全国出国培训备选人员外语考试(BFT)经典作文(熟背一定过)[小编整理]

第一篇：全国出国培训备选人员外语考试(BFT)经典作文(熟背一定过)

全国出国培训备选人员外语考试（BFT）作文模板

模版1

Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 观点1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 观点2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 论据1.More importantly, 论据2.Most important of all, 论据3.In summary, 总结观点.I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 论据1.For another, 论据2.Last but not the least, 论据3.To conclude, 总结观点.As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 论据1。

Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 论据3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.或 From above, we can predict that 预测.1.对立观点式

A.有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么?

B.有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么?

C.我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

2.批驳观点式

A.一个错误观点。

B.我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

3.社会问题(现象)式

A.一个社会问题或者现象。

B.产生的原因

C.对社会和我们生活的影响

D.如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)

E.前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……

Internet and Our Life Internet is now one of the best forms of media, with its swiftness and interactivity.Internet is becoming the foundation of our modern society.With the assistance of Internet, more people can now communicate with one another more freely and quickly.Internet also serves to be a great source of wisdom and creation.It is already becoming the electronic library of the future, giving vent to creativity and ingenuity unparalleled（无比的；空前的）in human history.But Internet is a double-bladed sword.Its ability to distribute information and connect people around the world is often abused by us.Junk mail proliferates（迅速扩大）the Internet.Every year，many young people are deceived by their online friends.The damage we have suffered from Internet is also too severe to recover.Indeed，Internet access connects many of us to a world of information at the touch of a button.Internet is such an integral part of our life.In order to have Internet serve us human-beings well, we must not take its negative sides for granted.Web sites, especially the web sites available to the young children, must be strictly censored.It‘s time we took effective measures to minimize the side effects of Internet.Women, Second-class Citizens? Women won their independence years ago.After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world.But the hard-fought battle for recognition is by no means over.Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ―rights‖.Even in the very progressive places like Switzerland, women haven‘t been given the vote.Women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens.Women are said to be unreliable and irrational.They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions.They are not even capable of thinking clearly.In fact, women have succeeded in many jobs, as politicians doctors，university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists, etc..And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.In conclusion, women have proved repeatedly that they are equal and sometimes even superior to men in many fields.The women should not belong to a different species.Information in the Modern World

To be well-informed is very important in the modern world.Success or failure in many fields, very frequently, depends on whether the latest information is obtained, not on how much knowledge one has already acquired.This is why the current era is called ―Information Age‖.There are many ways to get the latest information to keep up with what is going on both at home and abroad.Newspaper reading is a very popular and convenient means.Newspaper articles usually cover almost all kinds of news: local news, regional news, national news, international news...Besides, TV programs also offer varied kinds of news---news of politics, finance, education, sports...But the most exciting means of obtaining information, I think, should be from computer network.Almost all kinds of the latest information are accessible there.To sum up, I would like to predict that information will play a more and more important part in the future.Without information, we would act like the blind and would find it extremely difficult to make a step forward.Education and Technology

Education and technology have a close relationship with each other, which becomes increasingly obvious in the modern society.As is known to us all, we live in the ‗information age‘ or ‗knowledge explosion age‘.The reason for this may be twofold: on the one hand, education is the base for technological advance.Without education, people are unlikely to acquire knowledge, which means that there would be no one applying technology.On the other hand, advanced technology impels（驱使）the development of education, because advanced technology invariably means more educational opportunities and more varied facilities for education.Hence, a greater number of people will be educated.In order to advance technology, we have to develop education as soon as possible.Otherwise, it would block the speed of development.Developing education has at least two advantages.For one thing, developing education can ensure technologic innovation continuously.Generally speaking, better-educated people, who get more knowledge, are supposed to be more initiative than those who get less education.For the other thing, developing education can guarantee the wide application of technology.With the rapid development of our national economy, technology penetrates（渗透）every aspect of our life so much so that one would fall into trouble if he learned insufficient knowledge of technology.For example, those who know little about computers will meet with difficulties both in their work and life.In order to carry out education effectively, we should try to take the advantage of technological facilities.The utility of technology can accelerate the development of education.It not only supplies more and more new applications and methods for research in education, but also improves the structure of education itself.In short, education and technology are the two inseparable parts of human development.They relate to each other closely and help to push each other forward.Science and Technology —— a Blessing or a Curse?

Science and technology have brought about tremendous changes in people‘s lives.Scientific research continues to explore the fields that people previously undreamed of.fifty years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers and space-scuttles.Now all these newly invented technologies are benefiting people all over the world.In a word, advanced science and technology has made man master of the globe.As is known to all, each coin has two sides.When we are enjoying the remarkable wonders which science and technology has brought us, we are suffering at the same time from a lot of troubles.For example, environmental pollution, noise, green-house effect and nuclear weapons are the things we did not need to bother about in the past.But these problems nowadays are not only making our life inconvenient, but even dangerous.In my opinion, humans are now relatively more powerful.So it is up to men to decide what we should do and what we shouldn‘t.It is our duty to make science and technology serve human beings better and better.In consequence, we are faced with a glorious task — to build a magnificent new civilization by means of advanced science and technology.Only then can we expect to make the development of science and technology a blessing rather than a curse.On Environmental Protection

Environmental protection is frequently talked about nowadays.The authorities are doing their best to arouse the public awareness of the vital importance of the environmental protection;and the news media, now and then, expose behaviors, which damage the environment.This issue is, indeed, worth following up.Environmental protection is closely related not only to our personal life, but also to the entire human race and the world‘s further development.For one thing, the environment, in a narrow sense, determines the quality of our individual life.The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, etc., all come directly from the environment.If they continue to be contaminated, we may have neither clean water, nor healthy food.For another thing, in a broader sense, the environment plays a decisive role in the fate of mankind.As is known to all, the earth, up to now, is human being‘s sole dwelling place.We can expect that someday we will live on another planet, but I doubt that this day will come earlier than the day when the earth becomes a globe of waste, if we keep damaging the environment.Finally, the environment is essential to the further development of the world.Extensive industrialization, which has brought about all the convenience and facilities we enjoy today, has been depending on the comprehensive exploitation of the earth‘s natural resources found in the environment.If we do not protect the environment properly, further development cannot be guaranteed.In a word, to protect the environment is an urgent task.Nevertheless, environmental protection is indeed a demanding task.Many people are still, either unconscious of the urgency of the task or deliberately damaging the environment for the interests of their own.Hence, we should adopt severe punitive measures to prohibit people from doing more harms to the environment.Meanwhile, we need to make the gravity of the present situation known to all.In other words, punishment and instruction should be equally emphasized.Only in this way can we look forward to a cleaner and greener world.E-learning and E-training

With the rapid development of technology and people‘s demand for education mounting, so-called e-learning, or on-line long distance education, has become very popular and important in China.In some areas, e-learning has played a role traditional classroom education cannot accomplish.Approximately 90 per cent of the world‘s new information is stored and retrieved in English.It is vital for China to use the Olympics as a catalyst to boost English acquisition to prepare itself or the digital revolution.To prepare for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, at least 6 million Chinese, including staff for the organizing committee, and in the service, retail, police, volunteer, technical and medical support sectors, reportedly need to improve their English language skills.E-learning breaks down the barriers of time and location, integrating education resources.When compared with traditional ways of teaching and learning, it is far more cost-effective for both the teachers and the students.Teacher-centered or Student-centered Class Today in China there exists side by side two different teaching patterns: A teacher-oriented class and a student-oriented class.And the differences between them are obvious.A teacher-oriented class is a typical traditional passive class.No doubt it is a natural product of the deep-rooted examination-oriented education.And there are several characteristics in this kind of class.To begin with, a teacher is the main actor on the stage and all the students are passive audience.Besides, he imparts knowledge to his students in the same way he pours water into a container, never bothering to ignite the sparks or enthusiasm in students.In contrast, a student-centered class is a kind of new active class, resulting from the quality-oriented education system.Naturally, it‘s a newcomer of the education reform.The main characteristic of this kind of class is that the teacher and students are all actors and all the students are actively involved in the classroom activities.Besides, the teacher always tries to instill a love of learning in students and stimulates their interest.As a result, students always find it a pleasure to sit in class, asking questions, discussing or even arguing with the teacher.It goes without saying that I prefer the active student-oriented class, not merely because it‘s fun, but because it can make my knowledge permanent.What‘s more important, it can develop my creative mind and learning ability.Exam-oriented or Quality-oriented At present there exists side by side two contradictory educational systems: the traditional exam-oriented system and the new quality-oriented one, which leads to a heated nationwide discussion as to which is preferable.The exam-oriented educational pattern is the inevitable result of the existing exam assessment system.In order to climb into the ‗ivory tower‘ or work for their degrees, students are cramming data and facts only for exams and forget all the information right after the exams.What‘s worse, when students become interested in testing techniques, they gradually lose their freedom and creativity.As a result, they always bury themselves in multiple choices and never attach importance to practical ability and originality.In contrast, the quality-oriented educational pattern stresses the creativity of students and their all-round development.Students are not expected to memorize information mechanically and passively as computers.Instead, they are encouraged to do some creative work actively and independently as the programmers of computers.In this pattern, what students aim at is no longer their academic performances, but their practical abilities.No doubt, what the new quality-oriented pattern aims to train and bring up are not merely learners successful in studies, but responsible citizens fit in health, rich in knowledge and competent in their work.Therefore, it‘s high time we reformed our existing exam assessment system and adopted the new one.Be a Graduate Student or Not According to the reform of our educational system, postgraduates will have to pay tuition to colleges or universities.This brings a dilemma to many undergraduates – to be a postgraduate or to get employed.The main reason for the dilemma is that, on the one hand, they know their parents can‘t afford the tuition, and they don‘t like to see their parents take on further financial burden for them.During the four-year undergraduate study, their parents have already paid a lot of money for their education and living.Especially the students whose parents are farmers or laid-off workers are more worried about this.But on the other hand, they want to pursue study further, to learn more knowledge and skills in order to make greater contribution to the society in the future.In my opinion, they should get out of the difficult situation and go on with their study as postgraduates.As far as the tuition is concerned, they can always find some ways to fund it.They can do some part-time jobs in their spare time, or loan some money from their relatives or friends or simply banks.They can also try to obtain some scholarship by studying hard and doing well in their research work.So don‘t hesitate, study hard and try to become a graduate student.The future will be more promising.English Teaching in China Some people say that English teaching in China is a total failure.After ten years of English learning, most graduates can‘t properly communicate with foreigners, nor can they translate between languages with confidence, let alone write in English.As far as college English teaching is concerned, there are three main reasons that help bring about the problem.To begin with, College English teaching is, to a great extent, teacher-centered, turning a language class into a lecture on grammar.It is still very common that the teacher explains every language point in detail, with students taking notes all the time.Secondly, culture is neglected in English teaching.Some outdated materials and a great deal of grammar exercises in the book mislead students to pay too much attention to separate words and grammatical rules.Finally, test-oriented education, in a sense, leads astray(迷途的)language teaching in China.For example, the nationwide College English Test is so over-emphasized in some colleges that teacher teach just for the sake of test, and students learn nothing other than testing techniques.As a result, students‘ language competence is weakened though the passing rate has increased.Therefore, in my opinion, English teaching in China should be reformed.The education should be oriented towards all-round development of personal qualities.And language abilities should be given priority in language teaching and learning.We Need to Learn How to Learn Influenced by the new marketing system, students have quite different opinions about the objective of their study.Some of them hold that a diploma is certainly something they are in college for.They believe that the diploma will enlarge the opportunities in their job-hunting.So their college life is almost focused completely on book learning.Others tend to challenge themselves to learn more than a diploma requires.They believe that it is most important to widen personal interests and develop various abilities while at college.For this purpose, they have every reason to pride themselves on excellent academic achievements in subjects they teach themselves beyond their majors.As a college student, I firmly believe that college is a place where we learn how to learn.We should take best advantage of the chance to broadly – math, history, and various other sciences, not merely for a diploma.On the other hand, it is also quite necessary that we take a wide interest in computer, foreign languages or other practical disciplines rather than just confine ourselves to textbooks, so that we could become versatile candidates in the future job markets.Only in this way can we keep up with the times.(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic

varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude

as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no

doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一

或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more

_______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive

aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To

begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same

time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we

must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this

problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving

problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am

concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say，____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also

in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as

follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance

to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an

increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use

to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

第二篇：BFT_全国出国培训备选人员外语考试必备学习

美式论文、报告写作技巧

编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：

(一)篇首：

封面(Title)序言(Preface)

谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)

目录(Tables and Appendixes)

(二)本文：

引言(Introduction)

主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section)、以及注释(Footnotes)

(三)参考资料：

参考书目(References or Bibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者：

一.研究的方向

二.研究的范围

三.资料搜集的范围

四.预期研究成果

通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。

就算是小报告，也至少应含

(一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期

(二)Summary： 即主要的结论

(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容

(四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。

(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论

(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项

美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。

论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。

浙江省领导干部班 浙江省政府出资

全国出国培训备选人员外语考试，英语名称为Business Foreign Language Test,简称BFT，于一九八五年设立，是由国家外国专家局主办的国家级标准化外语水平测试，是衡量出国培训人员外语水平的国家级标准。适用于我国政府、工商企业、财政金融等部门出国培训人员和已在或准备到国内外资企业工作的各类英语学习者及参加中、高级专业技术资格评定的各类专业技术员。目前已有十多万名考生参加了考试。随着我国改革开放的逐步深入，BFT考试从仅服务于国家计划培训工作，已发展为面向全社会的标准化外语水平测试。考试的目的是根据商务及技术工作的需要，从听、说、读、写四个方面对考生在商务、技术工作和一般生活环境下使用英语的基本能力进行全面考查。其特点是注重测评外语实际运用能力，而不仅仅是外语的一般知识。

一、考试的语种及分级

BFT考试分英语、日语、德语、俄语四个语种；初级（C级）、中级（B级）和高级（A级）三个级别。

二、考试的机构设置

国家外国专家局是中国政府主管国家智力引进的行政机构，主要负责在华外国专家的管理和中国专业技术人员、管理人员的出国培训工作。

BFT考试委员会是国家外专局下属的BFT考试领导机构，考试委员会委员由各有关部门及单位的领导和部分知名的专家学者组成。考试委员会下设英语、日语、德语、俄语四个专业委员会。BFT考试办公室设在国家外国专家局培训中心，是BFT考务办公室，负责考试试卷的印刷、发放、成绩登录、合格证填写等考务工作。

根据考试需要在全国范围内设立省、区、市BFT考试领导小组和考试培训中心。

三、考试办法

BFT英语考试每年进行两次，通常于每年的一月及七月举行；日语、德语、俄语每年进行一次，通常于七月举行。BFT考试办公室于每次考试之前的两个月向各有关部门和地方下达考试通知，并通过新闻媒介发布考试消息，考生可据此向设在各地的BFT考试中心就近报名参加考试。

考生可参加全部考试，也可根据考试目的选择相应测试科目。三个科目全部合格，根据成绩发给全国出国培训人员外语考试办公室负责印刷的相应BFT合格证。只参加某一科目考试的考生，成绩合格者可获得单科合格证。BFT高级合格证和高级单科证有效期为四年，中、初级合格证及中、初级单科合格证有效期为三年。

四、报名时间

每年组织两次考试，分别在当年一月和七月的第三个星期六举行。考试通知在报名日期前一个月颁发。除特殊情况另行通知外，两次考试报名日期分别截止于六月十日和十二月十日。各考点在报名日期截止后的一周内将报名情况报告办公室。

五、考试内容

考试包括听力、笔试、口试三部分。其中笔试包括阅读理解、书面表达（写作）等内容。考试在一天内完成。上午进行听力及笔试的测试，下午进行口试。

具体考试项目分为听力理解25%、阅读理解35%、书面表达15%、口头表达25%。

六、考试对象

（1）执行国家外国专家局批准派出项目的国家机关、工商企业、事业单位的出国培训备选人员以及拟从国家外国专家局渠道选派出国的培训人员。（2）根据国务院办公厅《关于派遣团组和人员赴国外培训的规定》（国引办字[1990]4号）及其《暂行实施细则》（国引办字[1990]59号），由各地区、各部门审批并报国家外国专家局审核、备案的国外培训项目的出国培训备选人员。（3）评定职称，需外语成绩的人员。

（4）已通过全国职称外语等级考试A级，希望取得BFT高级证书的人员。（5）参加中国人民银行金融专业英语证书考试（FECT）合格，希望取得BFT证书的人员。

（6）参加国家审计英语考试（AET）合格，希望取得BFT证书的人员。

（7）申请到荷兰社会科学院研究生院（ISS）学习、荷兰国际航空与地球科学研究院（ITC）学习，需要通过BFT高级考试的人员。

（8）根据外专发[1999]154号文件关于短期出国培训人员需要参加BFT初级考试的规定，从2002年开始，45岁（含45岁）以下短期出国培训人员都必须参加BFT初级考试。

（9）其他希望检测外语水平的人员。

七、证书认证

获得BFT高级合格证者，其个人资料将存入全国出国培训备选人员库，国家外国专家局在执行国家派遣的中、长期出国项目时，将从中优先挑选。根据人事部人办职[1994]3号文件《关于通过BFT考试的人员可免予专业技术外语考试的通知》的规定，BFT考试成绩可作为评定职称依据，并逐渐成为国家机关、其事业单位招工、招干的参考标准。同时BFT以其完善科学的测试体系已成为国有大中企业、外资、合资企业人力资源评测的重要手段。

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea.海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes.母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring.一年之计在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never.不怕慢，单怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature.习惯是后天养成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy.有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

26、Doing is better than saying.与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done.说得容易，做得难。

32、Easy come, easy go.来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

34、Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts.分秒必争。

37、Each coin has two sides.38、Fact speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

39、Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。

42、Honesty is the best policy.做人诚信为本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

45、Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。

47、No pain，no gain.（不劳无获。）

48、You never know till you have tried.不尝试，不知晓。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy

and wise.早

睡早起，使

52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set

人健康、富裕和聪颖。

54、Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）

56、Pride goes before a fall．（骄傲必败。）

Superstar and I It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors.However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart.He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin.When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around.What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music.Rome wasn’t built in one day.He achieved the great success through huge effort.I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and I Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder.She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart.Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me.The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it.She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up.She is like a sunshine that gives me hope.Where there is a will, there is a way.

第三篇：BFT考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)模拟2

BFT考试(全国出国培训备选人员外语水平考试)模拟2

Listening Part 1 Questions 1-8 ·You will hear two telephone conversations.·Write down one word or number in the numbered spaces on the forms below.CONVERSATION 1

Time for the man to arrive at the hotel:(1).Price of the room: $(2).Number of the unit: No.(3).On the(4)floor.CONVERSATION 2

For:(5)Blake.From:(6)Anderson.Tomorrow's(7)is cancelled.Helen's telephone number:(8).Part 2 Questions 9-13 ·You will hear a teaching instructor's words.·For questions 9-13, choose.from the list A-F the main ideas of the teaching instructor's words each time.·Use the letters only once.There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.Speaker 1: ______ 10.Speaker 2: ______ 11.Speaker 3: ______ 12.Speaker 4: ______ 13.Speaker 5: ______ A.final exam B.teaching problems in reading C.paying attention to one's teaching style D.canceling some classes E.stuff meeting F.students' attendance

Part 3 Questions 14-23·Look at the ten statements for this part.·You will hear a passage about “Who First Started to Smoke?”;you will listen to it twice，·Decide if you think each statement is right(R), wrong(W)or not mentioned(NM).14、People in Europe started smoking long ago.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

15、Tobacco is a native American plant, and it was Christopher Columbus who told European people about it.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

16、The American Indians used long tubes to bake tobacco before they smoked it.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

17、Aware of the commercial value of tobacco, the American lndians traded it for other goods.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

18、Jean Nicot's great interest in plants was due to his father's influence.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

19、When a man had a bad pain in his body, Nicot would give the person some tobacco leaves to eat, and then the pain would be gone.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

20、The word nicotine comes from the Frenchman Nicot's name.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

21、Nicot wrote a book on all his discoveries about tobacco.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

22、In Sir Walter Raleigh's days, not many people knew about smoking.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

23、Sir Walter Raleigh's death was due to smoking.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not Mentioned

Part 4 Questions 24-30·Look at the questions for this part.·You will hear a passage about “American Weighs In ”.You will listen to it twice.·For questions 24-30, indicate which of the alternatives A, B, or C is the most appropriate response.·Mark one letter A, B, or C on the Answer Sheet.24、American foods are ______.A.insufficient and expensive B.many and various C.neither delicious nor healthful

25、What is the percentage of adults aged 20 to 74 who were obese in the 1960s? A.33 percent B.24 percent C.35 percent

26、How many US adults aged 20 and older were overweight in 1988-94? A.65 million B.16 million C.20 million

27、Compared to the late 1970s, the percent of children aged 12 to 17 who were overweight in 1994 ______.A.decreased B.remained unchanged C.increased

28、What kind of market is sure to benefit from overweight people? A.The market for health care B.The market for food C.The market for weight-loss diets

29、What is believed to be able to prevent and mitigate numerous chronic ailments? A.High blood pressure B.A reasonable body weight C.Smoking

30、Koop once launched an assault on ______.A.chronic ailments B.obesity C.smoking

ReadingPart 1

·Read thefollowingpassage, eight sentences have been removed from the article.·Choose from the sentences A-H the one whichfits each gap.·For each gap(1-8)mark one letter(A-H)on the Answer Sheet.·Do not mark any letter twice.The single, decisive factor that made it possible for mankind to settle in permanent communities was agriculture.(1)Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable annual supple of it, their lives changed completely.Fanning was a revolutionary discovery.(2)With more food available, more people could be fed.Populations therefore increased.The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of more complex social structures.(3)Farming the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply.For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall.(4)Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons.All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of regional and climatic differences.(5)Heavier pottery replaced animal-skin gourds as containers for food and liquids.Cloth could be woven from wool and flax.Permanent structures made of wood, brick, and stone could be erected.The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture.People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and planets to calculate seasons.(6)With a calendar it was possible to calculate the arrival of each growing season.Measurement of land areas was necessary if property was to be a factor in farming and housekeeping.(7)All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China emerged in the 4th millennium BC.Historians still debate over which one emerged first.It may well have been the Middle East, in an area called the Fertile Crescent.This region stretches from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia.(8)This kind of larming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops.A.It not only made settlements possible and ultimately the building of cities but it also made available a reliable food supply.B.Later came measures of value as commodity and money exchange became common.C.In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture.D.After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in tribes or family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or herding their animals.E.As villages grew, the accumulation of more numerous and substantial goods became possible.F.With a food surplus, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers.G.The first great civilizations grow up along rivers.H.In doing so they created the first calendars.Part 2

Questions 9-18

·Read the following passage and answer questions 9-18.1.When Christopher Columbus landed on America's shores, he encountered copper-shinned people whom he promptly called “Indians”.Current estimates indicate that there were over a million Indians inhabiting North American then.There are approximately 800,000 Indians today, of whom about 250, 000 live on reservations.2.The early settlers had an amicable relationship with Indians, who shared their knowledge about hunting, fishing, and farming with their uninvited guests.The stereotyped stealthy, wicked Indian of western movies are created by different faithless white man;the Indian was born friendly.3.Disgust developed between the Indians and the settlers, whose encroachment on Indian lands provoked an era of turbulence.As early as 1745, Indian tribes joined together to drive the French off their land.The French and Indian war did not end until 1763.The Indian had succeeded in destroying most of the settlements.The British, superficially submissive to the Indiana, promised that further migrations west would not extend beyond a specified boundary.4.Vacated from their lands or, worse still, frankly giving their property to the whites for few baubles, Indians were ruthlessly pushed west.The battle in 1876 at Little Horn river in Montana, in which setting Bull and the Sioux tribes massacred General Custer's cavalry, caused the whites intensify their campaign against the Redman.The battle at Wound Knee, South Dakota, in 1890 put an end to the last vestige of hope for amity between Indians and whites.5.Although the Bureau of lndian affairs has operated since 1842, presumably for the purpose of guarding Indians “interests”, Indian on reservations lead notoriously deprived lives.In recent times Indians have taken a militant stand and appealed to the courts and the American people to improve their substandard living conditions.Questions 9-13

·For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from below.·For each numberedparagraph(1-5), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet.·Do not mark any letter twice.9.Paragraph 1: ______ A.Indians, once the master of America, now live in their reservation.10.Paragraph 2: ______ B.Indians were pushed away.11.Paragraph 3: ______ C.The wars between Indian and the settlers.12.Paragraph 4: ______ D.Indians arestill fighting for the improvement of their lives.13.Paragraph 5: ______ E.The relationship between Indians and the early settlers.F.Indians were ferocious savages.G.Indian's struggle for their own possessions.Questions 14-18

·Using the information in the text, complete each sentence 14-18 with a word or phrase from the list below.·For each sentence(14-18), mark one letter(A-G)on the Answer Sheet.·Do not mark any letter twice.14.The early settlers in American ______.15.The passage suggests that the war between French and Indians lasted ______.16.The kind of life Indians lead in their reservation is ______.17.The two measures that Indians had taken to improve their lives are ______.18.From the passage, we can infer that the author ______.A.sympathizes the American Indians B.eighteen years C.found the Indians very helpful D.taking a militant stand and appealing to the courts E.notoriously deprived F.ask the Indians to leave their lands G.force the Indians to leave Part 3

Questions 19-25

·Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25.·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D.·Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states, at least UN is getting people off welfare, lt's estimated that more than two million have left the roles since 1994.In the past four years, welfare in rolls in Athens country has been cut in half.But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour.The result: The Athens country poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent—twice the national average.For advocates for the poor, that's an indication that much more needs to be done.“More people are getting jobs, but it's not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the center in budget and policy priorities in Washington.Canter analysis of US census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a great percentage of single, fame-headed household were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.“Welfare was a poison.It was a toxin that was poisoning the family,” says Rector, a welfare reform is changing the moral climate in low-income communities.It's beginning to rebuild the work ethic, which is much more important.Mr.Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.19、It can be seen from the passage that the author ______.A.is over-enthusiastic about the success of welfare reform B.insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poor C.believes the reform has reduced the government's burden D.considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful

20、Why aren't people enjoying better lives when they have jobs? A.Because their wages are low.B.Because many families are divorced.C.Because the cost of living is rising.D.Because government aid is now rare.21、What is worth noting form the example of Athens country is that ______.A.60 percent of the population no longer relies on welfare B.70 percent of the people there have been employed for two years C.the living standards of most people are going down D.great efforts should be madeto improve people's living standards

22、From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at ______.A.providing more jobs B.saving welfare funds C.rebuilding the work ethic D.cutting government expenses

23、According to the passage, before the welfare reform was carried out, ______.A.the poor used to rely on government aid B.the poverty rate was lower C.the average worker was paid higher wages D.average living standards were higher

24、From the passage we can infer that before 1994 ______.A.most of the people depended on government B.most of the people took jobs C.we don't know as the passage didn't say D.most of the people live a richer life

25、About the welfare reform the author's attitude is ______.A.indifferent B.positive C.objective D.critical Part 4

Questions 26-45

·Read the following passage and decide which answer bestfits each space.·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.The “standard of living” of any country means the(26)person's share of the goods and services which the country produces.A country's standard of living, therefore depends(27)and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth.“Wealth” in this(28)is not money, for we do not live on money(29)on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as(30)and “entertainment”.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect(31)one another.Wealth depends(32)a great extent upon a country's natural resources.Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a(33)soil and a favorable climate;other regions(34)none of them.Next to natural resources(35)the ability to turn them to use.China is perhaps as well off as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from(36)and external wars, and for this and other reasons was incapable(37)her resources.Sound and(38)political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country(39)well served by nature but less well ordered.A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and(40)within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade.For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much(41)if she had to depend only on those grown at home.Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would(42)be lacking.A country's wealth is, therefore, much(43)by its manufacturing capacity,(44)that other countries can be found ready to(45)its manufactures.26、A.common B.average C.usual D.normal

27、A.first B.important C.main D.primary

28、A.way B.feeling C.sense D.occasion

29、A.except B.but C.neither D.besides

30、A.vehicles B.buses C.transport D.films

31、A.in B.about C.at D.on

32、A.upon B.33、A.festal B.fetid

34、A.pose B.possess C.posse D.posset

35、A.coming B.come

36、A.military B.international

37、A.to develop B.about developing

38、A.robust B.stable

39、A.less B.few

40、A.consumed B.assumed C.presumed D.resumed

41、A.little B.more

42、A.likely B.otherwise C.likewise D.alike

43、A.impressed B.effected C.influenced D.in C.fervent C.comes C.overseas C.of developing C.sturdy C.little C.less C.on D.to fertile D.come D.have civil D.for developing D.strong D.equally D.much D.infected

44、A.supposed B.given C.provided D.depended

45、A.receive B.accept C.sell D.produce

Writing46、Part 1

☆ You are to work with a U.S.company by a year.You have finally obtained your visa from the US Embassy in Beijing, and are ready to leave for Minneapolis, USA, where the company is headquartered.Read the following memo with information jotted down from your air-ticket: ☆ From Beijing to Minneapolis.☆ The American Northwest Airline.☆ NW745, Monday, November 27, 2002, Beijing time.☆ Arrive at 1:30 p.m.Nov.28, American time.·Write a letter-like email message(60-70 words)to Mr.Michael Jackson(E-mail address is CS3858@aol.com), Corporate Secretary of the company, asking for your pickup at the airport.47、Part 2 ·You are to make a speech at an international conference held next Friday at the Jinmao, Pudong, Shanghai.The conference chairman has just written to you requesting that you send a copy of your speech five work days ahead of the meeting.Write a cover letter to Ms.Jenny Evans, Secretary General of the sponsoring organization, in which you shall, in your own words, make it clear.“

☆ A copy of your speech is enclosed.☆ You need 150 printouts, and you'll pay when collecting them.☆ You want to be addressed by the title and position you have in the writer's section of this letter, and you hate to be called a ”reform master“.☆ You're available in your office till the end of one day before the speech day.☆ You will arrive on time for the conference.·Write a letter of 100-120 words to Ms.Jenny Evans

Oral Test48、Part 1: Self-introduction

·The interlocutor will ask you and your partner questions about yourselves.You may be asked about things like ”your hometown “, ”your interests “, ”your career plans ", etc.Part 2: Presentation ·The interlocutor gives you two photographs and asks you to talk about them for about one minute.The examiner then asks your partner a question about your photographs and your partner responds briefly.Then the interlocutor gives your partner two photographs.Your partner talks about these pictures for about one minute.This time the interlocutor asks you a question about your partner's photographs and you respond briefly.Part 3: Collaboration

·The interlocutor gives you and your partner a list of topics.Both of you need to choose one to discuss together.The interlocutor may join in the conversation and ask you questions, but you and your partner are expected to develop the conversation.Topic 1: Music in Modem Life Topic 2: Importance of Money Topic 3: An Extended Family or a Nuclear Family Topic 4: Taboos in China Topic 5: Differences between Life in a Big City and in the Country

答案:

Listening Part 1

1、evening [听力原文] 1-4 W: Good evening.M: Hello.Do you have any vacant rooms at your hotel? W: I believe there may be one.Did you make a reservation in advance? M: No, we didn't.W: Well, we just received word that one reservation has been cancelled, so you arrived at a good time.M: I suppose so.By the way, how much is the room? W: It's $30 with TV and an extra bedroom.We have a pool in back.M: That's good.We need extra room for our two beds.W: If it is OK, let's step into our office to register.M: Do you want the payment in advance ? W: That's our policy.I'm sure you understand.M: Of course.What's the number of the unit ? W: No.61, on the second floor, over on the right.Here's the key.M: Thank you.I'll park the car over there first.Then I'll come right over to register.W: Certainly, sir.2、303、61

4、second

5、Linda [听力原文] 5-8 R: Good morning.Jianguo Hotel.Can I help you? M: Good morning.Could you put me through to Linda Blake, please? R: Who's calling, please? M: Helen Anderson.R: Hold the line, please.I'm sorry, the number's engaged.Would you like to hold? M: No, could I leave a message? R: Yes, of course.M: Could you tell her that tomorrow's meeting is cancelled? R: Meeting is cancelled.OK.M: And could you ask her to give me a ring? R: Certainly.Does she have your number? M: It's 5326673.R: Fine.I'll make sure that she gets your message.6、Helen

7、meeting8、5326673 Part 2

9、D [听力原文] Please remind your students that regular classes have been cancelled because of the mid-term exams.You can however meet with them on Friday;by that time the exams will be over.Afternoon classes were also cancelled because we're giving the Listening Exam during that part of the day.10、F [听力原文] We would like to remind instructors that student attendance constitutes 10% of the final grade.Please keep informing your students also about this.Stress the fact that since they're language learners, it's important for them to come to class as frequently as possible.Otherwise we cannot be held responsible for any negative results of our teaching on them.Please take attendance every morning and don't hesitate to mark them absent in case they're still not in class by the time you've finished calling out their names.This way you don't waste time with the attendance ritual every morning.11、[听力原文] I'd like to just remind you that you are welcome to drop bymy office and have a look at the final exams that have been prepared.The exams will be given the week of Jan.5-9 as earlier planned.We will inform the listening instructors next week whether their exams will be given in their individual classrooms or in other rooms.12、B [听力原文] Apparently some of the reading teachers are not sufficiently explaining vocabulary and grammar matters to their students, and only read out the answers found in the answer keys of their textbooks.Students are obviously unhappy about this situation.My recommendation is that you attempt to make clear to the students how you are conducting your class, and what exactly it is that you're doing.Perhaps it would be helpful if you were to also frequently answer/discuss/explain the answers of the exercises you're specifically dealing with, and not just simply read the answer key to them.13、C [听力原文] I would like you to take these complaints seriously.Some of them are obviously severe than others, but they all merit our attendance.Please attempt to modify or change your teaching styles and habits if you feel the complaints concern you.Do not hesitate to drop by my office in case you would like to have any further information about the above mentioned student statements of discontent.Part 3

14、B [听力原文] 15-23

Who First Started to Smoke?

Long ago, no one in Europe smoked.The tobacco plant was unknown there.It grew in America and Christopher Columbus found it there.Later he returned to Europe and told people about tobacco.He said that the American Indians often smoked it.One way of smoking was like this.The American Indians threw some tobacco leaves on a fire.Then they put long tubes in their mouths.The other ends of the tubes were over the fire, so they were able to draw the smoke into their mouths.About the year 1560 a Frenchman, Jean Nicot, was living in Lisbon, Portugal.He was very interested in all American plants.Some of them were very different from the plants of Europe.He used the leaves of the tobacco plant to cure pain.When a man had a bad pain in a leg or an arm, Nicot put tobacco leaves on the painful place and tried to cure the pain in that way.We now say that tobacco contains nicotine.The word nicotine comes from this man's name.Sir Walter Raleigh was a famous man in the days of Queen Elizabeth theFirst.He traveled widely and learnt to smoke.Then he returned to England, but he didn't stop smoking.He used to smoke two pipes every day secretly in his room.When anyone came in, he quickly hid his pipe.A man came in and found clouds of smoke in his room.More smoke was coming from Raleigh's mouth, so the man got some water and threw it over Raleigh.He believed that Raleigh was burning, He ran out of the house and told everybody about it.After this, smoking was not a secret.Raleigh had a sad life and died in 1618.He died bravely and quietly.He smoked a pipe just before his death.15、A

16、B

17、C

18、C

19、B 20、A

21、C

22、A

23、C Part 4

24、B [听力原文] 24－30

America Weighs In

Americans enjoy the most abundant and varied diet in the world.Food is cheap, plentiful, and tasty.All those readily available nutrients should make us a strong, healthy people.But for an increasing share of U.S.adults, life in the land of plenty is making them plenty fat.The percent of adults aged 20 to 74 who are obese based on their body mass index increased from 24 percent in the 1960s to 33 percent in 1988-9t.By 1994, the share of all adults aged 20 and older who are overweight climbed further, to 35 percent.Applying that rate to the adult population yields a total of 65 million U.S.adults aged 20 or older who were overweight in 1988-94.We don't get to blame the aging population, either.Overweight has become more prevalent among all age groups, not just the elderly.Children and adolescents are following the example of their elders.The share of children aged 6 to 11 who are overweight increased from 11 percent in the late 1970s to 14 percent in 1994.For children aged 12 to 17, the share doubled to 12 percent in 1994.Overweight people create markets for large-sized clothing and weight-loss products and services.But Americans seem to be losing interest in weight-loss diets.One market that is certain to benefit from this trend is health care.The National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS)says that overweight and obese adults are at increased risk for numerous acute and chronic conditions, ranging from high blood pressure to diabetes to arthritis．

Most doctors believe that a wide range of chronic ai lments can be prevented or mitigated by maintaining easonable body weight．Former Surgeon General C．Everett Koop recently said that if he had stayed in office longer,“1 would have launched the same assault On obesity that I did on smoking．”

25、B

26、A

27、C

28、A

29、B 30、C Reading

1、[解析] 文章第1句提出，使人类定居下来的决定性因素是农业。句D介绍了农业的产生时间以及它对人们生活的影响，为读者提供了有关农业的更多信息，因此D为正确选项。

2、[解析] 第2段首句提到了耕种是一次革命性的发现。句A“它不仅使定居成为可能，最终形成城市，并且可以提供稳定的食物来源。”很显然“它”指的是农业，这句话讲述了农业的重大作用，是对第1句中革命性的解释说明——为何耕种被称为革命性的发现，因此A为正确选项。

3、[解析] 文章接着提到，随着食物供应的增多，人口也开始增长，不断增长的人口从事更多种类的工作，这就使得社会结构更复杂。句F提到，由于有盈余的食物，一个社会团体就可以供养不从事农业劳动的各种工人。出现不从事农业劳动的工人是社会结构复杂的具体体现，因此选F。

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5、[解析] 第4段开头提出，“工区和气候存在一些差异，所有的古代文明或许都以相同的方式发展”。后句又提到，“陶器代替了动物皮所制作的瓢，来盛装食物和液体，羊毛制成衣服，用木料、砖头造房子，这些都是人类古代文明的发展模式”，句E“随着村子在扩大，积累了大量的物品”这也是古代文明的共同发展模式之一，随着物品的增多，人们才需要制作容器去储藏液体，这与第3句紧密相连，所以选E。

6、[解析] 第5段开头提到了数学是在农业的基础上发展起来的，人们研究月亮、太阳以及行星的运动来计算季节。计算季节是与年历紧密相连的，因此“他们就这样创造了第1部年历”为正确选项，“in doing so”指前面人们研究月亮、太阳及行星运动的行为。

7、[解析] 为了分割财产，需要有丈量土地面积的办法，在耕种和储存时，需要有计算种子和谷物的方法。这都是农业对数学发展的促进作用。句B“随着商品和钱币交换的普及，出现了价值尺度”也是其中的一个方面，与前两个方面是平行的关系，其作用是相同的，都指明了农业对数学发展的作用。

8、[解析] 文章最后一段的后半部分提到一个被称为“Fertile Crescent”的地方及其所覆盖的区域。句C中的“this area”就是指这一地区，与前句的“this region”相照应。

9、[解析] 本段讲印第安人曾经是美洲的主人，现在却在他们的保留地上，因此答案为A。

10、[解析] 本段讲印第安人与早期的殖民者之间的关系，因此答案为E。

11、[解析] 本段讲印第安人与殖民者之间的战争，因此符案为C。

12、[解析] 本段讲印第安人被无情地从他们的土地上赶走，因此答案为B。

13、[解析] 本段讲印第安人还在为提高他们的生活条件努力，因此答案为D。

14、C[解析] 本段中指出早期殖民者与印第安人相处和睦。他们与殖民者分享打猎、捕鱼、种植等知识，所以在殖民者看来印第安人是很愿意帮助人的，因此答案为C。

15、B[解析] 本段第3句中指出印第安人和法国人的战争于1745年开始，一直持续到1763年还没有结束，所以他们之间的战争持续了18年之久，因此答案为B。

16、E[解析] 信息参照最后一段：“Indian on reservations lead notoriously deprived lives．”，答案为E。

17、D[解析] 本段最后一句指出，目前印第安人正在通过两种方式改善他们的生活条件：“taken militant stand”和“appeal to the coups”，因此答案为D。

18、[解析] 从文章开始讲述印第安人的友好到他们与殖民者的战争，以及最后对他们的悲惨生活，作者一直都持有同情的态度，因此答案为A。

19、D [解析] 本题是主旨题。通观全文，可知作者要说明的是：社会福利改革使人们摆脱了对福利的依赖，过上了自立的生活，并改变了人们工作的道德观念。这一切都印证了作者在本文开头表明的观点。由此可见，正确符案为D。20、A [解析] 本题是推理题。根据第2段第2句和第3句就不难推断出，工作的人不能过上更好的日子的原因是他们工资太低。

21、D [解析] 本题是细节题。根据文章第3段：“For advocates for the poor，that’s an indication that much more needs to be done．”可知Athens country的贫因现象提示人们需要进一步努力以改善当地人们的生活水平。

22、C [解析] 本题是细节题。根据文章倒数第2段第2句可知此次社会福利改革的目标是改变人们工作的道德观，以使更多的人自觉自愿地自食其力，故C为正确答案。

23、A [解析] 本题是推理题。文章最后一段中的“the habit of dependency is cracked”，以及第1段中的“at least UN getting people off welfare”等语句可知，在福利改革政策实施之前，穷人一般是靠政府资助生活的。

24、A [解析] 本题是推理题。可参见第1段最后1句“It’s estimated that more than two million have left the roles since 1994.”

25、B [解析] 本题是理解题。通观全文，不难看出作者对福利改革的态度是积极的。

26、B [解析] [考点] 词义辨析

[分析] 本句意为：“一个国家的生活水平意味着该国人民______享受的产品和服务份额”。4个选项的意思分别是：A．common“普通的，共同的”；B．average“平均的”；C．ussual“通常的”；D．normal“正常的”。只有选项B．average符合题意。

27、A [解析] [考点]习惯搭配 [分析] 词组first and foremost意为“首要的”，本句表示“因而一个国家的生活标准主要取决于该国生产财富的能力”。又如：He does a bit of writing．but first and foremost he's a teacher.(他也写一些文章，但他主要是个教师。)

28、C [解析] [考点] 词义辨析 本句4个选项的意思分别是：A．(in this)way“在这一方面”；B．feeling“感觉”；C．sense“意义，感官”；D．occasion习惯上与介词on相搭配(on this occasionl，意为“在这一场合”。该句意为“财富在这一意义上不是指货币”，选项C．sense既符合题意又符合语法要求。

29、B [解析] [考点] 固定结构

[分析] 固定结构not„but意为“不是„„而是”。本句是解释这里财富为什么不是指货币，即“我们并不以钱为生，而是靠钱能购买的产晶与服务生活”，因此选项B．but正确。30、C [解析] [考点] 上下文推理

[分析] 根据本句中信息词entertainment(娱乐节目，招待)，可以判断选项C．transport“交通”正确，作者在此以二者为例，说明什么是setvice(服务)。选项A．vehicles“车辆”(交通工具中一种)；选项B．buses“公共汽车”(交通工具其中一种)；选项D．films“电影”(娱乐节目中一种)均因不符合逻辑要求而被排除。

31、D [解析] [考点]习惯搭配 [分析] 固定词组have an effecton意为“对„„有影响”，因此选项D．on正确。

32、D [解析] [考点]习惯搭配

[分析] 固定词组to„extent意为“达到„„程度”。本句是指“财富在极大程度上依靠一个国家的自然资源”，因此选项D．to正确。又如：The film had quite an effect onher(这影片对她的影响很大。)

33、C [解析] [考点] 形近词辨析

[分析] 本句4个选项的意思分别是：A．festal“节目的，欢乐的”；B．fervent“热情的”；C．fertile“富饶的”；D．fetid“臭恶的”。该句是指“肥沃的土壤”，只有选项C．fertile符合题意。

34、B [解析] [考点] 形近词辨析

[分析] 本句4个选项的意思分别是：A．pose“摆好姿势，引起，提出”；B．possess“具有，持有”；C．posse“地方武装团队”；D．posset“牛奶酒”。该句是指“其他地区不具备其中的任何一项”，只有选项B．possess符合题意。

35、B [解析] [考点] 倒装

[分析] 本句因状语提前而主谓倒装，主语是ability(能力)，因此选项B．comes正确，该句继上文讲述影响生产水平的因素，即“继自然资源的多寡之后就是利用他们的能力”。

36、C [解析] [考点] 上下文推理

[分析] 本句4个选项中只有选项C．civil“国内的”与external“外部的”搭配符合逻辑，因此该选项正确。其他3个选项意思分别是：A．military“军事的”；B．overseas“海外的”；D．international“国际的”，均不符合逻辑要求而被排除。

37、B [解析] [考点]习惯搭配 [分析] 词组be capable of(doing)sth．意为“能够做„„”，因此选项B．of developing正确，本句意为“由于某种原因，中国不能开发自己的资源”。又如：He is capable of running a mile in four minutes．(他能用4分钟跑完1英里。)

38、D [解析] [考点] 词义辨析

[分析] 本句4个选项的意思分别是：A．robust“健康，有活力的”；B．sturdy“健康的，牢固的”；C．strong“强壮的，有力的”；D．stable“稳定的”。该句指的是“可靠稳定的政治局势”，只有选项D．stable符合题意。

39、C [解析] [考点] 上下文推理

[分析] 通过上下文可推断本句指的是“比其他有同样优越的自然条件而政局稳定性筹些的国家，要创造更大的财富”，因此选项C．equally“同样地，平等地”符合逻辑要求。40、A [解析] [考点] 形近词辨析

[分析] 本句意为“一个国家的生活水平不仅仅取决于其国内生产和______的财富，也取决于通过对外贸易间接产生的财寓”。4个选项的意思分别是：A．consumed“消费”；B．assumed“假设”；C．presumed“假设，冒昧做”；D．resumed“开始做，重新得到”。只有选项A．consumed符合题意。

41、B [解析] [考点] 固定结构，上下文推理

[分析] 固定结构“much+adj．/adv．比较级”，表示“„„得多”，因此选项A．little、C．much可以被排除。根据上下文可判断句意为“如果英国只依赖本国的食物及农产品的话，它这方面带来的财富将会少得多”，选项B．less既符合语法要求又符合逻辑要求。

42、B [解析] [考点] 逻辑关系

[分析] 本句意为“国际贸易使英国能够用其富余的产品换来否则会匮乏的农产品”，选项B．otherwise“否则，要不然”符合逻辑要求。选项A．likely“可能”；C．likewise“同样地”；D．alike“相同的”均不符合逻辑要求，故排除。

43、C [解析] [考点] 词义辨析

[分析] 本句意为“因而一个国家的财寓受到该国生产力的很大______”。4个选项的意思分别是：A．impressed“给予深刻的印象”；B．effected“产生„„的影响，导致了„„”，如：The storm effected a flood in this area．(这场暴雨给这个地区造成了洪水。)；C．influenced“影响，对„„起作用，左右，支配”，如：It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso．(她的画显然受到Picasso的影响。)：D．infected“感染，传染”。只有选项C．influenced符合题意。

44、C [解析] [考点] 逻辑关系

[分析] 本句意为“一个国家的财富在很大程度上受其生产能力的影响______能有其他国家愿意„„其产品”，该处缺少连词，因此只有选项C．provided“只要，假如”是正确答案。又如：I will agree to go provided(that)my expenses are paid．(假如为我担负费用，我就同意去。)

45、B [解析] [考点] 上下文推理

[分析] 本句承接上一句，充当该句的条件从句。根据上下文可以推出，B．accept“接受”符合逻辑要求，代入句中该句意为“只要能有其他国家愿意接受其产品”。

Writing46、47、Oral Test48、Topic 3：An Extended Family or a Nuclear Family

—Do you know now there are mainly two types of families around US? —Yes．They are extended families and nuclear families．

—What do they mean respectively? —Well...Extended family refers to those with not only parents and children，but also grandparents or even other relatives living together．Nuclear family refers to those with only parents and children，and sometimes only husband and wife．

—Ah„That sounds interesting．I know nowadays there’re not so many extended families as before since most young people are living in a city other than their original hometown where their parents are living．

—That’s true．In this way young couples will have more time and space for their own movement and could arrange time based on their own living schedules．

—But don’t you think there will also be some problems for both young couples and their aged parents? —Maybe there’re some problems，but a nuclear family is still a better choice for modern families I think．

—I don’t think SO．Maybe I’m a little traditional．but it will do good to both aged parents and working couples to live together，especially for those with children．You know, parents could help with most of the heavy and time—consuming housework．Since the aged have almost completely retired and have enough time for this, housework will not become a burden for them.At the same time, adequate house chores could be a good form of exercise for old people.And young couples could have more relaxing time.—If housework could become good exercises for the aged, so could it for young people.Nowadays young couples mostly don't have enough room available for their parents.And they live with the parents, and they must take some extra care for their parents every day, which will destroy the advantages of living together.—But don't you think that care and communication would build up the affections between the two generations or three generations? —Not at all.I think just the contrary: it will destroy the relationships among them.I have heard much about the conflicts between two generations if they live together, especially between the two mother-in-laws.And those conflicts sometimes spread to the relationship between grandchildren and their grandparents.—That will not necessarily become a result of extended family.If both generations could develop healthy attitudes towards their relationships, without being influenced by current conflicting situations, they could get along quite well with each other after all.—Extended family is not the best or better way to get along well with another generation.Adult children could show their care for parents in other ways too.For example, by visiting them more often, by offering financial support to them and so on.—But that will not solve the problem at all.You know sometimes what aged parents want is far more than just money or visits from their children;they also need to feel their children around and communicate with grandchildren, which will be their greatest joy.—That's the traditional idea.Today's senior people have their new ways to enjoy life, going to training classes, doing volunteer works, joining in various associations...Topic 5: Differences Between Life in a Big City and in the Country

—More and more people are pouring in the city for the sake of more opportunities or more money.That's not a good thing actually.—Why do you say so? —Because we all know that life in the city is not so healthy at all.If I have the chance to live in the country, I will be quite glad to.—So you are tired of living in the city where you could enjoy all the conveniences at hand? —Probably.Living in the city might have some advantages over country life, but country life also has edges which city life could never even dream of, not to mention catching up with it.—I often hear people say that in some countries an increasing number of people are buying houses in the suburbs and drive to work every day, just to enjoy the fresh air, spacious room and quiet surroundings or even songs from birds.—These people are really wise, I think.But they must have a car first.Compared with life in the city, country life is more healthful.—But city life has something so attractive that you could hardly make the decision to leave it, for example, the eye-catching skyscrapers, many places for entertainment.—All those advantages are not a problem at all if people have determined to get rid of the disadvantages that have much stronger effect on them.—Are you saying that people could easily be rid of so many conveniences that they have been enjoying for so long and hoping to enjoy for a lifetime? Some people even have never imagined life without them!—I don't mean that's easy.The fact is those advantages are no more than people's addiction.Just like smoking, if we could live without them for quite some time, we will get used to the new life-style and enjoy it more without distractions from the outside world.—That's interesting.But I still doubt how many people are willing to sacrifice a modern lifestyle for one in the countryside.Anyway it is difficult for me.—Well, it's up to you and up to other people's own choice too.There will be those who are quite willing to change their habits just for a higher quality of life.