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关于精神的力量的作文作文网

相关作文 精神的食粮 精神病院(笑话)精神决定一切

精神,灵魂,爱情——读《简爱》„ 精神与团结的结合 精神和身体双保健 精神荒原 精神力量 精神之钙 精神 精神

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精神的力量生命的启示作文 600字

我是一个爱好读书的人,看过的书不下百本,但都是浮光掠影,真正印象深刻的却只有《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这一本。

《钢铁是怎样炼成的》写的是主人公保尔*柯察金从幼年到成年、从顽皮到成熟的过程。保尔从小就具有反抗精神,不畏强暴,果敢顽强,对自己立志要做的事义无反顾。十二岁那年就因为不满神父的凶恶行为,报复了神父;同时,辍学后在车站食堂工作的他又因为和同事男孩发生冲突,差点让拳头冲到那家伙的脸上。这些性格就注定了他此生的不平凡。当水兵朱赫来来到他家的时候,保尔的生活就从此走向了光明。这位布尔什维克同志悉心地教导保尔,告诉他打架并不是什么坏事,关键是得知道该打谁和为什么打。在朱赫来的影响下,保尔加入了共产党,成了一个布尔什维克。他也变得更有纪律性了。在与反革命派的斗争中,保尔的腿先中了一颗子弹,然而这对他来说,只是一件小事。后来他头部钻入了炽热的炮弹片,这下可差点要了他的小命,而且还赔掉了一只眼睛,但是他仍然没有放弃斗争。即使瘫痪在床也还拿起笔来写了一部关于科托夫斯基的英勇骑兵师的中篇小说:《暴风雨所诞生的》。

这位有着传奇经历的英雄在困难面前从不低头,反对压迫,反对倚强凌弱,反对官僚主义,见义勇为,不怕艰苦,忠于职守,这么多优秀的品格铸就了这位不屈的英雄。

光阴荏苒,时过境迁,虽然保尔所处的那个烽火年代已过去了近一个世纪,但是他的精神仍然被一代一代地传承。

精神的力量作文 800字

奥斯特洛夫斯基的长篇小说《钢铁是怎样炼成的》是一部很有教育意义的作品。每次阅读都有很多感受。

书中的主人公保尔.柯察金是我心目中的英雄。他经历过战火的洗礼、工地上的磨难和病床上的痛苦等种种考验,然而他以顽强的意志和惊人的毅力战胜了重重困难,为自己的理想奋斗、献身,最终把自己铸造成一块“钢铁”。

是什么力量支配着保尔?是顽强不息的精神和坚定不移的信念。不经历风雨怎么见彩虹,不经历磨难怎么的硕果?保尔的精神社会值得我们学习的。它有着非常重要的现实意义。

不信你看,保尔精神在很多地方发挥着重要作用呢。

2008北京奥运会圆满结束,中国人的金牌数、奖牌数在世界上遥遥领先。中国体操运动员杨威获得个人体操全能的金牌。中国男乒女乒包揽了所有乒乓球比赛的金牌。当他们挂着金牌手捧鲜花骄傲地站在最高领奖台上的时候,我们看到了他们的激动、喜悦。可是你知道他们背后付出了多少的辛苦和汗水么?台上十分种台下十年功,运动员们在平时的训练中忍受着常人难以想象的艰辛,手磨破了包起来继续训练,受伤了咬牙强忍着„„他们的成功是用汗水换来的,他们也像保尔一样把自己铸造成了“钢铁”!

做任何事情都需要顽强的毅力,航天事业是一个技术含量非常高的项目,耗费精力、耗费心血。然而另人高兴的是就在前不久,我国成功地把“神州七号”载人航天飞船送上太空,它带着中国人的梦想朝太空驶去,宇航员崔志刚现了中国首次太空行走。没有工作人员夜以继日的努力、没有宇航员们的艰苦训练,哪有今天的成功?我们又一次找到了保尔精神的影子!

保尔在战火纷飞的年代都能以坚强的意志活下来经历苦难的洗礼,我们生活在和平年代的小伙子呢?我们的生活条件优越了,可我们承受苦难的能力降低了,连学习上遇到的小小困难都选择退缩,怎么担当起祖国的未来?希望同学们在今后的学习中生活中如果因为遇到困难而灰心,就用保尔的精神鼓励自己,奋发向上。

保尔精神,一种值得学习值得借鉴的精神,让它成为青少年永恒的人生精神坐标!

精神的力量作文 1300字

精神的力量

“不管我活着还是我死了,我都是一只牛虻,快乐的飞来飞去。”这是《牛虻》中的一句话,却让我很感动。因为这句话道出了一个伟大革命先驱者永不泯灭的精神,坚强和执着。

牛虻死了,在敌人的刀枪下,我们这位不同寻常的朋友永远的离我们远去去了。它被意大利的军事法庭给害了„不!是蒙太尼里,是他害死了牛虻!是他害死了这位伟大的牛虻!是他使我们这位伟大的革命先驱者永远的安睡于他为之奋斗的土地上。

虽然蒙太尼里欺骗过他,虽然他不得不面对残酷的现实独自体验„但它仍然“忠贞不渝地爱他的父亲,为了爱而死,就像青年意大利的誓言:‘为了上帝和人民,忠贞不渝’”。

不!牛虻还活着,他的精神和意志一直飘荡在他奋斗过的土地上方。在宇宙的每个角落都会有这样的人存在。牛虻精神是人类精神的象征。无论在牛虻那个战乱的年代,还是如今这和平的时代,牛虻的执着、坚强,顽强的毅力和面对敌人视死如归的精神都是值得我们学习和发扬的。

从鸦片战争到现在,中国经历许多挫折与磨难,克服一个又一个困难,培养出一代又一代像牛虻那样的伟大爱国人士。

鸦片战争时期的林则徐,被人们称为“近代开眼看世界的第一人”,主动学习西方先进思想。为了中国千千万万深受鸦片毒害的人民,为了证明中国不是“东亚病夫”,断绝英国人的鸦片在中国的市场,他在虎门毅然举起火把,点下火苗。伴随着滚滚黑烟的散去,露出的是一颗对祖国的赤子之心。鲁迅是新文化运动的代表人物,用一只笔与封建社会做着斗争,他用犀利的语言和嘲讽的口吻斥骂着封建万恶黑社会,怀着爱国之心,凭着不屈的精神,呐喊着唤醒人民推翻封建君主专制制度。

历史的长河中,我们可以看到为祖国奋斗而培养出的精神:长征精神,载人航天精神,抗震救灾精神,奥运精神等等。正是这些精神,保卫了我们这片辽阔的土地,保护了我们的同胞,保护了我们民族的尊严。

祖国这片辽阔的土地,像一只摇篮,孕育了许多贤人义士。汉武大帝长鞭一甩,千里江山终归一统,唐高宋祖振臂一呼,万里川泽归天下心。曾记否,那位“仰天大笑出门去,我辈岂是蓬蒿人”的“谪仙人”用五花马,千金裘,换来“与尔同销万古愁”之美酒百杯;汨罗江畔的抑郁沉唱,期待“圣君明相”的重拾之意;秋季,硕菊盛开,那位“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,的隐士;入夜,那位“姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船”的秀才„

他们的才能因生活在祖国这片土地而能尽情的释放,他们的情怀和感叹因祖国养育了他们而能流传千古。祖国因为他们而变得更有生机和活力,精神因他们而凝聚,土地因他们而变得无坚不摧。

我们虽然是学生,不必为中国抛头颅洒热血,也没有伟大诗人们的优秀才能和饱受世间磨难的经历而挥笔写下自己的壮志豪言和深思感叹,但我们要为“中华崛起而读书”。在学习中学习牛虻的精神,在生活中时刻感受长征的辛苦,在工作中领悟航天英雄们的执着。遇到困难时,想想那些为了活下去,用顽强毅力与死亡斗争的四川同胞们,在获得成功时,不忘要“更快、更高、更强”。任何成功都不是随随便便能得到的,她只会垂青与那些“不撞南墙不回头”的人。当别人问你如何成功的,你可以自豪的对他说: “这一切都源于精神的力量!”

精神的力量作文 400字

要是你在外面迷了路

可千万别慌张

书的王国

可以把你从困境中救出

会帮你辨认你想走的路

学习是忠实的向导

它在你看不见的地方

给你指点方向

有时候它在你的面前

有时候它在你的背后

让你抓着它

书籍是盏指路灯

它永远高挂在你的头顶

要是你能找到它

就不会在世界乱闯

要是你在外面迷了路

可千万别慌张

大自然有许多指路灯

需要仔细观察

多多思考

你的世界才会有方向

二年级:最爱mercy-季琮珊

雷锋精神的力量作文 1300字

雷锋精神的力量

——雷锋,一个平凡而又响亮的名字。雷锋,是我从老师和书本以及父辈那里知道的。而我所认识的雷锋,只是从课文中学习来的,记得有篇课文叫《雷锋叔叔你在哪里》讲的就是雷锋叔叔做的一点一滴的发生在身边的小事,不留名的好事。对于我来说,雷锋叔叔是一种默默无闻为大家奉献的精神。

3月5日这天,是雷锋日,我在学校和小区都能强烈的感受到雷锋精神的春风,在宣传栏里,我看到了许多雷锋叔叔的老照片和画像,那一张张满含笑容的的脸看起来就是做完好事后满足的幸福!其实雷锋叔叔出生在湖南省望城县简家塘村的一个贫苦农民的家庭里。不满

七岁时就成了孤儿。一九五九年十二月初雷锋叔叔迫切要求参加中国人民解放军一九六零年一月八日,雷锋叔叔领到了入伍通知书,真正

的成为了一名光荣的解放军战士。在部队里雷锋叔叔性格开朗,平时很活跃,教唱歌,办墙报,说快板样样都行呢!因为雷锋叔叔是汽车兵,整天驾驶汽车东奔西跑,很难抽出时间学习,他就把书装在挎包里,随身带在身边,只要车一停,没有其他工作,就坐在驾驶室里看书.最可贵 的是雷锋叔叔能每天坚持写日记。把身边的事情和每天做的事情写下来。

记得有篇文章说雷锋叔叔是孩子们的知心人。一九六零年十月以后,雷锋先后担任了抚顺市建设街小学(就是现在的雷锋小学)和本溪路

小学校外辅导员。雷锋平时工作.学习都很忙,他只能利用午休时间或风雨天不能出车的日子请假到学校去找教师,和同学谈心,或进行其

他辅导活动。他善于团结小朋友,启发他们好好学习,天天向上。我看了很多雷锋叔叔做好事文章,最能感动我的是五月的一天,雷锋冒雨要

去沈阳,他为了赶早车,早晨5点多就起来,带了几个馒头就披上雨衣上路了,路上,看见一位妇女背着一个小孩,手还领着一个小女孩也

正艰难地向车站走去。雷锋脱下身上的雨衣披在大嫂身上,又抱起小女孩陪他们一起来到车站,上车后,雷锋见小女孩冷得发颤,又把自己

的贴身线衣脱下来给她穿上,雷锋估计她早上也没吃饭,就把自己带的馒头给她们吃。火车到了沈阳,天还在下雨,雷锋又一直把她们送到家。

这一个个感动人心的小事,让我想到了那本《雷锋日记》,说真的这本书妈妈给我买回来我根本就没好好的静下心来看,比如:骄傲的人,其实

是无知的人。这句话开始我不太理解,可是现在我渐渐能明白了,还有很多名言,我也在慢慢学习慢慢理解。

由此我认为,雷锋精神就是一种力量,虽然年代在不停的变迁,但雷锋叔叔始终活在人民的心里。

“人的生命是有限的,可是,为人民服务是无限的,我要把有限的生命,投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。”————雷锋!

精神的力量——读《海燕》有感作文 900字

轻轻合上书,我心潮澎湃,似乎有一股无形的力量就要喷发出来。

这读完后使我久久不能平静的文章便是高尔基的《海燕》。

文章中海燕在暴风雨来临之前,勇敢而又欢乐的翱翔在大海上,让人不由得十分敬佩。敬佩他的自信,敬佩他的勇敢,更敬佩他对待困难时的态度和毫不退缩的气概!

读完这篇文章,有一个问题一直盘旋在我的脑中:高尔基写这篇文章单单只为了突出海燕这个形象吗?回答肯定不是仅仅如此。于是我想到了我们的祖国——中华人民共和国!中华人民共和国的成立,中华人民共和国的发展,是靠谁?答案只有一个,那就是向海燕一样有着顽强拼搏精神的老一辈无产阶级革命者以及正带着全中国走向世界的共产党领导人!

海燕,我要向你学习,学习你顽强拼搏的大无畏的英勇气概!现代社会中,人与人的竞争不仅仅是知识能力的竞争,更重要的是要有“海燕精神”,否则你有再多的才能,不去践行,只能放在肚子里烂掉而已,得到的只有一事无成。

我们有太多责任。但最为重要的是要挑起间是祖国的重担!我要以老一辈的无产阶级革命者为榜样。是他们保卫了祖国,是他们打下了九百六十万平方公里的江山,更是他们为我们创造了今天这样安定幸福的生活。我们应该感谢他们,因为他们身上有着太多可贵的精神,他们永无生的语言影响着一代又一代人,指导人们走上光明的道路。或许路上满是荆棘,刺得你遍体鳞伤,可老一辈革命者的精神却一遍又一遍的告诫着你:勇往之前吧,成功总是属于爱拼搏、有毅力的人!的确,没有一条路是畅通无阻的,更没有成功是可以不劳而获的。

老一辈革命者留给我们的“海燕精神”,是一笔无穷无尽的宝贵财富,而作为这种精神的继承者,我们有义务将它传承下去,并且还要告诉人们:这就是我们引以为傲的“海燕精神”!

我们中华民族的精神里有“海燕精神”,每一个共产党人的骨子里流淌着“海燕精神”。如果说,高尔基的“海燕精神”只是一个空想,那么中国人就是他的践行者和传承者,中华民族便是把幻想变为现实的民族!

第二篇:英语作文网mydream英语作文

写写帮文秘助手(www.xiexiebang.com)之英语作文网 my dream

英语作文范文

my dream future

i decided to be a middle teacher after college.there are many reasons contribute to this decision.firstly, when i was a little girl, i have been dreaming of being a teacher.it seemed so fascinate to me and i hope i can make my dream come true.and, i like so much to be with middle school students.most of the students at that age are full of youthful spirity and i am sure their passion would pass to me.i will retain all the zest of adolescence.the most important reason is that our country needs plenty of teachers.so far, teaching is considered a tough and low-income job in china.however, if we have not enough teachers, our future will lack of excellent scientist, managers, businessmen, soldiers and even goood workers and farmers.how can our country to be strong and wealthy?i wish my country to be a better one.i am ready to be a teacher and hope all the persons with lofty ideals may dedicate themselves to this meaningful career.i hope my dream future will come ture!

第三篇:精神力量——名人事迹

精神力量——名人事迹

爱篇一:

一、李时珍与《本草纲目》

李时珍,明朝人,是一位伟大的医学家和药物学家。李时珍家世代行医,他的父亲医术很高,给病人看病常常不收诊费,就是不愿意让自己的儿子再当医生:因为那时候行医是让人看不起的职业。李时珍可不这样想,他暗自下定决心,要向父亲那样为病人治病。

李时珍22岁开始给人看病,一面行医,一面研究药物。他发现很多旧的药物书有不少缺点,于是下定决心重新编写一部完善的药物书。为了写这部药物书,李时珍不但在治病的时候注意积累经验,还亲自到各地去采药。他不怕山高路远,不怕严寒酷暑,走遍了盛产药材的名山。他有时好几天不下山,饿了吃些干粮,天黑了就在山上过夜。他走了上万里路,拜访了千百个医生、老农、渔民和猎人,向他们学到了许多书本上没有的知识。他还亲口品尝了许多药材,判断药性和药效。

他回到老家,花了整整27年的时间,终于编写成了一部新的药物书,就是著名的《本草纲目》,这部书有一百多万字,记载了一千八百多种药物,每一种都有图,是中药书籍中一部伟大的著作,已经被译成几国文字,在全世界流传。

二.身残志坚张海迪

张海迪 5 岁时因患脊髓血管瘤,高位截瘫,她因此没有进过学校,童年时就开始以顽强的毅力自学知识,她先后自学了小学、中学、大学的专业课程。张海迪 15 岁时随父母下放聊城莘县一个贫穷的小山村,但她没有惧怕艰苦的生活,而是以乐观向上的精神奉献自己的青春。在那里给村里小学的孩子们教书,并且克服种种困难学习医学知识,热心地为乡亲们针灸治病,在莘县期间,她无偿地为人们治病一万多人次,受到人们的热情赞誉。

张海迪身残志坚,抱着“是颗流星,就要把光留给人间”的坚定信念,忍着常人难以想象的苦痛,自学了英,德,日语。还翻译了十三万字的英文小说,写了大量的文学作品,作出了令世人瞩目的成绩。

三、炸药之父———诺贝 尔

诺贝尔的父亲是一位颇有才干的发明家,倾心于化学研究,尤其喜欢研究炸药。受父亲的影响,诺贝尔从小就表现出顽强勇敢的性格,他经常和父亲一起去实验炸药。多年随父亲研究炸药的经历,也使他的兴趣很快转到应用化学方面。

1862年夏天,他开始了对硝化甘油的研究。这是一个充满危险和牺牲的艰苦历程。死亡时刻都在陪伴着他。在一次进行炸药实验时发生了爆炸事件,实验室被炸的无影无踪,5个助手全部牺牲,连他最小的弟弟也未能幸免。这次惊人的爆炸事故,使诺贝尔的父亲受到了十分沉重的打击,没有多久就去世了。他的邻居们出于恐惧,也纷纷向政府控告诺贝尔,此后,政府不准诺贝尔在市内进行实验。

但是诺贝尔百折不挠,他把实验室搬到市郊湖中的一艘船上继续实验。经过长期的研究,他终于发现了一种非常容易引起爆炸的物质--雷酸汞,他用雷酸汞做成炸药的引爆物,成功地解决了炸药的引爆问题,这就是雷管的发明。当他满脸鲜血从爆炸成功的硝烟钻出时,却兴奋的大叫“我成功了”

诺贝尔一生的发明极多,获得的专利就有255种,其中仅炸药就达129种,就在生命的垂危之际,他仍念念不忘对新型炸药的研究

四、居里夫人的故事

几十年前,波兰有个叫玛妮雅的小姑娘,学习非常专心。不管周围怎么吵闹,都分散不了她的注意力。

一次,玛妮雅在做功课,她姐姐和同学在她面前唱歌、跳舞、做游戏。玛妮雅就像没看见一样,在一旁专心地看书。姐姐和同学想试探她一下。她们悄悄地在玛妮雅身后搭起几张凳子,只要玛妮雅一动,凳子就会倒下来。时间一分一秒地过去了,玛妮雅读完了一本书,凳子仍然竖在那儿。从此姐姐和同学再也不逗她了,而且像玛妮雅一样专心读书,认真学习。

故事之一:简朴生活玛妮雅长大以后,成为一个伟大的的科学家。她就是居里夫人。1895年,居里夫人和比埃尔?居里结婚时,新房里只有两把椅子,正好两人各一把。比埃尔?居里觉得椅子太少,建议多添几把,以免客人来了没地方坐,居里夫人却说:“有椅子是好的,可是,客人坐下来就不走啦。为了多一点时间搞研究,还是算了吧。” 从1913年起,居里夫人的年薪已增至4万法郎,但她照样“吝啬”。她每次从国外回来,总要带回一些宴会上的菜单,因为这些菜单都是很厚很好的纸片,在背面写字很方便。难怪有人说居里夫人一直到死都“像一个匆忙的贫穷妇人”。

有一次,一位美国记者寻访居里夫人,他走到村子里一座渔家房舍门前,向赤足坐在门口石板上的一位妇女打听居里夫人的住处,当这位妇女抬起头时,记者大吃一惊:原来她就是居里夫人。.淡泊名利

居里夫人天下闻名,但她既不求名也不求利。她一生获得各种奖金10次,各种奖章16枚,各种名誉头衔107个,却全不在意。有一天,她的一位朋友来她家做客,忽然看见她的小女儿正在玩英国皇家学会刚刚颁发给她的金质奖章,于是惊讶地说“居里夫人,得到一枚英国皇家学会的奖章,是极高的荣誉,你怎么能给孩子玩呢?”居里夫人笑了笑说:“我是想让孩子从小就知道,荣誉就像玩具,只能玩玩而已,绝不能看得太重,否则就将一事无成。” 五.宇宙之王霍金是谁

他是一个大脑,一个神奇,一个当代最杰出的理论物理学家,一个科学名义上的巨人。霍金小时候学习能力并不是很强,他很晚才学会阅读,上学后在班里的成绩从来没超过前十名,而且往往因为作业很不整洁,老师觉得是无药可救的孩子,同学们也把他当作嘲弄的对象,霍金十二岁的时候,班里的两个孩子曾用一袋糖果来打赌,说他永远不能成才,带有讽刺意味的给他取了个爱因斯坦的绰号,谁知二十多年后,从童年时代起,运动从来就不是霍金的长项,几乎所有的球类活动他都不行。到牛津的第三年,霍金注意到自己变得更笨拙了,有一两回没有任何原因地跌倒。一次,他不知何故从楼梯上突然跌下来,当即昏迷,差一点死去。直到1962年霍金在剑桥读研究生后,他的母亲才注意到儿子的异常状况。刚过完21岁生日的霍金在医院里住了两个星期,经过各种各样的检查,他被确诊患上了“卢伽雷氏症”,即运动神经细胞萎缩症。大夫对他说,他的身体会越来越不听使唤,只有心脏、肺和大脑还能运转,到最后,心和肺也会失效。霍金被“宣判”只剩两年的生命。那是在1963年。起初,这种病恶化得相当迅速。这对霍金的打击是可想而知的,他几乎放弃了一切学习和研究,因为他认为自己不可能活到完成硕士论文的那一天。

霍金的病情渐渐加重。1970年,在学术上声誉日隆的霍金已无法自己走动,他开始使用轮椅。直到今天,他再也没离开它。永远坐进轮椅的霍金,极其顽强地工作和生活着。1991年3月,霍金在一次坐轮椅回柏林公寓,过马路时被小汽车撞倒,左臂骨折,头被划破,缝了13针,但48小时后,他又回到办公室投入工作。又有一次,他和友人去乡间别墅,上坡时拐弯过急,轮椅向后倾倒,不料这位引力大师却被地球引力翻倒在灌木丛中。虽然身体的残疾日益严重,霍金却力图像普通人一样生活,完成自己所能做的任何事情。这位量子引力的大师级人物,多次在微弱的地球引力左右下,跌下轮椅,幸运的是,每一次他都顽强地重新“站”起来。1985年,霍金动了一次穿气管手术,从此完全失去了说话的能力。他就是在这样的情况下,极其艰难地写出了著名的《时间简史》,探索着宇宙的起源。

六、假如给我三天光明 海伦?凯勒是美国著名作家和教育家。一八八二年,在她一岁多的时候,因为发高烧,脑部受到伤害,从此以后,她的眼睛看不到,耳朵听不到,后来,连话也说不出来了。

她在黑暗中摸索著长大。七岁那一年,家里为她请了一位家庭教师,也就是影响海伦一生的苏利文老师。苏利文在小时候眼睛也差点失明,了解失去光明的痛苦。在她辛苦的指导下,海伦用手触摸学会手语,摸点字卡学会了读书,后来用手摸别人的嘴唇,终於学会说话了。苏利文老师为了让海伦接近大自然,让她在草地上打滚,在田野跑跑跳跳,在地里埋下种子,爬到树上吃饭;还带她去摸一摸刚出生的小猪,也到河边去玩水。海伦在老师爱的关怀下,竟然克服失明与失聪的障碍,完成了大学学业。

一九三六年,和她朝夕相处五十年的老师离开人间,海伦非常的伤心。海伦知道,如果没有老师的爱,就没有今天的她,决心要把老师给她的爱发扬光大。於是,海伦跑遍美国大大小小的城市,周游世界,为残障的人到处奔走,全心全力为那些不幸的人服务。

一九六八年,海伦八十七岁去世,她终生致力服务残障人士的事迹,传遍全世界。她写了很多书,她的故事还拍成了电影。苏利文老师把最珍贵的爱给了她,她又把爱散播给所有不幸的人,带给他们光明和希望。

七、.高尔基宁肯挨打也要读书

高尔基是前苏联大文豪,列宁称他是“无产阶级艺术的最杰出的代表人物”。他出生在沙俄时代的一个木匠家庭,4岁丧父,寄养在外祖母家。因为家庭极为寒,他只读过两年小学。10岁时就走入冷酷的“人间”。他当过学徒,搬运工人,守认人,面包师。还两度到俄国南方流浪,受尽苦难生活的折磨。但他十分喜欢读书,在任何情况下,他都要利用一切机会,扑在书上如饥似渴地读着。如他自己所说:“我扑在书,就像饥饿的人扑在面包上一样。”他为了读书,受尽了屈辱。10岁时在鞋店当学徒,没有钱买书,就到处借书读。那时的学龄前徒,实际上是奴仆:上街买东西,生炉子,擦地板,洗菜带孩子„„每天从早晨干到半认。在劳累一天之后,用自制的小灯,坚持读书。老板娘禁止高尔基读书,还到阁楼上搜书,搜到书就撕碎。因为读书,还挨过老板娘的毒打。高尔基为了看书,什么都能忍受,甚至甘愿忍受拷打。他说过:“假如有人向我提议说:?你去广场上用棍棒打你一顿!?我想,就是这种条件,我也可以接受的。”由于高尔基一生如饥似渴地读书,勤奋不懈地努力,他写下了大量有影响的作品:《海燕》、《鹰之歌》、《母亲》、《克里姆?萨姆金的一生》、《童年》、《人间》、《我的大学》。除此之外,还写了剧本和大量的政论、特写、文

八、发明家爱迪生

爱迪生8岁上学,但仅仅读了三个月的书,就被老师斥为“低能儿”而撵出校门(因“愚钝糊涂”被勒令退学了)。从此以后,他的母亲是他的“家庭教师”,决定自己教儿子读书识字,并教育他要诚实、爱篇二:名人事迹 一.《钢铁是怎样炼成的》描写保尔·柯察金作为一个普通工人的儿子,经历第一次世界大战、十月革命、国内战争和国民经济恢复时期的严峻生活,把对旧生活自发的反抗改变为自觉的阶级意志。保尔的成长不是“性格的自我发展”,而是如同作者在回忆自己一生时所说:“钢是在熊熊大火和骤然冷却中炼成的„„我们这一代也是在斗争和艰苦考验中锻炼出来的。”

保尔的英雄主义是早期布尔什维克的理性真诚,个人价值和集体事业在观念上处于和谐状态。小说不仅通过一个接一个的困境来塑造这位主人公,还通过激动人心的独白、发人深省的警句格言直抒这种赤诚情怀。一次,保尔来到烈士墓前悼念为革命而牺牲的战友时,曾默默地想到:“人最宝贵的是生命。它给予我们只有一次。人的一生应当这样度过:当他回首往事时不因虚度年华而悔恨,也不因碌碌无为而羞耻。这样在他临死的时侯就能够说:“我已把我整个的生命和全部精力都献给最壮丽的事业—为人类的解放而斗争。” 同冬尼娅的爱情纠葛,同丽达磊落的友谊,以及对达雅诚挚的感情也表现了保尔精神世界的纯洁,表现了小说人物的特殊素质。

二.史蒂芬.霍金1942年1月8日出生于英国的牛津,这是一个特殊的日子,现代科学的奠基人伽利略正是逝世于300年前的同一天。

霍金在牛津大学毕业后即到剑桥大学读研究生,这时他被诊断患了“卢伽雷病”,不久,就完全瘫痪了。1985年,霍金又因肺炎进行了穿气管手术,此后,他完全不能说话,依靠安装在轮椅上的一个小对话机和语言合成器与人进行交谈;看书必须依赖一种翻书页的机器,读文献时需要请人将每一页都摊在大桌子上,然后他驱动轮椅如蚕吃桑叶般地逐页阅读„„

霍金正是在这种一般人难以置信的艰难中,成为世界公认的引力物理科学巨人。霍金在剑桥大学任牛顿曾担任过的卢卡逊数学讲座教授之职,他的黑洞蒸发理论和量子宇宙论不仅震动了自然科学界,并且对哲学和宗教也有深远影响。

从宇宙大爆炸的奇点到黑洞辐射机制,霍金对量子宇宙论的发展作出了杰出的贡献。他的目标是解决从牛顿以来一直困扰人类的“第一推力”问题。他的宇宙模型是一个封闭的无边界的有限的四维时空——不需要上帝的第一推力,宇宙的演化完全取决于物理定律。耐人寻味的是,霍金的宇宙论事实上使上帝没有存身之处,但梵蒂冈教廷仍对他表示了敬意。在承认了对伽利略审判的错误之后,教廷科学院又选举霍金为该院院士。世俗的偏见和神学的权威,都不能阻挡科学的透射力。

霍金坚信,关于宇宙的起源和命运的基本思想可以不用数学来陈述,而且没有受过专业训练的人也能理解。他曾在通俗演讲里,生动地向听众解释“利用光速,从?黑洞?进去,从?白洞?到宇宙另一区域去作时空旅行”的设计,是有趣的科学幻想,而现实却是难以做到的简明道理。经过数年的辛勤写作和修改,于1988年4月正式出版宇宙论科普著作《时间简史》。书中引导读者遨游外层空间奇异领域,对遥远星系、黑洞、夸克、大统一理论、“带味”粒子和“自旋”的粒子、反物质、“时间箭头”等进行探索。《时间简史》,已用33种文字发行了550万册,如今在西方,自称受过教育的人若没有读过这本书,会被人看不起。

医生曾诊断身患绝症的霍金只能活两年,他之所以能支持到今天并取得卓越成就,最主要的是他具有强烈的使命感和极其坚强的意志。霍金的一生,是人类意志力的记录,是科学精神创造的奇迹。

一生的心愿是做个常人

与其说斯蒂芬·霍金证明的是宇宙大爆炸和黑洞的存在,不如说他用一生在证明另一件更重要的事情———自己是一个常人,并没有因为受困轮椅而成了低人一等的“废人”。然而,证明的结果甚至比他当年发现“黑洞并不全黑”时还要让自己大吃一惊———自己怎么变成了高人一等的“超人”?

1所以,当8月11日他瘫坐在轮椅上、面无表情地被推出杭州香格里拉酒店2楼电梯的那一刹那,霍金在瞬间亮起的无数闪光灯前多少显得有些勉为其难。就像此前在浦东国际机场受到几乎是超级明星式的媒体追逐,这位自爱因斯坦以来最伟大的物理学家最后选择了闭紧双眼,任凭身边缓缓落下的窗帘将狂热的“时间简史迷”们阻挡在外。他宁愿一个人静静地思考宇宙的命运。

也许,这才是霍金的世界。霍金曾经说,他清晰地记得小时候有一天很晚从伦敦回家,“那时人们为了省钱,半夜里把路灯都关掉。我走在路上,那晚的夜空是我从来没有看见过的,整个银河系仿佛刚好划过头顶。”对此,他母亲说,“只要看看这孩子仰望星空的样子,就知道他心里有多好奇。”霍金甚至表示,“哪怕置身一个无人的荒岛,我也宁可没有灯光,因为那样我就可以更好地看到星星。” 直到22岁,霍金被诊断患有运动功能萎缩的卢伽雷病,最多只能活几年时,这种对星空的执着才逐渐开始成为一种信仰———他想自己可以像常人一样生活下去。即使是全身动弹不得,为了和心爱的女孩结婚,他就必须有工作,必须先完成剑桥的博士学位,于是就有了“宇宙起源于空间中一个奇点”的大爆炸理论。即使失去了说话功能,为了替女儿付学费,他就必须赚一笔钱,于是就有了销量与《圣经》和莎士比亚作品媲美的《时间简史》。人们能否想象,霍金广为传颂的科学成就,不过来自他想证明自己能如常人一般的初衷。

只不过,每一次霍金试图证明自己是常人,证明的结果都远远高于他的预期。他发现,既然大质量的恒星在“油尽灯枯”后会坍塌成一个奇点,那么是否可以把这个过程倒过来,宇宙就是从一个奇点大爆炸诞生的呢?既然天体间有万有引力,那么是否存在一种引力大到连光线也会被吸进去的黑洞呢?霍金关于奇点和黑洞的理论,“一不小心”触动了理论物理学的神经。

爱因斯坦的广义相对论适用于天体类的大物质,量子力学适用于微观粒子,但是这两者却无法统一。而霍金的奇点理论正好统一到“无限小的物质爆炸成为天体”上。他曾经预言,到上世纪末,这种“大一统”理论将最终发现———也许只要几个简单的方程式,人类对于宇宙的知识就到达极限,理论物理学也随之终结。

但是,20多年过去了,他的预言并没有实现。当记者就此问题请教霍金时,他的助手替他说,“我想霍金同意是他错了。”这次不能开口讲话的霍金不再向记者眨眼暗示什么,而是直接咧嘴微笑表示同意。他费了好长时间才通过拟声器回答,“科学是不可预测的。如果我要是知道的话,我早就把它做出来”———终于,他用自己预言的失败向世人“成功”地证明了自己也是一个常人。

“保持安静,老板正在睡觉”

看到霍金的人都不会忍心去打扰这位天才。尽管有心理准备,但是记者见到他的那一瞬间还是被深深触动。40年的卢伽雷病让他的身体彻底变形:他的头只能朝右边倾斜,肩膀也是左低右高,双只手紧紧地并在当中,握着手掌大小的拟声器键盘,两只脚则是朝内扭曲着。10年前的照片中还蛮匀称的嘴,此时已经歪成一个s型。只要略带微笑,马上就会变成“龇牙咧嘴”的样子———现在,这已经成了他的标志。

在现场几十只摄影“炮筒”的“狂轰滥炸”下,那台神奇的拟声器看起来也完全不同于一般的液晶屏电脑。记者悄悄地溜到霍金身后,发现拟声器中词汇的选择不是按照字母顺序来排,而是按逻辑顺序组合,比如表示选择或并列的连词成为一组,主语人称成为另一组。霍金就是用它来选择词汇,并最后按下发音键,让电脑合成的声音来代他讲话。

哪怕事先知道记者的提问,霍金的回答也慢得出奇。记者几乎看不到他的手指在按动键盘,他仿佛永远一动不动。现场在提问过后只有一片寂静,无数的眼光齐刷刷地落在霍金身上,直到耳边突然传出几句略显怪异的英语———英国人说带有美国口音,而美国人认为带有北欧口音或爱尔兰口音。他的回答极为简短,往往漫长的十几分钟才等来一句只有主谓宾的简单句。不到一小时,霍金就满脸倦意,记者甚至看到他开始无聊地按起键盘,把屏幕弄得一闪一闪的。

从1980年起担任剑桥大学卢卡斯教席的霍金就是这样在轮椅上洞悉宇宙的一切。不过,也许对他而言,比起整天被人“众星捧月”般的顶礼膜拜,独自在剑桥的办公室里安静思考要简单和自在得多。霍金每天坐着轮椅去办公室,穿过整齐地挂着包括牛顿在内的所有卢卡 2斯教授画像的长长走廊,霍金的办公室就在一排落地窗户的尽头。办公室的门口通常会挂上一块木排,上面写着:“请保持安静,老板正在睡觉。” 那多半不是真的———霍金只是不愿被外人打扰。此时他一定坐在这间有着高高天花板的舒适小屋里,安静地在电脑前工作上好几个小时,驰骋在自己的宇宙里。周围两三盆植物当中摆放的是三个孩子的照片。每天下午4点,他会在护士的帮助下与研究生们交谈。他们喝着午茶,交流对宇宙的看法。一个护士托住霍金的脸颊,扶正他歪斜的头,这样茶水就不会漏出来。有时他的眼镜还会从鼻子上滑下来,但是如果有学生对他的理论提出带有质疑的问题,他立即会给一个咧嘴笑容。至少,“老板正在睡觉”的托词让霍金最感自由自在。就像他用莎士比亚的话给自己的书取名———“即便把我关在果壳之中,仍然自以为无限空间之王”,霍金告诉记者,“我发现真实的宇宙甚至比《星球大战》更吸引人。如果你想去太空,那么必须先学物理学。”

有记者问他,除科研之外最大的快乐是什么,霍金的回答似乎要迅速得多,“我热爱生活。音乐、家庭都让我从中得到许多快乐。”宇宙之外,音乐正是他找到自己归宿的地方。迄今为止,关于霍金最成功的一次访谈是1992年圣诞节时英国广播公司的“荒岛唱片”节目。这个节目要求被访者假设自己在荒岛上孤身一人,只能选择8张唱片带在身边。只有这次,霍金破天荒地回答问题很少使用简单句———谈到音乐,他的“话”匣子一下子打开了。霍金很喜欢瓦格纳的音乐。他说,“我是从1963年开始喜欢上瓦格纳的,那年我被查出患有卢伽雷病。瓦格纳音乐的暗色调和启示录式的情绪正好符合我当时的心情。”他甚至不厌其烦地复述了瓦格纳的《魔戒》的情节———要知道,就是正常人也要颇费一番口舌,更何况是一个个词选出来。

然而,如果只让他选择一张唱片,他说自己还是会选莫扎特的《安魂曲》。“15岁生日的时候,我得到一套莫扎特的cd,整整有200小时,现在我还经常听。我最喜欢的是莫扎特临终前写的《安魂曲》,如果我只能带一张唱片去荒岛,我会带上它,并且一直听到discman的电池走光为止。”

三.身残志坚、拼搏进取的女青年张海迪

她以残疾之躯,完成了许多健全人都无法做到的事情,因此她成为一代中国青年的楷模,被誉为“中国的?保尔?”。

张海迪:女。1955年出生在济南,成长于莘县。中共党员。硕士研究生学历。现为山东省作家协会文学创作室一级作家,九届、十届全国政协委员,山东省作家协会副主席,中国肢体残疾人协会主席。

5岁时因患脊髓病,胸以下全部瘫痪。从那时起,张海迪开始了她独特的人生历程。她无法上学,便在在家自学完中学课程,又自学了大学英语,还学习了日语、德语和世界语,翻译了16万字的外文著作和资料;另外还自学了十几种医学书籍和医科院校的部分教材,同时向有经验的医生请教,学会了针灸等医术。为了对社会能有所贡献贡献,她曾给农村的孩子当过老师,还曾用学到的医学知识和针灸技术为群众无偿治疗达1万多人次。她还用学过的无线电技术,在山东省莘县广播局做无线电修理工。1981年12月,《人民日报》首次报道了张海迪的事迹。1983年2月1日,《中国青年报》刊登了她的长篇自述《是颗流星,就要把光留给人间》,并配发社论《让理想的光芒照亮生活之路》。1983年3月7日,团中央召开了“优秀共青团员”张海迪命名表彰大会,宣传了她身残志坚、自学成才的感人事迹。1983年5月,中共中央号召全国人民特别是青少年向张海迪学习,邓小平、叶剑英等老一代革命家为张海迪题词。此后,张海迪的名字传遍全国各地,成为中国改革开放后第一个全国典型。

张海迪是江泽民同志在纪念中国共产主义青年团成立八十周年大会上表彰的青年英雄之一。

轮椅上的梦

张海迪的家乡在山东省文登县。她出生的时候刚好九斤,妈妈高兴地说:这可真是个“九斤老太”了。大人们看到她长得健康、聪明、伶俐,都叫她“玲玲”。玲玲的父母当时都是文艺工作者,他们对自己的长女寄托着美好的希望。女儿虽然生在泉城,可他们毕竟更爱大海。五十年代有部著名的电影叫《白夜》,有首著名的歌曲叫《尼罗河之声》。母亲说,莫斯科的“白夜”、尼罗河的歌声是迷人的;祖国渤海之滨的笛声也应该是令人神往的,女儿就叫“海迪”吧。

张海迪有一个幸福的童年,像很多孩子一样有自己的幻想。她快乐而活泼,整天蹦蹦跳跳地跑来跑去,连下楼梯的时候也不老实。人们看到她欢蹦乱跳、有说有笑的时候,就冲口而出叫她“玲玲”;人们看她做事聚精会神,对奇妙无穷的世界提出一串串问题时,人们又正而八经地叫她“海迪”。在玲玲家里还保存着一张二十多年前的照片,这是玲玲在上幼儿园时照的。白色的连衣裙,使她格外精神;两条小腿站得直直的,膝盖下的肉窝还清晰可见。这张照片现在格外珍贵了。只有它记录了海迪曾经和常人一样有着健全的双腿!3玲玲5岁那年,一场灾难性疾病降临到了她的身上。一天,玲玲在幼儿园里正在排练节目,她唱着、跳着,忽然觉得眼前一片发黑,她摔倒了。平时,她摔个跟头,总是自己不声不响地爬起来。这次,她用尽全身力气,还是站不起来。她着急了:“阿姨,我的腿,我的腿那儿去了?”父母把她抱进医院,医生们反复会诊,大夫拿着诊断书惋惜地说:“孩子得的是脊髓血管瘤,恐怕今后„„” 这病据说起因是偶然的。在运动中,脊椎里一条细细的血管突然破裂了。也许不过是一滴血,变成血块,挡住了脊髓的通道,由于它的挤压,脊髓的搏动变减弱了,甚至完全梗阻。当时,数不清的医生都希望拿出自己最大的本事,让这活泼、可爱的小姑娘站起来。但是,就像人类在征服自然的进程中遇到许多疑难问题一样——他们没有放弃自己的努力,但眼下还只能是一筹莫展。

在济南工作的爸爸妈妈抱着她跑遍了济南几家大医院,后来又几度到武汉、北京就医。医生先后给她动过四次大手术,摘除了六片脊椎板,结果却没有奏效。她不但不能走路了,而且身体从第二胸椎以下基本没有知觉了,也就是说,身体有三分之二失去了部分知觉和功能。她必须靠在轮椅的扶手上,用胳膊支撑着,才能坐得住。爸爸妈妈的心像秤砣一样沉,他们担心孩子今后还能否经受得住更大的考验。难啊,未来的生活!玲玲这艰难的第一步从哪里迈出呢?

爸爸给她买来了收音机,妈妈给她订阅了《小朋友》,雪征妹妹一步不离地陪伴着她。许多叔叔阿姨舍不得花钱给自己的孩子买玩具,但看望玲玲时,总是想方设法给她带来新奇的礼物。玲玲怎么也数不清关怀、帮助、照顾过她的到底有多少人。尽管人们以无限的关怀温暖她的心,但这远远不能补偿瘫痪给这小姑娘带来的痛苦。看着伙伴们高高兴兴地一起跳皮筋,高高兴兴地一起背着书包上学校,玲玲幼弱的心灵,简直要被痛苦压碎了。玲玲听到窗外传来的“我怎么忘记带伞了?唉,我的书包怎么忘了呢!”,心里很难过,她很想亲身感受一下与他们一起去上学的欢乐,也想感觉一下在雨中奔跑的清爽。然而,这一切都是一个梦。对于玲玲来说,只能是轮椅上的梦。一天,玲玲终于按捺不住心中的渴望,就对妈妈说:“妈妈,我要上学!”话刚说完,她就看见妈妈背过身两手摸着脸,玲玲想,妈妈一定是哭了。妈妈说:“孩子,妈妈和爸爸会让你学到知识的!”见玲玲这样渴望上学,渴望学习知识,妈妈决定,说什么也要尽量满足她的心愿。玲玲不能去上学,就请老师来教她。可家里请不起,也请不到专职的老师,妈妈爸爸只能在下班后亲自教她。玲玲从7岁起,一连四次报名上学。前三次,老师看到她瘫痪的双腿都难过地摇摇头。每天,她只能趴在窗台上,羡慕地看着别人去上学。10岁那年,爸爸带她到济南市经五路小学第四次报名上学。老师看她的确是个聪颖、上进的孩子,破例同意她报考。发榜的日子到了,一大早,爸爸背着她来到学校门口,海迪急切地在那密密麻麻的红榜里寻找自己的名字。“张海迪”,当她找到自己的名字时,拍着手喊叫起来:“我上学了,我上学了。”他让爸爸背她在校园里走了一大圈,这是教室,那是操场,海迪指指点点,别提多高兴了。回家后,爸爸特意给她买了一个小书包,妈妈为她买了一双新鞋子。可是,万万没有想到,第二天,她的病又一次犯了。当别的小朋友高高兴兴去上学时,妈妈却背着她踏上北去的列车,到北京去治病。

如果说海迪上过学的话,校门对她只开放过半天!

学校进不去,海迪就在床上铺开了课本。平时,她躺在床上,腰腿僵硬,脚背直伸。如果能使支配肌肉的神经松弛下来,使下肢稍稍能够屈伸,她就能坐起来了。在爸爸妈妈的帮助下,她天天捶腿肌,用力搬下肢。胳膊每用一次力,肋间神经就钻心一样的疼。她吞下两倍的止疼药,硬是咬着牙关按、摸、捶。有时让妈妈帮忙。妈妈舍不得用力,她不高兴;妈妈用力了,她送给妈妈的是挂着汗珠的笑脸。僵硬的腿脚终于软化了。当她能倚着被子坐一会儿,或挣扎着用胳膊支撑着趴在桌子上时,她惊喜万分。残疾退一分,玲玲就向前跨上一大步。“别人能会的,我也要会。”有时,小伙伴问她:“玲玲,你长大了想做什么?”她回答说:“我想当一名医生,让每个不能行走的孩子都站起来!”

玲玲特别爱学习,但手术造成的肋间神经痛时时折磨着她娇小的身躯,有时,她实在感到疲倦,连作业都无力完成,就对妈妈说:“这些作业我明天再做行吗?”妈妈却郑重地对玲玲说:“今日事今日毕!”听了妈妈的话,玲玲明白,学习是自己的事,绝不能拖拉,就在心里告诉自己说:“我要像在学校里的孩子一样,每天完成作业!”

尽管玲玲非常有决心,但病情却是无情的。每当病痛折磨她时,坚强的玲玲没有流泪,疼得实在厉害时,为了分散注意力,她就猛揪自己的辫子,打算用一种疼痛来代替另外一种疼痛。渐渐地,她揪下来的头发,都能编成一条辫子了,她忍受了多么大的痛苦啊!

对玲玲来说,家是一所特殊的学校。在这个学校里,聪明、好学的玲玲学会了很多知识。在所有功课中,玲玲最喜欢学习语文。在10岁时候就能读长篇小说了,虽然读得很辛苦,但她不气馁。她很喜欢读《卓娅与苏拉的故事》,可她拿到的是那种用老方法排版的书,里面多数的汉字都是繁体字,又是竖排的格式。对10岁的孩子来说特别难读,遇到不认识的繁体字,她就凭经验来猜。一次,当她从书中看到一句“妈妈领著我到杨树林时”,虽然猜出了另外的几个繁体字的意思,却不知道“杨树林”是什么意思。玲玲想,从“林”字看,“杨树”应该是一种树,那么,这个“树”字应该就是“树”的另外一种写法;“杨树”又是什么树呢?一定是一种很常见的树。于是,她开始在心里念着自己知道的各种树名,当她默念到“杨树”时,心里一亮:“杨”的写法,与“杨”字不是很像吗?看来,“杨树”就是“杨树”!想到这里,玲玲非常高兴。这样,在猜字过程中,玲玲早早地认识了许多汉字并掌握了有关的知识。

410岁那年,妈妈送给玲玲一本日记,是红色漆皮的。妈妈说:“玲玲,以后你要天天写日记!”当时,玲玲并不知道该怎么写日记。起初,她写的是:“今天我读了×××书,今天我吃了药。”这些日记,用词单调,也没有什么情感,经过妈妈的开导后,玲玲终于明白了写日记的秘密,那就是要把每天的重要事情与情感都写出来。以后,玲玲开始把所有亲情、友情的温暖都写进日记,很好地锻炼了自己的写作能力。长大以后,每当回忆起这段经历,张海迪认为,当初如果没有坚持写日记,后来就不能成长为作家。

除了语文,玲玲对别的功课也非常用心,一点儿也不肯浪费时间。在整个童年,她以顽强的意志,认真学习,始终用心对待每一个字,每一行句子,自学了小学、中学的全部课程,实现了“轮椅上的梦”。用玲玲自己的话说,她没有愧对自己的童年,也没有愧对那些美好的光阴。

在那座刷着红漆的三层楼里,张海迪度过了15年的时光,爸爸妈妈的爱,小伙伴及朋友的爱,也使张海迪更有信心面对未来。深受乡亲爱戴的赤脚医生

在大家的鼓励下,张海迪咬牙、忍痛学习。她读完了一本本激动人心、催人奋进的书:《把一切献给党》、《雷锋叔叔的故事》、《真正的人》、《我的大学》、《古丽娅的道路》、《军队的女儿》、《瓦尔瓦拉?瓦西里耶夫娜》„„,给了海迪知识和力量,在她眼前展现了一个五彩缤纷的新世界。她从小人书《钢铁是怎样炼成的》中的一次认识了保尔?柯察金。她懂得了一个人病倒了并不可怕,可怕的是失去了进取的信心和力量。只要精神不倒,就能够战胜一切困难,去创造美好的生活。在与疾病的磨难斗争和追求知识的过程中,海迪慢慢长大了。她开始考虑怎样做一个对社会有益的人。她也更多地想到,像她这样一个身体严重残废的姑娘,能为社会做些什么的问题。

1970年春天,海迪跟着爸爸妈妈从济南下放到莘县十八里铺公社尚楼大队插队劳动。开始了农村生活。

起初,张海迪感觉农村非常陌生,没有电灯和自来水,生活也十分艰苦。但是,在那些淳朴的村民身上,张海迪却感到了更真、更朴素的爱。刚到莘县那天,天空很晴朗,天上的白云像大棉花一样。不久,一群十一二岁的孩子跑过来,围到张海迪身边,抢着问道:“玲玲姐,你是城里来的吧?你的脸怎么这么白啊!你的腿怎么了?”望着孩子们的笑脸,张海迪笑了,慢慢地把自己的故事讲给孩子们听。仅仅才过了半个月,张海迪就同乡亲们相处得十分融洽了。乡邻们争着抢着往玲玲家送地瓜、咸菜等东西,还为她做了一张木轮椅。孩子们都愿意推张海迪出去散步。这个男孩子说:“玲玲姐,我推你!”那个男孩子抢过来说:“我推,我推!”经过几番争执后,张海迪就幸福地坐在木轮椅上,由孩子们轮流推着,来到了田野里。

天地真大呀,有青山绿水,还有叽叽喳喳的小鸟,在孩子们的推动下,张海迪像一下子长出了翅膀,绿油油的麦田、小路,都在眼里一晃而过,因为孩子们跑得太快啦。有一次,由于推得太快,木轮椅突然倒在地上,张海迪的胳膊都摔破了,可她还和孩子们一起哈哈大笑。长了这么大,张海迪还是第一次体验到自然的广大和真正的欢乐呢!一次,一个孩子对张海迪说:“玲玲姐,要是用我的腿换上你的腿就好了!”听了这话,张海迪感激地望着那个孩子,忍不住哭了。农村的生活比较艰苦,能吃上萝卜馅高粱米面的包子,对村里的孩子们来说已经是一件非常幸福的事了。一天,村东头的老奶奶做了2个包子,一个送给自己的孙子,把另一个塞在自己的棉袄袖口中,急匆匆地走到村西头的张海迪家,从袖口拿出还冒着热气的包子,说:“玲玲,你快趁热吃!”张海迪接过包子,眼睛湿润了,老奶奶还问:“玲玲,好吃吗?” 张海迪点着头,说:“好吃,好吃!”在这个包子里面,包含着多少疼爱啊,所以,张海迪永远也忘不了它,忘不了乡亲们给予自己的爱。这天(1970年4月27日),她在日记中这样写道:“我们来到农村啦!这儿和我想象的不一样。我原以为农村是青山绿水、花木果草。不,这儿的土地是贫瘠的、荒芜的。到处是一片白花花的盐碱地。只有窗后一大块绿——那是不怎么茂盛的庄稼。是啊!这里需要改造!我真想能在这块土地上做一个勤劳的播种人——把幸福的种子播下去。老人、孩子„„所有的人对我都那么友好,这使我爱他们。人们啊!我真愿为你们做些什么呀!”

孩子们喜欢围在这坐藤椅车(她那时还没有轮椅,只是旧藤椅下面绑4个轱辘)的大姐姐身边。玲玲发现有的孩子不愿念书,就帮助他们组成课外学习小组,天天为她们辅导功课;她听说附近的小学里没有音乐课,就自告奋勇去教她们唱歌;还抽空为孩子们理发、做书包、缝补衣服。孩子们把她当作亲爱的老师和最知心的朋友,她也开始尝到了“为人们做些什么”的幸福和欢乐。

在他们的村西头,有个五六岁的小男孩,又聪明、又漂亮。他从玲玲一家刚搬来的时候就围着他们的车转。别人说,你快叫玲玲姐姐。那个小男孩就叫她姐姐。玲玲见他长的好玩,就叫他“小不点儿”。小不点儿帮助他们搬家,一会儿提个小篮,一会儿搬个小板凳,很可爱。后来,他看玲玲常常在家里,就搬来几块砖头,放在玲玲的窗下,踩在上面,趴在那里看玲玲看书。他常常问玲玲:“姐姐,你不出去玩,闷吗?”玲玲说:“不。”他说:“我推你出去玩吧。”玲玲说:“小不点儿,你长大了,再推我出去玩。”小不点儿很懂事,有一次,他抓来一 篇三:名人事迹 柴智屏

机会只有三秒钟

她,名牌大学毕业,却找不到工作。好不容易找了份戏剧编剧助理的工作,却发现整个公司除了老板只有她一个员工。累死累活干了三个月,只拿到一个月的工资,于是炒了老板鱿鱼,开始游荡帮人写短剧,写电影,只要按时收到钱就好,前路茫茫,她希冀着奇迹发生。一次机缘巧合,她应聘到电视台一个节目当了编剧。半年后,在一次制作节目时,制作人不知为什么突然大发雷霆,说了句“不录了”就走了。几十个工作人员全愣在那儿不知怎么办,主持人看了看四周,对她说:“下面的我们自己录吧!”

机会只有三秒钟,三秒钟后,她拿起了制作人丢下的耳机麦克风。那一刻,她清楚地对自己说:“这一次如果成功了,就证明你不仅是一个只会写小剧本的小编剧,还可以是一个掌控全场的制作人,所以不能出丑!”

慢慢地,她开始做执行制作人。当时,像她那个年纪的女生能做制作人,相当罕见。几年后,这个小女生成了三年获得金钟奖的王牌制作人,接着一手制作了红得一塌糊涂的偶像剧《流星花园》,被称为“台湾偶像剧之母” 回首往事,柴智屏爽直地说:“机会只有三秒,就是在别人丢下耳机的时候,你能捡起它。” 分析:人们时常抱怨上帝不公,总是眷顾他人而忽略自己。但是当上帝赐予你机会的时候,你有没有像柴智屏一样在三秒钟之内把握机会?如果没有,不妨先反省下自

己,错过花期的花儿不会开放,请珍惜身边的每一次机会。适用话题:自信、勇气、机会 田家炳

拿矿泉水的富翁

一位记者随同一所受捐助的学校教师迎接一位捐助者,在机场为了解渴,大家买来矿泉水。刚喝几口,飞机到了,大家都不约而同地把手中的矿泉水扔掉。这时他们看到大富翁从飞机上走下来,手中拿着的似乎是一只空瓶子——瓶底只有一口水。大富翁下飞机后和大家谈笑风生,随着他手的晃动,矿泉水发出轻微的声音,直到他坐上前来接他的车子,还没有扔掉瓶子。车里有水,有人就递给他一瓶,可他摆摆事实手,直到喝完那瓶中剩下的最后一口水,才放下瓶子,接过满瓶的矿泉水。这位大富翁就是香港知名实业家、慈善家田家炳。20年来为慈善事来捐款10亿元人民币。

分析:修养不关乎身份地位,无论贫富。即使是卖报的老头,他的修养也可以使他比一般人都高大;而田家炳先生,他除了爱心之外,更让人感动的是他连一瓶矿泉水也不愿浪费。适用话题:修养、行为、高尚、节约与浪费

丹尼斯·海斯 地球之父

人类历史上的第一个“地球日”,是 1970年4月22日,由美国哈佛大学法学院的一个刚满25岁的学生——地球之父在校园发起和组织的。他因此被誉为“地球之父” 丹尼斯·海斯生长在美国华盛顿州环境幽美的哥伦比亚河峡谷,他从小养成了爱好大自然的个性。到了大学时代,他虽然就读于法律专业,却始终没有放弃对环境问题的关心。鉴于丹尼斯·海斯在环保事业中所作出的重大贡献,他曾荣获联邦野生动物协会,美国慈善协会,美国太阳能协会,远离战争组织的最高荣誉奖项,并被国家奥杜邦协会评为“100个最杰出的环保人士”之一。

分析:英雄不问出处,也不论年龄的大小。年轻的丹尼斯·海斯一心致力于环保事业,持之以恒,最终为自己赢得了“地球日之父”的称号。适用话题:环保、自然、青年 萨科齐

必须成为总统

法国总统萨科齐,1955年1月28日 出身于法国巴黎的一个移民家庭,从小就遭受别人的歧视和嘲笑。10岁那年的一天,他骑着自己心爱的山地车在郊外潇洒地穿梭。正当他得意时,几个小孩拦住他,一把夺过他的山地车,猛地摔在地上,还指着他的鼻子说:“你这个外来的小崽子,不配骑山地车!”晚上,他在日记本上写道:“我不是想成为总统,而是我必须成为总统。”

15岁时,因家庭贫困,萨科齐告别了学校。以后的几年间,他放过羊,当过乐队号手,做过泥瓦匠,糖厂工人等。他哭过,泄气过,但从没有退缩过。后来,他通过半工半读考上了巴黎政治学院。结业后,又与校友一起做生意。在生意场上打拼了10年后,他毅然离开,走上了从政之路。1983年,年仅28岁的萨科齐当选巴黎郊区讷伊市市长,成为法国历史上最年轻的市长。2007年5月,在法国总统大选中,萨科齐胜出,当选为新一任法国总统。他也终于圆了心中的总统梦。

分析:当一个人用“我必须怎样”来承诺自己的理想时,他的心中就一定蓄积了巨大的动力和必胜的信念。而这种动力和信念也正是打开成功之门的钥匙。适用话题:尊严、改变、困境

哥白尼

充满好奇心的童年

波兰伟大的天文学家哥白尼,小时候就非常喜欢问问题。他对世界充满了好奇,经常缠着爸爸妈妈问这问那:太阳为什么总是从东边升起,从西边落下?晴朗的夜空有那么多星星,为什么到了白天却无影无踪?小鸡为什么从鸡蛋里出来,而不从母鸡的肚子里出来?„„哥白尼后来对科学奥秘的不懈探求,正是从这些稀奇古怪的“为什么”开始的。

分析:成功发端于好奇心,因为好奇,才会去探索,去探索就会发现别人没发现的东西。可以说,好奇心是智慧富有活力的最持久、最可靠的特征。适用话题:质疑、好奇、探索

特蕾莎

伟大的修女18岁的特蕾莎离开家乡来到爱尔兰加入了劳来多修女会,后来主动到印度最破烂的贫民窟,在那里用几卢比租下一间房子,收容饥寒交迫的孩子。为了他们,她亲自到街上乞讨食物,帮他们清洗身体。房间里没有桌子、椅子、黑板,她就以地板为黑板,教孩子们认识孟加拉字母。一次,她遇见一个人身上全是脓包、伤口,脓包上尽是蠕动的蛆和虱子,便到警察局请求他们拨一处地方,使她可以接待这样的无家可归者。就这样,她创办了“死者之家”专门收容垂死的游民。秉持同样的信念,她还创办了“弃婴之家”和“麻风病之家”。1979年,她荣获诺贝尔和平奖同年获印度政府颁发的全国最高荣誉奖。

分析:特蕾莎修女是人类社会的福音,她与贫困中的人们融为一体,为他们带去光明和爱。而特蕾莎修女这样做,不为所图,不求任何回报,纯粹只是去帮助那些受难的人民。适用话题:善良、奉献、爱心 法拉第

“反过来试试看”的奇迹

丹麦人奥斯特发现导线上通电流会使附近的磁针偏转,法拉第由此想到磁铁也能使通电导线移动,于是他发明了电动机。后来法拉第又想到,电能生磁,反过来呢?他立刻做实验,最后终于发现磁也能生电,这一发现导致了发电机的诞生。法拉第的两次“反过来试试看”使大规模生产和利用电能成为可能,引发了第三次产业革命。

分析:有些事情被我们的惯思维所禁锢,不妨反过来

第四篇:穿越时空的精神力量

穿越时空的精神力量

作者:本报记者 李苑 《光明日报》(2016年11月15日 11版)

编者按

今年是中国共产党建党95周年和中国工农红军长征胜利80周年,总书记先后发表重要讲话。在纪念红军长征胜利80周年大会上的讲话中,总书记强调:“前进道路上,我们要大力弘扬伟大长征精神,激励和鼓舞全党全军全国各族人民特别是青年一代发愤图强、奋发有为,继续把革命前辈开创的伟大事业推向前进,在实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦新的长征路上续写新的篇章、创造新的辉煌!”

近期,两本相关主题新作《中国共产党的九十年》和《穿越历史时空看长征》推出,受到读者欢迎。11月1日,以“不忘历史 继续长征”为主题的长安街读书会举行,两书的主要作者,中央党史研究室第三研究部副主任黄一兵和中央党史研究室第一研究部原副巡视员王新生,与读者共同分享了他们的研究和创作心得。本期光明读书会整理刊载其精华部分,与广大读者一起重温那些在历史长河中熠熠生辉的精神力量。

为什么已经有那么多权威著作,今天还要重新整理和撰写党史和长征史?

黄一兵:《中国共产党的九十年》可以说是《中国共产党历史》(第二卷)后,中央党史研究室出版的又一本具有权威性和相当历史价值的党史基本著作。

继《中国共产党的三十年》《中国共产党的七十年》后,时隔多年,我们写《中国共产党的九十年》,体现了党对自身历史认识在不断地丰富和发展。而且也许大家也注意到了,这三本书的写作都有一个特殊的契机。

1951年,新中国成立不久,需要全党、全国各族人民了解,领导他们的党是什么情况,于是胡乔木署名撰写了《中国共产党的三十年》。到了1991年,时逢苏联解体、东欧动荡,在那个特殊的历史环境中,需要对我们党的历史进行一个完整的阐述,特别是需要对新中国成立以后的历史做一个清晰、明确、客观、公正的阐述,于是有了《中国共产党的七十年》。

而《中国共产党的九十年》是在什么样环境下产生的?这本书后记中写道:时间是从2010年起草。这跟我们党史工作上一个重大事件直接相关,即2010年,经中共中央批准,召开了新中国成立以来,也可以说是建党以来的第一次全国党史工作会议。这次会议规模很大,当时分管党史工作的习近平同志出席了会议,并发表了重要讲话,这个讲话就是我们起草《中国共产党的九十年》的根本指导思想。

这次会议第一次对什么是党史做了明确的概括,即中国共产党历史是包括三个历史统一:不懈奋斗史,这是一个传统党史的框架;理论探索史,把党在理论创新上的重大成果、发展过程、形成标志做了一个深刻阐述;党的自身发展史,党的自身奋斗史,也是人民群众共同努力和探索的历史。中国共产党的历史从2010年以后,在写党史、党史著作、党史文章时,都强调“三史统一”。

此外,会上还提出要把握住党的历史发展的主题、主线、主流本质。所谓主题、主线,就是中国近代以来面临的两大历史任务,即求得民族独立、人民解放和实现国家繁荣富强、人民共同富裕。本质主流就是中国共产党是带领全国人民 2 完成这两大历史任务,并实现中华民族伟大复兴。这本书的许多观点就是围绕这个思想来展开。后来这个重要观点逐步融入党的一系列重要文件中。

正是因为有了2010年的全国党史工作会议,广大党史工作者觉得这是一个引领党史工作开创新局面的会议,因此有必要从这个时间点开始,对党的历史进行重新归纳、总结。

王新生:我也谈谈为什么写《穿越历史时空看长征》。我在中央党史研究室工作了三十多年,主要从事民主革命事件研究,长征史是我研究的主要内容之一。我第一次参与写红军长征史方面的书,大约是在20年前,只写了两个章节,也没有什么自己的研究,大都是吸收别人的成果。后来这些年,我在不断吸收前人知识的基础上,自己也进行了调查研究。

2016年,迎来了长征胜利80周年。80年过去了,长征作为一个重大的历史事件,作为中华民族一个巍峨丰碑,我们党史工作者都在思考,今天应该给读者奉献一个什么样的成果?还像过去写《红色铁流》一样吗?显然不行。过去的书虽然也很好,但是时代在前进,人们的生活和观念发生了重大变化,到了21世纪,如果拿出来的东西依然是过去的模式,作为一个党史工作者,我对不起如今这么好的条件。所以我们有这个责任为国家、为读者、为人民,拿出新的、符合时代需求的精神产品。

这些年,关于长征的书出了很多,但搞研究的人写的书销量不大,反而是搞文学的人写的书很畅销。这些书籍存在着一个问题,即在文学加工下,读者对这件事的理解与当时的史实,距离比较远。所以党史研究者和工作者们必须开辟出一条新路来,既要让长征史扎实、准确、权威,又让读者爱看。我攒了很多年劲,终于为大家呈现出这样一本书。

如今的主题出版不仅在装帧上有了新意,内容和选题上也更加贴近读者的爱好,这两本书有什么创新之处?

黄一兵:《中国共产党的九十年》的创新,特别鲜明地体现在两个方面:

第一,这本书第一次把我们党的历史起点从1919年扩展到1840年,而且这本书在写作过程中形成了一个开放式的结尾。

这个时间的更改我们是有依据的。《中国共产党的三十年》起点是1921年,《中国共产党的七十年》是往前挪到1919年,从五四运动写起。我们过去写党史比较多地聚焦在党的具体事件角度上,但这部党史,则是从民族复兴的角度讲我们党的发展。

中华民族伟大复兴的历史任务是1840年提出来的,是在近代中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会的历史过程中形成的,而要把党领导中国人民实现中华民族伟大复兴这个历史过程写清楚,未来还有相当长一段时期。中华民族伟大复兴在党的十八大以后提到了相当高的程度,是当作一个主要历史任务提出来的。这是这本书在思想上、理论基础上的一个新的特点。

第二,这本书有一个很重要的观点,即以中国特色社会主义来贯穿九十年的写作。九十年来,中国共产党领导人民取得最根本的成就,就是中国特色社会主义。

用中国特色社会主义贯穿全书,能够把中国特色社会主义和中国共产党为实现中华民族伟大复兴的本质内涵解释清楚。实际上中华民族伟大复兴之所以成为人民群众的梦想,就是因为中国共产党在领导中国人民奋斗的过程中,解决了四个问题:一是解决了中国特色社会主义道路问题,二是解决了中国特色社会主义 靠什么理论去指导的问题,三是解决了中国特色社会主义该是一个什么样社会制度问题,四是该以什么样的文化形态实现中华民族伟大复兴的问题。1840年以来,很多人都试图解决这个问题,但都没成功,最终中国共产党找到了答案。要用中国特色社会主义来统领中国共产党的九十年,不仅反映了一个真实的历史内涵,同时也能够鲜明地体现十八大以来我们党对自身历史的新认识、新结论。这许多内容组合在一块,就使这本书具有了新的历史内涵、理论内涵和时代精神。

王新生:我认为《穿越历史时空看长征》有以下几个特点:

第一,以学术为支撑。书中既有我个人最新的研究成果,也有学术界最新的研究成果,还参照了很多权威著作,比如《中国共产党历史》(第一卷),《中国共产党的七十年》《中国共产党的九十年》,以及《毛泽东选集》《周恩来文选》《周恩来选集》等等,还有军事科学院出的关于军事方面的书。

第二,我运用了多方面的资料。比如,我还阅读了《蒋介石日记》,认真研究了蒋介石关于第五次围剿红军,以及长征途中的一些想法,以证明一些关键史实。

第三,书中包含了我的一些点评。这些点评并不是我的心血来潮,而是长时间研究党史、军史时,自己的一些感想。读者可能不是相关专业的,作为研究者,我们应该用自己的点评告诉读者如何看,引导读者对事情的认识。

我以书中《湘江之战》这个部分的内容为例。湘江之战是红军长征中损失最惨重的一次战役,我在书中写道:伟大的事业从来不是一帆风顺的,湘江之战是中央苏区第五次反围剿以来的最低谷,但是肩负着实现中华民族独立与复兴的中国共产党和中国工农红军是中国最先进、最大公无私的政党和军队,充满朝气和智慧,不会为严重的挫折所吓倒,他们会纠正自身存在的错误,调整方向,走上 胜利之途。我通过这段话总结了湘江战役失败后党的情况,然后引出后面的遵义会议。

还有当年蒋介石污蔑红军在茅台池中洗脚,说红军是很野蛮的军队,青面獠牙,是赤匪。我在后面引出一段话:历史是威严的,任何人在历史面前都很渺小,都要敬畏历史,因此任何人在历史面前都要老老实实做事,不得弄虚作假,如果不老老实实做事,弄虚作假,必然会受到历史的嘲弄。国民党造谣红军在茅台酒池中洗脚,无非是把红军的形象在人民中弄臭,但适得其反,这种做法只能是搬起石头砸自己的脚。

今天说党史、长征,就是用过去的精神来激励今天的人,能够穿越历史时空的其实就是一种精神。长征精神对中国人民的意义是什么?

王新生:四支红军出发长征时约有20多万人,尤其是中央红军,长征初期没有做政治动员,大家不知道到哪里去,但愿意跟着走。为什么?因为相信党。

我说一个小小的体会。2015年时我走了贵州毕节地区的一小段长征路,是大约300米的一个90度悬崖,我腿都软了。之后是一个崎岖的羊肠小道,最窄的地方仅仅能放下一只脚,下面就是万丈深渊。只有四华里路,我就觉得这个路再也走不到头了,感觉总是被危险威胁着,这让我震撼,究竟是什么支撑着当年的红军走过这条路?

在我的书里写过一个红军战士的事迹:过草地时,一个十几岁的小红军刚开始还蹦蹦跳跳,后来昼夜温差逐渐加大,阴雨连绵,缺乏粮食,他日渐虚弱,临终前他告诉战友:“我是活不了了,看不到革命胜利了,当你们革命胜利的时候,告诉我的家人我是为革命牺牲的。”这就是当时红军战士到死都抱着的理想信念。

长征精神的精髓就是理想信念。因为理想信念就是一个灯塔,高高竖起来照耀着人们去前进。要是没有长征精神,最终怎么能有三四万人,在军事高压和恶劣自然环境下走到了陕北。有了理想和信念,就有了灵魂和力量。理想信念是永恒的,只要中国共产党存在,革命就一定能胜利,就一定能领导全国人民实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。

黄一兵:我理解还有一个很重要的原因,长征精神为什么现在依然那么鲜活,实际上,它已经成为我们文化自信的重要组成部分。所有成为自信的内容,应该具备几个条件:独特的、被实践检验是正确的、有生命力的。文化自信的三个组成部分,就包括:传统文化,中国传统文化是中国独特的东西,能够传承久远的东西;革命文化,就是五四运动以后形成的文化;社会主义文化,集中体现为社会主义核心价值观。而这三个文化正是由长征精神、井冈山精神、延安精神、西柏坡精神、抗洪精神,甚至两弹一星精神等组成。这些精神汇聚成的力量,是能够穿越时空的,也是独一无二的。

(本报记者李苑整理)

第五篇:英语作文网

英语四级作文范文

时间:2009-05-07 14:00作者: 点击:

7700次

写作的重要性 6分最低限,只要结构不出错,得分应该为9分。评判作文

四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。

内容不跑题即可,注意:1.不要妄图以情动人;2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。结构上牢记总分总:先写主题句(Topic Sentence),再写分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)。

语言最重要,往往使评分产生重大差异,语言要模仿和包装。基本表达

人们认为:it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that 越来越:be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 万能理由(Omnipotence)

1.方便:convenient/ convenience 2.效率:efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3.节省和浪费:save time/ money/ space;economical, thrift waste time/ money/ space;costly, lavish 4.人的心理健康:independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance;selfish, isolated, conserative 5.人的身体健康:health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6.娱乐:colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax tired, boring, lonely 7.环境:environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8.安全和危险:safe, danger, risk 9.经验:experience, social experience, enter the society 10.人际:humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意:(内容方面尽量不要修改)

1、字母大小写

2、怪符号

3、单词拼写

4、主谓一致

5、动词时态

6、名词单复数 实例一

题目:Bicycles――An Important Means of Transport in China提纲:(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及(2)和汽车的比较(3)自行车在中国的前途 Score: 8 Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesn’t ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land.It isn’t too expensive, so Chinese can afford it.It doesn’t need any oil, and it can’t cause the polusion.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.In the future, bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.Score: 14 Bicycles are very popular in China.Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people--man and woman, old and young--ride their bicycles to work and study.That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.注:1.第一句总写,第二句和第三句分写,最后总写。2.During the rush hour 分词结构开头。3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways.First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride.Second, riding bicycle is good for health.Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution.Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive.They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air.Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car.Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注:1.Compared with cars 分词结构开头。

2.be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于

3.thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感,信号词 4.cheap 便宜,最好用inexpensive 5.be good for health 对健康有好处(万能理由)6.Moreover 表示递进

In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions.It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.注:promising 有前途的 a promising young man Score: 11 There millions of bicycles in today’s China.Bicycles are very important means of transport in people’s daily lives.Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider’s strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注:第一句应该用there be结构

Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper.It is more suitable for China as a developing country.And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has.On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of China’s bicycle will be kept for the long run.Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it’s quality will be improved.I、对比观点选择题:1.有人认为„„; 2.另外一些人认为„„; 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。(最好写成4段)实例二 99年6月真题

Reading Selectively Or Extensively? Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书 3.我的想法

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:

(启)Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。Score: 14分

How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.(启)

注:第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:(承)Paragraph II:(1)提出一种观点或优点;(2)本段的支持性分论点;(3)本段总结(可以省略)。

Some people think we should read selectively.They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.It is impossible for us to read all the books.What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them.Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.(承)注:1.本段总分总结构

2.they argue that = they think that 3.with the development of...随着„„的发展 4.what's more 递进关系,moreover 5.bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的 典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:(转)Paragraph III:(1)承上启下的过渡句;(2)提出另一种观点或缺点;(3)本段的支持性分论点(4)本段总(可以省略)。

But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was.If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless.Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.(转)注:1.But 转折词(信号词)

2.they emphasize that = they think that 3.today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比 4.许多知识 a wide range of knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge;

获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5.knows nothing→little;he may be useless→he may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉

典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:(合)Paragraph IV:(1)平衡两种看法;(2)给出自己的观点。

Who’s right? I think both of them have something right.But I think we should read extensively first.We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.(合)Score: 11分

When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注:结构非常好,可以套用。

Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books.Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way.So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.注:1.“people, who...,”应去掉逗号,改为限制性定语从句。2.as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3.lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb.astray 4.they suggest that = they think that 5.touch 碰(闪光点词汇:如教材P7:shouldering the responsibility of doing sth.肩负起责任)

But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge.Even the best book only contains one field of information.So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”.So they believe that reading extensively is better.注:1.hold 认为 同样表示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2.the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思 3.to know more, to read more 错误,中式英语

To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible.By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.范文22.Is Television a Blessing or a Curse? Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in people’s lives.But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse.注:it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为

As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating.The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into one’s room.注:1.As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2.“使„„”不用make,而用keep, allow, offer However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing.They argue that it has brought about many serious problems.The major one is its effects on young people.They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened.Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society.范文5.Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons.They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning.They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.注:geographical and historical 押尾韵,如:押头韵 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons.They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy.For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm.If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time.It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love.注:1.in practice = I think 2.does more good than harm 好处比坏处多,其他表达方法:be superior to/ inferior to 比如:the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3.enable 使 范文1.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test(CET).Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker.Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely.A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.使句子具有表现力的手段:

1、用形容词修饰名词;

2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词

On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners.To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their coursework.Another required test will only add to their burden.Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society.Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.范文21.Should smoking be banned? Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly.Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking.They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed.And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship.Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.注:1.vary greatly 许多种2.be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that 3.get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽 4.Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词表达。

But other people consider it very harmful to people’s health.They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second.And they have heard the doctor’s warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack.In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents.Thus it has become a major threat to people’s life and property.注:1.They have heard the official reports that...官方报告表明..2.be more likely to 更有可能,更容易3.chance 可能

There is some truth in both arguments, but human’s life and property outweighs anything else.If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, can’t we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注:1.outweigh 比„„重要,同样的表达:be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2.最后用两句反问句结尾,非常精妙。课后作业 Private Cars 写成4段的首段写法:

In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China.People's attitude toward private cars varies widely.② With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car.Yet, people's opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply.③ In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight.People's views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely.写成3段的首段写法:

With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of people's living standard, more and more people can own private cars.cars are entering ordinary families.the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言)支持段的主题句:

Some people claim that/ As is pointed out that/ It is generally believed that/ It is widely accepted that, there are some advantages of owning a private car.There is no doubt that private cars benefit people hugely.支持段的分论点:

① 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation.② 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm.③ 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a person's social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career.否定段的主题句:① However(Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides.② While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make.③ Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects ④ Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits.⑤ However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults.⑥ Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought.They complain that......⑦ However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced.⑧ Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.否定段的分论点: ① 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space.② 交通事故 On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen.③ 污染环境 What's more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air.注意:所谓上义词是指抽象、概括和笼统的,就是比较superordinate的词;而下义词就是具体的东西,即subordinate的东西。第四段(总结段)的写法:

① Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages.As for the above problem, I'm sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved.② Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us.③ Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be elminated.④ Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life.选择题型变体逻辑结构(My View on Sth.)选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构:

Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。

Paragraph II:(1)提出作者观点(本文主题句);

(2)举例加以论证。

Paragraph III:(1)总结全文(再次强调作者观点)范文17.My View on Fate There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate.Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life.注:1.consensus 相同意见

2.第一句话可以套用,如范文18:There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth.3.while 轻微转折和对比,强转折用词but, however 4.master 主人 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion.There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means one’s fate is decided in his own hands.In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life.Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just can’t realize how much inner strength and ability they have.We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy.注:1.第一句as far as与I agree重复,把后半句改为the latter opinion seems more reasonable。

2.architect 建筑师,archor 弓箭手

3.In fact 前后是转折关系,之前从正面阐述,之后从反面阐述 范文17.My View on Fate(续)

Let’s take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example.When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf.Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the President’s Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless.This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.注:1.本段开始举例

2.Let's take„„for example 中间是插入语,表示强调,举例不宜太长。

In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard.We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”

注:bear sth.in mind:把„„牢记在心 范文13.The Way to Success 第二段:Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success.A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be.Dr.Sun Yat-sen was such a man.Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and finally succeeded in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.Diligence means steadiness in one’s work and study.Su Qin stabbed himself in order to keep attentive to studies.Marx often worked 15 hours a day.Life is short and we have many things to do.Without diligence no one can achieve anything.II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构

Paragraph 1:(1)概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点(general);(2)具体描述这个事物或者观点(或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific)。

Paragraph 2:(1)作者对该现象货问题的基本看法,即文章的论点句;(2)支持性的细节分论点(至少两点);(3)本段总结(可以省略)。

Paragraph 3:(1)总结全文,定下结论(通常为我的对策或看法)。四级作文试题2000年1月 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education.You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多多种途径解决。2.哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。How I Finance My College Education How I Finance My College Education 第一段:首先,应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点:

Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before.How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.第二段:有多种的方法,例如:1.向父母;2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱 第二段主题句:There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.第二段分写:

In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates.What’s more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.第三段:我所赞同的方法(阐述原因,为何不选其他的方法)。Personally/ As far as I’m concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me.For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.Therefore /So /Hence,.....使文章富有表现力的手段:

1、使用有难度的词汇;

2、使用形容词修饰名词,用副词修饰动词或整个句子;

3、使用被动语态;

4、使用倒装句;(not only...but also...;only...)

5、尽可能地使用名词,而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。绿化我们的城市 第一段:

近年来,随着工商业的迅猛发展,许多大城市中树木的数量大幅度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐,但是,认识到绿化城市也同样重要。普通版

Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big cities.We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees.But, it is important to realize to make our cities green.润色版

In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n)rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large cities has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically.Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance.注:区分industry 和 industrial 绿化我们的城市(续)第二段:

绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一,绿化城市能够净化空气。科学研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中碳化合物的含量。其二,它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木,我们会欣然地感到自己置身于美丽的花园中。最后,绿化城市能够带来大量木材,这是解决自然资源短缺的有效办法。普通版

There are many advantages in making cities greener.First, it makes our air clean.Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption.Second, it adds to the beauty of our cities.With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature.Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber.And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources.润色版 What benefits can the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner.Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen.This will improve the quality of the urban environment.Second, our cities will look more beautiful.Just imagine the city which is full of trees and flowers.What an attractive garden it is!What’s more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources.绿化我们的城市(续)第三段:

绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力,人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿化对城市环境的贡献,还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们不受商业使用的侵犯。普通版

Making cities greener requires people’s efforts all over the country.And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business.润色版

Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness;it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers.(Making cities greener requires the whole nation’s efforts.And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment to the protection of more trees against business.)句型变化 A.(1)We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.(2)There are many trees along the streets.(3)There is a clean river in the city.(4)There are many fishes in the river.(5)There are willow trees on the one side.(6)There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.(7)There are many flowers on them.B.(1)Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener.(2)Green trees line the streets.(3)A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound.(4)On the one side stand rows of willow trees.(5)On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.1.There be...1)a.There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.b.Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.2)a.There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.b.Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.2.If 1)a.If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference.b.Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.2)a.If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.b.The application of book knowledge alone will not bring you good result.3)a.If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.b.Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.3.In order to 1)a.In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.b.An immediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.2)a.In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts.b.New efforts will bring...4.More and more 1)a.More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.b.People in ever increasing numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.2)a.More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle.b.The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.3)a.More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b.Teenage smoking is on the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years.4)a.More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy.b.There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.5)a.More and more trees have disappeared in the city.b.There is a sharp decline in the number of trees in the city.社会热点话题

写作练习:Jobs for Graduates 1)大学生难找工作 2)原因很多 3)解决的办法 With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education(高等教育).As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates.范文23:Nowadays, college graduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job.Most/ Many of them can not get a job right after graduation.The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter.According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000.Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs? 第二段细节论证 分析原因:

1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned...2、One may regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to...3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in...mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors...Several years ago, many students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand.Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country.Graduates without working experiences are now losing their appeal for many international cooperations, such as...国家制定法律法规 个人接受教育

III、图表题(table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph)图表题的写作逻辑结构:

Paragraph I:(1)概括描述图表:趋势描写;

(2)具体描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。Paragraph II:(1)提出自己理由和观点(本段主题句);

(2)细节性分论点(主要是原因,用于支持自己的观点,至少两点)。

Paragraph III:(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;

(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点 【标题】Changes in People’s Diet

Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to: 1.State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.2.Give possible reasons for the changes.3.Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.【短文】Changes in People’s Diet

In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons.First, people now have more money.The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them.Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk.Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet.They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future 【修改版】

As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet.Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.There are two factors leading to the change.For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living.In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income.But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods.For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition.They are not merely content to fill the stomach.They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.图表题的适用句型:

1.As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram,...2.The chart/ graph shows/ displays that...3.As can be shown in the table..., 4.The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that..., 5.It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that...V、谚语格言题逻辑结构

Paragraph I:(1)点明要阐释的谚语或名言(general);

(2)用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思,有时有正反两面的逻(specific)。

Paragraph II:(1)作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度,即文章的论点句;

(2)支持性的细节分论点,举例子论证(至少两点,有时有正反两面的逻辑);

Paragraph III:总结全文,定下结论(通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义)。Practice Makes Perfect Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: “Practice makes perfect”.It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency.When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.Practice Makes Perfect(续)Take the study of English for example.Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar.And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way.Another good example is sports.Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster.Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of “Practice makes perfect”.......(正反两方面都举例子)On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure.There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice.All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.举例一般为:英语学习;体育锻炼

To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice 课后复习(self-study Program)

1、课堂讲解内容:体会用词艺术和丰富的句式

2、写作练习:2002年6月真题(Student Use of Computers)

3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达

4、完型填空练习:完成Passage 1--Passage 3 做题步骤:

(1)通读全文,了解文章大意;

(2)初选答案(排除法、优选法);

(3)寻找线索;

(4)回头补缺;

(5)核实答案。图表题:2002年6月考题

Topic: Student Use of Computers(at least 150 words)

1、上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化;

2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);

3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。2002年6月的图表题作文: As is shown by the bar graph, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spends on the computer per week increased dramatically over the period from 1990 to 2000.In 1990, it was less than two hours.And in 1995, it hit/ reach four hours.And in 2000, the number soared to(飞速上升)nearly twenty hours, which is over ten times than that of 1990.注:soared to/ boom/ shoot up/ rocket/ jump 飞速上升 climb 上升很慢 shrink 下降,缩水

第一段还有一种写法:„„In 1990, the number was less than 2 hours, while the figure hit 4 hours(或者这样写:while in 1995,)as compared with that of 1990, it had almost doubled.And what impress us most is that the figure soared to..., which„

Obviously computers are becoming increasingly popular for males and for females.A multitude of factors could account for the rise.In the first place, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life.Also, the rapid development of the internet enlarges our demands for using computers.We can easily contact friends in remote places through the internet.In the second place, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enable more students to purchase them.However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of-date designs and so on.And how to balance the time between using computers an studying is also a serious problem.Anyhow, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly.IV、书信题的写作方法:

(一)信封格式:

名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大,写在右下角(与我们相反)。

(二)信纸格式:

日期:背月份的缩写

称呼(后面的标点是逗号):Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文:空4个字节或者顶格写,段与段之间空行)

签名:sincerely yours 书信写作的五点要求:

1、开门见山说意图

2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段

4、感谢客气不可少

5、期待回信成老套

(三)开头段:

1、告知对方你的身份(假如对方不认识你)Dear Sir/ Mr.Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department./ I am a„ at your„

/ I am a „ at your college, enrolled in the„ course./ My name is„, I am„

2、问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)Dear Prometheus, Hello / Hi.How are you? / I hope everything is fine./ How are things going with you? / How are you getting on in / getting along with„..?

3、解释写信的原因(1)致谢:

I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises./ I am greatly indebted to you for(the double)you have gone to on my behalf./ Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada./ I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for„ / I would like to thank you most sincerely for„(2)抱怨:

I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room./ I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at„ / I wish to make a complaint about„

/ I am writing to draw your attention to„./ I am afraid I have got a complaint about„.(3)致歉:

I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects./ I am writing to you because I am unable to„./ I an terribly sorry that„./ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to„.(4)询问:

I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about„

/ I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor./ I would like some detailed information on/about„.(四)结尾段:

1、发出请求

(1)Please give this matter your immediate attention.(2)I would very much appreciate it if„„as soon as possible.(3)Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.2、提供帮助

(1)I hope these„„will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.(2)„„will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you

3、再次表示歉意或感激

(1)Thank you for your kind assistance.(2)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.(3)I am sorry that I cannot„„, and trust that you will understand.(4)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.(5)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.(6)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4、期盼回信:R.S.V.P.(1)I look forward to your prompt response.(2)Looking forward to a prompt reply,(3)I expect to hear from you very soon.(4)I hope to receive your reply shortly.(5)I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.书信题范文:2001.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.1. 表示欢迎

2.提出度假安排的建议 3.提醒应注意的事项

A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang Example I: Dear Xiao Wang, I am very happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday.My parents will also be happy to see you again.I am sure you will enjoy every minute here.I know you like swimming.A river lies not far away from my home.We can go swimming there.I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days.In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner.We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home.A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring.We can go there on foot.When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village.Just phone me before you set off.There is no need for you to take anything.I’ll prepare everything for you.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours, Zhang Yin 公文信函: 2002.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。

January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr.President, Li Ming freshman 大一 sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四 Example II: Dear Mr.Prometheus, I am a student at your TOEFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001.On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident.I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs.My doctor advised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001.I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you.My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class.Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely, Janet, Student No„ 题型总结:

对比观点选择题:4段 社会热点话题:3段 图表题: 书信题: 格言题:

描写叙述题: 完型填空 做题技巧

(一)Prep Tips for Cloze I.做题步骤:

1、通读全文,了解文章大意;文章两种模式:总分、对比;

2、初选答案(排除法、优选法);

3、寻找线索;

4、回头补缺;

5、核实答案。II.出题重点: 1.词语的辨析:

1)同义词; 2)反义词; 3)形近词;

形近词举例:Test 2...or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.87.A)lying B)laying C)laid D)lied 注:说谎:lie lied lied lying 躺:lie lay lain lying 放置,下蛋:lay laid laid laying 2.逻辑关系:

1)列举/种属关系:

such„as;especially;in particular;specifically;for example;for instance;likely;2)因果关系: because(for);due to;owing to;thanks to;since;for;as;for the reason that;seeing that;3)并列/递进:

besides;likewise;moreover;also;too;what’s more;apart from;except;furthermore;not noly„but also„.;in addition;4)转折/让步关系:

however;but;never the less;nonetheless;whereas;still;though;although;anyhow;anyway;in any case;yet;5)对比关系:

by contrast;in contrast;by comparison;like;as„as;on the contrary;conversely;oppositely;„.than„.;逻辑关系举例1:Test 4 Sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.76.A)by B)in C)for D)with 逻辑关系举例2:Test 2 The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.__71__ these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most _ 75__ one.71.A)Although B)Since C)Because D)Therefore 72.A)stable B)splendid C)smooth D)complicated 73.A)little B)few C)much D)many 74.A)selections B)separations C)series D)sections 75.A)terrible B)possible C)enjoyable D)profitable 3.固定结构的识别:提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章:

either„or„;neither„nor„;too„to„;so„that„;not„until„;hardly„when„;no sooner„than„;not only„but also„ 固定结构举例:Test 3 76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city.Others deal with a state, a region, a nation.Or an 78 continent.Many geography books deal with the whole earth.Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.The former focuses on the natural world;the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act 83 each other.but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.76.A)Some B)Many C)Most D)Few 77.A)outside B)except C)as D)like 81.A)second B)later C)next D)latter 2. 搭配:

例如:a.+ n.;ad.+ v.;take advantage of„.;make use of„.等; 3. 动词用法:

1)主谓一致; 2)时态; 3)语态; 4)非谓语动词; 4. 介词用法:

1)介词与名词; 2)介词与动词; 3)介词与形容词; 顶一下(62)68.9% 踩一下(28)31.1% 2010上海世博会相关英语作文大全范文 World Expositions are galleries of human inspirations and thoughts.Since 1851 when the Great Exhibition of Industries of All Nations was held in London, the World Expositions have attained increasing prominence as-2010上海世博会相关英语作文大全范文 关于2010世博会英语作文

How To Be A Lovely Citizen(如何成为一个可爱的上海人)

Great changes have taken place in Shanghai and more and more people throughout the world are focusing their attention on Shanghai now.As a citizen of Shanghai, I feel I must spare no efforts to do my bit.First, I decide to help plant more trees to make our city more beautiful.Second, I should obey seven nos and be good at learning from others.Third, I should study hard so that I can do something better for my city in the future.The World Expo in 2010(世博会)英文作文

The World Expo in 2010(2010年世博会)

The World Expo in 2010

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.our government has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.From Joozone.com.世博会英语作文

Right from its establishment in 1992, Shanghai International Exhibition Center has provided much needed new potential for the exhibition industry in Shanghai , becoming the birthplace of many industry definitive exhibitions in Shanghai and making acclaimed contributions to the development of Shanghai exhibition industry.With its quality exhibition facilities and excellent services,it has been the first international exhibition center in China.As a member of the exhibition industry, Shanghai International Exhibition Center is committed to perfecting its hall services to exceed customers expectations, establishing exhibition brands, enhancing our capabilities of customer service and making contributions to the development of the exhibition industry in Shanghai and China as well!作文地带提供,这些简单概括就是说 :上海世博会对上海的新发展奠定了基础,发挥了作用。要是作为上海世博会的一名成员的话,应该在力所能及的范围内去帮助世博会拥有更多项超越顾客所期待的服务,让上海世博会越发展越好.What should we do Ladies and gentlemen the World Expo is coming.What should we do as a student of Shanghai.The first ,study English hard.Millions of foreigners will visit Shanghai during 2010 World Expo.So we must study the international language harder.The second,be polite,be civilized.Do it from little things.Like do not spit sputum in rude.When you do somethings ,remember ladies first.In all,be a kind and polite man.Welcome World Expo!A time to make friends.Thanks you very much.本文来自作文地带:http:// 世博会英语作文

World Expositions are galleries of human inspirations and thoughts.Since 1851 when the Great Exhibition of Industries of All Nations was held in London, the World Expositions have attained increasing prominence as grand events for economic, scientific, technological and cultural exchanges, serving as an important platform for displaying historical experience, exchanging innovative ideas, demonstrating esprit de corps and looking to the future.世界博览会是人类文明的驿站。从1851年伦敦的“万国工业博览会”至今,世博会正日益成为全球经济、科技和文化领域的盛会,成为各国人民总结历史经验、交流聪明才智、体现合作精神、展望未来发展的重要舞台.作文地带(www.xiexiebang.com)有翻译的英语作文网

With a long civilization, China favors international exchange and loves world peace.China owes its successful bid for the World Exposition in 2010 to the support for and confidence of the international community in its reform and opening up.The Exposition will be the first registered World Exposition to be held in a developing country, which gives expression to the expectations the world’s people place on China’s future development.具有悠久东方文明的中国,是一个热爱国际交往、崇尚世界和平的国度。中国取得了2010年世博会的举办权,这将是注册类世界博览会首次在发展中国家举行,体现了国际社会对中国改革开放道路的支持和信任,也体现了世界人民对中国未来发展的瞩目和期盼。另外一篇世博会英语作文,本文是关于世博会自愿者的英语作文

Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.The World Expo has a long history but it has never been held in Asia.So the 2010 World Expo is an honor for all of the Asians.()ur government has promised that it will be the best one.And Shanghai, as a host city, will have more chances to develop quickly.As a student in Shanghai, I should learn English well so that I can be a volunteer in the Expo to help foreigners know more about Shanghai.First, I’ll say something about World Expo History.As we know, the very first World Expo, the Great Exhibition of 1851, took place in the Crystal Palace in London.UK.Ever since then, the goals of World Expos have been both high-minded as well as commercial.Visitors are able to explore the world outside of their everyday experience—outside cultures, new scientific advancements, and new inventions.World Expos have excited and inspired more and more people in the world.上海世博会范文:

On December3, 2002, the Bureau of International Expositions(or call it BIE)announced that Shanghai will host Expo2010.the BIE had received bids from five cities to host Expo2010.Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last!It’s really an exciting news for not only Shanghainese, but also all of Chinese people.Here are some details about it.世博会logo(会徽)介绍:

Look at this profile carefully.The title is “The 2010 World Exposition ,Shanghai, China ”.this is the logo.And the theme is “better city., better life”.OK, let’s guess who is the image representative? Yeah, you’re right, Yao Ming!

Shanghai Expo is the first comprehensive World Expo held in a developing country.And it is also the first one that takes “the city” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward the city development and help bring about a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on.And try to practice English more in order to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future.Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!世博会相关的词组:

中国上海2010年世博会:Eopo 2010 Shanghai China 世博会会徽: the Expo emblem 世博会会徽看起来像三个人手挽着手。The Expo emblem looks like three people holding hands.世博会将持续半年。The Expo will last six months.世博会的主题: the theme of Expo 城市,让生活更美好。Better city, better life.世博园区: the Expo Site 沿黄浦江两岸:along both sides of the Huangpu River 主题馆: the theme pavilions 中国馆:China's pavilion 东方之冠:The Crown of the East 中国成功申办2010年世博会英语作文

On December, 2002, China won the bid to hosting Expo 2010.This is the first General Exhibition hosted by a developing country;However, China has a long-standing relationship with World Expo.Chinese people have participated in World Expo since its first presence.After wining its liberation, the People’s Republic of China has taken part in 12 world expositions.Chinese exhibits won many prizes in previous world expositions.The Yisheng Wine was awarded with the gold medal at Expo 1906 Milan Italy;many others like the embroidery of the Portrait of Jesus, Gold Prize Brandy , and Mao-Tai Chiew were among the highlights at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition—San Francisco 1915.

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