第一篇：2014 年安徽考编小学语文真题
2014年安徽省中小学新任教师公开招聘考试
小学语文
考生注意事项：
1.答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、考点、准考证号、座号，同时在答题卡背面左上角填写姓名和座号，每个书写框只能填写一个阿拉伯数字，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。
2.请考生认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、准考证号、座号与本人姓名、准考证号、座号是否一致。
3.答题前，请仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项的要求。答选择题时，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他标号。
4.答其他题目时，必须使用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰、作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字．．．．．．．．．．笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．草稿纸上答题无效。．．．．．．．．5.考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
6.本考试为闭卷考试。满分120分，考试时间150分钟。
一、基础知识（本大题共 7小题，共 24分）
1.下列词语中加点的字，读音完全相同的一组是（）。（2分）A.辩论
辨别
花瓣
辫子 B.松懈
感谢
倾泻
邂逅 C.垮台
挎包
胯骨
跨栏 D.日暮
房幕
裹慕
喜然
2.下莉各组词语中，有猪别字的一组是（）。（（2分）A.滋润
和蔼
腼腆
甜密 B.旅行
考察
参观
游览 C.推敲
探索
猜测
揣摩
D.湛蓝
墨绿
绛紫
黛青
真题答案可加微信：hsjyfy
3.下列各组成语中，感情色彩不相同的一组是（）。（2分）A.文质彬彬
神采奕奕
风度翩翩
仪表堂堂 B.古色古香
余音绕梁
不落窠臼
雅俗共赏 C.春风拂面
草长莺飞
姹紫嫣红
发愤图强 D.众志成城
胆小如鼠
游手好闲
发愤图强
4.对下列古诗句中所应用的手法，表述错误的一句是（）。（2分）A.“洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶”运用了比喻的手法 B.“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天”运用了夸张的手法
C.“沧海月明珠有泪，蓝田日暖玉生烟”运用了拟人的手法 D.“欲渡黄河冰塞川，将登太行雪满山”运用了对偶的手法
5.下列各句中，关联词语使用正确的一句是（）。（2分）
A.一个人无论从小受到这样严格的教育的话，都会获得道德实践的勇气和力量。B.如果一两个月干旱无雨，这条小溪就不会干涸。
C.虽然有时出来一阵冷风，而且阳光洒到身上却很暖和。
D.因为《史记》既是一部很有价值的历史著作，又是一部杰出的文学著作，所以鲁迅先生称“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”。6。古诗文填空（8分）(1)子曰：“，不亦说乎？，能不忆江南？（自居易《忆江南》：(2)江南好，风景旧曾诸。。能不忆江南？（自居易《忆江南》）(3)不以物喜，不以己悲；，；处江湖之远，则忧其君。（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》）(4)九州生气恃风雷，万马齐喑究可哀。。（龚自珍《己亥杂诗》）7。文学常识填空（6分）
(1)《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，分为风、、三部分，在我国文学史上产生了极其深远的影响。
(2)杜甫一生写诗一千四百多首，很多是千古传颂的名篇，他的“三吏”是指《石壕吏》和、。(3)叶圣陶的是新中国第一本为儿童创作的童话集。
(4)亚米契斯的是一本日记体的儿童小说，书中的主人公是小学生安利柯。
二、诗歌鉴赏（本大题共 3小题，共 1 0分）古代诗歌鉴赏
古诗十九首
迢迢牵牛星，皎皎河汉女。纤纤擢素手，札札弄机杼。终日不成章，泣涕零如雨。河汉清且浅，相去复几许？ 盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语。
8.《古诗十九首》的主要特色之一是长于抒情，请联系诗句加以简析。（3分）
9．诗中运用了6组叠词，写出这些叠词，并分析其艺术效果。（3分）
现代诗鉴赏
秋深了 冰心
树叶儿穿上红衣了，它是多么可怜啊！
10.“树叶”何以“可怜”？请从手法和内容两方面谈谈你阅读小诗后的理解。（4分）
三、现代文阅读（本大题共 4小题，共 16分）
写字 粱实秋
在从前，写字是一件大事，在“念、背、打”教育体系当中占一个很重要的位置，从描红模子的横平竖直，到写墨卷的黑大圆光，中间不知有多大勤苦。记得小时候写字，老师冷不防的从你脑后把你的毛笔抽走，弄得你一手掌的墨，这证明你执笔不坚，是要受惩罚的。这样恶作剧还不够，有的在笔管上套大铜钱，一个，两个，乃至三四个，摇动笔管只觉头重脚轻，这原理是和国术家腿上绑沙袋差不多。一旦解开重负便会身轻似燕极尽飞檐走壁之能事，如果练字的时候笔管上驮着好几两重的金属，一旦握起不加附件的竹管，当然会龙飞蛇舞，得心应手了。写一寸径的大宇，也有人主张用悬腕法，甚至悬肘法，写字如站桩，挺起腰板，咬紧牙关，正襟危坐，道貌岸然，在这种姿态中写出来的字，据说是能力透纸背。现代的人无需受这种折磨。“科学”已经废除了，只会写几个“行”“阅”“如拟”“照办”，便可为官。自来水笔代替了毛笔，横行左行也可以应酬问世，写字一道，渐渐的要变成“国粹”了。
当作一种艺术看，中国书法是很独特的。因为字是艺术，所以什么“永字八法”之类的说教，其效用也就和“新诗作法”“小说作法”相差不多，绳墨当然是可以教的，而巧妙各有不同，关键在于个人。写字最容易泄露一个人的个性，所谓“字如其人，大抵不诬”。如果每个字都方方正正，其人大概拘谨，如果伸胳臂拉腿的都逸出格外，其人必定豪放，字瘦如柴，其人必如排骨，字如墨猪，其人必近于“五百斤油”。所以郑板桥的字，就应该是那样的倾斜古怪，才和他那吃狗肉傲公卿的气概相称，颜鲁公的字就应该是那样的端庄凝重，才和他的临难不苟的品格相合，其间无丝毫勉强。
在“文字国”里，需要写字的地方特别多，擘窠大字至蝇头小楷，都有用途。可惜的是，写字的人往往不能用其所长，且常用错了地方。譬如，凿石摹壁的大字，如果不能使山川生色，就不如给当铺酱园写写招牌，至不济也可以给煤栈写“南山高煤”。有些人的字不宜在壁上题诗，改写春联或“抬头见喜”就合适得多。有的人写字技术非常娴熟，在茶壶盖上写“一片冰心”是可以胜任的，却偏爱给人题跋字画。中堂条幅对联，其实是人人都可以写的，不过悬挂的地点应该有个分别，有的宜于挂在书斋客堂，有的宜于挂在饭铺理发馆，求其环境配合，气味相投，如是而已。
“善书者不择笔”，此说未必尽然，秃笔写铁线篆，未尝不可，临赵孟頫靶木，大概是尖毫。笔墨纸砚，对于字的影响是不可限量的。有时候写字的人除了工具之外还讲究一点特殊的技巧，最妙者无过于某公之一笔虎，八尺的宣纸，布满了一个虎字，气势磅礴，一气呵成，尤其是那一直竖，顶天立地的笔直一根杉木似的，煞是吓人。据说，这是有特别办法的，法用马弁一名，牵着纸端，在写到那一竖的时候把笔顿好，喊一声“拉”，马弁牵着纸就往后扯，笔直的一竖自然完成。
写字的人有癮，瘾大了就非要替人写字不可，看着人家的白扇 面，就觉得上面缺点什么，至少也应该有“精气神”三个字。相传有人爱写字，尤其是爱写扇 子，后来腿坏，以至无扇可写；人问其故，原来是大家见了他就跑，他追赶不上了。如果字真写到好处，当然不需
腿健，但写字的人究竟是腿健者居多。11.文题“写字”的含义指什么？（2分）
12.文章从哪些方面描写了国人因写字表露出的种种世相？（4分）
13.文章风格上的主要特点是什么？举例说明。（6分）
14.电脑键盘是社会进步的产物，电子短信代替文字书信，键盘输入代替文字书写的现象已经普遍存在。如果你是老师，你认为在信息社会还要不要开展写字与书法教育？为什么？（4分）
四、课程理论（本大题共 2小题，共 8分）
15.根据《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》内容，填写以下空格。（4分）(1)语文课程是一门学习的综合性、课程。(2)课程目标从，情感态度与价值观三个方面设计。三者相互渗透，融为一体。目标的设计着眼于语文素质的整体提高。
16.《义务教育语文课程标准（201 1年版）》提出哪四条语文课程的基本理念？请简要回答。（4分）
基本理念一是：;
基本理念二是：;基本理念三是：;基本理念四是：。
五、教学实践（本大题共 2小题，共 22分）
我的伯父鲁迅先生
有一天黄昏，北风呼呼地怒号着，天色 十分阴暗。街上的人都匆匆忙忙赶着回家。爸爸妈妈拉着我的手，到伯父家去。走到离伯父家门口不远的地方，看见一个拉黄包车的坐在地上呻吟，车子在一边扔着。
我们走过去，看见他两只手捧着自己的脚，脚上没有穿鞋，地上淌了一摊血。他听见脚步声，抬起头 来，饱经风霜的脸上现出难以忍受的痛苦。
以下是三位老师对“饱经风霜”做出的三种教案：
教案一：
师：回忆一下，在旧社会的一个拉车工人的脸部形 象是什么 样子的？
生：头发乱蓬蓬。眼睛布满血丝。
生：脸 色蜡黄，身上脏兮兮。
生：一双赤脚，手上布满老茧。
师：这就是“饱经风霜”的含义。
教案二：
师生互动。结合书中图画，联系实际，对“饱经风霜”的含义进行多元化分析。
师：（板书“饱经风霜”）回忆一下，在生活中，你有没有见到过“饱经风霜”的人？
生：我看到过在街边乞讨的人，还有在建筑工地上劳动的人。
师：“饱经风霜的脸”是一张怎样的脸？请大家仔细观察书上的插图，用自己的话说说车
夫这张“饱经风霜的脸”。
生：他的眉头还紧紧地锁着。
师：没错，这是一张饱经风霜的脸。透过这张脸，你们又看到了什么？
生：也许他的实际年龄并不大，只是太辛苦了。
生：他的家里一定很穷，估计都揭不开锅了。
生：我觉得这个黄包车夫长期营养不良，身体有病，可能经历了许多艰难困苦。正是因为家里穷，他才在大冷天里赤脚拉黄包车，脚底也被玻璃片刺破了。
教案三：
师：（板书）“饱经风霜”的含义是什么？
生：生活艰难困苦。
师：“饱经”是什么意思？
生：“饱和、充满”的意思。
师：“风霜”什么意思？
生：“风雨交加，天气恶劣”的意思。
师：“饱经风霜”就是经历过很多的艰难困苦。
（生抄写词语意思在书本上）
17.假如你是一位老师，你会从以上三个教案中选择哪个作为最佳教案？请从学情关注、方法选择、师生互动三个方面进行分析。（10分）
动手做做看
法国科学家朗志万，有一次向几个小朋友提了一个奇怪的问题：“一个杯子装满了水，再放进别的东西，水就会漫出来。如果放进一条金鱼，却不是这样。这是为什么？”
一个小朋友说：“因为金鱼身上有鳞。”
另一个小朋友说：“一定是金鱼把水喝下去了。”
伊琳娜觉得他们都没说对，但自己又想不出道理来。她回到家里问妈妈。妈妈说：“不能光想，你动手做做看！”
伊琳娜找来一条金鱼，把它放进一个装满水的杯子里。哎呀，和朗志万说的不一样，水漫出来了。
伊琳娜越想越生气，第二天一早就去问朗志万：“您怎么可以提这样的问题，来哄骗我们小朋友呢？”
朗志万听了，哈哈大笑。他说：“我不是哄骗你们。我是想让你们知道，科学家的话，也不一定都是对的，要动手做做看。”伊琳娜听懂了朗志万的话，高兴地笑了。
我会认：
lǎnɡzhìmànlínyīlínnààihōnɡpiàn朗志漫鳞伊琳娜哎哄
骗
我会写：
另
志
题
提
满
朗
哄
喝
骗
18.识字、写字是阅读和写作的基础，是第一学段的教学重点，按照规范要求认真写好汉字
是《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》对语文教学提出的基本要求，这篇课文要求认识10个生字，学会书写9个生字。如果你是老师，阅读上面的课文，请写出识字写字教学片段设计，并请你在田字格里示范书写本课9个生字，做到正确、规范、美观。（12分）
六、写作表达（本大题共 40分）
19.作文标题为《我们怎样过简单快乐的生活》，文体不限。不少于800 字，其中诗歌题材不少于14 行。
第二篇：考编英语真题
PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION(30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT A
Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years.(So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali.Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.)To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw.Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa.For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image.“Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006.“Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists.(Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.)It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver.An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home.People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service.Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies.(One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle.By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.)The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren.Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up;the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up.Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours.Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists.When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey.A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”
While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure.Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years.Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from.Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar.For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees(about $2.50)a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited.A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars.For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism.Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.“I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place.As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.“The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me.“Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”
But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances.Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976.The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers.It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century.Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”
“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11.According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A.taking foreign tourists around the city.B.providing transport to school children.C.carrying store supplies and purchases
D.carrying people over short distances.12.Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? A.They come from a relatively poor area.B.They are provided with decent accommodation.C.Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D.They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13.That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar”(4 paragraph)means that even so, A.the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B.the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C.the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D.the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14.We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people A.hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B.strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C.call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D.keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15.Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor? A.“„not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2 paragraph)B.“„,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C.Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“„or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.”(6 paragraph)16.The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest A.the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B.the inefficiency of the municipal government.C.the difficulty of finding a good solution.D.the slowness in processing options.TEXT B Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years(says National Public Radio)or five years(according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether.Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines).Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy “élite” security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line.This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting.An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--“we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.”
Almost every line can be breached for a price.In several U.S.cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines.On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people.This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business.And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants “to cut in line ahead of millions of people.”
Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S.Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date.There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating.But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted “A” boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure.Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up.Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group--consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder--what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: “We wait.We are bored.”
17.What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers„Poor suckers, mostly.”(2 paragraph)A.Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B.Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C.Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D.Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line? A.Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B.Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C.First-class passenger status at airports.D.Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19.We can infer from the passage that politicians(including mayors and Congressmen)A.prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B.advocate the value of waiting in lines.C.believe in and practice waiting in lines.D.exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20.What is the tone of the passage? A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXT C
A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights.It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism;and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny.Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress(five feet four in height and in average health)would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner.In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement.Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury.The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there.It seemed with humanity.The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station.The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery.Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings;and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21.That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that A.modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B.there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C.the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D.the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22.The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT A.“„turned Babylonian”.B.“perhaps a new barbarism’.C.“acres of white napery”.D.“balanced to the last halfpenny”.23.In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to A.please simple people in a simple way.B.exploit gullible people like him.C.satisfy a demand that already existed.D.provide relaxation for tired young men.24.Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A.The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B.The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C.The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D.It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25.The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that A.the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B.the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C.Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D.the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26.The author’s attitude to the café is A.fundamentally critical.B.slightly admiring.C.quite undecided.D.completely neutral.TEXT D I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness.But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders.Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about.But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants.For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”
When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back.Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy.But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was.In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom.After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out.Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away.With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance.“Smelter or death.”
The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries.It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world;diversify an economy historically dependent on fish;and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice.Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project.“We have a right to live.”
27.According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of A.environmental value.B.commercial value.C.potential value for tourism.D.great value for livelihood.28.What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project? A.Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B.The project would lower life expectancy.C.The project would cause environmental problems.D.The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29.The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT A.fewer fishing companies.B.fewer jobs available.C.migration of young people.D.Imposition of fishing quotas.30.The 4 paragraph in the passage A.sums up the main points of the passage.B.starts to discuss an entirely new point.C.elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D.continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answer to each question.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.34.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.35.________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A.Will Blake
B.W.B.Yeats C.Robert Browning D.William Wordsworth 36.The Financier is written by A.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A.Allegory.B.Sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.38.________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A.Language acquisition
B.Language comprehension C.Language production
D.Language instruction 39.The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”.This is an example of ________ in morphology.A.Backformation B.Conversion C.Blending D.acronym 40.Language is t tool of communication.The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves A.an expressive function.B.an informative function.C.a performative function.D.a persuasive function.Part IV
Proofreading & Error Correction(15 min)
The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case, only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE
When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass.Whereas this is not the fault of their language.The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive')is inherently more precise and subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'.The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens.How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?
PART VTRANSLATION(60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间, 情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交;反之, 则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉, 再亲密, 也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破, 友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet;but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。
PART VI
WRITING(45 MIN)
Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it a n entirely new look.The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings.Tis triggered off different responses.Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage.What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.—THE END –
参考答案 tones of voice 2 huskiness 3 universal signal;4 thought or uncertainty 5 indifference 6 honesty 7 distance;8 situation;9 mood;10 unconsciously same posture SECTION B INTERVIEW
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C
8.D 9.D 10.A PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30.C
31-35 DAAAC
36-40 DAACB
Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction 1 be后插入as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much 6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as;10 the part去掉the
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting;otherwise they will separate and end the relationship.Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect.Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more.Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.It may be a small matter to be rude to friends;however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds.The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE 我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间；树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。
PART VI WRITING The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique characteristics.Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it.In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.First, a city’s regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity.In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes.Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel.Take Beijing for example.In the past few years, Beijing has been removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city.But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself.Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang.We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich.Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input.Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself.Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process.More haste, less speed.Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account.The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.
第三篇：2017年安徽中考真题语文
2017年安徽省中考真题语文
一、语文积累与综合运用 1.默写古诗文中的名句名篇。
（1）请在下列横线上填写出古诗文名句。（任选其中6句，不得多选）①关关雎鸠，_______________。（《诗经·关雎》）②阡陌交通，_______________。（陶渊明《桃花源记》）③欲渡黄河冰塞川，_______________。（李白《行路难》）④_______________，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜。（杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》）⑤_______________，似曾相识燕归来。（晏殊《浣溪沙》）⑥_______________，左牵黄，右擎苍。（苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》）⑦落红不是无情物，_______________。（龚自珍《己亥杂诗》）
⑧辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》中写兵士们在秋高气爽时节接受检阅的句子是“_______________”。
（2）默写陆游《游山西村》的前四句。
_______________，_______________。_______________，_______________。解析：本题考查古诗文名句默写能力。答案：（1）①在河之洲 ②鸡犬相闻 ③将登太行雪满山 ④安得广厦千万间 ⑤无可奈何花落去 ⑥老夫聊发少年狂 ⑦化作春泥更护花 ⑧醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营
（2）莫笑农家腊酒浑，丰年留客足鸡豚。山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。
阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
千百年来，咏月的诗人不记其数，中国人之钟情于月亮，在于其明澈而不炫目，宁谧而不沉寂。秦风汉韵，唐诗宋词，都融在如练的月华中。古人咏月，让人看见的不是jiǎo洁的月光，而是千年诗赋的动人华章。月亮那温馨怡人的风致，飘逸脱尘的气韵，晶莹剔透的品质，慰藉了多少孤寂幽怨的心灵。月亮就是诗心，举头一望，心灵自会变得澄明。2.给划线字注音，根据拼音写出相应的汉字。炫目_____ jiǎo洁_____ 澄明_____ 解析：按照要求给字注音或根据拼音写出汉字。答案：xuàn 皎 chéng
3.文中有错别字的一个词语是“_____”，这个词语的正确写法是“_____”。解析：本题考查的是字形，在阅读过程中完成汉字的纠错。答案：不记其数 不计其数
4.文中“钟情”的“钟”的意思是_____；“如练的月华”中，“练”的意思是_____。解析：切记通读全文，依据情景总结意思。答案：专注 白色的丝带
5.画线句子运用了_____和_____的修辞手法。
解析：从文中找出运用的修辞手法的句子，准确写出来即可。答案：排比 拟人 运用课外阅读积累的知识，完成各题。6.下列选项中，搭配不正确的一项是（）A.《西游记》 吴承恩 明代 B.《安徒生童话》 安徒生 丹麦 C.《朝花夕拾》 鲁迅 中国现代 D.《海底两万里》 凡尔纳 英国
解析：此题考查对文学常识的记忆。需要平时广泛读书，在学习过程中有意识记忆，做好积累，D项中凡尔纳是法国人。答案：D
7.“天上的风雨来了/鸟儿躲到它的巢里/心中的风雨来了/我只能躲到你的怀里”出自冰心的诗集《____》，诗中的“你”指的是____。解析：诗句出自冰心的《繁星·春水》，以歌诵母爱，自然为主，“你”指的是“母亲”。答案：《繁星》、母亲。
某校开展“光影流年——电影主题周”活动，活动中有一些问题，请你参与解决。
8.本周五下午学校举办“电影文化”主题讲座，需推迟20分钟放学，阿德同学拟写了一条发给本班家长的短信。请你按要求帮他修改。
本周五下午学校举办电影文化讲座，需推迟一会儿放学，特此告知。请您妥善合理安排接孩子的时间。谢谢！
①为表示尊重，短信开头应添加称呼及礼貌用语：____ ②短信中推迟放学的时间交代不具体，应将“____”改为“____”。③画线句子有语病，可修改为____。（不得改变原意）
解析：本题考查修改病句。①为表示尊重，短信开头应添加称呼及礼貌用语：尊敬的家长，您好！②短信中推迟放学的时间交代不具体，应将“一会”改为“十分钟”；③画线句子有语病，可修改为去掉“妥善”（或“合理”）
答案：①尊敬的家长，您好！②一会十分钟③去掉“妥善”（或“合理”）。
9.学生会开展“对对联，赢影票”活动，请帮助小祥同学为下面的上联选出合适的下联。上联：咫尺银幕，流转千般光影。下联：____，____。
A.斗室方桌，遍览万古文章。B.方寸镜头，透视万种风情。C.琳琅满布，经营百样繁华。D.小小梨园，上演生旦净丑。
解析：本题考查对对联的理解、掌握能力。解答此题，要求掌握对联的一些基本知识，如语句对仗，词性相同，还要注意修辞运用，语境是否符合等方面。上联中有“咫尺”可思考下联中“方寸”与它相应，故选：B。答案：B
10.校团委组织了“戏曲电影展映”活动，并在学生中进行了两次问卷调查。结果如下：
戏曲电影展映前后“喜爱与支持率”调查情况统计图
仔细阅读上图，请用简洁的语言作答。（每空限10字以内，不得出现字数。）①展映后，学生对戏曲电影的喜爱及支持率均____ ②四部电影中，黄梅戏电影《天仙配》在展映前后____。
解析：考查把表格转换成文字的能力。作答此类题目时，一定要认真观察表格中的文字和数据，结合表格的标题，即可得出结论。注意，一般不能出现表格中的数据。几组数据并列，要考虑有没有比较的意味。①展映后，学生对戏曲电影的喜爱及支持率均明显提高，②四部电影中，黄梅戏电影《天仙配》在展映前后最爱学生喜爱。答案：①明显提高②均最爱学生喜爱
二、阅读
阅读选文，回答下列各题。
明天，我们拿什么滋养生命
梁建中
①“50年代淘米洗菜，60年代洗衣灌溉，70年代水质变坏，80年代鱼虾绝代，90年代不洗马桶盖。”这是河流污染的真实写照。
②根据我国国家环保局的一项调查，在被统计的13l条流经城市的河流中，严重污染的有36条，重度污染的有21条。全国532条主要河流中，有436条受到不同程度的污染。城市河流的主要污染物为石油类、挥发酚、氨氮和汞等。其中有机类属严重污染，三氮类属重度污染，重金属为轻度污染。目前中国约有一半城市市区的地下水污染严重，地下水水质呈下降趋势。
③污染带来的就是灾难。珠江海区的污染使栖息在该海区的鲷科、石首科、带鱼、乌贼和中国对虾等19种经济鱼类和25种经济虾类连续出现大量死亡，使洄游产卵繁殖的狮鱼、马鲛等锐减；这里著名的“万山渔汛”，已不成汛。
④长江也不乐观，不断增加的、不经处理的废水污水在城市江段已形成明显污染带。据调查，长江干流21个主要城市江段的污染带已超过600千米，占城市江段长度的70%.随着乡镇企业及农业发展，长江水体还受到农药和化肥污染。另外，每年长江带入东海的泥沙达6亿吨，输沙量已达黄河的，相当于尼罗河、亚马孙河和密西西比河3条世界大河的输沙总量。
⑤母亲河——黄河的情况更遭。从20世纪70年代起，黄河下游及河口地区旱季断流现象几乎年年发生，1997年创纪录地达到累计断流226天，仅胜利油田少产原油就损失30多亿元。目前，黄河流域用水量已超过360亿立方米。随着黄河流域用水量猛增，各地都对昔日流入黄河的雨水“围追堵截”。大大减少了黄河的入水量。甘肃、宁夏百姓大挖水窖，积蓄雨水，被广泛推广的所谓“旱作农业”，使干旱的土壤变成了一块块“海绵”。地下水开采和生态耗水，如水土保持、植树造林等都直接影响到黄河的水量，使黄河再也无法形成昔日容纳百川的汪洋恣肆的壮观场面。
⑥专家预测，2030年我国人口将进入高峰时期，届时人均水资源量大约只有1750立方米，中国将成为严重缺水的国家。
⑦拯救我们的水资源环境吧，不要让“人类最后见到的一滴水是我们自己的眼泪”变成现实！
（选自《青少年科技博览）2008年03期有删改）
11.选文以“明天，我们拿什么滋养生命”为题，主要说明的对象是什么？ 解析：考查说明对象的把握。答案：我国的河流污染十分严重。
12.用一句话概括第②段的主要内容。
解析：考查内容的理解和概括能力。方法：找中心句；结合本段说明特征概括，摘要联合，结合标点，尤其注意分号，认真提炼。
答案：废水污水不经处理就排放；农药化肥的污染；大挖水窖，对流入黄河的雨水“围追堵截”；无节制开采地下水。
13.请以第③、④段为例简要分析选文主要运用了哪几种说明方法？ 解析：考查说明方法及其作用。
答案：①句运用了举例子和列数字的说明方法，具体准确地说明我国的水污染已十分严重，很有说服力。②句运用了列数字和作比较的说明方法，直观地告诉我们长江每年带入东海的泥沙之多，情况不容乐观。
14.下面语句出自选文第⑤段，分析句中划线词的作用，体会说明文语言的准确性、严密性。
从20世纪70年代起，黄河下游及河口地区旱季断流现象几乎年年发生，1997年创纪录地达到累计断流226天，仅胜利油田少产原油就损失30多亿元。解析：考查说明文语言的特点：准确性。答案：“几乎”表明十分接近，用“几乎”说明断流现象出现的频率高。
15.相关链接：仔细观察下面“中国节水标志”图，回答（1）（2）题。
（1）请你探究“中国节水标志”图标的设计意图。（2）“拯救我们的水资源环境吧，不要让人类最后见到的一滴水是我们自己的眼泪，变成现卖。”面对严峻的水资源环境，你该怎么做？
解析：本题考查观察能力、归纳能力、语言表达能力，还有想象力，可谓一箭“数”雕。答案：（1）国家节水标志的设计意图是：“国家节水标志”由水滴、人手和地球变形而成。（绿色的）圆形代表地球，象征节约用水是保护地球生态的重要措施。标志留白部分像一只手托起一滴水，手是拼音字母JS的变形，寓意节水，表示节水需要公众参与，鼓励人们从我做起，人人动手节约每一滴水；手又像一条蜿蜒的河流，象征滴水汇成江河。（能说出大意即可）（2）①加大宣传力度，提高全社会的节水意识。②进一步健全和完善与节水相关的法律法规，实现依法治水。③鼓励开发使用节水的新科技，如节水龙头、节水马桶„„围绕“从我做起，节约每一滴水；从我身边做起，不污染水源；参加公益活动，做义务宣传员。为拯救水资源做出自己应有的贡献。”来答即可。
阅读短文，回答问题。
扁担的一生 范宇
①在村庄的记忆里，几乎任何时间、任何角落都能见到扁担的身影。挑粪、挑种子、挑谷子、挑土豆、挑橘子„„„„农人在土地上的所有倾注与收获，都与扁担密不可分。扁担就是农人的精神脊梁，让他们挑起一个家庭重担的同时，也挑起了一个村庄沉重的历史与殷殷期盼。
②___________________________________。母亲嫁给父亲时，半背篼谷子便是全部的家当。泥墙茅顶的房子破败不堪，常常在狂风骤雨中摇摇欲坠，只有立于墙角略弯的扁担显得精神抖擞，给人信心与希望。或许，母亲嫁给父亲的勇气，有几分便来自于扁担的抖擞精神。总之，在昼夜有序更替的村庄里，父母用扁担慢慢挑起了生活的担子，就像蚂蚁搬家一样，虽然缓慢，却渐渐挑出了一个家庭的崭新面貌。
③___________________________________。
④20年前，父亲从山里找到一截不错的木材，正想着用来做点什么呢。身为木匠的舅舅几乎脱口而出——扁担。对，扁担！父亲也认为，只有改成一根扁担，才不辜负这上好的木材。说干就干，粗糙的木材到了舅舅手里，不用半天，就变成了一根笔直的扁担。扁担不能太直，太直则易伤肩头和腰。因此，还得将扁担以火烤之后，用外力将之略微压弯成弓形。可这根扁担实在太有骨气了，即便火烤、重压，仍然笔直，没有半点屈服。
⑤这根扁担挑起来更吃力，父亲却爱不释手。之后的许多年里，父亲无论挑什么，都用她。有次在挑玉米时，父亲不小心闪了腰，疼了好长一段时间。但父亲并没有放弃她，用汗水和心血一点点浸润着她，渐渐地，她坚硬的心被融化了，挺直的腰板，也弯了下来。父亲挑起扁担来越来越有默契，像与母亲的婚姻一样，虽偶有磕磕绊绊，感情却越来越深厚。她也没有辜负父亲的良苦用心，苦心经营，以顶天立地般的气慨，让一个家庭从贫穷落后走向富足安逸。
⑥可这样的日子并没有持续多少年。越来越多的人开始离开村庄，离开赖以生存的土地，扁担也渐渐地走向了落寞。不少人再也没有回来，在城里买了房子，过上了舒坦的日子。这也让父亲坚信一根扁担能够挑出一个未来的信念，逐渐土崩瓦解。或许，这背后更多是村庄现实的无奈。
⑦无论如何，父亲最终选择了离开。
⑧曾经朝夕相对的扁担被搁置在了一个冰冷的墙角，孤零零的。说来也奇怪，没有了重压，扁担却一天比一天更弯，弯得像一个苟延残喘的暮年老者。或许，再过几年，抑或十余年，她便将走完一生，彻底告别深爱了一生也奋斗了一生的村庄。
⑨这也是农人的一生。
⑩九月，村庄又迎来冷冷清清的收获季节。我返城时，碰见正挑着谷子从田边迎面走来的大伯。大伯今年已60余岁了，还在田间劳作着。他也曾短暂离开过村庄，却始终没能走出像扁担一样的命运。他仍然坚信着，只要村庄还在，扁担还在，就一定能够扛起生活的重担。甚至，在人烟越来越少的村庄里，不少死守的农人还是坚信——一根扁担仍能挑起一个村庄。⑪这是一种可贵精神，或许它与现实追求早已背道而驰，却让人肃然起敬。
（选自《襄阳晚报》2016年3月3日，有删改）
16.根据上下文，将下面两个句子分别填入文章②③两段横线处，第②段应填_____，第③段应填_____ A.这让我有了探索一根扁担一生的浓厚兴趣。B.我的家也是扁担挑起来的。
解析：本题考查补齐句子的能力。根据第一段中的“扁担就是农人的精神脊梁，让他们挑起一个家庭重担的同时，也挑起了一个村庄沉重的历史与殷殷期盼。“可知，此处应填第二句话，因为这句话紧承第一段最后一句。从第四段开始写了父亲那根扁担的一生，所以此处应填第一句话。答案：BA
17.阅读文章④﹣⑥段，概括补充扁担经历的主要变化过程。（每空不超过5个字）上好的木材→_____→渐弯的扁担→_____ 解析：本题考查筛选信息。根据第四段中的“可这根扁担实在太有骨气了，即便火烤、重压，仍然笔直，没有半点屈服。“可得笔直的扁担。根据第六段中的“离开赖以生存的土地，扁担也渐渐地走向了落寞可得”落寞的扁担”。答案：笔直的扁担 落寞的扁担
18.作者提到“扁担”，多次使用第三人称“她”，有何表达效果？
解析：本题考查对人称的理解与掌握。扁担本是无情之物，应用“它“，但这里用“她“，这是拟人手法，把扁担人格化，表现了作者对扁担的深情厚意。答案：将扁担人格化，叙述亲切自然，蕴含作者对扁担的深厚情感。
19.联系上下文，简要分析第⑩段画线句子蕴含了作者怎样的情感。
解析：本题考查揣摩作者感情。这句话所写为我大伯的经历。他也曾短暂离开农村，但最终又回来了，他是落寞的，同时他又是坚持的，对村庄的坚持，我对大伯的这种精神深怀敬意。答案：对农人像扁担一样的命运感到无奈。对农人坚守村庄的执着精神深怀敬意。
20.“扁担”在文中有着丰富的内涵，请结合全文谈谈你的理解。解析：本题考查赏析文章中意象的理解与掌握。
答案：扁担是农具，担负着农人家庭生活的重担。扁担是农人的精神脊梁，担负着村庄的历史和期盼。扁担的一生是农人的一生，与农人、村庄的命运相始终。
阅读下面文言文，回答后面各题。
陋室铭 刘禹锡
山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云：何陋之有？ 21.解释下列句中划线的词。
①山不在高，有仙则名______ ②斯是陋室，惟吾德馨______ ③可以调素琴，阅金经______ ④无案牍之劳形______ 解析：本题考查对文言实词的理解能力。答案：①有名（或“出名”“著名”“成了名山”）；②这；③调弄，这里指弹（琴）；④使„„劳累。
22.下面句子朗读时，停顿正确的一项是（）A.臣不胜受恩/感激 B.今齐地方/千里 B.朔气传/金柝 D.水/不在深
解析：本题考查句子的停顿，句子内部的停顿主要是句子成分之间的停顿，所以要先正确划分句子的结构。答案：D
23.翻译：孔子云：何陋之有？
解析：本题考查的是理解并翻译句子的能力。答案：孔子说，有什么简陋的呢？
24.结合全文思考，文章写“诸葛庐、子云亭”有什么作用？ 解析：本题考查鉴赏文章写作技巧的能力。
答案：示例：作者采用类比的手法，以历史上两个知名人物的名室和自己的陋室作比，说明陋室不陋的原因是主人品德高尚。
三、写作
25.阅读下面文字，按要求作文。
不闯红灯，是对规则的承诺；走进经典，是对阅读的承诺；追求卓越，是对人生的承诺；关爱他人，是对社会的承诺„„„„承诺是一份责任，也是一种素养。在初中生活里，你有过哪些与承诺有关的经历和感触呢？
请以“这就是我的承诺”为题，结合自己的生活体验，写一篇文章。提示与要求：
（1）自定立意，写出你的经历、感悟、认识。（2）可以大胆选择你最能驾驭的文体进行写作。
（3）文中不要出现真实的地名、校名、人名等信息。（4）不要套作，不得抄袭。
（5）考虑到内容的充实，文章不要少于600字。
解析：这是一篇命题作文，该题目简洁新颖，没有审题障碍，这个题目在命题上不落窠臼，在思维形式上注重开放，在内容上贴近生活。同时，我们可以选取自己最熟悉、最有话可说的内容来写。
这就是我的承诺，这是一个很平常的题目，要想写出新意，也有一定的难度，这个词语里蕴含着着深刻的道理。是一个人品质的良好表现。
可以有两个思路，一是选取生活细节，如写自己或者周围人关于承诺的事情；也可以跨越时空，寻找离我们生活、时间较远的写作素材。
整篇文章要以记叙文字为主，也可以使用其他的表达方式作为补充，在文章最后可以写一段议论抒情文字，写出所感所悟，升华一下文章的主旨。
也可以采用小标题或者分镜头的方式，写几件事，会给人耳目一新之感。答案：略
第四篇：2013合肥小学美术考编真题
2012年合肥市中小学美术考编试题（备选试卷一）
1．美术课程教学评价的主要目标是。
A.促进学生发展 B.促进教师发展 C．选拔人才 D.修满学分
2．美术课程以对 的感知、理解和创造为特征。
A．美术现象 B．抽象思维 C．形象思维 D．视觉形象
3．美术课程是学校进行 的主要途径。
A．艺术教育 B．技能教育 C．美育 D.人文教育
4．《美术课程标准》中，义务教育阶段美术学科共分为 学段。
A．3个 B．4个 C.5个 D.不分
5．师德修养的灵魂是。
A．教书育人 B．爱岗敬业 C．关爱学生 D．为人师表
6．学生在美术学习中积累视觉、触觉和其他感官的经验，发展感知能力，形象思维能力、表达和交流能力。体现了美术课程的 性质。
A．人文性 B．实践性 C．视觉性 D．愉悦性
7．新课标指出：中小学校图书馆应配备的其他美术资源是
A．多媒体、幻灯片 B．电视机、移动硬盘
C．DVD放映机、光盘 D．光盘、幻灯片
8． 是一种用来记录学生整个美术成长过程的资料夹。
A．美术学习分数 B．美术学习记录
C．美术学习评价 D．美术学习档案袋
9．美术学习活动大致可分为创作和 两类。
A．欣赏 B．评述 C．绘画 D．设计
“感受各种材料的特征，根据意图选择媒材，合理使用工具和制作方法。”这属于
学习领域的内容。
A.造型·表现 B.设计·应用
C．欣赏·评述 D.综合·探索
11．《美术课程标准》中各学习领域分别由目标、和评价要点三部分组成。
A.教学建议 B.学习活动建议 C.活动建议 D.教学实施建议
美术学习特别重视对学生 的培养，采用多种方法，帮助学生学会运用美术的方法，将创意转化为具体成果。
A.个性与创新精神 B.个性与耐性 C.创造力 D.学生兴趣
13.关于教学方法有以下的描述，你认为不正确的一项是
A.教学方法是教师对教学认识与实践经验总结的产物
B.教学方法对实现教学目标有重要的作用
C.教学方法是完成美术教学任务教师在教学中采用的教授方法
D.教学方法一旦形成便具有相对的独立性
14．高中美术课程标准书法学习内容包含以下五种书体的学习是。
A.篆书、隶书、魏书、楷书、行书 B.隶书、楷书、行书、行楷、草书
C.篆书、隶书、楷书、行书、草书 D.楷书、行楷、隶书、魏书、篆书
15．不属于三到四年级“造型·表现”阶段性目标要求的一项是。
A．初步认识线条、形状、色彩与肌理等造型元素
B．学会使用各种工具，体验不同媒材的效果
C．通过观察、绘画、制作等方法表现所见所闻、所感所想
D．发展美术构思与创作的能力，表达思想与情感
16．在美术教学中，教师要为学生提供 等多样化的学习方式。
A．自主探索 B．合作交流 C．操作实践 D．以上都是
17．新课改整体设计九年一贯的义务教育课程，在初中阶段设置是。
A．以综合课程为主 B．以分科课程为主
C．分科与综合相结合的课程 D．分科课程为主，综合课程为辅的课程
18．高中美术课程标准中现代媒体艺术系列包括的学习内容是。
A．新媒体艺术和摄影摄像 B．电脑绘画与设计和动画设计与创作
C．摄影摄像和平面绘画与设计 D．摄影摄像和电脑绘画与设计
19.新课程的核心理念是。
A．为了每一个学生的发展 B．更好地提高学生成绩
C．满足社会、家长提高升学率的需求 D．提高每一位教师的教学水平
20．义务教育阶段“造型·表现”学习领域延续到高中课程标准后变为哪个内容系列。
A．现代媒体艺术 B．绘画·雕塑
C．设计·工艺 D．书法·篆刻
2l.义务教育课程标准应适应普及及义务教育的要求，让 经过努力都能够达到，体现国家对公民素质的基本要求，着眼于培养学生终身学习的愿望和能力。
A．少部分学生 B．绝大多数学生
C．所有学生 D．学困生
教材改革应有利于引导学生利用已有的知识与经验，主动探索知识的发生与发展，同时也
有利于。
教师传授知识的便利 B．学生与老师的互动
C．学生综合素质的发展 D．教师创造性地进行教学
23.是引导学生认识发展、人格构建的一种范例，是教师与学生沟通的桥梁。
A．教学参考书 B．教材 C．教法 D．教学目标
24.不属于基础教育课程改革的具体目标的是：
A．改变课程实施过程中过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状
B．改变课程评价过分强调甄别与选拔的功能
C．强调形成积极主动的学习态度，发挥学生自主学习及实践能力
D．加强课程内容与学生生活以及现代社会和科技发展的联系
25．新课程标准中初中美术定为第 学段.A．第一学段 B．第一学段
C．第三学段 D．第四学段
26．课程改革要求：改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成，使获得基础知识与基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程。
A．积极主动的学习态度 B．自学的学习方法
C．互帮互助的学习形式 D．积极向上的价值观
美术课程总目标按照“ ”“过程与方法”、“情感态度和价值观”三个维度来设 定。
A.知识与能力 B.知识与技能 C.创新与技能 D.创新与知识
28．新课程实施中，积极探索有效的教学方法，要明确 的教学设计的指导思想。
A．教师为主体 B．以学生为本 C．教师和学生互动 D．学生自学
29．对美术学习表现的评价可以采用 的方式，在学习过程中进行活在学习结束后进 行，并以适当的方式向学生反馈评价的结果，以鼓励多样化的学习方式。
A．个人评价 B．小组评价
C．团体评价 D．个人、小组或团体评价
30.适合学生身心特征和美术学科特点的多种方法。
合作和创新 B．合作和发明 C．研究和探索 D．探索和发明
3l.是教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题的依据，是国家管理和评价课程的基础。
美术课程标准 B．国家课程标准 C．教学与评价建议 D．专家意见
为保障和促进课程对不同地区、学校、学生的要求，实行 三级课程管理。
A．国家、地方和学校 B．地方、学校和教师
C．国家、学校和学生 D．地方、学校和学生
33.新课程提倡通过 的整合，逐步实现教学内容的呈现方式、学生学习方式和教学过程中师生互动方式的变革。
A．信息技术与学科课程 B．信息技术与学科技术
C．信息技术与学科内容 D．信息技术与学习方式
34．新石器的绘画艺术中仰韶文化中的_________类型的陶器多绘有鱼纹图案。
A．庙底沟 B．石岭下 C．半坡 D．半山
35．《戈射收获图》是______时代__________
A．东汉 画像石 B．东汉 画像砖 C．秦朝 壁画 D．秦朝 帛画
36．花鸟禽兽画在唐朝成为独立的画科并走上了成熟的阶段，其中以画牛著称的画家是_________，著有《五牛图》
A．韩干 B．曹霸 C．韩滉 D．戴嵩
37．《万壑松风图》是南宋画家__________的作品。
A．马远 B．李唐 C．刘松年 D．夏圭
38．中国宋代画家_________提出了山水“三远”，著有__________。
A．李成 《林泉高致》 B．郭若虚 《图画见闻志》
C．郭熙 《林泉高致》 D．邓椿 《画继》
39．反映在日本帝国主义铁蹄下饱受摧残的中国人民苦难形象的中国画是___________。
A.《起来，饥寒交迫的奴隶》 B.《流民图》 C.《血衣》 D.《三毛流浪记》
40．山西永乐宫三清殿的壁画__________，所绘人物神完气足，千变万化，描绘了气势磅礴的神仙行列。
A.《朝元仙仗图》 B.《朝元图》 C.《游春图》 D.《纯阳帝君仙游显化图》
41．吴门四家中以工笔重彩闻名的是_________
A．唐寅 B．沈周 C．文征明 D．仇英
42．唐三彩是一种流行于盛唐的陶器，以________三种颜色作为基本釉色
A．黄、绿、白 B．黄、绿、蓝 C．蓝、绿、紫 D．黄、白、蓝
43．现存最大的木结构搭是________
A.山西佛宫寺释迦塔 B.北京秒应寺白塔
C.河北开元寺料敌塔 D.天津独乐寺观音塔
44．透过_______大量的自画像，可以看出画家一生不凡的生活经历与思想感情的变化：年轻时的开朗乐观、充满自信；中年的成熟与刚毅；晚年的智慧、宽容、慈爱和孤独。
A．哈尔斯 B．伦勃朗 C．鲁本斯 D．维米尔
45．荷兰小画派的代表画家_______是一位优秀的风俗画家，他的作品往往流露出一种清新宁静的诗意，画面不以情节感人，而以宁静、安适的生活气息与光线的微妙变化给人以美的享受。
A．维米尔 B．哈尔斯 C．霍赫 D．委拉斯贵支
46．古希腊古风时期建筑柱式已经形成：______式和伊奥尼亚式。A．科林斯 B．圆柱 C．方柱 D．多利亚
47．佛罗伦萨三位艺术大师：建筑师鲁内莱斯基、雕塑家______和画家马萨乔的出现，标志着早期文艺复兴的来临。A．基布尔提 B．多纳太罗 C．詹博洛尼亚 D．吉贝尔蒂
48．乔万尼·贝利尼被认为是______画派的创始人。A．佛罗伦萨 B．威尼斯 C．尼德兰 D．枫丹白露
49．罗丹是_______国雕刻家,________是其著名代表作品之一。A.西班牙 《大卫》 B.法国 《思想者》
C.德国 《巴尔扎克》 D.意大利 《思想者》
50．古希腊雕塑家菲狄亚斯著有_________，提出人体头与身体的比例是1:7.A.《规则》 B.《法则》 C.《原则》 D.《守则》
51．青铜器上的铭文，在书法字体中属于________
A．隶书 B．草书 C．楷书 D．篆书
52．变线是指与画面成一定角度并彼此______的直线.A.相交 B.平行 C.相临 D.垂直
53．成角两个灭点都在视平线上，视平线以下的成角边线_________消失。
A.向下 B.向上 C.向左 D.向右
54．龙在紫禁城内是无所不在的形象，其中最具代表性的作品是宁寿宫______。
A.九龙戏珠 B.九龙图 C.九龙壁 D.九龙杯
55．中国美术史渊源可追溯到石器时期，汉代以来，起先没有卷轴画，________是—个大门类，后来随着纸张、毛笔、墨的改进，促成了卷轴画发展。
A.壁画 B.帛画 C.砖画 D.绢画
56．能表现出人物头部特征的是脸型、五官以及_______.A.发式 B.道具 C.手势 Ｄ.眼神
57．美术字基本上可以分为黑体、宋体和_______.A.变体 B.隶体 C.红体 D.汉体
58．剪纸可以分为窗花和_______两类，我国剪纸有南北之分，南方细腻，北方粗犷。
A.样花 B.鞋花 C.套花 D.门花
59．用渲染的方法，将两个在一个范围的颜色用清水衔接起来，产生自然效果的方法叫________.A.渲染 B.罩染 C.接染 D.晕染
60．五台山佛光寺正殿，是_______重要的建筑实物。
A.汉代 B.北魏 C.唐代 D.宋代
第二部分 主观题
简答题（每小题4分，共12分)
1．美术课程标准的基本理念有哪些?
2．简述美术课程标准中对评价方式的建议？
3．伦勃朗的艺术特色和艺术成就是什么?
二、论述题（每小题8分，共16分)
1．论述教师职业角色的多样化。
2．试述顾恺之的时代、生平、以及重要传世绘画作品艺术成就和它在理论方面贡献。
三、案例分析题(12分)
以下是人教版实验教材《小动物盖房子》教学片段，请仔细阅读并回答问题。
1．授课对象：一年级学生
2．教学目标：选用不同的材料，通过各种方法进行房子的造型设计与制作，培养学生的动手能力，体验造型活动的乐趣。
3．教学活动片段：
(1)故事导入。师：同学们，你们喜欢听故事吗？今天老师给你们讲一个非常有趣的童话故事，不过，老师有一个小小的要求，同学们听故事的时候一边听，一遍想，好吗？那故事开始，一只小兔子的房子倒了，冬天就来了，小兔子很冷，其他小动物看它可怜，要帮助它盖房子，那要怎么盖呢？我们来学习新课——《小动物盖房子》
(2)互动交流。师：我们也帮小白兔建座房子怎么样啊？要怎样盖房子呢？请同学们分四组 讨论，等会选带表说出步骤。
讨论后，学生总结：首先了解房子结构，再研究材料„„
在老师的引导下，学生踊跃的发表自己的看法。
在教师的示范下，带领学生制作一个简易的小白兔的房子，学生对于建房子的步骤有了清晰的认识。
(3)练习作业：每个学生选用自己喜欢的方式，构思设计制作与众不同的房子，大胆创新。
(4)展示评价。组织学生分小组进行欣赏评价，让学生自由欣赏其他同学作品，引导学生进行自评、互评。各组推荐优秀的作品上台，集体评价，评价出“十佳优秀设计师”。最后教师进行总体评价，及时鼓励每个有进步的学生。
问题：
l．你认为此教学片断中教师是否为学生创设了学习情境?情境的创设是否有助于学生学习目标的达成?(4分)
2．分析教师示范这个教学环节的目的，并说说美术课堂中教学示范的作用。(4分)
3．你认为该教学片段中的评价方式是否合适?为什么?
第五篇：2014四城区考编真题(幼儿园)
一、名词解释
1、儿童观（3分）
2、幼儿园保育（3分）
3、学习品质（4分）
二、选择题（2*10）
1、中国（上海）自由贸易试验区于29日10时举行挂牌仪式，中国（上海）自由贸易试验区正式成立
2、中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议审议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》。全会指出，经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点，核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中起（决定性作用）和更好发挥政府作用。
3、南京有个半山园，是为了纪念谁？他还有首诗“春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还”（王安石）
4、南京紫金山天文台有很多天文仪器，用来计时的是（日晷）（选项里面有个圭表，很多人觉得“表”肯定与时间有关，结果选错了）
5、根据一段文字推测其教育意义，很长但是很简单，不写了
6、孩子脚扭伤怎么办？（先冷敷，一天后热敷）（容易错的选项是冷敷后揉捏）
7、有四首歌，根据歌曲创作的时间先后排序（走向复兴、在希望的田野上、走进新时代、歌唱祖国）
8、第一个创办幼儿园的是（福禄贝尔）
9、皮亚杰的认知发展四阶段是（感知，前，具体，形式运算阶段）
10、我国的根本政治制度（人民代表大会制度）
三．判断（1*10）
1、昼夜产生是由于地球公转（错）
2、小强得了腮腺炎，教师让他回家，教师侵犯了他的受教育权(错)
3、国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要的义务教育阶段战略性任务是均衡发展（对）
4、学前教育属于义务教育阶段（错）
5、新课改的评价由内部评价变为外部评价，注重终端评价（错）
6、幼儿园五大领域是语言，社会，艺术，数学，健康（错）7、8、9、10、（都很简单）
四、问答
1、简述多元智能理论及其教育启示（6分）
2.环境是重要的教育资源，教师如何通过环境的创设和利用，促进幼儿发展（纲要36页原题）（6分）
3、有的幼儿做错事却不愿意承认，容易把现实和假象混淆，作为幼儿老师请提出教育策略。（7分）
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