胡适论留学之利弊 百年后依旧掷地有声[大全5篇]

第一篇：胡适论留学之利弊 百年后依旧掷地有声

胡适论留学之利弊 百年后依旧掷地有声

导读

胡适自幼习读国学经典，熟读四书、五经及资治通鉴等，在国内新式学校学习数年，终在1910年19岁时脱颖而出，考取政府用庚子赔款所立留学项目资助，公费留学于康奈尔，后于哥伦比亚攻读哲学博士。在100年前，尚没有越洋航班，尚没有视频通讯的年代，胡适在美国一呆就是7年，25岁方才学成回国，即刻投入新文化运动与五四运动，在接下来数年内声名鹊起，成为一时文坛豪杰。今日重读此文，叹其国学功底之深，感其西学要领之精。

百年过去了，回顾吾国吾民走过之路，尤其是近五六十载的历程，联想近日所谈“中国梦”云云，甚感唏嘘。

乃转载此百年神文一篇，与网络两头，海内外青年友人共勉。

罢。倍感沉重。

一

我有些话想说已经挺久了，可是每次话到嘴边，总是不敢讲出。但是良心受责备，我又不敢什么都不说。所谓想说而不敢说，这是懦夫的行径，也就是自欺欺人。终究还是不能沉默，于是写下这么一篇 《论留学之弊端》

我想严正地向家中父老乡亲声明：

留学的兴起，是我们国家一大耻辱!

留学的动机，应是过渡之舟楫而不是敲门之砖;

留学的过程，不仅废时伤财还事倍功半;

留学的未来，只是暂时的救急之计，而不是长远的规划。

为什么说留**的兴起是我们国家的一大耻辱呢?想当年，我们国家文明全盛的时候，泱泱大国的风范，是东亚各国的表率。从远古时期开始，尤其到了唐朝，朝鲜、日本和越南都争相派遣留学生来中国的太学研习中国经典。可是唐宋以后，我国文化就停滞不前了，到了最近一百年，国力衰弱，江河日下，几乎积重难返。也就是那时才开始知道，东亚以外，还有其他国家。当我们从梦中醒来，西方各国早就已经通过科学探索登峰造极了，为全世界创造了一个新文明，开辟了一个新天地。当这新文明的势力扫到我们这里时，掀起惊涛巨浪，可我们还想闭关锁国，结果秋风扫落叶，败得一塌糊涂。也就是那之后，我们才想到要一雪前耻，奋起直追，为了百年树人的大计，派遣学生远赴他国学习先进科学文化。于是举国上下的青年才俊都纷纷远赴重洋至欧美留学。剑桥、牛津、哈佛、耶鲁、柏林、巴黎，都成了

我国未来人才储备基地。甚至说日本这个曾经派留学生学习我们的地方，如今都是中国留学聚集之地。唉!沧海桑田，我们几千的文明古国，东亚文明的领袖，今天居然沦落到这个地步，成了西方的弟子，真是天下的一大耻辱。所以说，留**的兴起是我们国家的一大耻辱。

为什么说留学的动机，应是过渡之舟楫而不是敲门之砖呢?我们国家现在的处境是新旧文化过渡转型时期。旧文化不是不宝贵，只不过已经不合时代发展的要求了。为什么留学? 是要做摆渡新旧文明的一叶扁舟。留学生呢? 则是水手船员。乘风破浪，远赴重洋，博采众长，学成归国，取长补短。留学生的责任应该是吸取西方现代文明的精华，带回国内，结合国情有所创新，为中国创造出属于自己的新文化。这是过渡转型时期大家的历史责任。

但是现在并不是这样的。当下的留学生，一开始就没有横跨东西两文化的想法。他们为什么要留学呢?主要是认为，如今科举制度已经废除了，如果要升官发财，留学是捷径。于是就有钻各种空子公费留学的人，也有借贷筹钱私自留学的人。刚来到新国度，就已经想好了短期内回国的计划。数年后，一纸文凭收入囊中，就赶紧卷铺盖走人。回到国内从行李箱里掏出文凭一张，就换到了专家学者的头衔，既可以猎取功名富贵，还可以香车美女同拥。唉!如果是以这种方法留学，就算是中国留学生充斥满欧美的各个大学，对我国的学术文化建设依然丝毫无用。所以我说，留学的动机，应是过渡之舟楫而不是敲门之砖。

为什么我说留学的过程，不仅废时伤财还事倍功半呢?因为留学生上学的国度，授课语言都是外语，出国前不得不专门学习此门语言。然而西方语言与中文差别巨大，苦读多年也不容易有成效。就算是学英文，也至少学个四五年，才能熟练阅读流利对话。可是学习的科学知识，又不得不用英文的课本，事倍功半，更别说耗费几年的时间，也只是为了留学做准备而已。到了异国他乡之后，风俗习惯不一样，听课考试的困难，实在令人烦恼。他们本国的学生，一个小时搞定的课程，换成中国留学生，得多花一二倍的功夫和时间，这样才能成功，但即使这样，也就是和普通学生的表现差不多而已。但是想想浪费的这些精力，真是让人头大，更别说浪费的时间了。

然后我再说说浪费钱财的问题。在国内上学，最贵的也不过是上海的那几所学校。但是我在上海住了六年，每年生活费从一百大元到三百大元不等。平均算下来，每年二百五十墨元，都有剩的了。但是如今公费留学，每个月生活补助八十元，每年算下来耗费美金九百六十元，换回国内的墨银不下两千元，是在上海学习费用的八倍。光是我一年留学的花费，都可以留下来供八个人在上海读书了。而就算这样，准备四五年甚至六七年才把让一个学生做好准备留学，然而他出国后，花费额外功夫和时间，八倍于国内的开销，最后学成归国，可是这么一个海归回国以后能否为社会和国家作贡献，还不好说。所以我说留学的过程，不仅废时伤财还事倍功半。

为什么我说留学的未来，只是暂时的救急之计，而不是长远的规划呢?我们国家科学文化发展相对滞后，这是不争的事实。留学的目的，在于在外国培养人才为我国日后的发展做贡献。因为我们自己没有这些先进科学文化，所以我们不得不有求于人，今天求人教授这些知识，正是为了日后我们自己能够不用再求人。其中的耻辱和艰辛我就不说了，但如果政府认为鼓励留学是培养人才的长久之计，而不去想更好的办法的话，那么是畏难而不知耻。要真是这样，那么我们国家的文化复兴也恐怕无望了。读者们要是对我说的话质疑?请让我用事实

说明道理。

五六年前，留学生远不如今日多。而他们那个时候翻译着书反倒比今天多得去了!比如说严几道、梁卓如、马君武、林琴南一批人，他们绍介新思想、输入新文明的苦心，让人敬佩。到了今天，留学人数骤增，但是几年以来，却不见有人翻译着书。国内学生，心目中惟以留学为最高目的，故其所学，都是总用外语课本。这些留学生留学回国，有的中文根基全丧，不能着译书;有的人志在升官发财，无暇写书。结果导致完全没人写书翻译，国内就是连一本哲学科学课本都没有!唉!我们中国人当真是把留学作为百年久远之计么?如果不是，怎么着译界萧条到了今天这个地步!书藉是传播文明的利器。我们的留学生如果要为祖国输送新知识，为祖国创造新文明，一定得多着书多译书多出报。如果学者不能以本国文字求高深学问，那么除了留学外也就没有其他途径，而国内文明恐怕也没有增进的希望了吧。我每次想到这点，都不寒而栗，为我国学术文明作无限忧虑诶。所以我说留学的未来，只是暂时的救急之计，而不是长远的规划

上文所说四点，留学之性质，大概就是这样。所以说留学政策，一定要以最终无需留学为目的。此目的一日未达，则留学政策一日不得收效。

二

我绪论留学而结论说：留学之目的，在于为本国创造新文明。又说：留学应当以不留学为目的。因此，派遣留学已经有数十年之久，然而始终不能达此目的万分之一，正是留学政策之失败。

唉!我国留学政策的失败也不用遮掩了。看看日本吧?日本开始遣派留学生，与我国先后同时，但是日本留学生已经归国奋斗将他们国家建立成一个发达国家了。日本的政治体制，可谓是健全。日本的外交军事，扬名世界。日本的教育，是车夫佣人都能识字阅报。日本的文学，早已能融合新旧，形成一种新文学。日本的小说戏曲，也有佼佼者。日本的艺术，雕刻绘画都能自树一帜。如今西洋美术反倒深受其影响。日本的科学，则本国学者着作等身者殊不乏人。日本医药的进步，尤为世界所称赞。日本留学成效之卓着，大概如此。

反观我们国家，今天又如何呢?要说政治，仅有一个名不副实的共和国。要说军事，真是让世界笑话。要说文学，则旧学已扫地，而新文学尚遥遥无期。要说科学，则尤为让人痛心啊。全国今日乃无一人足称专门学者。说数学，则微积分以上级别的课本都没有。要说化学，则分析以上之学，无处可学。要说物理，则实在是凤毛麟角。至于生物学学，则名词未统一，着译维艰。按照我的所见所闻，全国这方面的专家学者也就一两个人。

这些学问，都不算高深之学，但可谓学之津梁，初学之阶梯。可是现状如此幼稚浅陋，则我国科学前途之长夜漫漫，正不知何破晓。四十年之留学政策，其成效之昭然在人耳目。我朋友任叔永曾经说我们国家今日依然没有学术界。哪里是仅仅没有学术界，就连学问都没有，更没有新文明啊。

那么留学政策之失败，到底是什么原因导致的呢?我认为大概是以下两个原因：一是政府

教育方针存在误区，还有就是当下留学生志趣卑下。

第二篇：浅谈出国留学之利弊

浅谈出国留学之利弊

面对高等教育日益开放化、多元化、国际化，我想结合这些年教育工作经验，简单谈谈自己对于出国留学的一些看法。

现今的应试制度以及教育资源分配的不平等性是我国国情决定的，必须承认中国的高校事业在今天面临三个根本问题：招生能力有限、竞争机制缺乏、培养模式单一，而教育改革也非一朝一夕可以实现，取消了中学的晚自习，却无法改变我们河南的高考分数线仍是全国之首的事实。另一方面随着我国经济发展以及改革开放的不断深入，教育的开放使出国留学也越来越普遍，成为一个新的选择。

面对这样的人生抉择，学生和家长都应该摆正心态，深入了解，选择真正适合的道路。有三点是值得思考的，首先，高考主要考察的是学生的识记能力，接受并记忆别人传授给自己的知识，而国外大学看重的是学习能力，也就是自己去研究，探索，整合知识的能力。授人以鱼不如授人以渔，我个人认为掌握学习技能比知识本身更可贵；其次，国内高校严进宽出，直接导致高考压力大，很多人没有机会享受高等教育；同时没有毕业压力和良好的学术氛围，很多大学毕业生实际能力与学识达不到应有水平。最后一点就是大家都认同的：留学国外，对学生的自理、适应、沟通、工作等能力的提升可以说是质的飞跃

如今，对于出国留学的认识很多人存在以下两大误区：

一、认为出国留学是学习成绩不好的孩子的出路。

事实上，对于不擅长国内应试方式而又肯努力充实自己的孩子，留学无疑是福音，通过努力甚至能申请到世界名校；而对于本身就擅长学习的孩子，到更广阔的教育领域中，能更容易找到适合自己的优秀学习资源。往往事半功倍、锦上添花，我认识一个孩子在国内成绩中上等，在国内能上个二类本科，但经过努力申请考上了东京大学。

二、认为只要留学，开销都是一般家庭难以企及的。

再教育国际化的大潮下，留学国家的选择也多起来。传统的英语系国家，比如澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等，费用虽较前些年有所降低，但相对仍较高，保证金普遍在人民币50万左右，一年费用也须20~30万，尤其是美国、英国。前期申办费用本身就很高，而且英语系国家的留学生政策普遍存在不平等，医疗、就业等相对本地人困难许多，还有很重要的一点就是打工限制严格，因此在外费用基本只能依靠家长供给。所以，去这些国家留学确实适合家经济实力强，而孩子又比较喜欢欧美文化的家庭。

现今新兴的一些留学国家，也有独特的一些优势，比如一些亚洲国家，尤其是日本，同样是老牌发达国家，教育水准高（国立大学自不用说，日本的私立大学在国际上也是被认可的），而所需费用相对英美少很多。同时日本针对留学生有很多优惠政策，比如公费医疗，高奖学金，最有利的是日本良好的留学生打工环境，身边去日本的孩子，一年后靠业余打工基本都可以自给自足，有些孩子还有能一定积蓄。而且，我认为去日本留学还有一些独特优势，比如语言优势，随着英语的普及，掌握小语种的人才变得更可贵，日本的大学基本都是

双语教学，所以孩子归国后能掌握日英两门外语，更多一份优势。随着中日关系不断深入发展，想必留日归国人员由于日语熟练、熟悉日本的文化和工作习惯定会有很大的发展空间。

当然任何事情都有两面性，如果仅仅为了躲避国内高考压力或者抱着享乐的心态，盲目选择留学，那就无异于挥霍钱财，浪费青春。

教育乃大计，希望家长朋友和同学们都能够冷静分析，深入咨询，量体裁衣，合理的分配金钱，精力与时间，必能投以木桃，报以琼瑶。

第三篇：出国留学的利弊论(英语){总括}

We all know it can be a frustrating and sometimes painful experience going to study in a foreign country, with its different language and culture.But while overseas study has its drawbacks, the difficulties are far outweighed by the advantages.Indeed, people who go abroad for study open themselves up to experiences that those who stay at home will never have.The most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real-life use of a different language.While a person can study a foreign language in his or her own country, it cannot compare with constant use of the language in academic and everyday life.There is no better opportunity to improve second-language during one’s studies offers a distinct advantage when one is applying for jobs back home that require the language.On a university campus, the foreign student is not alone in having come from far away.He or she will likely encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends from all around the world.This is not only exciting on a social level, but could lead to important overseas contacts is later professional life.Finally, living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world and, perhaps most important, of one’s own country.Once beyond the initial shock of being in a new culture, the sutdent slowly begins to get a meaningful under.Standing of the host society.On returning home, one inevitable sees one’s own country in a new, often more appreciative light.At last, while any anxiety about going overseas for university study is certainly understandable, it is important to remember that the benefits offered by the experience make it well worthwhile Nowadays, many people like to study abroad.Studying abroad is often considered as a great opportunity which will lead to bright future in one's ride of passage.Not only can we learn different cultures and knowledge from foreign countries, studying abroad can also enrich our lives.One coin has two sides.Likewise, different people have different minds.Conservative and negative concerns about studying abroad have been gradually emerging from our society.People start to wonder what goes wrong with studying abroad.There are a couple of issues worth of our discussions.Disadvantages of studying abroad may affect one's life culturally and economically.We Chinese will experience cultural shocks if we study abroad and live in another country.Some peers may not be able to adapt to a new environment of their studying and living, which may be very different from that of theirs.Life is beautiful, and it is hard.If one does not feel comfortable with the new culture of another country, he will not be happy about studying in that country.In addition, studying abroad can cost students a great deal of living expenses.Some Chinese students are so academically successful that they receive scholarships in their studies.However, most peers who study abroad do not receive scholarships.Furthermore, they have to deal with many unexpected hardships by living away from their parents and homeland.For example, medical insurance, daily foods, clothes, rents and transportation can generate a large amount of living expenses.Often time, they need to heavily depend on their parents' overseas monthly payments.I have discussed some benefits and disadvantages of studying abroad.Life is not easy that we know.My belief is that for those students who study abroad should build strong characters in facing of unexpected difficulties in their life.下面有列举出国留学的利弊： Should I Study Abroad?

Every year thousands and thousands of people leave the comforts of their homes to learn English in countries such as the United States, Canada, England, and Australia.Why do they do it? Many feel that by studying a language in a country where it is spoken, they will be able to learn it more quickly.Others feel that studying abroad gives them a kind of prestige in their home country.It may even lead to a better job.And quite a few people want to study abroad for the pure pleasure and excitement it brings.But living and studying in another country can also have its problems.Almost everyone experiences some level of homesickness.And a few people go home earlier than expected because their ideas about living in another country were different from reality.Is learning English abroad something you are interested in? Whether to learn a language by studying abroad is a big decision.You should be aware of what you are getting into before you start packing your bags.Disadvantages of Studying Abroad

Studying abroad does not mean you will learn English magically（如魔法般地).Many people think that they just need to live in another country and they will learn the local language.This is not completely true.You still need to pay attention and study.There are people who live in foreign countries for many, many years without knowing the language well.However, it will probably come to you easier and faster than if you just studied the language in your home country.Studying abroad can be hard.You will probably have times when you miss your family, friends, food, and everything familiar.Almost everyone goes through some culture shock.You will have to realize and accept that it will take some time to adjust to a new way of living.Studying abroad can be expensive.There is no doubt that it takes money to study abroad.It can vary from kind of expensive to very expensive.Most places don't allow international students to work.You will have to have the money before you arrive in the country or have someone from home support you.Is this something that you and/or your family can afford?

Advantages of Studying Abroad

You are surrounded by English.Yes, you need to pay attention and do some studying, but everything comes faster when you do because English is everywhere-on the streets, in the stores, on the TV-you can't get away from it.Your eyes are opened to the world.We often grow up thinking that our way of doing things is the only way, or sometimes the best way.But living in a new culture helps us realize new ways of doing things, and also helps us to see that even though we are different, we are all human.And in many cases, not only will you get to know the natives of the country you are visiting, you may get to know classmates from all over the world.You learn to take care of yourself.Living in another country, even if it is with a host family, means you might be doing things you may not have done in your home country.These include cooking, cleaning, grocery shopping, washing clothes, figuring out transportation, making living arrangements, setting up accounts for cell phones and utilities（水电费）, etc.You may think of this as a disadvantage, but many international students go home proud that they have become very self sufficient.Your life will be forever changed.One of the greatest things that happens when you do something as big as live in another country is-you become a changed person-your outlook on life is different.Your new maturity can help lead you to new places in your life.You make memories that will last a lifetime.Your pictures, journals, and souvenirs will help you remember your time abroad, but your memories and emotions of this special time will also be a part of your life until you are very old.So how can you know if studying abroad is right for you? First, start by talking to people who have already done it.Of course everyone will have his or her own experience and point of view, but it can be really helpful to hear what other people have to say.If you don't know anyone who has studied abroad, ask others about their experiences through the internet.Dave's ESL Cafe is a good place to start.If you do decide that you are interested in going abroad, take a look at websites like www.xiexiebang.com and www.xiexiebang.com to search for schools and get advice on where to go.Studying abroad can really change your life.And hopefully if you decide to do it, it will be a wonderful experience for you.The very best of luck to you.英语作文 <出国的好处与坏处> 出国留学利弊 study abroad 结合社会实际谈谈出国留学的利弊：利：1发达国家条件好，设施先进有利学习2能了解不同文化开阔视野3能锻炼独立生活能力4回国找工作有优势.弊：1语言不熟沟通困难2适应期内学习受影响3存在安全隐患4费用太高。次数130左右

1.文章要包含以上所有要点，并使行文连贯 2.可适当发挥，谈谈自己的意见 3.开头已给，不计入总词数

Nowadys,going to study abroad is popular with the Chinese students.on overseas study

Recent years, more and more Chinese people have chosen to study abroad.To this tendency, some people think it is not good, as most of the overseas learners do not come back, whereas I hold a different opinion.In my opinion, it is a good thing that more Chinese people go abroad.There are three reasons.First, the overseas learners can improve their ability through the study.They can grasp advanced technologies and their language ability can be improved as well.Second, with the rapid development of China, more and more overseas learners will choose come back, using their abundant knowledge studied abroad to serve for the motherland.The third, the government and most domestic enterprises are willing to provide favorable treatments to attract them to come back.Although some do not want to come home, we are glad to see that there are more overseas learners chosen to work at home than before.For the above reasons, I think it is not a bad thing for more and more Chinese study abroad The advantage/disadvantage of studying aboard.Studying Aboard

There is no doubt that going to study in a foreign country with its language and culture, can be a frustrating and sometimes painful experience.But while overseas study has its drawbacks, the difficulties are far outweighed by the advantages.Indeed, people who go abroad for study open themselves up to experiences that those who stay at home will never have.The most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real-life use of a different language.While a person can study a foreign language in his or her own country, it cannot compare with constant use of the language in academic and everyday life.There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.Moreover, having used the language during one’s studies offers a distinct advantage when one is applying for jobs back home that require the language.On a university campus, the foreign student is not alone in having come from far away.He or she will likely encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends from all around the world.This is not only exciting on a social level, but could lead to important overseas contacts in later professional life.Finally, living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world and, perhaps most important, of one’s own country.Once beyond the initial shock of being in a new culture, the student slowly begins to get a meaningful understanding of the host society.On returning home, one inevitably sees one’s own country in a new, often more appreciative, light.In conclusion, while any anxiety about going overseas for university study is certainly understandable, it is important to remember that the benefits offered by the experience make it well worthwhile.

第四篇：基础班作文二 出国留学之利弊

基础班作文二 出国留学之利弊

Nowadays, there is no consensus of opinions among people around us with respect to the viewpoint on studying abroad.Some persons believe that studying abroad is meaningful and exciting while others feel that it is a waste of time, energy and money.Many individuals take the attitude that studying in a foreign university is beneficial not only because these overseas students can improve their foreign language very quickly and are likely to get good jobs after they finish their studies but also because these students, in the foreign cultural background, will enjoy a completely new life style, which opens an amazing world to them and helps enrich their life experiences.On the contrary, quite a few people argue that studying abroad also has its negative effects.For one thing, the overseas students, in order to help support themselves, have to find part-time jobs, because the cost of living in a foreign country is comparatively high.For another, a totally new environment with so many different social customs and behavioral habits may also be a barrier, which is very difficult to overcome, especially for some new comers.As far as I am concerned, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.For one thing, I can gain easy access to various sources of ideas to broaden my vision.For another, my academic interest can be better cultivated in a healthy and professional atmosphere.Above all, my ambition can be fulfilled to my own heart’s desire while studying abroad.