积累的英语知识

第一篇：积累的英语知识

新编英语教程(李观仪)A New English Course

Space Requirements How much living space does a person need? What happens when these space requirements are not adequately met? Sociologists and psychologists are conducting experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowding on humans.Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space.If rats have adequate living space, they eat well, sleep well and reproduce well.But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior patterns and even their health conditions change perceptibly.They cannot sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and tension become obvious.The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other.Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related.Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is adequate space not only desirable but also essential for human survival? There is an inn where I lived one summer,writing my book and observing the tourists.Torcello which used to be lonely as a cloud has recently become an outing from Venice.Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts, all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with eraly mosaics—scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna;Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it.They wander into the church and look around aimlessly.They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila.They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which, for a day have scented the whole island.As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal.The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something.The English declare that they cannot afford to do this.They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them.Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader.There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn;while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone.After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture.They, at least, know what they are seeing.Then they march back to their boat.They are tidy;they leave on litter.More interesting, however, than the behavior of the tourists is that of the islanders.As they are obliged, whether they like it or not, to live in public during the whole summer, they very naturally try to extract some financial benefit from this state of affairs.Babies toddle about offering four-leafed clovers and hoping for a tip.More cries of ―Buona fortuna‖.The priest organizes holy processions to coincide with the arrival of the steamer.And so the play goes on.The tourists are incredibly mean, they hardly leave anything on the island except empty cigarette boxes and flapping Daily Mails.The lace is expensive, but they might buy a few postcards or shell necklaces and give the children some pennies;they seem to have hearts of stone.As soon as the last boat has gone, down comes the curtain.The ―gondoliers‖ shed their white linen jackets and silly straw hats and go back to Burano, taking Eric , highly dissatisfied with his earnings and saying if this goes on he will die of hunger.The sweet old women let the smiles fade from their faces, put away their lace-making pillows, and turn to ordinary activities of village life such as drowning kittens.The father of the clover babies creeps about on his knees finding four-leafed clovers for the next day.The evening reproaches ring out, the moon comes up, the flapping Daily Mails blow into the lagoon.Torcello is itself again.You will be more successful in bringing others to your belief if you agree with them than if you show evidence for your point of view.People are ruled more by whim than by wisdom.A learned profession is sometimes defined as any job that employs scholarly achievement in the service of others.According to this definition, any position involving extensive academic training that is subsequently used in the service of society is to be considered a learned profession.When the consumer makes choices, he is actually deciding the kinds of products that businesses will offer for sale, an article that has little demand and yields small profit will be discontinued by business.The speaker argued that one trouble with price supports is that they are too high, they encourage production that is not needed.If farmers know they are going to get the support price(支持性价格，通过补贴等形式对农民保证农产品最低价格), they will produce all they can without regard for what the market will actually take.THE SUBWAY(Tom Wolfe)In a way, of course, the subway is the living symbol of all that adds up to lack of status in New York.There is a sense of madness and disorientation at almost every express stop.The ceilings are low, the vistas are long, there are no landmarks, the lightning is an eerie blend of fluorescent tubing, electric light bulbs and neon advertising.The whole place is a gross assault on the senses(感官).The noise of the trains stopping or rounding curves has a high-pitched harshness that is difficult to describe.People feel no qualms about pushing whenever it becomes crowded.Your tactile sense(触觉)takes a crucifying you never dreamed possible.The odors become unbearable when the weather is warm.Between platforms, record shops broadcast 45 r.p.m records with metallic tones and lunch counters serve the kind of hot dogs in which you bite through a tensile, rubbery surface and then hit a soft, oleaginous center like cottonseed meal, and the customers sit there with pastry and bread flakes caked around their mouths, belching to themselves so that their cheeks pop out flatulently now and then.Cake（使）结块，（使）凝结 a cake of soap一块肥皂 shoes caked with mud粘结了泥块的鞋

The underground spaces seem to attract every eccentric passion.A small and ancient man with a Bible, an American flag and a megaphone haunts（vt.常去，常到）the subways of Manhattan.He opens the Bible and quotes from it in a strong but old and monotonous voice.He uses the megaphone at express stops, where the noise is too great for his voice to be heard ordinarily, and calls for redemption.Also beggars.And among the beggars New York’s status competition is renewed, there in the much-despised subway.On the Seventh Avenue IRT line the competition is maniacal.Some evenings the beggars ricochet off one another between stops, calling one another—s and –-s and telling each other to go find their own-----car.A mere blind man with a cane and a cup is mediocre business.What is demanded is entertainment.Two boys, one of them with a bongo drum, get on and the big boy, with the drum, starts beating on it as soon as the train starts up, and the little boy goes into what passes for a native dance.Then, if there is room, he goes into a tumbling act.He runs from one end of the car, first in the direction the train is going, and does a complete somersault in the air, landing on his feet.Then he runs back the other way and does a somersault in the air, only this time against the motion of the train He does this several times both ways, doing some native dancing in between.This act takes so long that it can be done properly only over a long stretch, such as the run between 42nd Street and 72nd Street.After the act is over, the boys pass along the car with Dixie cups, asking for contributions.Since nylon[nailon] is unaffected by mold(霉菌), fungus(真菌), and moisture(潮湿), it was useful during World War Ⅱ in making equipment for jungle fighting.In attaining one’s objectives, subtle direction is often more effective than brute force.Men will yield to persuasion when they would resist coertion.Each year textbooks become shorter and at the same time convey more solid(印刷，行间的)密排的 information.Their authors tend increasingly toward compactness(紧密,坚实,压缩,简洁).If the battle is hard, victory is all the more(更加，越发)glorious.It is the difficulty of obtaining something that gives the thing its value.He had a delicate(精致柔弱的；要求悉心处置的，难处理的；考虑周到，为他人着想的)dislike of offending other men’s opinions.He dealt with them tenderly.This is a somewhat delicate subject.这是个有点敏感的话题 American cities, with few exceptions, resemble each other greatly.It is true that some of them may be constructed chiefly of wood, while others are chiefly brick, but in every other respect they are markedly uniform.Why do fashions occur in the first place? One reason is that in some cultures, like ours, values change: what is new is good.Thus in many modern societies clothing styles change yearly, while people in traditional societies may wear the same style of clothing for many generations.Many industries promote quick changes in fashions to increase their sales.Fashions are stimulated, too, by the quest for prestige and social mobility(社会地位的流动).Although a new style occasionally originates from lower-status groups, as blue jeans did, most fashions trickle down from the top.Upper-class people adopt some style or artifact as a badge(标记,象征,徽章)of their status, but they cannot monopolize垄断，独占 most status symbols for long.The style or object adopted by the middle-class may be copied and modified for use by lower-status groups, providing people wit(vt,vi,知道n.智力，才智)the prestige of possessing a high-status symbol.By trickling down, however, the symbol eventually loses its prestige.The upper-class adopts a new style, until too ―trickled down‖ and must be replaced by another.Education was the key to upward social mobility.教育是提高社会地位的关键 Trickle down(尤指钱经国家经济体制)由富人向贫者滴流 If the wealthy pay less tax, the benefits should trickle down to people on lower incomes.如富人减少纳税，低收入者应该可以受惠。“滴入论，垂滴论”富者愈富应该能惠及贫者，如提供更多工作机会。Early aviation engineers found they could increase the speed of an airplane by streamlining its shape.Compared with large aircraft, small airplanes are not as streamlined and hence are less efficient.Even though relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently.Many a person who lives in New York thinks that life in a large city offers special advantages.Not all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground;some of it is lost through evaporation.Dogs possess hearing and smelling abilities superior to those of their owners.This very interesting novel has only one fault.I mention this fault without fear of offending the author, for obviously on writer is infallible[in’f※libl]一贯正确的 Although we are tolerant in allowing men of genius to have eccentricities of behavior, we don’t think of such behavior as necessary or advantageous.A true genius is himself ashamed of being too different and does not try to set himself apart from other people by whimsical peculiarities.Human curiosity has no stopping point.When it finds an answer to a question, it seeks an explanation for the answer.It accepts no primary principles that govern the universe;rather, it seeks something still prior in the order of nature.There are a few persons whose views of the future prospects of this project are gloomy.But they are certainly in the minority.The prevailing atmosphere is one of optimism, for many recent developments point to the workability of the project.It has always been dangerous to teach men new ideas contradictory to those generally accepted.The first men who taught that the earth is round were persecuted.The governing principle of our age is accumulation, and that which is profited is used to gain more profit.Even in the pursuit of knowledge this is so;for knowledge is sought for its own sake and employed for its own increase.The human vocal apparatus器械,装置,设备[解器官 is equipped to produce only a certain number of sounds.A comparison of any two languages will reveal sounds that are similar.A respect for accuracy is necessary to the building of character.A child must learn to discriminate 辨别区别歧视排斥between the possibly justifiable可证明为正当的,情有可原的,无可非议的 action and the absolutely correct action.Hence, it is more essential that a child be taught mathematics than philosophy, for the former provides training in exactness of performance.A good speaker varies his speed of delivery to match the significance of his oratory演讲.Slow speech is appropriate for the important ideas, but the less weighty material should be disposed of rather speedily.It is important that with variety of material there should be variety of tempo速度拍子节奏 The Origins of the Romance Languages The Romance languages of today came originally from Latin, which was the official language of the Roman Empire.As the Empire spread gradually across a great part of Europe, Latin was introduced everywhere as the official language of government and administration.Spoken Latin was consistent from one area to another in the early days of the Empire.But later, when the Empire began to fall apart, the Roman administrators began to disappear.Gradually, the Latin of each region began to develop in its own way.Separated from each other by great distances and naturally influenced by the speech of the local people, each area slowly developed its own distinctive characteristics to the point where separate languages were formed.The modern Romance languages include the national languages: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Rumanian.Catalan, Provencal, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinia, and Moldavian are regional Romance languages, limited in use to smaller areas within individual countries.In every society there are norms that tell individuals how they are supposed to behave.The conflict between romantic dreams and harsh reality has been the theme of many great novels.In informal situations, we often overgeneralize from the facts.For example:‖She is never on time‖;―Advertising is only a pack of lies.‖ A little consideration shows us that in reality all-or-none, black-or-white situations are rare;reality is more accurately described in terms of finer shadings and degrees.A person can learn to operate a camera successfully without knowing much about the science of optics.By the same token, he can become a good marksman神枪手 without a knowledge of ballistics弹道学.Knowledge and pleasure are inextricably interlocked.It is impossible for us to learn what we don’t enjoy, and we cannot enjoy that which does not impart learning.One consequence of wind action is that large areas are frequently ―leveled off‖, for wind tends to move loose material from higher places and deposit it in depressions沮丧;抑郁;凹,地坑.Rainwater collects in shallow depressions in the ground.雨水积聚在地上的浅坑里

As we become fatigued, it is necessary to narrow our field of attention in order to avoid decreased efficiency at a particular task.On a long automobile trip, the good driver gradually ceases to carry on a conversation.Ice erosion has played less part than has water erosion in changing the contours of the earth’s surface because the activity of ice erosion, both temporally and spatially, has been more restricted.If we are to improve the quality of this writing, we must do more than merely criticized it.We must explain why we do so.Inferior work is most effectively remedied when we know why it is poor.That night a blizzard commenced开始, increasing in fury from moment to moment.They now found that the place chosen for the hut for shelter was more than useless.They had far better have built it in the open, for the fierce wind, instead of striking them directly, was deflected on to them in furious whirling gusts.Heavy blocks of snow and rock placed on the roof were blown away and the canvas ballooned up, tearing and straining at its securings---its disappearance could only be a matter of time.Inside the hut they waited for the roof to vanish, wondering what they could do if it went, and vainly endeavoring to make it secure.After fourteen hours it went, as they were trying to pin down one corner.The smother of snow was upon them, and they could only dive for their sleeping bags with a gasp;all were silent for a night and half a day while the wind howled on;the snow entered every chink and crevice of the sleeping bags, and the occupants shivered and wondered how it would all end.Then, when everything is lined up安排就绪, I bound out of bed跳下床 and have lunch.I find that a good, heavy lunch, with some sort of glutinous dessert, is good preparation for the day’s work as it keeps one from getting nervous and excitable.We workers must keep cool and calm, otherwise we would just throw away our time in jumping about and fidgeting.It has been said that science appeals to the intellect and art to the emotions.Is music then art or science? Perhaps it is all things to all people.Some people’s appreciation of music is purely intellectual.They listen for form and techniques of composition and execution.To them music is primarily science.A whirling body tends to fly away from the center.The heavier the body is, the greater is this tendency.This is the principle on which the cream separator works.Since the cream is heavier than skim milk脱脂奶, it is drawn off at the edges.When man’s physical needs are satisfied, his possible desires increase immeasurably.By the introduction of labor-saving devices and machinery, and thus the creation of leisure time, man is able to use his energy to want new articles and activities.Then, production can be expanded to fill wants that were previously nonexistent.Liberal education has achieved its goal if its recipients are able to distinguish between factual validity and attractive speciousness, between the frankly natural and the merely vulgar, between sentimentality and honest emotion.Any man who not only has been exposed to, but has assimilated吸收,同化 a truly liberal education, can be expected to possess an intelligent and discriminating有辨别能力的;区别对待的 mind.discriminating duties差别关税 If a work of art is to be deemed great by successive generations, it must embody those characteristics of form which all mankind recognizes as the most harmonious.deem:认为,相信 deem highly of对…给予高度评价 embody:体现;使具体化;包含,收录 The new edition embodies many improvements.One of the most distinctive marks of our way of life is our moral interpretation of success and failure.We insist upon seeing a direct relationship between what we do and what we get.Success, to us, is the desert of those who attain it rather than a matter of birthright生来就有的权力,长子继承权;failure is the penalty for falling below the ethical standard.We have equated success with virtue.desert :.功过,应得的赏罚;美德 obtain one’s deserts得到应有的赏罚 Are artists more creative than other people? Maybe, maybe not.The profession of an artist is not the only one that requires creativity.Scientists, mathematicians, writers, teachers, business executives, doctors, lawyers, librarians, computer programmers---people in every line of work, if they are any good, look for ways to be creative.The football coach who invents a new play is being creative, as is the plumber who devises设计,发明 an innovative way to prevent the washing machine from leaking.Artists occupy a special place in that 既然,因为they have devoted their lives to opening the channels of visual creativity.The Aims of Education Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling.Scraps of information have nothing to do with it.A merely well-informed man is the most useless bore令人讨厌的人 on God’s earth.What we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction.Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start from, and their culture will lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as art.We have to remember that the valuable intellectual development is self-development, and that it mostly takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty.As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.As saying due to Archbishop Temple illustrates my meaning.Surprise was expressed at the success in after-life of a man, who as a boy a Rugby had been somewhat undistinguished.He answered, ―It is not what they are at eighteen, it is what they become afterwards that matters.‖

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call ―inert ideas‖—that is to say, ideas that are merely received into the mind without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.In the history of education, the most striking phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a ferment of genius, in a succeeding generation exhibit merely pedantry卖弄学问迂腐 and routine.Although the early legends are not statements of fact, they are of very great value to the world as being illustrative of the spirit, the manners and customs, the religious beliefs, and other characteristics of the race from which they originated.The value of folklore is not to be measured by its fidelity to literal facts.Roots of Freedom Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere.Egypt, Babylon, Nineveh, were all tyrannies, one immensely powerful man ruling over helpless masses, and a time came when the Athenians were led by a great man who did not want to be powerful.Absolute obedience to the ruler was what the leaders of the empires insisted on.Athens said no, there must never be absolute obedience to a man except in war.There must be willing obedience to what is good for all.Pericles, the great Athenian statesman, said :‖ We are a free government, but we obey the laws, more especially those which protect the oppressed, and the unwritten laws which, if broken bring shame.‖ Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be intolerable except to a hermit隐士 in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was imposed on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety.The creed of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.This was the conception that underlay the lofty reach of Greek genius.

第二篇：知识积累

知识积累：

探究实验试题：联系所学过的知识和技能，进行知识的类比、迁移、重组，全面细致的思考才能正确作答。

一、探究性实验的一般思路

提出假设---------实验探究-----得出结论

1、准确地把握实验目的

2、利用已学知识，分析如何实现这个目的-----实验原理

3、结合实验材料，初步确定涉及对策---实验方案

1、对未知产物的探究

某课外兴趣小组为了探究铁与硫在隔绝空气的条件下反应所得固体M的成分，设计了如右图装置。倾斜A使稀硫酸(足量)与固体M充分反应，待反应停止后，B装置增重，C装置中溶液无变化，反应后进入量气管气体的体积为VmL（已折算成标准状况）

由上述实验事实可知：

（1）①固体M中一定有的物质是______________(填化学式)理由是_______________ ②其中一种物质的质量可以确定为___________g(用代数式表示)。（2)B装置的名称是________。

写出B装置中反应的离子方程式_______________________________________。

（3)C装置的作用是_________________________，如果实验中没有B装置，则C装置中产生的现象是_________________________________________。（4)稀硫酸和固体M反应后溶液中还残留淡黄色固体，该固体是_____________,要分离出该固体，在实验操作中，除烧杯外还需要用到的玻璃仪器是_____________。

（5）通过进一步实验，测得固体M中各种成分的质量之和小于反应前铁粉和硫粉的质量之和，产生这种现象的原因可能是_____________

a．M中有未反应的铁和硫

b．测定气体体积时水准管的水面高于量气管的水面

c．A中留有反应生成的气体

d．气体进入D装置前未用浓硫酸干燥

参考答案：(1)①FeS、Fe B装置增重、量气管有气体。②

V/11200

(2)洗气瓶

2OH-+H2S → 2H2O+S2--

(3)证明H2S已被完全吸收黑色沉淀

(4)硫漏斗、玻璃棒（5）b、C

【反思】通过化学反应原理猜测可能生成哪些物质，对这些物质的检验来推测出究竟含有哪些物质。虽然探究性实验主要考察学生的探究能力，但在问题的设置上常常半酣了对实验基础知识的考查。

第三篇：知识积累

知识积累

一、拼一拼，写一写。

yè mù jiàng lín nǔ lì hǎi zǎo xuán guà

()()()()gū jì nián líng céng jīng yí dàn()()()()

二、比一比，组词语。

暮（）散（）澡（）项（）幕（）撒（）藻（）顶（）

三、想一想，填一填。

（）的夜空（）的月光（）的景色（）的遐想（）的阳光（）的水藻（）的天空（）的月球（）的努力

四、照样子写词语。

黑沉沉 静悄悄（）（）（）（）

五、把下列诗句补充完整。

1、（），呼作白玉盘。

2、月来满地水，（）。

3、（），月是故乡明。

4、（），江静碧云天。

六、仔细阅读课文，回答问题。

课文列举了几个月球的不解之谜，想一想，你能找出来吗？

七、根据课文内容判断对错。

1、月球上满是尘土、岩石和环形山。（）

2、人类已经登上过月球。（）

3、月球表面全是水。（）

4、研究结果表明，月球上不可能出现过火山活动。（）发展练习快乐阅读

枣 树

春天来了，杨树、柳树都发芽了，惟独枣树在懒懒地睡懒觉。它一不出叶，二不开花，树干上爬满了密密的皱纹，像老人的脸；长满了小黑疙瘩的枝枝杈杈，静静地伸向天空。它默默无闻，长得一点儿也不起眼。

一直到四月，不几天就抽出了几片叶，那淡黄色的叶子在阳光下一闪一闪的，真是新鲜可爱。

接着枣树开花了，六个尖尖的花瓣，像是金黄的六角小星星。它能混在树叶中，散发出一阵阵清香，招来了许多蜜蜂。听大人说，枣花蜜还是上等蜜呢。

枣花一落，就长出枣来了，绿色的，像一粒糖豆豆，不太好吃。这小青枣，长得慢极了，老也不变红。

到了秋天，枣长大了，像麻雀蛋圆滚滚的，也变红了，像小玛瑙球，红亮亮的。远远望去，绿叶中缀满了一只只小“红灯笼”，真美呀！那脆生生的红枣一吃到嘴里，立刻就有一股甜味往嗓子眼里钻，把嗓子都刺痒了。

啊！枣树，春天到来时，你不像杨树、柳树那样的早早的就换了绿稠袍，争着比漂亮。但到了秋天，你却献给人类脆甜的果实。这种高尚的品质，真值得赞颂啊！

积 累

1、多音字组词

zuàn()zhǎng()钻 长

zuān()cháng()

2、找出短文中一个比喻句抄写下来。

3、联系上下文理解词语的意思。默默无闻：

赞颂： 感 悟

4、根据理解完成

短文是按照枣树的生长顺序写的，先写了枣树的（），接着写了枣树的（）。又写了枣树的（），最后写了枣树的（）。和（）、（）对比，赞美了枣树的高尚品质。

5、读了这篇短文，你有什么收获？

能力拓展

你还知道关于月球的其他知识吗？收集一下，与同学互相交流。

第四篇：知识积累

1、别总是在压力下工作，累坏了自己，特傻！

2、别忘了身体是一切，没有了健康，无法享用人生所有的乐趣，特亏！

3、别以为能救命的是医生，其实是你自己，养生重于救命，特对！

4、别以为付出就有回报，凡事只有不计回报，才能终有好报，特灵！

5、别忽视了与你有缘者，等繁华落尽，你才明白知音难觅，特悔！

顺其自然的工作吧！慢慢享受生活，快乐享受人生每一天！

大家注意了，新骗局来了，如果你接到任何一个电话（包括10086或10010），说是在检查你的线路，并要求你按＃键或其它任何按键，请不要按那些键并马上结束通话。那是一家诈骗公司，他们的机器能在你按下任意键后，连接到你的SIM卡并用你的话费打电话。把这条信息发给尽可能多的好朋友，阻止这项诈骗。中央电视台《焦点访谈》已经播出，如果愿意，把这条信息发到你知道的群

交管局紧急通知：

因93号汽油上涨至8元一升，车流量下降，但行人流量增加，交通压力增大。为此，从5月1日起实行路人限行。单眼皮单日出行，双眼皮双日出行，一单一双夜间出行，戴墨镜出行者按故意遮挡号牌处理，对盲人出行者按无牌号处理，对割双眼皮出行者按套牌处理，请大家相互转告。

小强与小明>>——正在疯传的故事

1.小强每天在村里晃悠，爹妈看着发愁，心想这孩子将来怎么办呀；小明每日都苦读诗书，父母喜在心里，村里人都认定他必有出息。

2.那年，小强和小明都是十九岁，小强跟着村里的外出打工，来到了高速公路的工地，保底工资三千块；小明考上了一所重点大学，读的是道路与桥梁专业，学费每年五千多。

3.那年，小强和小明都是二十三岁，小强的爹妈给他说个巧媳妇，是邻村的，特别贤惠；小明在大学里谈了个女朋友，是邻校的，很有文化。

4.那年，小强和小明都是二十四岁，小强在老家结了婚，把媳妇带到工地上，来给他洗衣做饭，恩爱有加；小明终于大学毕业，找了施工单位工作，跟女友分居两地，朝思暮想。

5.小强每天很快乐，下了班就没事，吃了饭和媳妇散散步，晚上便和工友打麻将看电视；小明每天很忙碌，白天跑遍工地，晚上还做资料画图纸，好久不见的女友跟他分手了。

6.那年，小强和小明都是二十八岁，小强攒下了二十万，已是两个娃娃的爹，心想着回家盖栋漂亮的楼房；小明过了中级职称，还是单身一个人过，心想着再干几年就是高级了；

7.小强在农村老家盖了两层小楼，装修很漂亮，剩的钱买了一群猪仔，让媳妇回家种地养猪；小明在城里贷款买了一套新房，按揭三千多，父母给介绍了新女朋友，在城里上班很少见面。

8.那年，小强和小明都是三十一岁，小强媳妇从老家打电话来说：小强，现在家里有房有存款，咱喂喂猪，种种地，很幸福了，家里不能没有男人，你快回来吧；小明媳妇从城里打电话来说：小明，小孩的借读费要十五万呢，家里没有存款了，你看能不能找公司借点。

9.小强听了媳妇的话，离开了工地，回老家跟老婆一起养猪，照顾父母小孩；小明听了妻子的话，更努力工作，去了偏远又艰苦的工地，很难回家一次。10.那年，小强和小明都是三十五岁，猪肉价格疯涨，小强的一大圈猪成了宝贝，一年赚了十几万；通货膨胀严重，小明的公司很难接到项目，很多人都待岗了；

11.那年，小强和小明都是五十岁了，小强已是三个孙子的爷爷，天天晒着太阳抽着旱烟在村里转悠；小明已是高级路桥工程师，天天顶着太阳皱着眉头在工地检查；

12.那年，小强和小明都是六十岁了，小强过六十大寿，老伴说：一家团圆多好呀，家里的事就让娃们操心吧，外面有啥好玩的地方咱出去转转；小明退休摆酒席，领导说：回家歇着没意思，返聘回单位做技术顾问吧，工地上有什么问题您给指导指导；

13.小强病了一场，小强拉着老伴的手说：我活了快七十岁了，有儿有孙的，知足了；小明病了一场，小明抚着妻子的手说：我在外工作几十年，让你受苦了，对不起；

14.……由于长期体力劳动，吃的是自家种的菜、养的猪，小强身体一直很硬朗，慢慢就恢复了。由于长期熬夜加 班、小明喝酒应酬、工地食堂饭菜也很差，身上落下很多毛病，很快就去世了。

15.八十岁的小强蹲在村头抽着旱烟袋，看着远远的山；远远的山上有一片公墓，小明已在那里静静睡去；小强在鞋底磕磕烟灰，拄着拐杖站起身，望了望那片公墓，自言自语地说：唉，都是一辈子呀…

谨以此文献给工作在城市，付出了青春、爱情、亲情甚至生命的人。

人的一生很短暂，希望大家给自己多一些时间，给家人多一些关爱!

1、象棋：中国政治象征，一切为了保帅。2.麻将：中国国民象征，互相算计，只为自己成功。3.围棋：中国思维象征，一切都是非白即黑。4.军棋：中国官场的象征，官大一级压死人。5.杂技：中国现状的象征，折腾来折腾去其实都是为了维稳。6.武术：中国军事的象征，架式吓人，近期没见制服过谁

出生一张纸，开始一辈子； 毕业一张纸，奋斗一辈子； 婚姻一张纸，折磨一辈子； 做官一张纸，斗争一辈子； 金钱一张纸，辛苦一辈子； 荣誉一张纸，虚名一辈子； 看病一张纸，痛苦一辈子； 悼词一张纸，了结一辈子； 淡化这些纸，明白一辈子； 忘了这些纸，快乐一辈子!

当大部分人都在关注你飞得高不高时，只有少部分人关心你飞得累不累，这就是--友情。再忙，也要照顾好自己，朋友虽不常联系，却一直惦念。天凉时记着多穿衣！世界好友周快乐！!

少喝奶茶、不吃刚烤好的面包，远离正在充电的电源。白天多喝水，晚上少喝，一天不喝多于两杯的咖啡。少吃油多的食物，最佳睡眠为晚上十点至早上六点 晚上五点后少吃大餐，每天喝酒不超过一杯。不用冷水服胶囊，睡前半小时服药忌立刻躺下。睡眠不足八小时人会变笨，有午睡习惯的人不易老。手机电池剩一格时不要打电话，剩一格时辐射是平时的一千倍!要用左耳接电话，用右耳会直接伤害到大脑。

2012新概念--一个中心： 一切以健康为中心。

两个基本点： 遇事潇洒一点，看世胡涂一点。

三个忘记： 忘记年龄，忘记过去，忘记恩怨。

四个拥有： 无论你有多弱或多强，一定要 拥有真正爱你的人，拥有知心的朋友，拥有向上的事业，拥有温暖的住所。

五个要： 要唱，要跳，要俏，要笑，要苗条。

六个不能： 不能饿了才吃，不能渴了才喝，不能困了才睡，不能累了才歇，不能病了才检查，不能老了再后悔。看完了..，发给每一个你珍惜的朋友

对付汽油涨价的最佳方案： 增加轮胎气压，减少摩擦。清理后背箱，能放回家的就拿走，没用的扔掉，减轻负重。3 少去城里。尽可能避开高峰堵车时间，宁可多绕路也少堵着。5 万一遇到堵车严重，可以考虑熄火等候。下班和出门尽可能少带同事顺道（看见装没看见）。绝对禁止满载，少装一个是一个：带媳妇时不带姑娘，带姑娘时不带老婆。8 少穿衣服，鞋子要选轻薄短小的：光穿衬衫别穿背心。9 上车前先上好厕所，最好连屁都给放了 尽量不要在吃完饭就开车，特别是几个人都吃饱了坐你的车 11 不要在车里放过多妆饰品 12 加油不要加满，减少负重 尽可能不开空调，开窗通风健康又节油 14 车速控制在60－90最为经济 15 车里不要放水，多余 加油要在晚上加，越晚越好！气温低，油加的多 17 开车少急加速，杜绝飚车，并减少并线次数 18 适当空挡和带档溜车 不养宠物，养了也不用车带出去 出门办事外出fb，尽可能坐公家的车，坐不上公家的就坐别人家的车 21 跟车保持距离，找比自己大一号的车跟着，能减少气流阻力 22 加强对油价的预警神经，隔三差五的囤积点油票 23 多注意红绿灯，早作准备，宁可等也不抢 开车的时候不要听cd和收音机，电也是油啊,cd坏了更好，不要修了 25 车灯能不开就不开，能晚开就晚开，能借别人的光就借光 26 不用点烟器，费电 不要换宽胎，换了的再换回来

终极办法： 把车卖掉！

第五篇：知识积累

角度不整合

unconformity 当下伏地层形成以后，由于受到地壳运动而产生褶皱、断裂、弯曲作用、岩浆侵入等造成地壳上升，遭受风华剥蚀。当地壳再次下沉接受沉积后，形成上覆的新时代地层。上覆新地层和下伏老地层产状完全不同，其间有明显的地层缺失和风化剥蚀现象。这种接触关系叫不整合接触或角度不整合。

这种接触关系的特征是：上、下两套地层的产状不一致以一定的角度相交；两套地层的时代不连续，两者之间有代表长期风化剥蚀与沉积间断的剥蚀面存在。

形成过程：①在地壳稳定下降或升降运动不显著的情况下，在沉积盆地中形成一定厚度的原始水平沉积岩层； ②地壳发生水平挤压运动，使岩层产生褶皱、断裂等变形，岩层伴随着水平方向上缩短的同时，在垂直方向上则不断上升，并到达陆上的一定高度或成为山地，在此过程中还可能伴有岩浆作用与变质作用发生； ③在陆上环境下，变形的地层遭受长期的风化剥蚀，形成凹凸不平的剥蚀面，同时在剥蚀面上形成古风化壳、残积矿产等； ④地壳重新下降到水下沉积环境，在剥蚀面上又形成了新的原始水平沉积岩层（其底部常有底砾岩），新形成的地层与不整合面大致平行，但与不整合面以下的地层以一定的角度相交。所以，角度不整合反映了一次显著的水平挤压运动及伴随的升降运动。

平行不整合

在沉积过程中，地壳运动使沉积区上升，受到剥蚀，沉积作用间断，后来又下沉接受沉积，故其间缺失部分地层。因上、下两套地层相互平行，其间存在一个假整合面。这种接触关系称为假整合或平行不整合。又称假整合。

特点：其特点是上、下两套地层的产状基本保持平行，但两套地层的时代不连续，其间有反映长期沉积间断和风化剥蚀的剥蚀面存在。平行不整合的形成过程是：①在地壳稳定下降或升降运动不显著的情况下，在一定的沉积环境中沉积了一套或多套沉积岩层；②地壳发生显著上升，原来的沉积环境变为陆上剥蚀环境，经长期的风化剥蚀后，地面上形成了凹凸不平的剥蚀面，剥蚀面上分布有古风化壳及铝土矿、褐铁矿等风化残积矿产；③地壳重新下降到水面以下接受沉积，形成新的上覆沉积岩层（其底部由于开始沉积的地形差异较大而常形成底砾岩），由于地壳基本上是整体上升和下降的，故上、下两套地层的产状基本保持平行。所以，平行不整合的出现，反映了地壳的一次显著的升降运动。