?
My address: Room 321, Dormitory Building Eight, DMU
My phone number: 4720123
Loser，Amelia
April 20, 2008
Found
I happened to find a bag on the playground yesterday afternoon, in which there are some books, a pencil box and a watch.The loser is expected to come to the office of Foreign Language Department to claim it.The phone number is 4729646.
Finder，Amelia
March 8, 2000
12.咨询：
Dear Sir，I am a freshman of Wanli University and am greatly interested in registering your club membership.So I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information about the qualification fees, available facilities and activities, and other relative details.I am looking forward to your early reply.Thanks in advance.Yours，Amelia
第二篇：专四考试流程
专四考试流程:
8:15进考场，监考老师检查准考证，身份证，学生证。（考试正式开始15分钟后，迟到考生不得进入考场。考试正式开始后30分钟后，考生才准交卷离开考场。）
正式考试。发草稿纸，试卷，答题卡（客观答题卡除用2B铅笔填写准考证号之外，其他皆用圆珠笔或是黑色笔写姓名及答题卡上方的准考证号。）
1.8:30—9:05听力 总35min
a.DICTATION 老师开始放录音，做在主观答题卷A上。听写共念四遍，最后磁带上留出2分钟的时间让学生检查听写。约8:50分收主观答题卷A：Dictation）
b.CONVERSATION(10道题)
c.NEWS BROADCAST（10道题，约5-7篇）
在试卷发下后，争取时间把b.c两部分的题目都看个仔细。速度快的考生，也可以抓紧做后面的阅读。
2.9:05—9:20 完形填空：15min 20道题
3.9:20—9:35语法及词汇：15min 30道题。
4.9:35—10:00阅读理解：四篇文章25min，时间很紧，平时要多做练习，扩充文化知识，提高阅读的速度。（即10:00收客观答题卷）
5.10:00-10:45 作文 总45min
第三次收卷，收作文答题纸，草稿纸，试卷。
1.听写
首先要特别注意听写的题目，因为它是整篇听写的总提
纲，而且在听写中这个题目肯定会出现。对于有些听不懂的单词也不要着急，最重要的是要听出整个句子。因为听写的文章一般都不会很难，你可以猜一下单词。
2.听力选择
如果有两个选项基本一样但细节不一样，那就一定是在这两
个选项里选了。
5.阅读理解
如果是关于作者的态度或者是给文章最好的标题，那就要特
别注意最后一段了。态度绝大部分是中立的。选项中太绝对的答案肯定是不对的，太简短的也不是。一般是很完整的，很全面的，很委婉的，很中立的答案才是对的。
1.听力：建议每天坚持练习VOA慢速听写，对掌握外国人
发音很有帮助。
专四听写阅卷标准
专业四级在即，作为专四考试的第一个题型——听写，一直以来由于其要求细致，是考察基本功的题型，特别需要大家关注。不过如果知道了批分标准，就不会觉得无章可循。专四听写每篇中有十五个“小段”，或者是句子或者是意群，每个“小段”分值为一分。中比较容易出现的错误有两类：一类是大错误(major mistakes)，每出现一次扣0.5分；另一类是小错误(minor mistakes)，每次出现扣0.25分。如下举出历年真题中出错较多的句子加以分析，以求给大家练习的时侯多一份参考。
A.小错误有如下三种类型：
1)One or two wrong spellings in one word.(单词拼写错一到二个字母。)
(1)October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar.(2010)October is usually the busiest month in the academic calender.（-0.25）
(2)They remain all their lives, square pegs in round holes.(2008)They remain all their lifes, square pigs in round holes.（-0.5）
2)Of punctuations and capitalization.(标点符号、大小写的错误)
(1)To solve this problem，the Chinese again came up with the solution.(2004)
To solve this problem the Chinese again came up with the solution.（-0.25）
(2)For many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year.(2009)
For many people in the west, new year’s eve is the biggest party of the year.(-0.75)
3)Of articles，singular-plural form（冠词，单复数错误）：
It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join in lots of clubs and settle into university life.（2010）
It’s great opportunity to make new friends, join in lots of clubs and settle into universities life.(-0.5)
• 小错误扣分标准：
1)小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次，扣0．5分；出现三次，扣0．5分后留一小错做总计；出现四次(以上)，扣1分。2)未扣分小错误的扣分标准： 累计2---4个：扣0．5分。累计5---8个：扣1分。
B.大错误有如下两种形式：
1)Missing, adding or changing words;more than two wrong spellings in one word(articles not included)漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)等。
2)Misuse of tenses.时态错误
(1)The Chinese used cloth and knives.(2004)
The Chinese use to cloth and knifes.（－1）
(2)Now paper notes are used throughout the world.(2004)
Now paper notes are used through out the world.（－0.5）
(3)Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious.（2005）
Soon men dare to wear wrist watches with out feeling self-conscious.（－1）
•大错误及整体评分标准
1)大错误不累计、小错误累计。
2)总分为0．5分时，以1分计算；其余总分中如含小数点的，小数舍去，保留整数。如：12．5分一12分，7．5分---7分。
3)重复错误，仅扣一次。
4)空白卷—律打0分。
诸位同学每次练习的时侯，以如上标准给自己批改，并把自己经常容易错的地方特别主意一下，经过一段时间的练习，一定有显著的提高，祝大家在接下来的考试中取得理想成绩。
第三篇：英语专四考试流程
英语专四考试流程: 首先听写15分钟后第一次交卷；然后做其他听力和选择题目，包括完型填空、词汇语法、阅读三部分，70分钟后交第二卷；最后写作文便条，45分钟后交卷，考试结束8:15进考场，监考老师检查准考证，身份证，学生证。（考试正式开始15分钟后，迟到考生不得进入考场。考试正式开始后30分钟后，考生才准交卷离开考场。）
正式考试。发草稿纸，试卷，答题卡（客观答题卡除用2B铅笔填写准考证号之外，其他皆用圆珠笔或是黑色笔写姓名及答题卡上方的准考证号。）
1.8:30—9:05听力 总35min
a.DICTATION 老师开始放录音，做在主观答题卷A上。听写共念四遍，最后磁带上留出2分钟的时间让学生检查听写。约8:50分收主观答题卷A：Dictation）
b.CONVERSATION(10道题)
c.NEWS BROADCAST（10道题，约5-7篇）
在试卷发下后，争取时间把b.c两部分的题目都看个仔细。速度快的考生，也可以抓紧做后面的阅读。
2.9:05—9:20 完形填空：15min 20道题
3.9:20—9:35语法及词汇：15min 30道题。这两部分都得看平时的锻炼及对英语的语感。练习做多一些，对这两种题型会有帮助的。
4.9:35—10:00阅读理解：四篇文章25min，时间很紧，平时要多做练习，扩充文化知识，提高阅读的速度。（即10:00收客观答题卷）
5.10:00-10:45 作文总45min
a.大作文。大作文记住把字写得工整漂亮些；用3-5min列个提纲，做好三段式的大体平衡的框架，开始部分有明确的中心思想，中间body部分有topic sentence和明显的表示逻辑顺序的关联词，结尾是总结前文并升华，但不要呼喊口号。用几个复杂的句式和3-4个较好的词就可以了。大作文如有时间，可以抽2-3min检查下文章中的微小问题。
b.小作文。小作文记得要正确做好便条的格式（须有时间、称呼、签名及称呼和签名紧跟其后的两个逗号。）。语气要符合内容要求，语言不求复杂，把事情说清楚了就好。
第三次收卷，收作文答题纸，草稿纸，试卷。
Tips:
1.8：15进场，对大多数考生也就意味着7点左右就要起床了，建议前一天早点睡觉，保证充足的睡眠，这时候再熬夜，可是事倍功半了。
2.考试时间较长，从8：15进场，到10：45左右出考场，考场中气氛比较紧张，也考验人的耐力。
3.精神集中+放松：既要保持放松的心情，又要有比较兴奋的备战状态。
第四篇：专四写作常见开篇方法
专
四、专八英语作文的几种有效开篇段写法
漂亮的开篇是获取作文的高质量，同时也是高分数的重要部分，为了帮助同学们掌握有效的开篇手法，我在此重点介绍6种常见的、也是有效的作文开篇方法。希望同学们学以致用，至少每周开篇方法要练习使用3-4次，形成较深刻印象。对于自己特别喜欢的开篇方法要重点练习使用，直到熟练掌握。
1.使用数字
数字能够使人感到我们不是在空谈，能给人一种真实地感受。人们通常喜欢用数字说明问题，也容易受数字影响。所以我们可以使用数字来吸引人们的注意力。
Every day millions of job-hunters in the world write letters of applications, wishing that they would be given a chance of interview.2.用问题
在文章开始我们可以向读者提出问题，让读者跟着我们一起思考。但是要注意的是，我们提的问题不能简单，也不能太多，一般绝对不可以超过两个。通常情况下，我们的问题都会是设问句，答案就是文章的话题。
Now in our society what do you have to do if you want to find a job? What lies between you and an ideal job?(That is interview．)或者
Do you know any university graduate who does not want to succeed in the society? What does it take for a university graduate to succeed in the modern society? 3.用引语
我们可以引用名人名言或者某一领域里的专家的话。这种引言既可以是与我们的中心思想相一致的，也可以是有争议的，这样都可以达到吸引读者的目的。比如：“Success comes not only from perspiration and inspiration, but also from satisfactory performance in interviews,” commented Dr.Kenly in his book.或者According to traditional Chinese thoughts, a talent must be excellent at ability and morality．
4．直奔主题式或开门见山式(Direct opening)引言段可以直接表明文章的主题。以2005年题目为例，“Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees.As a result，there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure.What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view．”比如我们可以这样开始： Nowadays interview is becoming more and more important in recruitment或者 In the modern society，almost all university students look forward to success in employment．
这是最简单的方法，但是这种单刀直入的方法容易显得过于唐突，读者心理上不易接受。另外，它还可能会使人觉得文章内容单薄，给人以作者思想贫乏之感。所以我们并不推荐这种方法。5．收网式(Narrowing—down)
这种方法通常由一个宽泛的、读者非常认同的事实开始，然后逐步把读者的注意力引向文章要讨论的话题。前面的开头相当于一个铺垫，给读者一种自然而然的感觉，比如2005年的题目，我们还可以说：
With the development of market economy in China，more and more companies have come into being．When they need to take up more people，employers usually select through interviews．Similarly，when people need to find a job，they also need to perform well in interviews．Therefore，interview is becoming increasingly important in the modern society． 而对于2002年的题目，“All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society，we university students have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aims．What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university student?” 我们可以说：One feature of the modern society is the more respect given to individual values.When fighting for personal values and success，students need to catch good opportunities，but they also need to possess some essential personal qualities．
使用这种方法的关键是我们的网要撒得很开，但是收网时既不要太快，又不能过慢。如果在开始那个宽泛的话题上停留过久，就可能会使文章有跑题的危险。我们建议大家最多用三句话，就把网收起来。6.驳论式(Refutation)
这种方法是先说出一种与本文观点相反但读者可能会同意的观点，然后话锋一转，指出这一观点是错误，并亮出自己的观点。如果我们用这种方法写2005年的题目，就可能是这样：
Many of us may agree that China is a society relying heavily on guanxi, or relationship.We may all have the experience of having to resort to certain relationship in order to get something done, to find a good job, for example.But, with the development of market economy, recruitment is conducted more and more on the basis of interview rather than on various personal connections.而2002年的题目，可以是这样：
As the modern society puts more emphasis on personal difference and personal values，it provides more opportunities for students to seek success.However，the fact is that not everyone can succeed．Success calls for certain opportunities，but more importantly，it calls for many personal qualities．
在这种方式的开头中，转折词but或者however可以在很短的时间内就在读者脑海中造成一次撞击和冲突，所以比较能引起读者的关注。而如果我们能在阅卷老师业已疲惫不堪的脑海中形成这样一次撞击，就有可能给他们留下良好的第一印象。
当然，有些写作课可能还会介绍其他的开头方式，如讲故事(anecdote)等，但是对于考试来说，我们认为以上6种是最简洁、最高效的。
另外还要指出，有些同学可能认为直接引用题目中提示部分的内容是一个保证不跑题的方法，比如下面这个例子就是这样：
Nowadays interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees．As a result，there have been many arguments for or against it as a selection procedure．Some people regard it as a good way to select employees within a short time while others think it is not proper to decide oil a person just by interview．But, all of them have some truth．
这里前面几句基本上是直接从题目里抄来的。实践证明，这种做法可能会得不偿失。首先，阅卷老师对这几句话非常熟悉，他们知道这不是你自己写的，因此可能会认为你在投机取巧，进而对你形成不好的印象。
第五篇：专四写作讲座之作文闪光点
作文是各类英语考试中得分率最低的题型之一。同学们在掌握了一定的作文模板，和基本的语法、词汇、句型用法之后，如果能在作文中创造一些词汇和句型的闪光点，必定会使你的作文如虎添翼！
高分作文标志
1、是否长短句交叉；
2、是否会使用插入语；
3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；
4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；
5、句型使用是否准确、地道。
下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项：
1.适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I(比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to.)举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that.By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …
3.一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)
下面举一篇某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了，作文有了很大的提高。
Computer and I By Simmy
I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music.That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.exceedingly 替换 very
thrilling 替换 exciting
sth.exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb.be interested in sth.google 替换 search
an army of 替换 a lot of
The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers.Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing numbers of individuals.It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!
The dawn of the new century witnessed 是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情；
Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular
Coincident with … 非常地道的句型，表达“与…一致”的意思，替换 With …
Advancement 替换 development
Pour into(flood into / swarm into)替换 enter into
Current(currently)替换 now
Appeal to sb.替换 sb.be interested in sth.Growing numbers of individuals 替换 more and more people
It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型，说某事是毫不夸张的
For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment.Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.For a start 替换 To begin with
We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法
our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.用了非常精彩的被动
Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides Deliver 替换 send
There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence , obscene, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插入语，function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to
Emerging 替换 appearing(fading 替换 disappearing)
Net citizen 网民，属于精彩用词
As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds.Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts.We should , therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides
Computers do play，do 强调
Positive 替换 important / good 等
A slice of 替换 a part of
Unfavorable 替换 bad
Impacts 替换 effects / influences
We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语
Fruits(而且fruits 用的非常形象，merits/ virtues)替换 advantage(defects 替换 disadvantage)
Facet 替换 aspect
各位同学，上面的作文里有这么多精彩的闪光点，作文怎么会不得高分呢！
以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考一下。
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill(有害的)替换bad
如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many。。, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think
(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7，affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits
10for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, 14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very 16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable...替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 23.desire 替换want.24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember 26.enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction替换communication 28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30.next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
希望大家能够在平时的学习中多总结精彩、地道的词汇和句型闪光点！常用连接词
To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first(second, etc.)，To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, but, although，conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove: because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
To Show Exception: yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
To Show Time: immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first(second, etc.), next, and then
To Repeat in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted，To Emphasize: definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence: first, second, third, and so forth.A, B, C, and so forth.next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example: for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration，To Summarize or Conclude：in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently, on the whole
一、常用句型及单词
A.开头
1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.2、______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.3、Recently, _________has been brought to such popular attention that _________
(e.g.Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.).4、One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________.Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.5.No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that...或：Everyone would agree that...B 结尾
1)Only in this way/Only when……/Only through……, will/can we……或：It is only if/when……that we will……
It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.2)As long as……we will be able to……/the problem is bound to……
As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.3)With a constant/steady improvement in ……(或With the gradual worsening of……)sth.will……
With a steady improvement in our legal system, this problem will sure be solved earlier or later.4)In a word there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.……in time to come.A
In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese traditon will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.C.中间
1．建议和解决方法
1）.A great number of solutions are being offered.Some people suggest that ______________.Others argue that ______________.2）.But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________.For instance, ______________.Worst of all, ______________.3）.My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows.In the first place,….Secondly,….Finally
4）.If we let the situation go as it is, ….By that time, ….如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，……。
5）If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。
2.It 结构
1）It is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.2）It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.3）It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine.4）It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.5）It seemed to me that the only thing that matters is to learn through failure.6）It pays in the long run（从长远的角度看……）to introduce new technique.3.动名词或分词结构
1）Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person's health.2）The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.4.递进式结构
1）Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones.2）Helping others will not only bring joy into other people's lives，but also added happiness into our own.5.表示重要性或必要性
1）It's important to set aside time for relaxation，hobbies，and entertainment as well.2）A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success.3）Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it.6.表示目的1）The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.2）The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.3）Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.7.表示结果
1）Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health.2）If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused.3）By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives（目标）.8.表示对比和比较
1）Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.2）Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.3）Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one's potential.4）The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unable to answer.9.表示条件或假设的结构
1）Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner.2）As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.3）Were it left to me to decide whether we should _______, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.4）Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.10.表示举例
1）Take______for example，2）An illustration（例证）may make the point clear.11.表示采取措施
1）The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties.2）As college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olymic Games.3）The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.12.表示让步关系
1）While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times.2）Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.13.表示因果或前提关系
1）Because of(owing to)the pressure（压力）of examinations，many students are left with little or no free time.2）Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.3）That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。
4）The reason for this is that
14.表示存在的问题
1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.2）To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it.3）Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.4）Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time.5）At first thought，the problem seems far too involved（复杂），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with.15． There be结构
1）There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.2）There is much that we can learn from the Chinese classic works.3）There is no sense（道理）in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.精彩废话万能句
The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity.科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力
…can help one stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of the modernization drive.站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智
Let’s join hands and work together to contribute a greater part to the harmony of our society.让我们携手共同奋斗，为建设和谐社会作出更大的贡献！
Famous scientist Marie Curie once said,” Nothing in life is to be feared;it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means:
精彩虚词
1.admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.2.simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money.3.surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.4.increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
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