四川概况导游词

第一篇：四川概况导游词

四川是中国西南地区的一个内陆大省，地处长江上游。全省面积48．5万平方公里，在全国各省、市、区中名列第5位(仅次于新疆、西藏、内蒙、青海)，人口8500万，仅次于河南、山东，是中国第三人口大省。主要民族有汉、藏、彝、羌、回、苗等53种，其中人口在5000人以上的少数民族有13种，是中国第二大藏族聚居区，最大的彝族聚居区。

四川虽不靠海，又不沿边，对外交通相对闭塞，但战略地位十分重要。

在国内，只要是受过中等教育的人，一提到四川就会立即想到：啊，那是“天府之国”’一个古老又富饶的地方!外国人了解四川，恐怕以下三个因素起了重要作用：一是当代世界伟人、中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的总设计师邓小平就出生在四川；二是四川的西昌卫星发射基地不仅把中国的卫星送上了天，而且还把美国生产的卫星送上了太空，这不得不使许多外国人对四川另眼相看。三是四川是大熊猫的故乡。为使外省人或外国人更透彻地认识四川，我在这里给导游先生(女士)们说说四川的古今梗概。

天府之国历史悠久

在远古时代，四川为巴、蜀两个国家统治着，过去一般认为是在商周时期(即公元前11世纪至前5世纪)建立的国家。现根据广汉三星堆出土的文物推断，早在4000年前，蜀人就已经在川西平原建立起了奴隶制国家。《华阳国志》说：“蜀之为国，肇于人皇，至黄帝，为其子昌意娶蜀山氏之女，生子帝喾，封其支庶于蜀，世为侯伯、历夏、商、周，武王伐封，蜀与焉”。

以前认为，这一记载多根据传说，不一定可信。三星堆文物的出土，人们才相信，蜀国的历史至少应向前推1000年。

“蜀”的名称最早见于商代的甲骨文。蜀的祖先据说是生活在黄河中上游的古代羌族的一支，他们沿岷江流域南迁进人四川盆地，被称为“氐族”，并在成都平原建立了自己的国家，传说中最早称王的是蚕丛和鱼凫，以后是柏灌。到了杜宇王朝，正是中国的西周时期；开明王朝则是中原的春秋战国时期，公元前316年，泰国趁蜀国和巴国发生战争之机，派大将司马错率军南下，一举灭掉了蜀国和巴国，使四川地区统一于中华帝国的版图之内，古代蜀国的历史就此结束。此后，又因历代帝王都将统治巴蜀的最高治所设在成都，而成都为古蜀都，“蜀”也就成了四川地区的地简称。因此，三国时，刘备占据四川称帝，史称“蜀汉”；五代时，王建和孟知祥先后占据四川称帝，史称“前蜀”和“后蜀”。

关于“蜀”名称的来历，史书记载中有两种说法：一说蜀就是蚕，是因古蜀王蚕丛教民栽桑养蚕，使四川成为中国最早养蚕的地方，因而得名。另一种说法是，蜀是一种形态象蚕、但能螫人的毒虫，因此“蜀”很可能是商朝统治者对蜀人的一种贱称。

巴族的记载最早见于殷墟甲骨文，叫“巴方”，大约生活在今陕西省汉水流域，以后逐渐向东南方向迁移，进入今湖北清江流域和四川东部(大部分在今重庆市境)。关于“巴”名称的来历说法不一：有说是因川东两条河流的形状而得名；有说是川东盛产的一种植物“巴茅”而得名；还有以虫、蛇之属来解释的。另有一种说法是：古代巴人居石穴，川东人称石为巴，因此得名。巴国建国的时间不详，春秋战国时期经常与楚国发生战争，因此都城不断迁徒，合川、丰都、阆中、重庆都作过都城，以重庆的时间最长。

秦灭巴、蜀后，在四川推行郡县制，在原巴蜀地区设置了巴郡和蜀郡。汉初增设了广汉郡，·汉武帝元封5年(前106年)，在全国设13刺史部，四川地区为益州部。三国末年，魏灭蜀后，分割益州，另置梁州。两晋和南北朝时期一直沿用梁、益二州建制。

唐太宗贞观元年(公元627年)，废除州、郡制，改益州为剑南道，梁州为山南道。唐玄宗开元23年(公元735年)，剑南道又分为剑南西川节度和剑南东川节度，“川”字开始在四川地区区划名称中出现。

宋朝为加强中央集权，对州县大加减并，宋军灭掉后蜀政权后设置西川路，开宝6年(公元973年)，又分设峡西路；太平兴国六年(公元981年)，又将西川路和峡西路合并为川峡路；宋真宗咸平4年(公元l001年)，将川峡路一分为四，目p益州路(后改成都府路)，梓州路(后改潼川路)、利州路(州治广元)、夔州路(州治奉节)，合称为川峡四路，简称“四川”路，这就是“四川”一名的由来。

元朝在各地设置行中书省，川峡四路全并成四川行中书省，“四川省”名自此问世。

明、清时期，四川省建制未变，疆域已达川西高原和凉山地区。

民国时期，四川形成军阀割据局面，行政建制极不统一。1935年，蒋介石势力进人四川后，把四川划分为18个行政督察专员区及西康行政督察区；1939年，又将西康督察区和四川的17、18督察区合并为西康省，实行川、康分治，直到1955年撤销西康省，将金沙江以东地区划归四川，四川省的西部省界最后确定下来。1997年3月，重庆市升格为中央直辖市，并将涪陵、万县二市和黔江地区划归重庆。划归重庆市的土地面积共8．2万平方公里，人口3002万。

现在的四川省共有21个地区(市、州)辖县(县级市、区)128个。

四川为何被称为“天府之国”?

四川被称为"天府之国”由来已久。这是由于它自身所处的独特地理位置和优越的自然环境所决定的，主要是：

1．历史上所说的“天府之国”主要是指四川盆地，并不包括现今的川西高原和川西南山地。四川盆地土地肥沃，气候温和、雨量充沛，特别是秦朝修建了都江堰水利工程之后，成都平原成了“水旱从人，不知饥馑”的“天府之土”，因而，成都平原成了中国历史上农业和手工业都十分发达的地区，成了中央王朝的主要粮食供给基地和赋税的主要来源，故称“天府”。

2．四川盆地周围都是崇山峻岭，交通闭塞，古称“四塞之国”，在冷兵器时代，它具有易守难攻的特殊战略地位，因而避免了历史上很多次战争的破坏，得到了一个相对安定的社会环境，这就更有利于它社会经济的发展。历史上许多有眼光的战略家，如张良、诸葛亮等都把四川当作可以立国的根基之地。唐朝中期和晚期，关中发生战乱时，唐玄宗和唐僖宗都是逃到四川成都避乱，当时的成都，在他们眼里正是一片笙歌宴舞之地，当然就要被称为“天府之国”了。

那么，“天府之国”的名称到底是怎么得来的?据考证，“天府”一词最早见于《周礼》，本是一种官名，其职责是“掌祖庙之守藏，与其禁令。凡国之玉镇、大宝藏器焉，若有大祭大丧，则出而陈之，既事而藏之”。可见，“天府”是专门保管国家珍宝、库藏的一种官史，后人用以来比喻自然条件优越，形势险固，物产富饶的地方。最早见于文字记载的是《战国策·秦策》中记述纵横家苏秦对秦惠王说的一段话：“大王之国，田肥美，民殷富，战车万乘，奋击百万，沃野千里，蓄积饶多，地势形变，此所谓天府，天下之雄国也”。秦末汉初，张良在论证定都关中时说：“关中左崤函，右陇蜀，沃野千里，此所谓金城千里，天府之国也”（《史记·《留侯世家》）。

以上说的“天府之国”主要是指关中平原是富庶之地。历史上最早称四川为“天府”出自诸葛亮的《隆中对》：“益州险塞，沃野千里，天府之土，高祖因之，以成帝业”。汉代的益州包括今四川盆地和汉中盆地。晋代著名史学家常璩在所著《华阳国志》中称：“蜀沃野千里，号称“陆海”，旱则引水浸润，雨则杜塞水门，故记曰：水旱从人，不知饥馑，时无荒年，天下谓之天府也”。

“天府之国”在历代文人学者笔下逐渐成了四川盆地的代名词，后来还进入了中学教科书，因而成为家喻户晓的一条地理常识。巴山蜀水风光无限四川的地势与中国的地势相拟：西高东低。长江自西向东横贯而过，黄河亦在川西北挂角而去。四川西部被称为川西高原，是青藏高原的边缘部分，高寒少雨，地广人稀；东部为四川盆地，面积达16．2万平方公里，是著名的中国四大盆地(其他三个盆地分别是：塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地)中最富饶多姿的一个。

四川盆地的边缘由东边的巫山，南边的大娄山、大凉山、西边的邛崃山、岷山、北边的大巴山、米仓山等连结而成。境内的河流大都从这些山地中流出汇入长江。因大巴山、巫山、大娄山界内属古代巴国地域，以山地、丘陵为主；以成都平原为中心为古蜀地域，四川的主要河流大都从这里经过流人长江，故历史上习惯于把四川的山水简称“巴山蜀水”。

古人说：“天下山水之观在蜀”，巴山蜀水，绚丽多姿，自古为文人学士所景仰。且盆地四周山脉构造各异，景观独特。盆地东缘山脉——巫山山脉，现属重庆市地域，中国最大的河流长江自西向东横切巫山，形成举世闻名的长江三峡，壮丽多姿，被称为中国的山水画廊。盆地南缘山脉，指宜宾到奉节的长江以南山地，主要山脉有大娄山、七曜山、武陵山等，是境内峰林、溶洞、槽谷、落水洞，暗河等岩溶地貌发育最典型的山地。区域内有金佛山、四面山，蜀南竹海风景区、兴文石海洞乡，筠连溶洞，重庆的万盛石林、武隆溶洞等岩溶地貌景观。盆地西缘山脉——龙门山、邛崃山。龙门山是广元到都江堰市之间、岷江以东许多山脉的总称，主要山脉有九顶山、茶坪山和龙门山，属岷山的东南延伸部分，是一条褶皱断块山脉，也是四川各时代地层发育最全的山脉。境区内有九峰山、莹华山风景区，龙池国家森林公园等自然景观和唐家河自然保护区。龙门山还是岷江和沱江的天然分水岭。

邛崃山是都江堰市到天全县一线岷江以西山地的总称，主要山脉有巴朗山、夹金山和二郎山等，是四川盆地和青藏高原的天然地理分界线和农业界线：东部为农业区，西部为半农半牧区。这里有冰川分布，生息着大熊猫、金丝猴等珍稀动物，有著名的卧龙、蜂桶寨、喇叭河等自然保护区；有青城山、西岭雪山、峨眉山、蒙山、夹金山等风景名胜区和瓦屋山国家森林公园。盆地北缘山脉——米仓山和大巴山，总称大巴山脉，是秦岭的东南分支，是四川盆地和汉中盆地的界山，也是嘉陵江和汉水的分水岭。大巴山东西绵延500多公里，故有“千里巴山”之称，是四川盆地北部的天然屏障，它阻止了北方的冷空气南侵，对四川盆地冬暖春早气候的形成起了重要作用。区域内有以溶洞景观为主的诺水河风景区和以奇峰峡谷为主要景观的光雾山风景名胜区。大巴山还是古代四川通向中原的陆路交通要道，保留至今的还有金牛道、五丁峡、明月峡栈道，以及米仓道、陈仓道等古战场遗迹。

川西高原山地有：大凉山，介于四川盆地与川西南山地之间，是大、小凉山的总称，是我国东部湿润亚热带气候和西部干湿交替亚热带气候的分界线，因而东西的动植物区系截然不同，东北坡产大熊猫，有大风顶自然保护区和螺髻山、泸山等风景名胜区，又是我国最大的彝族聚居区。

沙鲁里山，位于甘孜、凉山州西部，是金沙江和雅砻江的天然分水岭。主要山脉有雀儿山、索龙山、海子山、木拉山等，南北绵亘500—600公里，向南伸入云南境内，东西宽200多公里，是四川最长、最宽的山系。这里是四川冰川、湖群最集中的地区，仅理塘至稻城间就有400多个。被誉为“最后的香格里拉”的亚丁自然保护区就在稻城县境内。

大雪山，位于甘孜州东部，是大渡河和雅砻江的分水岭，由北向南有党岭山、折多山、贡嘎山、紫眉山等，南北延伸400多公里，是横断山系主要山峰之一。贡嘎山主峰海拔7556米，是四川最高的山峰，被称为“蜀山之王”，也是古冰川发育最完全的山地。著名的贡嘎山风景名胜区，海螺沟冰川公园是中外游客向往之地。大雪山是四川境内重要的地理分界线，东部西部的地貌、气候、农业和民族都有很大差别，四川西部的所谓“关内”和“关外”以此山为界。

岷山，位于四川西北部川甘两省边境，南北长500多公里。四川境内是岷山的中南段，主要山脉有红岗山、羊拱山、鹧鸪山、雪宝顶等。岷山中高山湖泊甚多，著名的有九寨沟、黄龙牟尼沟等。另有四姑娘山风景名胜区。还有唐家河、王朗、白河、白水河等6个大熊猫自然保护区。岷山还是岷江、涪江、白龙江(嘉陵江上源)和黄河支流白河、黑河的分水源地。

四川西部高原山地是红军长征走过的地方，现大渡河边、夹金山脊、大雪山、红原草地、千里岷山都留下了不少红军长征遗迹。因此，中央在松潘川主寺修建了红军长征纪念碑园。这里是“重走长征路”旅游线路最惊险、绝妙的地段。

四川境内河流众多，有大小河流近千条，主要河流水系有：金沙江水系。金沙江是四川同西藏的界河，四川境内的流域面积有20万平方公里，是一条峡谷型河流，水能资源约占整个长江的43％，流域内的森林蓄积量占四川的48％。也是省内自然生态保存完好和藏民族风情独特的地区。其中最大的支流雅砻江，全长1500公里（四川境内1375公里），由于河床狭窄、岸陡谷深，水力资源十分丰富。在攀枝花市境内建成的二滩电站是中国目前最大的水力发电站，所形成的二滩水库是目前四川最大的内陆湖，已成为水上旅游场地。

岷江水系。岷江发源于岷山弓杠岭和郎架岭，全长735公里，也是长江上游最大的一条支流，都江堰以上为上游，水力资源丰富，茂县、汶川一带为羌族聚居区；都江堰至乐山为中游，是成都平原主要灌溉水系；乐山至宜宾为下游，以航运为主。岷江有大小支流90余条，最大的支流大渡河，全长1150公里，比岷江正流还长415公里，水力资源十分丰富，是四川漂流旅游的主要河流。还有青衣江，古称平羌江，沿途多风光名胜，著名的有碧峰峡、中岩风景区及平羌江小三峡等景观。沱江水系。沱江又名外江、中江，因《史记》“岷山导江，东别为沱”的记述而得名，沱江上游有绵远河、石亭江、湔江三个源头，均发源于九顶山。沱江进入成都平原后，由岷江水系分出的柏条河、青白江于金堂汇入沱江，所以沱江与岷江被称为“双生”河流，金堂以上为上游，资中以下为下游，最后在泸州注入长江，全长702公里。沱江的主要支流有10条，流域面积约3万平方公里。沱江主要流经盆地丘陵地区，是古蜀文化最集中地域之一，主要有广汉三星堆遗迹，成都附近的三国蜀汉遗迹、资中古城、自贡恐龙、盐都遗迹等。

嘉陵江水系。嘉陵江古称阆水、渝水，嘉陵一名出自陕西省西凤县的嘉陵谷。上源有白龙江、西汉水。白龙江发源于四川若尔盖县的郎木寺，西汉水发源于秦岭，略阳两河口以下称嘉陵江，两江在昭化汇合，全长l120公里，流域面积16万平方公里，流经广元、南充、广安，到重庆市注入长江。昭化以上为上游，昭化至合川段为中游。嘉陵江支流众多，最大的两条是涪江和渠江。涪江发源于岷山雪宝顶，流经绵阳、德阳、遂宁、广安等川中丘陵地区，全长700公里；渠江发源于大巴山，又称潜水，流经巴中、达州，至渠县三汇镇始称渠江，全长720公里；两江均于合川与嘉陵江汇合。嘉陵江是四川水路运输的主要河流，仅干流流经的13个县市的运输量即占四川内河航运量的1/4。嘉陵江流域是四川古蜀道遗迹和三国蜀汉遗迹分布最集中的区域，是四川北部和东部的一条重要旅游线路。

巴蜀大地资源富集四川是中国资源最富集的省份之一，可称为中国西部的资源大省。就土地资源而言，四川的耕地、林地、草地、水面资源在全国都占有比较重要的位置。其中，耕地面积456.04万公顷，是中国著名的粮食生产基地和经济作物生产基地；林地面积约占土地面积的30%左右，森林主要分布于江河上游。从1963年开始，四川经过30多年的努力，已建成森林和野生动物类型的自然保护区40处，总面积233.4万公顷，占全省土地面积的4.81%。全省森林蓄积量13.9亿立方米，占全国的1/6，是中国第三大林区。四川的草原、草坡面积约1600多万公顷，特别是西部的红原、若尔盖草原是中国五大牧区之一。

就动物资源而言，全省有维管束植物9000多种，约占全国的1/3，是一个天然基因库；动物资源中仅脊椎动物就有1100多种，约占全国的40%；鸟类和珍稀动物约占全国的一半。资源植物全省有4000种以上。

其中，中药材品种多、产量大，是中国三大中药材生产基地之一。珍贵植物达100种以上，水杉、银杉、珙桐、树蕨等被称为植物中的“活化石”；珍稀动物有大熊猫、金丝猴、牛羚等，其中大熊猫还是四川的特产动物，四川因此被称为“熊猫的故乡”。

四川的水能资源十分丰富，蕴藏量达1.5亿千瓦，仅次于西藏，居中国第二位；可开发的水能资源量1.1亿千瓦，占中国总量的24%，居中国首位。

四川也是中国矿产资源最富集的省份之一,，有“世界地质博物馆”的雅称。目前已找到的矿产有132种，已探明工业储量的有94种。四川矿产蕴藏的特点是：相对集中且伴生矿多，在地区范围内矿种组合好、配套程度高。其中，钒、钛、钙、芒硝、萤石、天然气、硫铁矿储量居中国第一位。攀西地区是黑色，有色金属和稀土矿的集中产地。

四川还是中国的旅游资源大省。全省有黄龙、九寨沟两处风景区被列入世界自然遗产名录（截至目前为止，全国只有3处）；峨眉山、乐山大佛被列入世界自然和文化双遗产名录（截至目前为止，全国也只有4处）；另有青城山、都江堰正在申报世界自然和文化遗产。目前四川有全国重点风景名胜区9处(全国有120处)，是全国重点风景名胜区最丰富的省分之一；有国家级文物保护单位40处；有国家历史文化名城7座；另有省级风景名胜区44处，省级文物保护单位300个。

天府之土经济繁荣

四川是中国经济开发较早的地区之一，尤其是成都平原，自古就是中国的粮仓。远古时期，四川人就学会了栽桑养蚕，到汉代，成都的织锦业已发展成专门的手工业，国家设有专门官吏管理织锦业，蜀锦成为朝庭的主要贡品，并通过丝绸之路远销到中亚和地中海一带；四川的制盐业、冶铁业在汉代已具有相当规模。隋唐时期，四川的粮食生产已自给有余，据史书记载，武德二年“运剑南米，以实京师”，又以“剑南义仓米百万石救饥人”。

经济作物方面，四川的葶麻种植已具有相当规模，仅贡麻织品就有绵布、葛布、筒布、弥牟布等很多品种；四川是茶叶生长的发源地之一，很早就发明了烘焙之法，境内名茶辈出，尤以蒙顶的石花号称第一，有“扬子江中水、蒙山顶上茶”之誉；制盐业、造纸业在汉唐时期已很发达，当时四川生产的黄、白麻纸供朝庭书写文书和诏书的专用纸，成都制的蜀笺纸更是闻名全国。经济的发展使四川成为历代王朝的重要经济基地。据唐代陈子昂的《蜀州安危疏》称：“国家有巴蜀，是天府之藏，自陇西及河西诸州，军国所资，邮驿所给，莫不取办于蜀，此诚国之珍府”。

宋元时期，四川的农业、手工业都得到进一步发展，织锦业出现了官营的织锦工场；随着制纸业的发展，出现了雕板印刷业；井盐开采技术方面发明了卓筒井的凿井工艺，使用了冲击式钻头。商业更加发达，成都每月都有专业市场，并出现了商业资本。明清时期，四川经济发展的特点是：生产品种和经济门类不断增多，普遍开始种棉花；矿业方面，除铁的生产外，金、银、铜的开采业也发展起来；丝织业出现了地域分工，资本主义萌芽性质的手工工场具备了相当规模；商业资本开始渗入到手工业部门。

四川现代经济发展的特点是：经济总量指标较高，在中国尤其是西部地区占有举足轻重的地位，经济总量占西部l0省、市、区总量的1/3。但四川有8000多万人口，所以人均水平仍然较低，贫困地区数量不小。

四川最突出的经济成果是解决了8000多万人的吃饭问题。粮食总产量占中国西部10省、市、区总和的1/3以上，人均粮食占有量保持在400公斤以上。四川还是中国经济作物生产基地之一，农产品除满足本省需求外，还有粮食、油料及其他经济作物产品大量外销，其中尤以猪肉外调约占全国的l/3左右，一时有“川猪安天下”之说。

四川的主要粮食生产基地是川西平原的温江等23个县，粮食总产量约占全省的14％；棉花生产基地则是川中和川北的金堂、中江等19个县(市、区)，其总产量占全省的90％以上；甘蔗生产基地集中在内江、南克、攀枝花的20余县(市、区)，其产量占全省70％以上；油菜生产集中在川西平原；芝麻生产集中在达州和宜宾等地；烤烟生产在凉山、宜宾；畜牧业则主要在川西高原牧区。

四川现代工业发展的第一次高潮是抗日战争时期，由于四川易守难攻的地理位置而成为中国的大后方，不少兵工厂由沿海迁入，部分私营企业也迁入四川，壮大了四川的经济基础；这一时期，四川的工业主要集中在重庆市。四川工业发展的第二次高潮是新中国成立后的“一五”和“二五”时期，当时国家把建设重点放在成、渝两市；“二五”时期，工业建设项目逐步向铁路沿线和长江两岸分布，但成渝两市的工业总产值仍占全省的60％以上。

四川工业发展的第三次高潮是60年代的“三线”建设时期。当时，国家从战备需要考虑，把从沿海到内地的中国大陆划分为一、二、三线地区，决定重点建设三线，四川作为三线建设的重点地区，大量的工业企业、军工企业（后均转为民用产品生产）和科研机构迁入，从而奠定了四川雄厚的工业基础。工业布局也在盆地内部全面展开，彻底改变了工业布局畸形发展的状况，成渝两地的工业总产值在全省所占比例进一步下降，并涌现了一批新兴工业城市，如宝成铁路沿线的广元、绵阳、江油、德阳、广汉；成渝铁路线上的资阳、内江、简阳；成昆铁路线上的乐山、西昌、攀枝花；襄渝铁路线上的达川、万源；以及长江沿岸的宜宾、白贡、泸州等。

唐代是四川石窟艺术发展的鼎盛时期，保留到现在的还有广元千佛崖、皇泽寺摩崖石刻、巴中南龛石窟、安岳石刻、夹江千佛崖、乐山大佛等。

宋元时期也是四川文化名人辈出的时代，《宋史》所载蜀人入列传的就有185人之多，其中最耀眼的明星当是苏氏父子，特别是苏轼，被称为一代文豪。史学界也出现了范祖禹、范镇、李焘、费著等几位大史学家，著名史书《资治通鉴》、《续资治通鉴长编》、《新唐书》、《民族谱》、《成都志》等都凝聚着他们毕生的心血。宋代四川还有画家文同、医学家唐慎微、数学家秦九韶等出类拔萃的人物。

明清时期，四川虽没有出现唐宋时期那样有名望的人物，但也出了不少人才，如文学、戏剧界的杨慎、费密、彭端叔、李调元、张问陶；思想家唐甄、刘光弟；书画家竹禅、赵熙；科学家张鹏翻、张宗法等。

当今的四川是中国的科研和教育基地。这里有举世闻名的西昌卫星发射基地，有中国最大的受控热核聚变装置——中国环流器一号，有中国西部的“硅谷”——绵阳科学电子城。

四川拥有科技人员113万，其中，中国科学院、中国工程院院士36名，科技队伍阵容名列中国前茅。中国测试技术研究院成都分院是中国西部规模最大的先进计量测试机构。中国工程物理研究院、中国空气动力研究与发展中心、中国燃气涡输研究所、西南磁学研究所等，是中国重要的高科技研究机构。此外，四川还有200多所独立的科研机构和6800多所民营科研机构。在高新技术的研究与开发上，四川实施了新兴产业工程和改造传统产业工程并举的方针，目前正全面实施的“千亿工程”，即是到本世纪末通过发展科技产业和推进科技成果在全社会的应用，实现产值一千亿元人民币。

目前四川的教育是以近5万所小学，4500多所中学作保证的九年义务教育为基础，占四川人口10％的青少年都能进校接受义务教育。求职以后的成人亦可进入50多所成人高校接受成人高等教育。400多所职业学校所进行的职业技术教育则将教育与社会经济发展最紧密地结合起来。全省的42所普通高等学校中，有中国目前规模最大的高等学府——四川大学，有中国著名的华西医科大学、西南交通大学、成都电子科技大学等。

西部大开发四川怎么办

中国政府提出的西部大开发战略，给四川今后的经济和社会发展提供了一个良好的机遇，同时也面临着一场严峻的挑战。四川在全国特别是西部地区所处地位十分重要，它既是中国东部向西部延伸的前沿，又是联系中国西南和西北的重要桥梁和纽带。四川的经济总量在西部起举足轻重的作用，但与东部地区相比差距很大；四川是长江上游重要的生态屏障，而目前的生态环境形势问题不少；四川还是中国优势资源的富集区之一，许多资源还有待开发；四川又是拥有高科技和国防尖端工业优势的中国可靠战略基地，如何发挥这一优势，促进四川经济大发展，还有许多工作要做。

根据中央西部大开发战略，省委、省政府制定的今后10年发展目标是：建成中国西部经济强省和长江上游生态屏障，经济社会协调发展，努力实现新的跨越。其中几项战略性的指标是：到2010年，全省1、2、3产业的比重将由现在的25：42：33达到15：45：40；全省城市化的水平达到30％以上；全省的森林覆盖率达到30％；人口自然增长率控制在0.7%以内；全省高速公路通车里程达到2000公里；1、2、3级公路达到1.3万公里。2005年，全省通讯光缆铺设达到10万公里；交换机容量2700万门；固定电话用户达1900万户；电话普及率达21.9％。

为实现上述目标，四川加速开发的重点是：1．适度超前地进行基础设施建设：即大力开展以公路为中心的交通基础设施建设；加快电网、气网、通讯网、广播电话网的建设；加强水利基础设施建设。2．切实加强生态环境建设。主要工作是：搞好天然林保护工程；认真贯彻执行中央退耕还林还草工程；坚定不移地实施生态综合治理；加快水污染和大气污染治理的进度。3．着力培育旅游支柱产业，努力建设旅游大省。

主要工作是：进一步完善旅游发展规划；改善旅游基础设施条件；发挥旅游产业的带动作用；切实提高旅游业全行业管理水平和服务质量。4．大力推进优势资源的开发利用。水资源的开发，争取国家实施“西电东送”、“南电北送”的战略；生物资源的开发，搞好深度加工，形成产业优势；搞好天然气资源开发，争取把四川建成全国的天然气化工基地；优势矿产资源的开发，重点是钒、钛资源和稀土资源的综合利用。5．进一步实施产业结构的战略性调整，主要工作目标是：进一步调整国有经济结构；积极培育和壮大支柱产业和新兴产业；加速发展高科技术产业；调整改造传统产业；大力发展第三产业，以及加快国防尖端工业发展等。

第二篇：四川经典导游词

乐山大佛

The city of Leshan is less than one hour's ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt.Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world.You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddha's ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a picnic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddha's presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen.Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving.Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,“I'd rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,”The official shouted in anger,“gouge your eye out now!”Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.The monk's behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly.Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his life's work.However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders.The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river.Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion.It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty.Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty.Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages.It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead.The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.It would be a mistake to thind of Leshan as ome big Buddha, but it is wouth making a trip to Leshan,which will provide you with a pleasant picture made by the ancient Chinese sites and the beautiful nature being combined into a whole.武侯祠

China has a recorded history of some 3,600 years, beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th——12th century BC).The first stage is the primitive society.The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC).The second major periob lasted from about 2,000 to 200 BC.The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty, which constituted the first Chinese state.The third stage extended all the way from 221BC, when Qin Shihuang united China, to the Opium War of 1840.Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule.The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period, and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618), Western Jin(265——316)via Eastern Jin(317——439)and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589).The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period.At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25——220)a gtrat peasant revolt happened.Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion.During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords.Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu.The populous episodic novel,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time.The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy.Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang.He was in actual control of only the North China homeland.Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere.The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley, The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu.Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China.Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu.It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang, Prime Minister of the kingdom.Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death.It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment.However, Du Fu, a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:“Where would I find the Prime Minister's shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan, in a dense cypress glade.”

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty.During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu, At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos.The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672.The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board.It says, “Han Zhaolie Temple”.Han refers to the kingdom of Shui;zhaolie was Liu Bei's posthumous title.The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei.But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliang's invaluable historical contribution, and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom.In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperor's dignity and the temple's original name.Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice.The temple compound consists of five mainbuildings: the Front Gate, the Second Gate, Kiu Bei's Hall, Zhu Geliang's Hall and Liu Bei's Tomb.The buildings are all located aling an imaginative axis line in a regular shape.Six huge stone tablets are flanked in the yard between the front and the second gates.Four of them were of the Qing Dynasty, one of the Ming and one opf the Tang.The tablets of the Qing state the storise about the reestablishment of the temple;the one of the Ming describes the development of the temple.The one of the Tang is far more famous than the other five.It was set up soon after Wu Yuanhen, a local top military commander in west Sichuan and his 27assistants worshiped Zhu Grliang in the temple in 809 during the Tang Dynasty.Pei Du,who served as a prime minister for his three Tang emperors ijn different times, composed an rssay associated with the worship.In the essay he eulogized Zhu Geliang for his great contribution to and his spare-no-efforts in unifying the whole China and the development of Sichuan, Liu Gingchuo, a well-known Tang calligrahist, copied the essay on the tablet according to the pattern of Liu's handwriting.The three well-known persons joined hands to perfect the tablet, so later in people called it “The Three Perfecdstion Tablet”.Inside the Second Gate is Liu Bei's hall.His statue stands behind the front altar, flanked by his son snd gtandson.To the right of the main shrine is a red faced image called Guan Yu;the left is General Zhang Fei, represented with a black face.Liu,Guan and Zhang are sworn brothers as prescribed in the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are two galleries in the yard, which contain terracotta figures of the Qing Dynasty, 28 in all, generals on the right and minisiters on the lelt.During the Three Kingdom Period the rulers of the independent kingdoms fought each other for supremacy.This period was regarded as a romantic epoch of knightly dering-do.The site is just about holy to thousands of Three Kingdom enthusiasts.The well-loved figures in the temple are the historical source from which later novels and dramas have captured the imaginations of generations of Chinese readers and audience.Behind Liu Bei's hall is the second yard where Zhu Geliang's hall is located.Zhu Geliang's hallis obviously lower than Liu Bei's.Visitors bave to walk down several steps before they can get into the second yard.The disparity in the construction height displays the traditional Chinese hierarchical social system.Emperor is the son of Heaven.He is superior;and other people are inferior.On the top of the entrance gate of Zhu Geliang's hall hangs a horizontal wooden board,which says,“Eternal Glory All Over the World(名垂宇宙).”Many ancient couplets hang inside the hall, but the most famous one is right in the middle of the hall.It says,“能攻心则反侧自消，从古知兵非好战；不审势即宽严皆误，后来治蜀要深思。”

It means that try to persuade an enemy to stop his attack during a war and the war will then disappear.No soldier wants to fight since ancient times.Try not to forget to weigh the conditions and situation, ogherwise leniency and strict punishment will all fail.Those,who come to manage Sichuan,should think it over again.This couplet contains two stories.Once as Zhu Geliang was the general commander of the shu Kingdom, he was scheduled to attack the Wei Kingdom in north China.However, he was worried that the troops of the minorities might take a chance to harass the Shu Kingdom in southwest China.He came to tealize that the good relationship with the minorities was very important.So he went the southwestern area with his troops.Meng Huo(孟获),the top leader of the minorities didn't accept Zhu Geliang's good-wish.He used his soldiers to fight against the groops from the kingdom.Zhu Geliang successfully defeated his attack and caught Meng Huo.Instead of punishing him,Zhu Geliang set him free.Then Meng Huo launched another attack and he met with the same defeat.Zhu Geliang set him a free again.On the seventh time after Meng Huo was caught,he prostrated himself before Zhu Geliang saying ghat he and his soldiers had given rp any atrelationship with the Shui Kingdoh.From then on the minority people and lf the Shui Kingdon lived in amity.The other story tells how Zhu Geliang streng-thened discipline.Once Zhu Gelian Launched another military campaign against the Wei Kingdom.In order to make the campaign successful Zhu Geliang ordered Ma Shu，his close assistant to garrison the Shu army troops in Jie Ting,a vital strategic place to fight the coming soldiers from the Wei.Ma Shu thought of himself highly and placed his troops on the top of a hill near Jie Ting.As result,the Wei army soldiers occupied the strategic place.Ma Shu and his soldiers were defeated.Zhu Geliang had to withdraw his troops back to ghe Shu Kingdom.His carefully arranged campaign thus failed.Ma Shu had a close relationship with Zhu Geliang due to his hardworking and his contribution to the development shui's army.Tears ran down Zhu Geliang's face when he ordered to execute Ma Shu for his error.The two storied displayed Zhu Geliang's flexible tactics in accordance with different occasions.More-over,Zhu Geliang used the same method to manage his government and the kingdom for the social stability and economic prosperity.The second yard,dedicated Zhu Geliang, has a bell tower on the right and a drum tower on the left of the entrance.A most unusual casting iron incense burner is in the imddle of the path, which leads to the hall.Zhu Geliang's statue,accompainied by his son on the right and his grandson on the left, stands in the middle of the hall.The statue is 2m high.Zhu Geliang is dressed in a golden overcoat with a feather fan in his hand.He looks as if he was still concerned about his kingdom and his local people.On the left side of Zhu Geliang's statue is a bronze drum, a relic dated back to the 5th century.Originally ancient minority groups in souhest China often used it as a cooket.Later it became a sort of music instrument for some special occasions.It was said that during Zhu Geliang's southwest expedition his soldiers used it as a cooker during the day and struck it at night as emergency approached.Zhu Geliang was renowned military strategist and statesman in the early three Kingdom period.A native of Shandong Province,he was living in Long Zhong,Hubei when Liu Bei went to his house three times.Liu Bei sincerely invited Zhu Geliang to join in reconquest of the Han Empire,but for the first two times it was said that Zhu Geliang was not at home.On the third time when Liu Bei met Zhu Geliang in his house,he agreed to assist Liu Bei.It was in his house that Zhu Geliangand Liu Bei had a dialogue relating to the current situation and reconquest of the Han Empire, In Liu Bei's hall hangs Zhu Geliang's ambitious “Long Zhong dialogue(隆中对）”and his “Letter To The Throne Before An Expedition”.Zhu Geliang served as Prime minister of the Shu Kingdom for twenty years.During his administration Zhu Geliang brought peace to the kingdom due to his northern and southern xepeditions.The local farming production and water conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard word conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard work at the age of 54.After his death people set up temples one after another to commemorate him in the areas where Zhu Geliang worked.He was generally regarded as an excellent example of administrators in Chinese feudal dynasties.To the west of the Zhu Geliang's hall is the site of ghe Liu Bei's tomb.It is 80m in circumference and 12m high,surrounded by a circular wall.For 1700 years the tomb has remained untouched, but what is inside is unknown.四川成都英语导游词(Sichuan Chengdu English tourguide word)Ladies, gentlemen, welcome your presence Chengdu Chengdu is the Sichuan provincial capital, the China historical city, the first batch Chinese outstanding traveling city, the national health city, the country the two supports the model city.In recent years, she by the urban construction and the ecological environment aspect achievement, successively has the honor to receive the United Nations to issue the person to occupy the prize and the best model prize two items.Chengdu was melts the ancient times civilization and the modern civilization to a body super city.She is rarely found in the world the treasure panda's hometown, also is the land of abundance center and the window.She by history glorious, cultural inside story sincere, the scenery gorgeous varied and the scenic spot historical site multitudinous and is world famous.The brocade city Rongcheng is Chengdu's alias;The cotton rose, the gingko are Chengdu's city flower and the city tree.Chengdu is located north western Sichuan in the plateau mountainous region and Sichuan between the knoll, west the topography is higher, middle and southeast area is the broad Chengdu plain, about average elevation 500 meters.Within the boundaries concurrently has the mountain scenery, the plain and the knoll America of, also climate temperate, rain water abundant, annual mean temperature 16 ℃ about, the precipitation approximately 1,000 millimeters, usually have the winter not severely cold, the summer does not have the intense summer heat the reputation, performs the land fertilely, water conservation advanced, the product is extremely bountiful, is always called the flood and drought from the person, does not know the hunger sincerely day government office pearl.Chengdu's whole city total area 123,900 square kilometers, the total population surpasses 10 million people, the area of jurisdiction dividees into 7 areas 4 cities(county level city), 8 counties.Namely Chinchiang area, goral area, Cheng Huaqu, Jin Niuqu, Wu Houqu, Qingbai Jiang area, Longquan post area;The Dujiang weirs city, Peng Zhoushi, honors the state city, the city;Wenjiang County, Xindu County, Shuangliu County, Dayi County, Xinjin County, Pi county, Jin Tangxian, Pujiang County.In addition, but also is equipped with the national level Sichuan Chengdu economic development zone and the Chengdu high-tech development zone.We generally said the Chengdu urban district refers to the town center spot five areas, is called for five cities.Other general designations city suburban counties.Chengdu on has as early as become the Suchuan race ancients activity in 10,000 years ago the center and the stage.The archaeological finds piles which in the urban district and Guanghan Tristar indicated, at least before 4000, the ancient Suchuan ancients use both hands which oneself industriously works, created in here had the bright region characteristic the ancient Suchuan civilization.About 2500 ago, the ancient Suchuan country enlightened dynasty the country all from the fence township(now Peng Zhoushi, Xindu County)moves reaching this point place, takes week too Wang Qianqi a year to become Yi, three year Chengdu this literary reference, chooses a name Chengdu.By now Chengdu already became the city which began to take shape.316 B.C., Qin Guoba the Sichuan brings into line with the domain, Chengdu is the Suchuan county capital.From now on after, Chengdu always is Sichuan area politics, the economy, the cultural center, all previous dynasties all for the county, the state, saves level of administrative areas to govern the institute and the military strategic place.During, Chengdu once around had 7 to establish a separatist regime the political power capital city to be located in this, they were, Western Han Dynasty last years Gongsun stated accomplishes the political power, A.D.when two centuries three countries west the dynasty, three centuries the Chenghan kingdom the political power, after around nine centuries and Suchuan the political power, the Northern Song Dynasty time peasant uprising Suchuan the political power and bright end Zhang Xianzhong established is big the political power.Chengdu has glorious and the bright industry and commerce development history, specially silk-weaving industry developed, famous crown China, sells in distant markets overseas.The Western Han Dynasty time, Chengdu because of economic boom into China five all one, the brocade already became the Han Dynasty at that time the important state treasury source of income.Chengdu was weaves the center, the royal government has established the brocade official city in this, the faction had the brocade official to carry on the management.This also is Chengdu is called the brocade city, circles the city but government office Nan River is called Chinchiang reason.the time, Zhuge Liang implements in Sichuan rests and builds up strength, supports the agricultural business the economic policy, Chengdu took the capital obtained a bigger development, left thought from the Jin generation Suchuan All Bestowed on the narration obviously at that time grand occasion.He said the shopping district meeting, deep pools of the ten thousand business, arrange in order the subterranean hundred miles, Luo four 11,000, drops bribes piles as high as a mountain, filament Li star numerous......The good general merchandise converges, crowd assembling's market transaction chart!The Tang Dynasty, Chengdu has raises as soon as benefits two the reputation, said she lively is only inferior to Chiangnan's Yangchow.To the Northern Song Dynasty time, Chengdu has become only Yu Bianjing metropolis.By now Chengdu, because is in the relative stability in the late Tang five generation of disputes in the situation, the worker and peasant trade all has the development, discussed the city trade to break through the traditional downtown streets pattern, has developed the special transaction market, not only had the city 内东 south northwest comprehensive market, also had has monopolized the product the market, like the village market, the salty city, the mule city and so on, the downtown area also had the night market.Hereafter Chengdu has been through repeatedly Yuan, is bright, clear Zhu Chao and the Republic of China time, during although has the many times prosperity and decline rise and fall, but she takes the Sichuan economic center the status and.Chengdu also is in the history township of the famous craft is world-famous, includes the Chinese four given names to embroider, row of the four given names brocades;Chengdu's lacquerware manufactures, the craft finely is unique, is handed down for generations for all previous dynasties 名品, in the modern Chinese grave unearthed cultural relic many Chengdu lacquerware may testify;The Tang Dynasty Chengdu produces the thunder qin, laden with honors the nation, is regarded by the vocal music with the treasure;Chengdu's printing industry in Song Dynasty is national one of three big printing industry bases, has Song Shishu engraves the armor world the praise, the London museum hides in the Dunhuang copy clerk to have five generation of times Chengdu the wood engraving the calendar almanac, for world earliest wood engraving calendar almanac printed book;Chengdu's papermaking industry very is also famous, the Tang Dynasty Chengdu makes the profit state hempen paper is the official stipulation imperial edict, the book command uses the paper;Female poet Artemisia stelleriana Tao manufactures the letter paper to regard as by the writer poem guest the high-grade goods.Chengdu's golden silver thread product,the straw braid, also all has several hundred over a thousand years history.Chengdu is one of bright cultural birthplaces, also is the Sichuan culture and education key city, has the magnificent civilization.As early as in the B.C.E.more than 140 years, Suchuan county Wen Weng encouraged education in Chengdu, to set up the Chinese first regular government operated school, has developed the huge promoter action for Sichuan's culture.The Chinese bestows on four everybody, Chengdu will have Sima like, raises male two, a Jin generation of historian Country Will author Chang Qu, Tang Dynasty female poet Xue Tao, musician Duan Anjie, five pronoun people Ouyang bright, drawing master Huang Quan, the Song Dynasty scholar Great historic writings of politicization vice-Chief Editor Fan Zuyu, the Wei old man, medical scientist Tang Shenwei, the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Changan, the Qing Dynasty famous the Confucian the mountain clock has been auspicious, in addition modern literature great master Ba Jin, Ai Wu, people and so on Sha Ting all will be the Chengdu public figures.Certainly, accomplishes the Chengdu history of civilization also to have in the history the multitudinous external famous feudal official, scholar's tremendous contribution, Chengdu is in the history place of the cultural celebrities collection.Big poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wei Zhuang, Lu You, people's and so on big literary giant Su Shi all once made one's home in here, has left behind the large quantities of cultural heritage for the posterity, caused Chengdu the developed culture to enjoy a good reputation domestic and foreign.Concerns Chengdu the history and the development talk of history, we speak of here.Let me again for everybody says today Chengdu the present situation.Chinese culture Obtains the Chinese outstanding traveling city title as the first batch Chengdu, the traveling resources advantageous, what is most prominent is the culture, the panda hometown, the day government office scenery three big characteristics.Under, please let me separately summarize: Chengdu is the cultural place of origin.the culture is the Chinese culture important constituent.The Dujiang weirs awn city, the Wenjiang County fish 凫 city, the Pi county three batardeaux, the new Tianjin fine horses old city and the neighbor Guanghan Tristar pile and so on the ruins explained that, the culture has the glorious history.Chengdu took several generation of ancient Suchuan dynasty the capital city and the Sichuan area capital, has bred the all previous dynasties how many distinguished persons, has many historical vestiges and the cultural treasure, only has 118 by all levels of governments public proclamation announcement protection key cultural relic unit whole city, nation key cultural relic preservation organ 9.More than 2,300 years ago construct Dujiang weirs large-scale hydraulic engineering, idea ingenious, computation precise, method wise, project grand, consummation of the function, science of the management, benefit long term, let the Chinese and foreign tourists which reaches this point for it fall all, she causes the Chengdu plain becomes the flood and drought from the person, the vast fertile area the day government office, has brought to Sichuan wealthy and is prosperous, by the reputation will be the alone wonderful eternity day government office Milky Way and treasure of the town Sichuan, will be the human civilization immortal masterpiece.is located in a Chengdu Nanjiao's dense green jade cypress, A.D.five centuries, are commemorates when three countries Prime Minister Zhuge Liang construct.This is the nation is biggest, preserves most complete , is in the Chinese multitudinous three countries vestige is only listed as the national key cultural relic unit.Collection extremely rich Chengdu , with peripheral other states, the city, the county rich culture landscape constitution three countries vestiges seeks the trace the gold welcome.The Du Fu thatched house is located the Chengdu western suburbs colored brook bank, the memento classical botanical garden which when Tang Dynasty big poet Du Fu is dwells away from home Chengdu in the former dwelling completes.Is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Du Fu's poetry, has the profound influence to the Chinese literature development, by the posterity reputation is the poetry of historical significance, he is revered is the poem saint.Thatched house extant each kind of Du poem edition, many kinds of writing translated edition, Du poem calligraphy work and other pertinent data 3,000 volume, cultural relic 2,000.The Du Fu thatched house not only studied Du Fu, the Du poem for the people has provided the precious material, moreover also was the Chinese and foreign public figure looks at reverently the Du Fu deceased remains the paradise.Chengdu's religious cultural relic very is also rich.Whole city existing Buddhist temple, Daoist temple, church nearly hundred.Dayi County's crane calls the mountain is the Chinese Taoism birthplace, and by blue city world the landscape is the national level scenery scenic spot area.In the urban district goral palace broad in scale, is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Hands down is old Mr.(namely father)sits the instruction magic arts place.The Chengdu Buddhist temple is multitudinous, most has the great reputation to have unusual brightness temple, the Confucian classics carved on stone temple, the greatly kind temple, the temple, the Manjusri courtyard and so on.Unusual brightness temple hands down constructs at the Eastern Han Dynasty, by reputation for Yangtze valley one of four big jungles.Other cultural relic historical sites, such as will look Cong Ci, the Wangchiang building, Ming Xi Wangling, forever the mausoleum, the Eastern Han Dynasty grave, the Goddess of Mercy temple mural, the Xinhai fall guarantee Lu Sishi the monument and so on, no longer 11 rows stated.Today Chengdu Today Chengdu, may say is both ancient and young, also is peaceful also prospers, west national implementation under big development strategic decision excellent situation, is raising the sail, is making great strides forward to the modernized metropolis goal.After new China had been established, ancient Chengdu has glowed the youth.The industry and agriculture production all has the development which progresses by leaps and bounds.Specially the 60's earlier periods, the country vigorously carries on three the construction, causes Chengdu basically forms take the machinery, the electron, the metallurgy, the chemical industry and as the main body industrial system, becomes west Sichuan and China the emerging industrial base.Since 1978, Chengdu entered the reform and open policy and the modernization new historical period, relies on its abundant economic basis and is situated at the mid-west union place geographical superiority, in during the short more than 20 years, has further developed into southwest China the local important science and technology, business trade, the financial center and the transportation, the communications center, one of China's super cities.Today Chengdu, does entire vertically and horizontally, the downtown width, the tall building stands in great numbers , the city's appearance is beautiful, the commercial service industry mesh point proliferates the whole city, the city synthesis service function strengthens day by day;Circles the city but government office Nan River, the process whole city people's five years struggle, comprehensively renovates announces a victory, present government office Nan River water qualitative change clear, both banks flowers and trees, the lawn, the sculpture, the pavilion pavilion and the packed side by side in rows modernized common people residence tall building serves as contrast to struggle the splendor, just like on the city neck is the jadeite necklace, it not only had the flood prevention, the environmental protection and the transportation function, but also became the leisure which the resident and the tourist most liked to go sightseeing the destination.Chengdu southwest took the local transportation communications center, the railroad has Cheng Yu, Paochi to Chengtu, Cheng Kun and achieves the railroad to connect to this;The road except Cheng Yu, Cheng Mian, Cheng Le, Cheng Ya, becomes fills outside the highway, but also some 3 federal highways passed, form take the Sichuan Shaanxi, Sichuan and Tibet, Sichuan Gan Hecheng changed, Cheng A and so on above 23 provincial levels the road as the backbone emission road network, Chengdu are one of national road most crowded cities;Chengdu is southwest the local biggest air harbor.The Shuangliu international airport is national one of four big spatial ports, has already cleared the international and domestic airlines more than 170 strip.Chengdu also is southwest one of local posts and telecommunications communication switching centers, and successively has established the correspondence relation with 160 countries and the area.The convenient transportation, the developed communication, Chengdu and each place closely connects in together, the frame got up Chengdu to the world each place bridge.Panda hometown Chengdu is panda's hometown.The Chengdu suburb has country forest park 4, panda ecology nature protection area 3.The world only saves 1,000 pandas, about 80% distribute in Chengdu and its are close to the area.The world biggest panda breeding research base also constructs in Chengdu.The Chengdu zoo is in the world the panda most cities zoo.You not only may understand the panda newest scientific research achievement as well as with the panda related background and the culture to the Chengdu traveling.You also may go to the Chengdu saddle sub-river, the Dayi Heishui River, Dujiang weirs city Hongkou, as well as the Baoxing bee barrel stronghold, panda habitat and the ecology nature protection area and so on protectorate, understands the nature scenery, tracks down panda's trail.Day government office scenery The day government office scenery is the attraction massive Chinese and foreign tourist comes Chengdu to go sightseeing a tour big characteristic resources.The day government office paradise, Chengdu , the unique place landform, accomplished Chengdu to be colorful, uniquely had the foreword the day government office scenery: Countryside, knoll, rivers and creeks, lake, canyon, high peak each charm, moreover the natural landscape, the humanities landscape and the rich folk custom character and style merges into one organic whole, the Xiu color beautiful scene, collects Cheng Daguan.Through the ages, did not know has how many writer literatis to praise Chengdu, really is nine days opens a Chengdu, ten thousand households thousand enter the painting, south the sword the scenery completely clear sunshine, nearby oar Chinchiang the world is thin, the lively abundant Li world does not have.Except a moment ago already has said outside the Dujiang weirs-Qingcheng scenic area, but also has take the virgin forest, flies the waterfall , the mountain day scenery and the snowy mountain pasture as west characteristic Dayi the range snowy mountain;Wonderful danger , ecology primitive Peng state nine Yi scenic area;Congeals , beautifully from natural honors the state Kowloon ditch;The Hushan is clear blue, winding lonesome and quiet Pujiang is exposed to the sun the lake;The Danxia Mountain scenery, immortal original Mt.Tiantai, as well as Jin Tang Tochiang River scenery, Long Chi wooded mountain marvelous sight and so on, all is which the hobby enjoys the beauties of nature goes sightseeing the tour, enjoys place of the natural ideal.The Chengdu plain countryside rural scenery bountiful is beautiful, the folk custom common social practice, remains richly, leaves the real appeal, is in the day government office scenery an amazing big beautiful scenery.Dayi County's Liu village original, Pi county's friendly affection township, Longquan's studio village, is the development the peasant family is happy the good destination which and the rural scenery swims.Dear friends, no matter you like any, you all may find satisfaction in Chengdu the destination.Wants to observe colored, here has the Longquan post the first day of the third lunar month, the Peng Zhou peony festival, the Hsintu;Wants to swim the lake, here has the scenery beautiful Chaoyang lake, the Longquan lake, Gui Hu and Bai Tahu;Wants the mountaineering, here has the high peak strange stone Longmen Mountain, precipitous male wonderful Mt.Tiantai, the fruit and flowers flutter fragrant dragon Quanshan;Must visit a park, here has the concentration world main landscape the world paradise, the Wangchiang park and the people's park;Wants to feel the common people residence culture flavor which Chengdu circulates, you may enter a strip the main street and small alley which connects by the innumerable central courtyards;Wants to understand the village small town plain, the tranquil natural scenery, you may arrive the Shuangliu yellow Longxi Guzhen, there ancient street， the ancient temple, the ancient amphibious wharf, the ancient battlefield, the ancient construction, the classical Chinese literature merge into one organic whole, or township of the Chinese procession of lanterns or torches;Wants to observe the play, you may march into the theater to appreciate the Sichuan play, to listen to that tactful and pleasing to hear high-pitched tunes, looked that unpredictable turns hostile, spits the fire and so on the Sichuan opera unique skill performance;Wants to judge tea, you may to a each style teahouse, the teahouse.The Sichuan teahouse special atmosphere, the covered teacup tea set and excellent mixes the tea technique, can enable you to feel the thick Chengdu tea culture the breath;Wants to eat the Sichuan cuisine, Chengdu is the orthodox school Sichuan cuisine birthplace, the Sichuan-style restaurant proliferates the whole city, the famous teacher gathers together, savors the orthodox school;Wants to eat the snack, the Chengdu snack renowned at home and abroad, the variety is many.The color fresh taste is good, excellent in quality and reasonable in price, the Dan Dan noodles, the clock boiled dumplings, the dragon won ton, Lai Tangyuan, the Han steamed stuffed bun, the husbands and wives lung piece and so on all is Chengdu the snack tradition, but the recent years rose the hot pot to catch up, were fashionable for a time.In brief a speech, eats in Chengdu, plays in Chengdu, swims in Chengdu has become the traveling amateur's mutual recognition.The friends, in the last few years, the Chengdu tourism obtained the considerable development.Specially what is worth mentioning west the big development, causes the Chengdu tourism the prospects for development to be broader.Chengdu by the richer traveling product, the better traveling environment, the higher quality traveling service, will greet the motherland and the world each place friends arrival, we believed everybody travel of the Chengdu certainly will be able to obtain complete and the happy feeling.Thanks everybody 都江堰英文导游辞

The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km rorth of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country.More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals.For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province.Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?

The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parta: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river.Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood.Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam.The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal.The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river.The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals.The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream.During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rujshes forward along the outer canal.As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed.The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal.For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence.They were filled with stones and pebbles.However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel.A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation.The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill.Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck.The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan;Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season.Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit.The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster.For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main str.The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him.Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang.The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday.On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them.The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below.Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,“when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel.When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper.” The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popularstopping place for sightseers.There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.杜甫草堂英文导游辞

Du Fu(712~770)Thatched Cottage used to be the former hone of Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty.Located in the western suburbs of Chengdu, the spot is marked by a stream, ancient style architecture, pavilion pagodas and age-old trees.The cottage consists of six important parts, They are the Front Gate, the Lobby, the Hall of poem History, the Water Pavilion, the Gongbu Shrine and the Thatched Cottage.At the time of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's poetry first came to be recognized.Readers of many different periods have considered Du Fu to be the greatest poet of the Chinese tradition.Such general agreement can partially be explained by the immense variety of his work, which holds up quite well to different tastes and historical changes in fashion.Like Shakespeare in English tradition, Du Fu's poetry came to be so deeply bound up with the constitution of literary value that generation after generation of poets and critics rediscovered themselves and their interests in some aspect of the poet'

Chinese critics from the Song Dynasty referred to Du Fu as the“poet-historian”.Both before and after the An Lushan Revolt, Du Fu witnessed a typical political and social situation;the common people still lived in poverty while the emperor and his top officials enjoyed a foolishly luxurious life.He composed many poems such as “Song of the War Chariots”, “Three Officials”，and “Three Departures”。His poems expressed his dissatisfaction with the government and his great pity for the common people.Du Fu used his poems to comment on current events and historical images.Du Fu became the historian by creating his responses to particular situations.Du Fu was talented.When he was young, he wanted to get a good job in the government.Unfortunately Du Fu was refused several times.He was in his fifties when he began to serve as a minor official in Changan(Xi'an).Gongbu was his official title and probably he was in charge of the lical industry.Du Fu was not a skilled survivor in government politics.He was dismissed in the form of a transfer to the post of personnel administrator in Huazhou and so left Changan.Du Fu soon gave up this minor post in disgust and set off with his family to Qinzhou in the Northwest.After a short stay he moved on again and in 759 he arrived in Chengdu.He set up a modest cottage with some money he borrowed from his friend who served as a local governor.In the cottage he had a simple and peaceful life for three years, writing about 240porms.Mostly inspired by the cottage, the stream nearby and the scenery in Chengdu.These poems give the impression that he was happier in Chengdu than any other time in his life.The poems of this period sound relaxed and happy.Here are some of them.In Chengdu the flutes and the strings

You hear them so loud even in the daytime

The melody fades in the river wind

And half in the towering clouds above us

Oh it should never be played here

It belongs to the emperor's hraven

We thank you for what is not ours

But the emperor will be hearing it also

Two yellow orioles sing in the tenser green willow

A line of herons crosses the blue sky

When you open the west-facing window

The snow is framed in the summit of the mountain

And the ships that will sail east for Dong Wu

They lie at anchor in the sun-filled doorway

A good rain knows its season

It brings thins to life right in spring

It enters the night, unseen with the breeze

It moistens things gently and without sound

Du Fu left Chrngdu after 762 and wandered in the southern provinces and eventually died of illness in 770.After his death, the people if Chrngdu built a shrine on the site of his garden to honor him.Since then, it brcame the custom to visit on the seventh day of the lunar month(around the middle of February).An ancient couplet still hangs on the top of the front door.It reads:“锦江春风公占却，草堂人日我归来。”It was written by a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, whose name was He Shaoji.The couplet means that Du Fu owned the Jingjiang river and the spring breeze;on the seventh day of the first lunar month did I come to visit his cottage.The original cottage no longer exists and the buildings within the cottage compound.South west of the city, have been repaired and added to thirteen times since the eighth century.The Gongbu Shrine is at the center of the six important sites in the cottage compound„„It is a small hall in the eastern section of the grounds, dedicated to the memory of Du Fu.It contains a statue of du fu flanked by ghose of two other poets;Huang Tingjian(1045-1105)on the right and Lu You(1125-1210)on the left.Thesee two poets were both from the Song Dynasty and occupied an important place in the traditional Chinese literature history.Huang Ting jian, from Xiu Shui in which affected his official posts.Later when his opposition party was in power, he was dismissed from his major official post and banished to Yizhou.Huang was one of the followers of Su Shi.He sincerely studied Du Fu's poetry and intentionally car during theearly song Dynasty.Lu You, from Shaoxing in Zhejiang held a succession of mionor of ficial posts but was unable to affect any of the political reforms he advocated.Im 1172, he began to serve in the army on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border.It is known that sometime later he was dismissed from a post im jiangxi for distributing government grain to relieve famine.Lu You was a prolific poet and more than nine thousand poems have survived.Both Huang ting jian and Lu You are noted for their ardent patriotism.Here are some of their poems :

Looking all round, a fine sight of hills and waters I found:

Leaning on the Tower railing, I could enjoy what was sweet:

The fragrance of water chestnuts and lotus stretching far

The soft breeze and bright moon which were both

Free and made tower cool;

(Huang tingjian, Tr, Guo Zhuzhang)

Erect hedge and implant fence to shield and sustain these new bamboo，They are meticulously cultivated and their dark green color is reflected in ripples.The blowing of the cool breeze tells the early coming of autumn，And I am not aware of the blazing sun in the sky at such high noon.I hear the rustling sound when the sheath is shedding from the sprouts.And see the dense fluttering shadows of these newly grown young bamboos.Once I retire from my position, here will be the place to which I often come，And carry with me along a pillow and a mat that are made of bamboo.(Lu You, Tr.Cui Wenkai)

In the traditional Chinese literature history, there were thousands of poets, Why were these two poets selected to accompany Du Fu ?there are three reasons:Firstly, they made greart achievements in studying Du Fu's poetry.Secondly, they used to live in Sichuan, and enjoyed their stay, thirdly, Du FU's statue might have been lonely in the gongbu Shrine without any accompaniment.so when people placed the statues together, they ghought that the three poets might have time to talk about their poetry.the Shrine of the Three Sages is named from the above-mentioned story.Inside the shrine are two valuable stone tablets from the Qing Dynasty, on which the whole picture of the thatched Cottage has been engraved.the tablets showus the design and development of the cottage dated bace to the Qing Dynasty.Also an other two stone tablets are in the shrine, which tell the story about the refurbishment of the cottage and the reason why Huang tingjian and Lu You's statues stay with Du Fu's.On left side of the Gongbu Shrine is a huge tablet placed in a straw-roofed pavilion.Prince Guo of the Qing Dynasty wrote the calligraphy on the tablet when he visited the cottage.A screen wall at the entrance to the Flowery Path is decorated with the characters Caotang(Thatched Cottage)at old blue and white ceramic fragment.At present, du Fu's cottage is a museum.It has a rich collection of over 30000bound volumes, and 2000cultural relics, the bound volumes include thea ncient cut blocks photo-offset, hand-written, and modern stereotyped copies, the translation editions are in 15 languages.As you walk around the cottage, you will experience the traditional Chinese culture and literature characterized by Du Fu's poems.峨眉山英文导游辞

Mt.Emei is one of the “four famous mountains”in China.It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some inforation about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt.Emei and its hiking routes.The Spread of the Buddhism

Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC.It is said that the founder was Sakyamuni.Sskyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged.Sakyamuni was a prince and was brought up in luxury.In his 20s, he became discontented with the world.Every day he had to face with sights of sickness, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death.Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Sakyamuni began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga.Then he joined a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself.However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself.Finally Sakyamuni followed the principle of the middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other.As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration.One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.Sakyamuni founded an order of monks and for the next 45 years or so peached his ideas around 480 BC.Sakyamuni teaches that all life is suffering.Everyone is subjected to the trauma of birth, to sickness, decrepitude and death.Real happiness can't be achieved until suffering is overcome.The cause of unhappiness is 'desires',specifically the desire of the body and the desire personal fulfillment.In order to overcome the desirs and achieve happiness, it requires the following eight-fold path.1.Right knowledge

Buddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering.It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right Aspiration

Buddhist followers should becomw passionately involved with the knowledge of what life's problems basically are.3.Right Speech

Buddhist followers shousd avoid lies, idle talk, abuse,alander and deceit.4.Right Behavior

Buddhist followers should show kindness and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood

Buddha considers spiritual progress impossible if one has occupied himself/herself with slave-dea-ling or prostitution.6.Right Effort

The effort os the will to develip virtues and curb paddion.7.Right Mindfulness

Buddhist followers should practise self-exami-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertness and become aware of what os happwning to them.8.Right Absorption

The absorption involves the techniques of Hinduism's raja yoga and leads to the same goal.By following the eight fokd pah, Buddhist followers aims to attain Nirvana, a condition beyond the limits of the mind, feelings, thoughts, the will and ecstasy.Buddhism accepts the concept of reincarnation, the circle of rebirth;it accepts the law of cause and effort.Buddhism has many sects, of which the Mahayana and the hinayana are two major schools.The Mahayana holds that the fate of the individual is linked to the fate of all others.The Buddha won't float off into his own Nirvana leaving other peope behind.He not ony shows the people the way up into their Nirvana, but also continues to exude spiritual help to those seeking Nirvana.The Hinayana holds that the path to Nirvana is an individual purauit.People who seek Nirvana must tread the path to Nirvana on their own.Mahayana Buddhism is generally believed to have been ntroduced into regions inhabited by the Han people around the first century A.D.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420)it spread to a fairly large part of the country.During the Southern anB Northern Dynasties(420-589)the ruling cladd furthered the dissemination of Buddhism.More temples and monasteries were built;Buddhist scriptures were translated.The influence of Buddhism was felt everywhere across the conutry.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907)Buddhism had reached its apex of popularity and splendor.Buddhism gradually took root in the Chinese soiety, having adapted considerably to Chinese ways of thinking and practice.As the most influential religion in China, Buddhism has an impact on Chinese philosophy, morality, literature, art and many other foelds.Buddhism in Mt.Emei

It is almost two thousand years since Buddhism was introduced from India.Its monasteries covers everywhere in China except a few Daoist mountains like Mt.Qingcheng.It is commonly said that Buddhist monks have occupied much mote well-known mountains for their Buddhist ptrpose than Daoist priests.However, most of Buddhist followers bwliwvw that only the fotr famous mountains in China are the Buddhist holy places.They are Mt.Wmei in Sichuan, Mt.Putuo in Zhejiang, Mt.Wuta in Shaanxi and Jiuhua in Anhui.Each mountain is dedicated to different Bodhisattvas.In Chinese Bodhisattva usually is referred as pusa, a potential Buddha, who has achieved perfect enlightenment and decided to bring salvation to all suffering creatures before entering into Nirvana.Therefore, each Bodhisattva has his own ritual place to salvage suffering creatures.Wenshu performs the Buddhist rites in Mt Wuta, and Guanyin in Mt.Putuo.Dizang is said to have gained enlightenment in Mt Jiuhua.Puxian is regarded as one of the four well-known Bodhisattvas of China's Buddhism.Legend has it that Mt.Emei in Sichuan is the place where he performs the Buddhist rites.Puxian and Wenshu appear in a pair in suppirt of Sakymuni.They usually stand side by side with Sakymuni.The middle.Puxian is the right attendant.He rides a white elephant, and Wenshu a lion as we often see in monasteries.Wenshu is a symbol of Wisdom while Puxian Benevolence.Buddhism encourages its followers to study hard at the Buddhist theory, and then use what they have learnt to do charitable works for the purpose of salvaging the suffering creatures.More likely Wisdom and Benevolence display the Buddhist proceess step by step.One of the Buddhist doctrines says that after Puxian achieved perfect enlightenment, he vowed to retrn back to the world and not to accept his own salvation until all sentient beings, humans and animals had been saved.Puxian went out on his elephant to realize his ambition.his six-tusk elephant enjoys a high statue in the Buddhist world known as the Elephant King.Wannian Monastery is dedicated to the gilded statue of Puxian who sits on the white elephant.This statue, 8.5m high, is cast in copper and bronze, weighing estimatedly 62,000kg in a brick hall.One doctrine says:“Puxian has many images.He puts himself into different forms based on the Buddhist predestined relationship.The ordinary human beings can only see him in a human bodily form, who sometimes stands by Sakyamuni,or simetimes rides on his white elephant.” According to the explanation of the Buddhist texts, it is almost impossible for the ordinary human beings to see Puuxian's Fa and Bao images unless they hike up to the Golden summit of the mountain, where the pious Buddhists may see Puxian's Bao image in Buddhist Aureole-rainbow rings.In ancient times the Buddhist Aureole was called the illuminant image,which indicates that the Puxian reveals himself in his BUddhist Aureole only before the people who have the Buddhist predestined relationship.It is the iluminant image in the Golden Summit that has made the mountain nationally famous.At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Buddhism came imto China.It is commonly said that Buddhism began to develop in Sichuan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is very hard to find out when the first monastery was built,and who was the first Buddhist monk to perform his rites in the mountain.The local historical records have no written information about Buddhism in the mountain,which occurred before the Jin Dynasty.As early as in 400 a monk by the name of Huichi arrived at Mt.Emei.At that time only a few ascetic practitioners lived in the animal-haunted mountain.Staying with them,Huichi started to build a temple with a statue of Puxian set up inside.The current Wan Nian Monastery grew out of the earliest temple.Huichi was considered the founder of Buddhism in the mountain.During the Western Jin Dynasty(265-317)a Daoist priest by the name of Qianming estab lished a Daoist temple called Qian Ming Temple in the mountain.It was the biggest Daoist temple in the mountain where a hundred Daoists priests performed Daoism.At the beginning of the southern and Nouthern Dynasties(420-550), the priests decided to choose their head to be in charge of the temple.However, they had an endless dispute because of the difference of opinions.A Bddhist monk by the name of Mingguo went to the temple and taught the priests Buddhism.Finally all the priests were converted to Buddhism, and the Daoist temple became a Buddhist monastery by the name of Zhong Feng Moonastery,During the Southern and Nouthern Dynasties,Buddhism developed in the mountain.A monk from India came to Sichuan.His name was Baozhang,the first foreign monk who arrived at the mountain after his short stay in Chengdu.According to the local historical records,Baozhang set up a monastery by the name of Ling Yan Monastery.A stream flowed along the foreground of the monastery.Behind it ,over a misty mountain,dark trees merged imperceptibly into the rest of the landscape.The monastery continued its development in the following dynasties.It was said that the monastery was the biggest in the mountain with 48 halls inside in the Ming Dynasty.Unfortu-nately it was destyroyed by a fire towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.During his stay in China Baozhang translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and made a contribution to the culture exchange between China and India.During the Tang Dynasty(618-907)Buddhism in Sichuan developed considerably because some emperors supported Buddhism During their reins.some important Buddhist constructions were set up in Sichuan such as Bao Guang Monastery(the divine light monastery)in xindu County ,the Giant Buddha in Leshan City ,and Wen Shu Monastery in Chengdu.Of course, Buddhism in the mountain was no exception.Some famous monks kept visiting the mountain.Xuan Zang made a pilgrimage to the sacred land of India to collect manuscripts and images and visit the well-known shrines from 629 to 645, leaving a valuable account of his travels in his “Records of the western Regions”, Before his journey ,Xuan Zang came to the mountain.He visited Puxian,earnestly hoping to get blessings from him.On his way up to the mountain he came across an old monk who offerd him a Buddhist scripture.After reading it ,Xuan zang felt more confident for his long journey to india.Legend has it that Puxian put himself in the bodily form of the old monk.From 779 to 805, Weigao, the local top military commander in west Sichuan, donated to support Buddhist development both in Leshan and Mt.E-mei.During the rein of Xizong(874-888)of the Tang Dynasty, a well-known monk by the name of Huitong came to the mountain from Zhijiang.He stayed in Baishui Monastery as the abbot, He employed many workers to maintain and enlarge the existed monasteries, and at the same time he himself arrfanged workers to establish Qingyin Pavilion Monastery.He even invited his yiunger sister huixu, a Buddhist nun to stay in He Shui Monastery.Huixu was the first unu in Mt.Emei.During the Song Dynasty Buddhism in the moutain further developed, In 964 Zhao Kuangyin the first empperor of the Song dynasty sent a 300-member-delegation of monks headed by Jiye, a well-known monk to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, In 976 they came back with Buddhist materials and images.Due to Jiye's great deeds, Emperor Taizhong honored him by allowing him to choose a place in China to perform his Buddhism.Jiye decided to go to Mt.Emei, where he stayed in Niuxin Monastery to perform his Buddhist rites.Zao Kuangyin also asked one of his assistants by the name of Zhang to come to Chingdu, where Zhang was responsible for casting a 8.50-meter-high statue of Puxian in copper and bronze, and then transporting it to the Baishui Monastery on the site of the Wannian Monastery.Several Sing emperors kept presenting Buddhist scriptures, paintings and valuable gifts to Baishui Monasters stood at the lower part of the mountain.At that time only a few visitors or monks hiked the mountain via the current Wannian Monastery.The monasteries above Wsnnisn Monsastery remained very primitive, still less the monastery on the Golden Summit, which was no more than a wooden house without a monk to live in.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the emperors helped develop Buddhism in China.Zhu Yuanzhang, the first ming Emperor used to be a monk.In his monk career Zhu Yuanzhang had a close contact with a monk by the name of Guangji who later worked in a monastery in the mountain.Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to reestablisshed Xiwa Monastery.After the completion of the monastery, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned him to stay in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but Guangju kindly refsed the invitqation and cotinued his stay in the mountain.Zhu Yijun was the ling-reining Ming Emperor(1573-1620)who was buried in Dingling, one of the ming Tombs.he and his two wives reposed in the underground palace, which was excavatedf in August, 1956.As a story goes, his mother wanted very much to give a birth to a boy in order to inherit the imperial throne.Therefore, she came to the mountain where she kneeled before the statue of Puxian in Baishui Monastery vowing that she would establish a new monastery and gilt the statue of Puxian if she was blessed to have a boy.Soon afterwards Zhu Yijun was born, and he himself ascended the throne as expected.In 1600 the emperor issued an imperial edit to establish a beamless brick hall and gilt the statue of Puxian on the white elephant.He even renamed Baishui Monastery as Wannian Monastery to celebrate his mother's birthday.In 1602 four bronze halls were cast in Changan on the current site of Xi'an.One of them was moved up to the top of the mountain from which the Golden Summut was named.The hall was 8m high and 5m wide.There are no written records about how the hall was carried uyp the mountain.Unfortunately the hall was completely destroyed by a fire.In 1828 a monk by the name of Yuexzhao collected donations to set up a glazed-golden-roof brick hall, which replaced the bronxe hall.In 1972 another fire occurred, The hall, a telecom tower and andther monastery were all destroyed.The new monastery completed in 1990 still bears traces of its original splendor.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism declined because of a local war, which lasted many years in Sichuan.By the end of the Qing Dynasty Buddhism in the mountain had been restored as much as in the Ming Dynasty.Both Baoguo and Fuhu monasteries were enlatged in the Qing Dynasty and now become the largest ones in the mountain.Before 1949, there were more than 70 monasteries and over 3,000 monks in all in the mountain.The monasteried owned a large amount of farming land to stpport the monks.Half of farmers at the foot of the mountain worked for the monasteries.Routes concerned

Every Chinese or overseas visitor enkoys climbing to the top of Mt.Emei——the Golden Summit more than 10,000-feet-high.The mountain itself is shrouded in the ever-hanging cloud of fog.Fir trees, pines and cedarsclithe the slopes;lofty crags, cloud-kissing precipices, butterflies and azaleas together form a nature reserve of sorts.At the Golden Summit one stands above the fog and gets a beautiful view, especially in the early morning when mountaintops are bathed in the radiance of the rising sun.Late in the tare afternoon the viewers may see the Magic Light,which appears as a multicolored ring of light in the sky with the shadow of the viewer moves.This light phenomenon was traditionally known as Buddha's Aureole or the Emei Buddhist Glory.Actually it is a rainbow ring, produced by tefraction of water particles that attach themselves to a person's shadow in a cloudbank below the summit.Devout Buddhists, thinking this was a call from yonder,used to jump off the Cliff of Self-Sacrifice in the belief that they would thus encounter Puxian.So during the Ming and Qing dynasties officials set up iron poles and chain railings to prevent sticides.Totrists usually start their ascent of the mountain at Baoguo Monastery, originally constructed in the 6th century but entirely rebuilt in the 17th.There are two paths to Jinding, named after a glistening bronxe hall that once crowned the main peak of the mountain.The northern path is wide and easy to follow.The southern path is more rugged and winding.Because it is easier to go up than to come down, most people ascend by the southern route and return on the northern one.At predent there is a cable-car transportation up to the summit.Tourists can continue either on foot or by cable-car.The northern route passes Bailong Cave, Wannian Monastery and Zhanlao Terrace.The southern route passes through Fuhu Monastery, Qingyinge Monastery, Jiulao Cave and Yuxian Monastery.The two paths converge and lead to Xixian Poolm so called after the legend that Puxian passed here on his white elphant, which he washed in the pool before resuming his trip.Xixi9an Pool is the place where tourists frequently come across wild monkeys who usually stand along the path begging for food from tourists.The Chinese find the monkeys an integral part of the mountain trip and like to offer them some food fo0r fun.If you have no food, you should thrust open palms towards the monkeys to show you have no food.The path continues to Leidongping Tettace, a small temple in which the thunder god was supposed to live, and finally to jinding-the Golden Summit itself.The hiking is spectacular and tiring, and the path difficult to follow in places.No matter whether you ascend or descend, youy have to keep a cautious eye on the next step.You should stop occasionally to get a longer view and enjoy the beautiful scenes.The scenery is also and excusw to rest and let your pounding hearts slow down.Whenever you come across a lovely waterfall and spectacular gorge, you should sit by the waterfall, content with the stately beauty and blessings of that spot.四川成都导游词

作者：导游栖息地

来源： 网络

2008-3-17

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女士们、先生们，欢迎您们光临成都.成都是四川省省会、中国历史文化名城、首批中国优秀旅游城市、国家卫生城市、国家“双拥”模范城。近几年，她又以城市建设和生态环境方面的成就，先后荣获联合国颁发的“人居奖”和“最佳范例奖”两项殊誉。

成都是一座融古代文明与现代文明于一体的特大城市。她是稀世珍宝大熊猫的故乡，也是天府之国的中心和“窗口”。她以历史悠久、文化底蕴厚重，风光绚丽多姿和名胜古迹众多而闻名于世。“锦城”“蓉城”是成都的别名；芙蓉、银杏是成都的市花和市树。

成都市位于川西北高原山地和川中丘陵之间，西部地势较高，中部和东南部是广阔的成都平原，平均海拔500米左右。境内兼有山景、平原和丘陵之美，且气候温和，雨水充沛、年平均气温16℃上下，降水量约1000毫米，素有“冬无严寒，夏无酷暑”之誉，加以土地肥沃，水利先进，物产十分富饶，历来被称为“水旱从人，不知饥谨”的“天府明珠”。

成都市的全市总面积12．39万平方公里，总人口超过1000万人，辖区划为7区4市（县级市）、8县。即锦江区、青羊区、成华区、金牛区、武侯区、青白江区、龙泉驿区；都江堰市、彭州市、崇州市、邛崃市；温江县、新都县、双流县、大邑县、新津县、郫县、金堂县、蒲江县。此外，还设有国家级四川成都经济技术开发区和成都高新技术开发区。我们一般说的成都市区则指市中心部位的五个区，简称为“五城区”。其余的统称“市郊县”。

成都早在一万年前就已成为蜀族先民活动的中心和舞台。在市区和广汉三星堆的出土文物表明，至少在四千年以前，古蜀先民们就用自己辛勤劳动的双手，在这里创造了具有鲜明地域特征的古蜀文明。大约2500年前，古蜀国开明王朝把国都从樊乡（今彭州市、新都县交界处）迁到此处，取周太王迁歧“一年成邑，三年成都”这一典故，定名“成都”。这时的成都已经成为一个初具规模的城市。公元前316年，秦国把四川纳入版图，成都是蜀郡的首府。自此以后，成都一直是四川地区政治、经济、文化中心，历代皆为郡、州、省一级行政区的治所和军事重镇。其间，成都曾前后有7个割据政权的都城设在此，它们是，西汉末年的公孙述“大成政权”，公元二世纪时“三国”的蜀汉王朝，三世纪的“成汉”政权，九世纪前后的“前蜀”和“后蜀”政权，北宋时期农民起义的“大蜀”政权和明末张献忠建立的“大西”政权。

成都有着悠久而灿烂的工商发展历史，特别是丝织业的发达，名冠中华，远销国外。西汉时期，成都因经济繁荣成为当时中国的“五都”之一，织锦业已成为汉朝的重要国库收入来源。成都是蜀锦织造中心，朝廷在此设置了“锦官城”，派有“锦官”进行管理。这也是成都又称为“锦城”，绕城而过的府南河又称为 “锦江”的原因。蜀汉时期，诸葛亮在四川实行休养生息，扶持农商的经济政策，成都作为蜀汉首都得到了更大的发展，从晋代左思《蜀都赋》的叙述可见当时盛况。他说“市廛所会，万商之渊，列隧百里，罗肆万千，堕贿山积，纤丽星繁……”好一幅百货云集、万头攒动的市场交易图！唐代，成都有“扬一益二”之誉，说她的繁华仅次于江南的扬州。到北宋时期，成都已成为仅次于汴京的大都会。这时的成都，由于在晚唐五代的纷争中处于相对安定的情况下，工农商业都有所发展，商市贸易突破了传统的坊市格局，发展了专门的交易市场，不仅有城内东南西北的综合市场，也有了专营产品的市场，如草市、糠市、盐市、骡马市等，闹市区还有了“夜市”。此后的成都历经元、明、清诸朝和民国时期，其间虽有多次的兴衰起落，但她作为四川省经济中心的地位并无变化。

成都也是历史上著名的工艺之乡。蜀绣、蜀锦名满天下，列入中华四大名绣、四大名锦之列；成都的漆器以制作精美、工艺独特，为历代传世名品，近代汉墓出土的文物中许多成都漆器可以作证；唐代成都出产的“雷琴”，载誉全国，被声乐界视同珍宝；成都的印刷业在宋代是全国三大印刷业基地之一，有“宋时蜀刻甲天下”的赞誉，伦敦博物馆所藏敦煌文书中有五代时期成都的木刻“历书”，为世界最早的木刻历书印本；成都的造纸业也很著名，唐代成都造的“益州麻纸” 是官方规定的诏书、册令用纸；女诗人薛涛制作的“薛涛笺”被文人诗客视为上品。成都的金银丝制品、竹编、草编、也都有数百上千年的历史。

成都是灿烂的蜀汉文化发祥地之一，也是四川文化教育的中心城市，拥有辉煌的文明历史。早在公元前140多年，蜀郡太守文翁在成都兴学，开办了中国第一所正规的官办学堂、为四川的文化发展起了巨大的促进作用。“汉赋四大家”，成都市有司马相如、扬雄两位，晋代史学家《华阳国志》作者常璩、唐代女诗人薛涛、音乐家段安节、五代词人欧阳炯、绘画大师黄筌、宋代学者《资治通鉴》副主编范祖禹、理学家魏了翁、医学家唐慎微、明代文学家杨长庵、清代著名的 “儒将”岳钟祺，加上现代文学巨子巴金、艾芜、沙汀等人都是成都人士。当然，造就成都文明史的还有历史上众多的外来名臣、文士的巨大贡献，成都是历史上文化名流汇集之地。大诗人李白、杜甫、岑参、高适、韦庄、陆游、大文豪苏轼等人都曾寓居这里，为后人留下了大批的文化遗产，使成都的发达文化享誉国内外。

有关成都的历史和发展的史话，我们就说到这里。让我再为大家说说今日成都的现状。

汉文化

作为第一批获得中国优秀旅游城市称号的成都，旅游资源得天独厚，最突出的是“蜀汉文化”、“熊猫故乡”、“天府风光”三大特色。

下面，请让我分别简述一下：

成都是蜀汉文化的发源地。蜀汉文化是中华文化的重要组成部分。都江堰芒城、温江县鱼凫城、郫县三道堰、新津龙马古城和附近的广汉三星堆等遗址说明，蜀汉文化有悠久的历史。

成都作为数代古蜀王朝的都城和四川地区的首府，孕育了历代多少风流人物，拥有许多的历史遗迹和文化瑰宝，仅以各级政府明令公布保护的重点文物单位全市就有118处，其中全国重点文物保护单位9处。2300多年前修建的都江堰大型水利工程，构思之巧妙，计算之精确，手段之高明，工程之宏伟，功能之完善，管理之科学，效益之长远，无不让到此的中外游客为之倾倒，她使成都平原成为“水旱从人”，“沃野千里”的“天府”，给四川带来了富裕和繁荣，被誉为 “独奇千古的天府银河”和“镇川之宝”，是人类文明的不朽杰作。

武侯祠座落在成都市南郊的一片森森翠柏之中，公元五世纪，为纪念三国时蜀汉丞相诸葛亮而建。这是全国最大、保存最完整的武侯祠，是中国众多三国遗迹中唯一被列为全国重点文物的单位。馆藏极其丰富的成都武侯祠，与周边其他州、市、县丰富的蜀汉文化景观构成的“三国遗迹寻踪”黄金旅游者的欢迎。

杜甫草堂位于成都西郊浣花溪畔，是在唐代大诗人杜甫流寓成都时的故居上建成的纪念性古典园林。是全国重点文物保护单位。杜甫的诗歌，对中国文学的发展有着深远的影响，被后人誉为“诗史”，他本人被尊为“诗圣”。草堂现存各种杜诗版本、多种文字译本、杜诗书法作品及其他有关资料3000余册，文物 2000余件。杜甫草堂不仅为人们研究杜甫、杜诗提供了珍贵的资料，而且也是中外人士瞻仰杜甫遗容的胜地。

成都市的宗教文物也很丰富。全市现有佛寺、道观、教堂近百处。大邑县的鹤鸣山是中国道教的发祥地，并以“青城天下幽”的景观名列国家级风景名胜区。市区内的青羊宫规模宏大，是全国重点文物保护单位。相传为“太上老君”（即老子）坐台传授道法之处。成都佛寺众多，其中最负盛名的有宝光寺、石经寺、大慈寺、昭觉寺、文殊院等。宝光寺相传建于东汉，被誉为长江流域四大丛林之一。其他的文物古迹，诸如望丛祠、望江楼、明僖王陵、永陵、东汉墓、观音寺壁画、辛亥秋保路死事纪念碑等，就不再一一列述了。

今日成都

今日成都，可以说是既古老又年青，既安宁又繁荣，在国家实施西部大开发战略决策的大好形势下，正扬起风帆，向着现代化的大都市目标迈进。

新中国成立后，古老的成都焕发了青春。工农业生产都有突飞猛进的发展。特别是60年代前期，国家大力进行的“三线”建设，使成都基本上形成以机械、电子、冶金、化工和轻纺工业为主体的工业体系，成为四川和中国西部新兴的工业基地。

1978年以来，成都进入了改革开放和现代化建设新的历史时期，凭藉其雄厚的经济基础和地处中西部结合处的区位优势，在短短的二十多年间，已进一步发展成为中国西南地区重要的科技、商贸、金融中心和交通、通信枢纽，中国的特大城市之一。

今日的成都，干道纵横、街市宽整、高楼林立、绿树成荫，市容美丽，商业服务行业网点遍布全市，城市综合服务功能日益增强；绕城而过的府南河，经过全市人民的五年奋斗，全面整治告捷，如今的府南河水质变得清亮，两岸的花木、草坪、雕塑、亭榭与栉比鳞次的现代化民居高楼相映争辉，犹如在城市的脖子上系了一条“翡翠项链”，它不仅具有防洪、环保和交通运输的功能，还成了市民和游人最喜爱的休闲观光好去处。

成都作为西南地区的交通通信枢纽，铁路有成渝、宝成、成昆和达成铁路交汇于此；公路除成渝、成绵、成乐、成雅、成灌高速公路外，还有3条国道通过，形成了以川陕、川藏、川甘和成渝、成阿等23条省级以上公路为骨干的放射型公路网络，成都市是全国公路最密集的城市之一；成都是西南地区最大的航空港。双流国际机场是全国四大空港之一，现已开通了国际国内航线170多条。成都又是西南地区邮电通讯交换中心之一，并先后与160余个国家和地区建立了通信联系。便捷的交通，发达的通讯，把成都与全国各地紧密地连接在一起，架起了成都通向世界各地的桥梁。

熊猫故乡

成都是大熊猫的故乡。

成都近郊有国家森林公园4处，大熊猫生态自然保护区3处。全世界仅存的一千余只大熊猫，80％左右分布在成都及其邻近地区。

全世界最大的大熊猫繁育研究基地也建在成都。

成都动物园是世界上大熊猫最多的城市动物园。到成都旅游您不但可以了解到大熊猫最新的科研成果以及与大熊猫有关的背景和文化。

您还可以去成都鞍子河、大邑黑水河、都江堰市虹口，以及宝兴蜂桶寨、卧龙保护区等大熊猫栖息地和生态自然保护区，领略大自然的风光，追寻大熊猫的踪迹。

天府风光

天府风光是吸引大量中外游人来成都观光游览的又一大特色资源。天府乐土，成都宝地，独特的地型地貌，造就了成都多姿多彩，独特有序的天府风光：田园、丘陵、河渠、湖泊、峡谷、奇峰各具魅力，而且自然景观、人文景观和浓郁的民俗风情融为一体，秀色美景，汇成大观。古往今来，不知有多少文人墨客赞美成都，真是个“九天开出一成都，万户千门入画图”，“剑南山水尽清晖，濯锦江边天下稀”，“繁华盛丽天下无。”

除开刚才已说过的都江堰——青城山景区之外，还有以原始森林、飞瀑流泉、高山天景和雪山草场为特色的大邑西岭雪山；奇险深幽，生态原始的彭州九峰山景区；凝幽滴翠，美自天然的崇州九龙沟；湖山澄碧、曲折幽静的蒲江朝阳湖；丹霞山景、世外仙原般的邛崃天台山，以及金堂的沱江风光、龙池的山林奇观等等，都是爱好游山玩水的旅游者观光游览，享受自然的理想之地。成都平原的农村田园风光富饶美丽，民俗民风，遗存丰富，别真情趣，是天府风光中令人瞩目的一大胜景。大邑县的刘氏庄原，郫县的友爱乡，龙泉的书房村，是开展“农家乐”和田园风光游的好去处。

亲爱的朋友，不管您喜欢什么，在成都您都可以找到满意的去处。想观花，这里有龙泉驿的桃花节、彭州的牡丹节、新都的桂花节；想游湖，这里有风景秀丽的朝阳湖、龙泉湖、桂湖和白塔湖；要登山，这里有奇峰怪石的龙门山，险峻雄奇的天台山、花果飘香的龙泉山；要游园，这里有浓缩世界主要景观的世界乐园，望江公园和人民公园；想感受成都传流的民居文化的韵味，您可以走进一条条由无数四合院连接起来的大街小巷；想领略乡间小镇质朴、宁静的自然风光，您可以到双流黄龙溪古镇、那里古街、古树、古庙、古水陆码头、古战场、古建筑、古文化融为一体，还是“中国火龙之乡”；想观戏，您可以步入戏院欣赏川戏、听那委婉动听的高腔，看那变幻莫测的“变脸”、“吐火”等川剧绝技表演；想品茶，您可以到一间间各具风格的茶馆、茶楼。四川茶馆的特殊氛围，盖碗茶具和高超的掺茶技艺，会使您感受到浓浓的成都茶文化的气息；想吃川菜，成都是正宗川菜发祥地，川菜馆遍布全市，名师荟萃，品味正宗；想吃小吃，成都小吃“驰名中外，品种繁多。色鲜味佳，物美价廉，担担面、钟水饺、龙抄手、赖汤园、韩包子、夫妻肺片等都是成都“小吃”的传统名品，而近年崛起的“火锅”正后来居上，风靡一时。总之一句话，“吃在成都、玩在成都、游在成都”已成为旅游爱好者的共识。

朋友们，近几年来，成都旅游业得到了长足的发展。特别值得一提的是西部大开发，使成都旅游业的发展前景更加广阔。成都将以更丰富的旅游产品，更良好的旅游环境，更优质的旅游服务，迎接祖国和世界各地的朋友们的到来，我们相信大家的成都之旅一定能获得圆满和愉快的感受。

谢谢大家。

第三篇：南京概况导游词

南京概况导游词

各位游客，大家好！（开场语）

欢迎来到素有“六朝佳丽地，金陵帝王州”美誉的南京参观游览。我是江苏省中旅的导游员***，大家可以叫我*导，或者小*。我身旁这位是司机*师傅，他的驾驶技术十分了得，请大家放心。希望在接下来的几天，我俩可以给大家带来一次美好的南京之旅。（南京总括）

南京以“博爱之都”闻名海内外，是江苏省的省会城市，全省政治、经济和文化中心。全市面积6598平方公里，常住人口为741.3万人，下辖2县11区。（地形地貌）

南京位于长江下游的中心地带，主要是丘陵盆地地形，城区附近东有紫金山，西有清凉山，南有牛首山，北有栖霞山。紫金山由东向西延伸，从南京城中横穿而过，使南京城南城北形成了两条水系，南为秦淮河，北为金川河。除此之外，还有玄武湖和莫愁湖宛如两颗璀璨的明珠镶嵌在南京的城东和城西。（历史沿革）

南京是我国首批历史文化名城，著名的七大古都之一，历史上先后有十个朝代在此定都，分别是：东吴、东晋、南朝时的宋、齐、梁、陈、以及后来的南唐、明初、太平天国和中华民国，故而南京又被称作“六朝古都”、“十朝都城”。历朝历代为南京留下了许多名字，如：金陵、秣陵、建邺、建康、蒋州、江宁、昇州、集庆、应天、天京等，有些名字作为南京的地名沿用至今。（交通、经济、科教）

今日南京铁路、公路、航空、水运、管道等运输方式齐全，是华东地区重要的交通枢纽。同时，南京也是中国东部地区重要的综合性工业基地和全国六大通讯枢纽之一。目前已形成了以“电子、石化、钢铁、汽车”四大支柱产业。金陵石化、南汽集团、熊猫电子等著名企业实力雄厚、产品畅销国内外。此外，南京科教实力雄厚，综合实力仅次于北京、上海。教育、科技的发达，为南京城市经济的持续发展奠定了坚实的基础。（城市品牌）

南京城市品牌众多，多次被评为全国十佳卫生城市、全国园林城市、中国优秀旅游城市等称号。南京的绿化水平全国闻名，森林覆盖率达到23%。南京的市树是雪松，市花为梅花。（特产）

说到咱们南京，不得不提的就是与“吃”、“喝”、“玩”、“穿”相对应的四大特产:盐水鸭、雨花茶、雨花石和云锦。（著名风景区）

悠久的历史孕育了南京丰富的旅游资源，东以钟山风景区为主，囊括了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺以及玄武湖；西以石城风景区为看点；南以著名的秦淮风光带为主打；北以沿江风景区为主，包含了长江大桥、阅江楼和静海寺等景点。（结语）

集山、水、城、文为一体的南京，山川形胜，虎踞龙蟠，大气磅礴，正以博大的胸怀迎接着八方来客。

第四篇：海南概况导游词

海南概况导游词

朋友们,现在我们已经上了东线高速公路,和大陆不一样,海南没有明显的城乡结合带,一 出城就是广阔的原野.无论你把目光转向何方, 这里到处都是绿色, 看不到一寸裸露的土地, 小草和树木绿油油的,向你表达它们快乐的心情,来旅游的朋友不仅眼睛绿了,心也绿的.朋友们,海南岛森林覆盖率高达 51.6%,远远超出全国的平均值 13%,被称为“绿色明 珠”,来海南旅游的朋友感觉最舒服的便是我们的眼睛和鼻子,眼睛所看到的都是绿色和蓝 色,鼻子呼吸到的都是清新的空气.这里的山水之美,不是语言可以形容的,需要我们大家 自己用心去体会:椰树是高大挺拔的美,珊瑚是柔软五光十色的美,南山观世音是慈爱富态 的美,黎村是原始古朴的美,蛋民是劳动顽强的美,泰国红艺人是身材艺术的美,朋友们, 海南不缺少美,缺少的是对美的发现.说到美我就想起了苏东坡和佛印和尚的故事.苏东坡喜欢和佛印和尚辩论, 却总也辩不 赢.有一次他们下棋的时候,苏东坡突然说了一句:“大师,你在我的眼里象一堆狗屎!” 谁知佛印和尚并不生气,只是微微地笑了一下,道了声“阿弥陀佛,施主,您在我的眼里却 是一尊金佛.”苏东坡非常得意回家告诉了他妹妹苏小妹,苏小妹也是一个才女,她想了想 说:“哥哥,你又输了,佛印看你是一尊金佛,那是因为人家心中有佛;你看人家是一堆狗 屎,说明你的心就是一堆狗屎!”朋友们,由此可见“美由心生”,如果您用良好的心态去看 待世界,世界就是美好的,光明的;如果您用恶劣的心态看待世界,世界就是黑暗的,丑陋 的,无精打采的.海南最美的是南山,最著名的是天涯海角,最古老的是大小洞天,最开心的是西岛,最 刺激的是潜水,最神秘的是兴隆,最好吃的是海鲜,最有趣的是南湾猴岛,最有乡野气息的 就是万泉河瓢流.朋友们, 往两边一看我们就能感觉到海南真是一个生机盎然的小岛, 这里有充足的阳光 和丰沛的降水,除了种植水稻,橡胶之外,还有很多的水果:椰子,芒果,荔枝,龙眼,菠 萝,菠萝蜜,榴莲,桃杨,木瓜,香瓜,火龙果,人心果,鸡蛋果等等等等,美不胜收,简 直就是“上帝的水果篮”!告诉大家,椰子一年四季都有,分青椰,红椰,金椰,银椰等品种, 其中青椰最多最便宜,一般 2-3 块钱一个,一个椰子可供 2 个人喝,太老椰子有点涩,太嫩 椰子的口味淡,最好吃的是十八九岁的椰子.其它的水果现在正是上市季节,价格也不贵.

朋友们,再看看我们海南的高速公路,就像绿色大海当中穿梭的一条银色的绸缎,它全 长 300 多公里,接连 7 个市县,漂亮吧,对比一下你们的高速路,大家感觉有什么不同呢? 很多朋友都说车少, 不拥挤, 是的, 这是现在, 然而海南的汽车曾经多得让世界吓了一大跳

.这是怎么回事呢?80 年代中后期美国的卫星显示海南岛上到处都是亮闪闪的,这些亮点连 成一片不断地在移动,美国政府大吃一惊,以为中国正在进行新的战略布置,在海南岛上增 派兵力,后来才知道这是汽车走私,大量的外国汽车涌上来,阳光照在车项上不就亮闪闪的 一片.这件事在当时引起了很大的关注.事实上海南的走私从来就没有停止过,和过去比现 在更加隐蔽,更加小心,你想想看,四周都是海水,海岸线又长达 1600 多公里,海关的工 作总是防不胜防.现在一些路边经常放着几个脏乎乎的雪碧瓶子, 里面真的是汽水吗?不是, 是走私汽油.海南走私的物品种类非常多:汽车汽油,家电服装等等,一辆进口小汽车二三 万块钱就能买到,至于珠宝玉石,一旦被海关查到了,送到海南省地质博物馆统一出售,由 于没有关税,价格也非常便宜.另外,刚才有朋友说这条路上没有收费站,“一脚油门踩到 底”,这是一个重要的区别,这是因为海南在全国首家实行公路管理体制改革,将过路费, 过桥费,养路费等费用打在汽油里面,以方便管理,因此海南的油价比大陆大约要贵 40% 左右.路上没有收费站,游客们觉得方便了,然而海南人民负担却重了,大多数家庭的摩托 车也许从来就没有上过高速路,但一样买高价油,这应该是海南人民对游客的默默奉献吧.好的朋友们,高速路不能随便停车,因此要上洗手间的朋友一定要提前打招呼,香港人把解 手说成“唱歌”,我们允许大家独唱,也可以合唱,甚至可以唱山歌,但就是不能对唱.朋友们,海南前些年汽车走私,洋浦开发和房地产热等事件震惊海内外,这两年同样也 有两大事件让海南再次引起国际广泛关注, 一是博鳌亚洲论坛会议召开, 二是陵水的飞机相 撞事件.博鳌位于万泉河的入海口, 景色秀美, 用一位德国旅游专家的话来说: 博鳌有山峦, 有小岛,有河流,有大海等众多旅游资源,如果拆开来看它们不是最美的,但组合在一起却 构成了世界上最美丽的一副风光画卷.入海口处有一条上吉尼斯世界纪录的玉带滩, 它长达 8.5 公里,地形地貌和澳大利亚的黄金海岸非常相似,从空中看仿佛是仙女飘落在大海里的 一根白色的纱巾.玉带滩的两侧呈现出迥然不同的美:一边是万泉河水在静静的流淌,一边 是大海在不停地咆哮, 这一动一静, 一蓝一绿的组合让人感觉大自然的安排是那样的和谐完 美.入海口是目前世界上保存最原始的河流入海口,也正因为如此,亚洲论坛组织才在这里 成立.对于游客来说如果能在万泉河上坐船慢慢地游玩, 再上玉带滩上疯上一把将是一件多 么开心的事,所“吹吹海风,浑身轻松;听听海韵,心中高兴”.还记得那首歌吗:万泉河水 清又清,我编斗笠送红军……

朋友们,唱得不好让大家见笑了,我呢虽然五音不全,但还是 比较喜欢唱歌,从小到大向不同的老师请教过,有一位老师现在住在兴隆,有点与众不同, 她过去是个非常英俊的小伙子,由于思想有点故障,结果一个人跑到北京医院,在手术台上 “咔嚓”一声,把自己变成了一个亭亭玉立大姑娘.现在的她非常的温柔,但你也可以看出一

丝粗犷的影子.她的歌唱得非常好,一个人就可以完成男女声对唱,这是我学不来的,有的 游客喜欢她的男声, 有的喜欢她的女声, 到底是男声好听还是女声好听, 到现在我也说不准.到了兴隆之后您自己去辨别吧.(进入琼海市)好的,朋友们,现在我们要到达的是琼海市,琼海市是红色娘子军的故 乡,也是万泉河的主要流行地.古时候海南岛分为两个郡,东边的叫珠崖郡(大海边上产珍 珠),西边的叫儋耳郡(指黎族人耳朵大),琼海市便处于东边的珠崖郡郡内.琼海市并不 大,1700平方公里,说它是市呢也就是一个县级市,93 年才撤县建市,今年刚好是建市 1 0 周年.海南岛只有两个地级市(海口市和三亚市),其它的市都是县级市.琼海市靠着海 南岛的东海岸,被称作为“台风走廊”,73 年一场特大台风把整个城市夷为平地,所以你在 琼海市看不到旧的楼房,几乎都是新的楼房.风浪冲走了一切,许多人出生证明,学历证明 都找不到了, 琼海市也是海南的一个华侨之乡, 因此您看到的建筑许多都具有明显的南洋风 格.和大陆不一样的是,在海南办理出入境手续的,许多都是一身农民打扮,这些农民也许 一辈子没出过省,但却出了好几国,出去探亲访友,这就是侨乡的特点,因此当地政府也很 注重打侨牌.琼海市的钛矿储量居全国第一,钛是一种比黄金还要稀有昂贵的金属,是制造 飞机等设备的主要原材料.曾经有日本商人搞旅游开发,一年下来不见动静,只见他们一车 一车地拉沙子,原来开发是假,采矿是真,当地政府及时地解除了合约并要求赔偿.好的,朋友们,现在大家适当休息一下,看一看这里非常典型的海南乡村的田园风光,海南 的水稻一年产三季,海南的农民也就特别辛苦.这条路是专门为博鳌亚洲论坛修建的,别看 它不起眼,却走过了许多名人:江泽民,朱榨基,亚洲的各国头头脑脑.凡是热爱祖国的人 都应该到博鳌好好参观一下, 特别是我们的共产党员共青团员, 为什么呢?因为博鳌不仅仅 风光好,而且它是中国的骄傲,亚洲的骄傲.大家知道在国际舞台上充当主角的一直是欧美 国家,亚洲只能作人家的应声虫和跟屁虫,加上亚洲各国自己也不团结,针对这种情况出现 了三位人物:日本的前首相中曾根康弘,菲律宾前总统拉莫斯,澳大利亚前总理霍克,他们 三位提出应该成立亚洲自己的组织,团结我们

自己的力量,讨论我们自己的事务,向世界发 出我们亚洲自己的声音, 他们和江泽民主席一商量便一拍即合, 决定成立, 成立之后选会址, 选来选去选取中了中国海南岛琼海市的博鳌镇, 每年在这里开一次会.博鳌从一个默默无闻 的小渔村一不留神就成了时代的热点, 亚洲的一个中心.博鳌这个名称也是非常有气势的“博 览天下,独占鳌头”,英文是 BOAO,今天我们到博鳌来了,愿每位朋友都能在自己的领域 独占鳌头,大有作为!(到博鳌临下车前)朋友们,来到博鳌我们将第一次看见美丽的南中国海,到了玉带滩之后,大家只能湿

脚但不能湿身,据说海南的海水对治疗“香港脚”特别有效.同时大家还要多做深呼吸,连外 国朋友都说海南岛的空气每呼吸一下值两美分, 博鳌是一个新的景点,人比较拥挤,下车之后大家动作快一点,要跟上队伍,小摊旁边 人多手杂,注意看好自己的行李.(在船上)给游客指点“一口饮三江”(出博鳌)好的,朋友们,感受到海南的天气了吧,骄阳似火,有人说海南真热,海南是我国唯 一的一个热带海岛省份,被称为“热岛”,它要不热就不叫海南岛了.这个地方秋去春来,长 夏长冬,连古人都说“四季皆为夏,一雨便成秋”.太阳一年两次从头顶走过,紫外线非常强 烈,对皮肤的伤害是很大的,所以我们不主张大家进行阳光浴,沙滩浴,海水浴.要是你不 小心被晒黑了也不要紧,和当地人一样成为黑珍珠了,黑亮黑亮的,成为珍珠中的极品.不 过海南属于热带海洋性气候,受海洋的影响很大,加上森林的调节,所以本地并不是酷热难 耐,很多时候也非常的凉爽.好的,朋友们,相关的情况先介绍到这里.不知道大家有什么问题没有?没有问题,那 我就要问大家一个问题:海南被叫做长寿岛,为什么?对此,许多外地的朋友都不能理解, 热带物种应该成熟快,寿命短,例如海南的水稻就是一年三熟,同纬度的非洲,印度居民寿 命也不长,海南为什么会叫做长寿岛?要想成为长寿地区,不是瞎说的,国家是有标准的: 每 10 万个人当中百岁老人要有 3 个,按照这个标准我国大陆(四川,湖北,广西,新疆, 江苏,辽宁,可略去)有 6 个地方被列为长寿之乡,而海南每 10 万个人当中百岁老人达到 4.7 个,按着这个比例三亚市南山村的百岁老人至少有 250 人,完全可以申请“世界长寿之 乡”的称号了,真所谓“福如东海长流水,寿比南山不老松”!海南之所以有这么多的长寿老人, 这是因为海南有一个美丽纯净的自然环境, 更重要的 是海南人的饮食结构非常合理,长年吃海产品,海鱼,海虾,海呀,这些都是低脂肪,低胆 固醇,高蛋白的食品,既滋补身体又不会长胖,第三就是海南人有喝茶的传统,特别是长在 五指山上的野生苦丁茶,这种茶树和板蓝根一样

属于大叶冬青科植物,既是茶也是药,对身 体有保健作用.不过市面上有很多都是人工茶叶在冒充.第四呢,就是因为海南人性格比较 柔缓,不太冲动.“人到七十古来稀”在海南真的快成了一句古话了.很多家庭都以家里有百岁老人为荣, 子女们也很孝顺,即使家里再不富丽,也要把电视机,电风扇等物品放进老人房间,让老人 过得舒服一点,家里还经常煲点骨头汤给老人喝,以补充营养.在海南的黎族有这样一个风

俗:子女结婚的时候都要送给父母一对玳瑁手镯,以报答父母的养育之恩,同时也祝愿父母 健康长寿,因为玳瑁能活千年,是长寿的象征,同时也是活血去风湿的.而等到子女生了小 孩,小孩子满月的时候,长辈就要给小孩脖胞前戴上一个玳瑁的平安扣,起到镇惊的作用.黎族是一个非常有灵气的民族,他们没有宗教,信奉祖先和神灵(鳌神),有关这个民族的 情况明天我将会做详细的介绍.介绍红色娘子军时再介绍一下海岛女民兵, 是海南妇女的另外一面旗帜.毛主席的那首 诗: 飒爽英姿态五尺枪,曙光初照演兵场,中华儿女多奇志,不爱红装爱武装

第五篇：海南概况导游词

朋友们，现在我们已经上了东线高速公路，和大陆不一样，海南没有明显的城乡结合带，一出城就是广阔的原野。无论你把目光转向何方，这里到处都是绿色，看不到一寸裸露的土地，小草和树木绿油油的，向你表达它们快乐的心情，来旅游的朋友不仅眼睛绿了，心也绿的。朋友们，海南岛森林覆盖率高达51.6%，远远超出全国的平均值13%，被称为“绿色明珠”，来海南旅游的朋友感觉最舒服的便是我们的眼睛和鼻子，眼睛所看到的都是绿色和蓝色，鼻子呼吸到的都是清新的空气。这里的山水之美，不是语言可以形容的，需要我们大家自己用心去体会：椰树是高大挺拔的美、珊瑚是柔软五光十色的美、南山观世音是慈爱富态的美、黎村是原始古朴的美、蛋民是劳动顽强的美，泰国红艺人是身材艺术的美，朋友们，海南不缺少美，缺少的是对美的发现。

说到美我就想起了苏东坡和佛印和尚的故事。苏东坡喜欢和佛印和尚辩论，却总也辩不赢。有一次他们下棋的时候，苏东坡突然说了一句：“大师，你在我的眼里象一堆狗屎！”谁知佛印和尚并不生气，只是微微地笑了一下，道了声“阿弥陀佛，施主，您在我的眼里却是一尊金佛。”苏东坡非常得意回家告诉了他妹妹苏小妹，苏小妹也是一个才女，她想了想说：“哥哥，你又输了，佛印看你是一尊金佛，那是因为人家心中有佛；你看人家是一堆狗屎，说明你的心就是一堆狗屎！”朋友们，由此可见“美由心生”，如果您用良好的心态去看待世界，世界就是美好的、光明的；如果您用恶劣的心态看待世界，世界就是黑暗的，丑陋的，无精打采的。

海南最美的是南山，最著名的是天涯海角、最古老的是大小洞天、最开心的是西岛、最刺激的是潜水、最神秘的是兴隆、最好吃的是海鲜，最有趣的是南湾猴岛，最有乡野气息的就是万泉河瓢流。

朋友们，往两边一看我们就能感觉到海南真是一个生机盎然的小岛，这里有充足的阳光和丰沛的降水，除了种植水稻、橡胶之外，还有很多的水果：椰子、芒果、荔枝、龙眼、菠萝、菠萝蜜、榴莲、桃杨、木瓜、香瓜、火龙果、人心果、鸡蛋果等等等等，美不胜收，简直就是“上帝的水果篮”！告诉大家，椰子一年四季都有，分青椰、红椰、金椰、银椰等品种，其中青椰最多最便宜，一般2-3块钱一个，一个椰子可供2个人喝，太老椰子有点涩，太嫩椰子的口味淡，最好吃的是十八九岁的椰子。其它的水果现在正是上市季节，价格也不贵。

朋友们，再看看我们海南的高速公路，就像绿色大海当中穿梭的一条银色的绸缎，它全长300多公里，接连7个市县，漂亮吧，对比一下你们的高速路，大家感觉有什么不同呢？很多朋友都说车少，不拥挤，是的，这是现在，然而海南的汽车曾经多得让世界吓了一大跳。这是怎么回事呢？80年代中后期美国的卫星显示海南岛上到处都是亮闪闪的，这些亮点连成一片不断地在移动，美国政府大吃一惊，以为中国正在进行新的战略布置，在海南岛上增派兵力，后来才知道这是汽车走私，大量的外国汽车涌上来，阳光照在车项上不就亮闪闪的一片。这件事在当时引起了很大的关注。事实上海南的走私从来就没有停止过，和过去比现在更加隐蔽，更加小心，你想想看，四周都是海水，海岸线又长达1600多公里，海关的工作总是防不胜防。现在一些路边经常放着几个脏乎乎的雪碧瓶子，里面真的是汽水吗？不是，是走私汽油。海南走私的物品种类非常多：汽车汽油、家电服装等等，一辆进口小汽车二三万块钱就能买到，至于珠宝玉石，一旦被海关查到了，送到海南省地质博物馆统一出售，由于没有关税，价格也非常便宜。另外，刚才有朋友说这条路上没有收费站，“一脚油门踩到底”，这是一个重要的区别，这是因为海南在全国首家实行公路管理体制改革，将过路费、过桥费、养路费等费用打在汽油里面，以方便管理，因此海南的油价比大陆大约要贵40%左右。路上没有收费站，游客们觉得方便了，然而海南人民负担却重了，大多数家庭的摩托车也许从来就没有上过高速路，但一样买高价油，这应该是海南人民对游客的默默奉献吧。好的朋友们，高速路不能随便停车，因此要上洗手间的朋友一定要提前打招呼，香港人把解手说成“唱歌”，我们允许大家独唱，也可以合唱，甚至可以唱山歌，但就是不能对唱。www.xiexiebang.com-->