第一篇：with的复合结构用法小结（小编推荐）
With 复合结构用法小结
“With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。具体结构如下： 1.With + 名词 + 介词短语 •
(1)He was asleep with his head on his arm.•(2)The man came in with a whip in his hand.•
在书面语中。上句也可以说成：The man came in, whip in hand.2．with + 名词 + 形容词（强调名词的特性或状态）•
(1)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。•
(2)He used to sleep with the windows open.3.With + 名词 + 副词 •
(1)With John away, we've got more room.约翰走了，我们的地方大了一些。•(2)The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the light on.4.With + 名词 +-ed 分词（强调名词是-ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生）
•(1)With this problem solved, neopenicillin 1 is now in regular production.随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已正式生产。•(2)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.5.with + 名词 +-ing分词（强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态正在进行）•
(1)I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.•(2)He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.•
(3)With the field leveled and irrigation channels controlling the volume of water(水量), no such problem arose again.6.with + 名词 + to do（不定式动作尚未发生）•
(1)So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。•(2)I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.一、with结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：
1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词；
2.with或without-名词/代词+副词；
3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；
4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：
1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）
2、With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）
5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重
要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
二、with结构的用法
在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点
1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning.→（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them.→（Her hair was gone.）
2.在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：
1.with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
2.with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）
With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）
3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点，而“介词with+名词或代词（组）”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如：
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（“with+复合宾语”结构，在句中作定语）
A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）
The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）
Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）board，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
第二篇：With复合结构的用法小结[范文]
With复合结构的用法小结
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二
部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：
1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词；
2.with或without-名词/代词+副词；
3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；
4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：
1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）
2、With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）
5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
二、with结构的用法
在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点
1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning.→（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them.→（Her hair was gone.）
2.在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：
1.with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在 句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
2.with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）
With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）
He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）
3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点，而“介词with+名词或代词（组）”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如：
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（“with+复合宾语”结构，在句中作定语）
A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）
The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）
Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）board，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
with复合结构专项练习
（一）1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.A.finished
B.finishing C.having finished
D.was finished
2.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________? A.taking
B.Take
C.taken
D.to take
3.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much.A.for
B.when
C.with
D.while
4.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.A.filled
B.filling C.to fill
D.being filled
5.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）A.finished
B.finishing C.having finished
D.was finished
6.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）
A.going on
B.goes on
C.went on
D.to go on
7._______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.（2005江西）
A.Having given up hope of cure
B.With no hope for cure C.There being hope for cure
D.In the hope of cure
8.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)
A.With
B.Besides C.As for
D/ Because of
9.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for
B.with C.from
D.of
10.______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(2000 全国卷)A.As
B.For
C.With
D.Through
答案：
1． A
2.C
3.C
4.B
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.A
9.B
10.C
第三篇：There be句型和with复合结构的用法（范文）
There be句型的用法
一、构成：
There be...句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were)+名词+地点状语。例如： 1.There are fifty-two students in our class.2.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.3.There was an old house by the river five years ago.二、各种句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not aanany + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not aan + n.（可数名词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如： 1.There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.2.There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.3.There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：
1.There is some money in her handbag.→ Is there any money in her handbag?(疑问句和否定句中，some改为any，something改为anything.)2.There is something new in today’s newspaper.→There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
特殊疑问句：
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：
① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There is a bird in the tree.→What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there.→What’s over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：
There is a computer in my office.→ Where is the computer?----It’s in my office.There are four children in the classroom.→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：
如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：
There are twelve months in a year.→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.→ How many books are there in your bag? There is a cat in the box.→ How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示： There is some money in my purse.How much money is there in
your purse?
反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如： There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there? There used to be no school here, used there did there?
三、注意事项：
1.There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如： There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如： There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.2.There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语(如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时
havehas + pp.、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点,也是历年中考试题中的一个考点.)。例如：
There must be a pen in the box.There happened to be some money in my pocket.There is going to be a meeting tonight.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church across from the bank.3.There be句型和havehas的区别：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, havehas表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如： 桌子上有三本书.There are three books on the desk.我有三本书.I have three books.4.There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语.例如： There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.四、there be 结构的高级句型： 1.There is no doubt that....毫无疑问......There was no doubt that he was telling the truth, but his mother didn’t believe him.2.There is some doubt whether...尚有疑问.....There is some doubt whether he can overcome the difficulty.3.There is no need to do sth.(=It is unnecessary to do sth.)没有必要做.....There is no need to tell such bad news to her.4.There is no sense in doing sth.做.....没有意义
There is no sense in waiting here without knowing when he will be back.5.There is no use(in)doing sth.(= It is useless to do sth.)做某事没用
There is no use crying the spilt milk.6.There is no denying...(=It is impossible to tell...)无可否认（抵赖）......There is no denying the fact that Japan invaded China.7.There is no telling...(It is impossible to tell...)无法知道......There is no telling who will win the game as both players are very excellent.练习：
1.There isn’t _____water in the glass.Let’s go and get some.A.many B.lots C.any D.some 2.There ___a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night.A.was B.had C.is D.were 3.There ____ many changes in the village recently.A.is B.are C.have been D.to be 4.---There _______a lot of meat on the plate.Would you like some?---Just a little, please.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 5.There _______ some books, a ballpen and a ruler on the desk.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 6.There _______ a ballpen, a ruler and some books on the desk.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 7.There is a boy _______at the door.A.stand
B.standing
C.stood
D.is standing 8.---_______is in the house?---There is an old women in the house.A.What
B.Whose
C.Who
D.Which 9.There used to be a tower here, _____?
A.usedn’t it B.used there C.didn’t it
D.didn’t there 10.There ____a meeting tonight.A.is going be B.is going to have C.is going to D.is going to be 翻译句子：
1.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
2.战前这儿曾经有家电影院。
3.恰好那时房里没人。
4.我家门前有一条河。
5.广州，一座拥有2200多年文明历史的古老城市，现在发展得也非常快。
6.现在不能预知未来会怎么样。
7.毫无疑问，他是总经理的最佳人选。
8.不求甚解、死记硬背课文没有意义。
9.你没有必要跟他解释此事。
10.他能否接受你的帮助尚有疑问。
11.是发达国家造成了全球变暖，这是不容否认的事实。
with+复合宾语的用法
一、所谓“with的复合结构”，即是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语一般由名词充当(有时也可由代词充当)；而宾语补足语则是根据具体的需要由形容词，副词、介词短语，分词短语(包括现在分词和过去分词)及不定式短语充当。下面结合例句就这 一结构加以具体的说明。
二、情况分类：
1、with +宾语 +形容词
① He slept well with all the windows open.(82年高考题)上面句子中形容词open作with 的宾词all the windows的补足语，② It's impolite to talk with your mouth full of food.形容词短语full of food作宾补。③Don't sleep with the window open in winter
2、with+宾语+副词
①with John away, we have got more room.②He was lying in bed with all his clothes on.③Her baby is used to sleeping with the light on.句中的on是副词，作宾语the light的补足语。
④The boy cant play with his father in.句中的副词in作宾补。
3、with+宾语+介词短语。
①We sat on the grass with our backs to the wall.②His wife came down the stairs,with her baby in her arms.③They stood with their arms round each other.④With tears of joy in her eyes ,she saw her daughter married.⑤She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides.句中介词短语on both sides作宾语 red flowersandgreen grass的宾补，⑥There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.，介词短语in front of them作宾补。
4、with+宾词+分词（短语）
这一结构中作宾补用的分词有两种，一是现在分词，二是过去分词，一般来说，当分词所表示的动作跟其前面 的宾语之间存在主动关系则用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过去分词。
①All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.②She sat with her head bent.③She did not answer, with her eyes still fixed on the wall.④The day was bright,with a fresh breeze(微风）blowing.⑤I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.⑥With winter coming on,it is time to buy warm clothes.⑦He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.⑧From space the earth looks like a huge water covered globe,with a few patches of land stucking out above the water 而在下面句子中因with的宾语跟其宾补之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补： ⑨The murderer was brought in ,with his hands tied back.但当with的复合结构中语是表示人体部位名称的名词时，作宾补用的分词是现在分词是过去分词，则应视这 一动词而定。一般来说，若此动词是及物动词则用其过去分词形式，若是不及物动词，则用其现在分词形式。
⑩An old man was lying there with his eyes shut.此句中shut是及物动词，故用其过去分词
He lay on his back with his eyes looking straight up wards.look为不及物动词，故用现在分词。
5、with+宾语+不定式短语。
①I can't go out with you, with much homework to be done.句中的宾补由to be done这一不定式的被动结构充当，表示do这一动作的将来含义或未完成之意，用其被动态则说明其与宾语之间存在被动关系。②With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived.③I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.④So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went around the school.⑤With such an experienced teacher to teach us English,we are very happy.6, with+宾语+名词
He died in the battle with his son only a ten-month-old baby.二、with的复合结构的用法: 1，在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件
①She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）②With the meal over，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）
③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）
④The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.⑤He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）
⑥He could finish it with me to help him.（with+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）⑦She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）
⑧With nothing left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（with+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）
2，With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：
①From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.②A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.③Do you know the woman with a gold necklace around her neck?
三，几点说明:
without +宾语+宾语补足语是with +宾语+宾语补足语结构的另一表现形式。①He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）②Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）③Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.(高二22课）
（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
④Without anyone noticing，I slipped out of the room.（without+代词+现在分词，作为伴随状语）
⑤Without a word more spoken，he went back home 练习：
用所给词的正确形式填空
1.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______(go)on.2.With much work _______(do), he had no time to play.3.It was a pity that the great writer died with his work ______(finish)4.I send you 100 yuan today, with the rest _____(follow)in a year.5.With the sun _____(set)down, we all went home.6.The lorry with apples ______(load)on belongs to me.7.With all the factors _______(consider), this project is a good one.用with+复合宾语结构完成句子：
1.因为你站在这里，所以我无法集中精力学习。
2.那位戴帽子的人就是我父亲。
3.有向导为我们带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。
4.他经常开着灯睡觉。
5.因为作业做完了，所以他就出去玩了。
6.一个小女孩跑进房间，鼻子冻得红红的。
7.她眼泪汪汪地离开了家乡。
第四篇：英语中跟复合结构的动词用法小结
英语中跟复合结构的动词用法小结
陕西省丹凤中学
佘君贤
在英语中,有许多能跟复合句的动词.为了学生更好的理解并掌握这些动词,现特意把这些动词做以归纳和终结.1.get get somebody to do something(使某人做某事)
get something done（使某事被做）
get somebody / something doing（使某人或某物动起来）eg: who got you to stand there?
I have got my homework finished.We must get the car running.2.make make somebody do something(让某人做某事)make oneself done(使某人自己被--)make somebody /something +adj / n
eg: A good friend is someone who makes you happy.We make him monitor of our school.The teacher spoke loudly to make himself heard.I made him stand in the corner.=he was made to stand in the corner.3.have have somebody do something（使某人做某事）
have somebody /something doing something(使某人或某物一直做某事)have somebody /something done(使某人遭遇某事或使某事被作)The teacher had him repeat what he said.The man had the candle burning all the night.He had his leg broken.4.let somebody do something(让某人做某事)5.keep somebody doing something（让某人不断的做某事）
keep somebody / something done(使某人或某物被作)keep somebody +adj /adv/ /prep phrase(使某人或某物处于某种状态)when he washes his hands , he keeps water running.The teacher kept us informed of the decision Please keep the door open /light on.6.leave somebody doing something(使某人不断的做某事)leave something done(使某事被做)leave somebody / something +n /adj / prep phrase eg: leave the door open.He was left an orphan.7.catch somebody doing something(抓住某人正在做某事)he was caught cheating in the exam.8.see / watch /listen to/ hear / notice /feel /observe+n /pron/do something(看见某人正在做某事，指的是全过程)see / watch / listen to / hear / notice /feel /observe +n /pron doing something（看见某人正在做某事，指的是动作正在进行）
see /watch / notice /listen /listen to/ hear …+somebody /something done(看见某人或某事被作)I saw him play on the playground.He saw the begger beaten to death.9.find /think/ consider / make / believe+it +adj+to do/doing /that clause eg.He finds it difficult to learn a foreign language.10.consider consider somebody to be consider somebody to do something/ to be doing something /to have done something consider somebody to do something(认为某人要做某事)consider somebody to be doing something(认为某人正在做某事)consider somebody to have done something(认为某人以作过某事)练一练
1.Cabbage is considered to____the first computer in the world.A.invent
B.be inventing
C.have invented
D.have been invented 2.Don’t leave the water ____)while you brush your teeth.A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.being run 3.He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into his pocket of a passenger.A.put
B.to be putting
C.to put
D.putting 4.Seeing the road ___ with snow, we had to speed the holiday at home, watching TV.A.blocking
B.blocked
C.to block
D.to be blocked 5.A cook will be immediately fired if he’s found ___ in the kitchen.A.smoke
B smoking
C.to smoke
D.smoked
第五篇：英语独立主格结构用法小结
英语独立主格结构用法小结
非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语, 从而在结构上与主语不发生关系, 我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。其实, 所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立, 它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中, 非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。请看下面的例子：
Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(不定式)such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系, 即 Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后, 他母亲开始给他讲故事。(现在分词)He seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的逻辑主语he, 即 When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙, 他只好步行去学校。(过去分词)the key 是 lost 的逻辑主语, lost 也可以用完成式having been lost，即 Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.1、不定式独立主格结构
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中, 动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来, 他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)——Will you go to the concert tonight? ——Sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.你今晚去听音乐会吗？
对不起, 有这多的作业要批, 我真的抽不出时间。
(Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time.)
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干, 每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(The four of us agreed on a division of labor and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树, 花和草后, 我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
2、现在分词ing形式独立主格结构
动词的-ing形式作各种状语时, 其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，ing 的独立结构相当于一个状语从句。
Being ill, he went home.(As he was very ill, he went home.)由于生病, 他回家了。
Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.(When he had seated himself at the desk...)在课桌旁坐好后, 他开始看杂志
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.(When everyone was ready...)每个人都准备好后, 老师开始上课。
The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.(After everyone was seated...)每个人坐好后, 主席开始开会。
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.(Because the boy led the way)
由那个男孩带路, 我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.(As many eyes were watching him)许多眼睛看着他, 他感到有点儿紧张。
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.(If time permits...)时间允许的话, 我们下星期将进行一次野炊。My health allowing, I will work far into the night.(If my health allows....)
我的健康许可的话, 我愿工作到深夜。
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.(and each wears a card in front of his chest)
学生们快乐地在学校里走着, 每个人胸前都带着一张卡。The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.(and his eyes were looking at the sky)男孩躺在草地上, 眼睛看着天空。
注意：系动词be 也可以用分词形式的独立结构。例如： It being National Day today, the streets are very crowded.(As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.)今天是国庆节, 街上很拥挤。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.(As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.)没有别的事可讨论, 我们都回家了。
3、过去分词-ed形式的独立主格结构
如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话, 就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的, 英语初学者也能看懂。
(As the book was written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.)The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高, 他们工作得更起劲了。
(As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.)He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲, 眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.)The task completed, he had two months' leave.任务完成以后, 他休了两个月的假。
(When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.4、非谓语动词独立结构析比较
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生, 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束, 动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried, many things to settle.经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理, 而且是由经理本人来处理, 用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了, 用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭, 一边看电视。(两个动作同时进行)
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了, 小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后, 饭已做好, 小孩才去睡觉的)
二、无动词独立主格结构
在含有being 的独立主格结构中, being 往往可以被省去。这种省去being的结构, 称之为无动词独立主格结构。
1、逻辑主语+名词
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛, 年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。(the youngest being a boy of 12 省去了being)
注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略, 一是在“There being + 名词”结构中, 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车, 我们只好走回家。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.因为是星期日, 所有办公室都关门。
2、逻辑主语+形容词
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪地转向我。
(his eyes being sleepy 省去了being, 等于He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.)He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里, 嘴张得大大的。
(his mouth being wide open，等于He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.)
3、逻辑主语+副词
School over, we all went home.放学了, 我们都回家了。
(school being over，等于= School was over, and we all went home.)He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在课桌旁, 没穿鞋子。(his shoes being off，等于He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.)
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.他站在黑板面前, 背对着我们。
(He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.)The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.新老师面带微笑走了进来。
(The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.)The teacher came into the classroom, a rule in his hand.老师走进教室, 手里拿着一把直尺。
(The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.)提示：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”的独立主格结构里, 如果名词用单数, 可以不用冠词, 同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。例如：
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口, 手里拿着一把小提琴。(a violin in his hand.)
三、with / without 引导的独立主格结构
在上面所讲的独立结构前，都可以加上介词with / without，构成了“with / without +宾语+宾语的补足语”的独立主格结构形式。例如：
1、with+名词、代词、形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中, 衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在with 的独立主格结构中, 也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。例如：
With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望, 老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名, 儿子不想读书。
2、with+名词代词、副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时, 我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前, 小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.3、with+名词代词、介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口, 手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前, 嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.4、with+名词代词、动词的-ed形式
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了, 彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了, 火车开始起动了。= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成, 我不敢回家。
= I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished.5、with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围, 那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来, 没有人知道它在哪里。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候, 从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.6、with+名词代词、动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做, 小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观, 小孩很激动。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.[注意] 在with / without 的复合结构中, 多数情况下with 能省略, 但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。(without不能省略)
四、独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构在句中除了能充当各种状语外, 还能作定语。在形式上, “独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾, 并通常用逗号与主句隔开。
1、作状语
独立主格结构作状语, 其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。(1)表示时间
Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降临, 我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后, 他们才开始吃饭。
(= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.)With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后, 格雷斯打的回家了。
(After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.)(2)表示原因
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决, 新当选的总统日子不好过。
(= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.)
There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了, 他只好步行回家。
(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)(3)表示条件
Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话, 我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。
(= If weather permits, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.)
All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后, 你可以休息。
(=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.)
Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果从各方面考虑, 你的计划似乎更实际些。
(= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.)
[注意] 表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首, 并且不能保留连词。
【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下课了, 学生都离开了教室。
【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出来了, 他们继续赶路。(4)表示伴随情况或补充说明
The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着, 手里拿着根手杖。
(= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.)
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来, 手被捆在背后。
(=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.)
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生, 其中许多是儿童。
(Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.)
2、作定语
独立主格结构作定语, 其功能相当于一个定语从句。
He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的复合结构作定语, 修饰the student)他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。
= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的复合结构作定语, 修饰bottle)你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。
= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语, 修饰the road)
= He was walking along the road that didn誸 have any street lights on its both sides.[注意] 在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是, 不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。
If you stand on the top of the mountain, the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。(不要改为独立主格结构)If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔细检查试卷的话, 有些错误是可以避免的。(不要改为独立主格结构)
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