第一篇：高中语法定语从句与同位语从句（推荐）
同位语从句
1.概念：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句。
2.什么是同位语？
同位语：一个名词（或其他形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其他形式）就是同位语。
3.同位语举例
（1）Mr.Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.（2）I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.（3）But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”
（4）The girls were surprised the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区分。
（1）定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分.如：He is the man that never listens to any tapes
The fact that they did not finish the work has to be faced.(2)引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替.如： The news that she heard is true
The news that she will go abroad is true
（3）由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但 它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位
如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.
第二篇：定语从句与同位语从句(全)
教案7.21
定语从句详细讲解
一、定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳 大利亚的信。5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科 学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房 子里。
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.=Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。１.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for，look after，take care of 等。This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)这是我正在找的手表。The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系 代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。（将先行词带入试试，可以看出介词是否有问题）如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地爱着他的父 母，他们俩待他都很好。In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.篮子里有好些 苹果，有些已经坏了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我们班总 共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。
四、关系副词引导的定语从句 1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。The time when we got together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。
五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
句型 意义 翻译 非限制性定语从句 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句 限制性定语从句 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 逗号 that 限制性定语从句举例： 有 不可用 无 可用 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老师告诉我说 汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很 严格。China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中国是1949年 成立的，现在正变得越来越强大。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held ev ery year.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
（一）只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing(除something), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。(不重要，知道就行)注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4．当先行词被the very（恰恰）, the only（唯一）, the sane（同样）, the last（最后）等词修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。（不重要，知道就行）注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴。7.当先行词是way，manner，measure等表示方法的词和cause、reason、matter 等表示原因的词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： The cause(in which)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(why)we support them is unquestionable.=The cause(that)we support them is unquestionable.我们援助他们的理由是不容置疑的 She admired the way（that）they solved the questions.I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
（二）只能使用关系词which不使用that的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系词which,不能使用关系词that Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得它很轻。2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。（该句中的in which=where）
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。注：that引导的从句修饰先行词the novel，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词the library。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于提高你英语的那本英语语法书。注：句中俩逗号夹的那一部分就是插入语，为了不影响对句子结构的理解，看到插入语类似这种的成分可以先划掉，去分析其他部分的句子。
5、先行词为that时。The clock is thatwhich can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。注：该句也可以换成名词性从句“The clock is what can tell us the time.”
（三）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况 是：
1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。
2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是发展中国家。He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.张华已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。3.当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句 There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but = who don’t）同位语从句详细讲解
一、定义及相关术语
同位语：一个名词或代词后面有时跟一个名词或起名词作用的成分，对前者进一步说明。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明前面名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。同位语从句的引导词有：关系代词（that,，whether，what，which，who），关系副词（when，where，why，how），通常由that引导。常用于同位语从句的名词有：advice（建议），demand（要求），information（信息），news（信息），order（命令），promise（答应），request（要求），suggestion（建议），wish（希望），word(话),agreement（一致意见），assumption（假定），awareness（意识），belief（信仰），conclusion（结论），conviction（深信），decision（决定），delusion（错觉），determination（决心），discovery（发现），doubt（怀疑），dream（梦想），evidence（证据），explanation（解释），fact（事实），feeling（感觉），guarantee（保证），guess（猜测）,hope(希望),idea(观点), knowledge(认识),likelihood(可能性),message(信息), mind(想法), news(消息),notion(观念),objection(反对),opinion(观点),possibility(可能性),prediction(预测),probability(可能性),problem(问题),proof(证据),proposal(建议),proposition(论点、主张),question(问题),realization(认识),rumor(传闻),sign(迹象),truth(事实),theory(理论),thought(想法)，answer（回答）等等抽象名词。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
二、同位语从句的引导词使用情况
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。解析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。解析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.解析：he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.解析：he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。同位语从句常后置。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled（逃跑）the city.The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽 车。
三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如： Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairmanthat the new rule(should)be adopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
一、意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与先行词是同位关系；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它与先行词是修饰关系。We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the newsthat he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)
二、引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever等可引导同位语从句，但不引导定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。The news that he told me is true.（定）他告诉我的消息是真的。The news that he has just died is true.（同）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
三、被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。I have no ideawhen they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定)We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题，为 什么这是最好的选择。(同)Thereasonwhy he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill.他未能来开会，原因是他 生病了。(定)
四、是否可以发展成完整句子 同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。A.The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:
1.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in London.（D）Anone of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 2.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 3.1)I have three children，and two of _____ are doctors.2)I have three children，two of ____ are doctors.A them B that C which D whom(A D)4.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.（D）A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds（引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是students,指人，所以引导定语从句应该用whom，也可以说twothirdsofwhom）5.I have bought two pencils，_____ writes well.（D）A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which（都是没有一个的意思，但none of 用于三者以上neither of 只用于两者之间）6.These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为“such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as”引导的定语从句，意为“......像......一样的”。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。7.I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。8.I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.9.I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况经常是这样）等。如填it，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为is that。11.This is the first time ________ he has been here.（that）12.I don't like the way ________ you speak to her.（that/省略）13．This is the best factory ____we visited last year.（that）14.Please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red.(whose)16.Do you know the comrade(战友)____we are talking ? A.to whom B.to who C.whom D.to that 17.They visited the house ___the great writer was born.（born in 后往往接地点、年份或大地点，born on 后面往往接具体的某一天，born from表示源自……，由……而生（灵感）,born of 出生于….家庭）（B）A.from where B.in which C.which D.in where 18.The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.（who）19.He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class.（that）20.I’ll visit the professor tomorrow,______he will be back from Shanghai.(when)21.The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here.(where)22.Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north.(whose)23.Who is the man ____was there ?(that)24.Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir?(that)25.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.(which)26.George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.27.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.(whose)28.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.(which)29.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(where)30．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.（which）31．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.(which)32.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.(which)33.Is there anything ______ I can do for you in town? 34.All the books ______ have selected are useful ones.35.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out the plan.36.This is one of the most exciting table tennis games ______ I have ever seen.37.The last place ______ we visited in the countryside was a farm.38.They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school.39.Who ______ has seen the film doesn’t like it? 40.I’ll never forget the Sunday ______ my baby was born.41.This is the way ______ my father did this work.1.We have some doubt _____ they can complete the task on time.（whether）2.There is no doubt ______ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.（that）3.The rumour（谣言）spread _____ a new school would be built here.(that)4.Report has it ____the Smiths are leaving town.(that)5.The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village.(that)判断下列句子为定语从句还是同位语从句 1.The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定）2.The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同）3.The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定）4.The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同）
第三篇：高中语法精品学案——定语从句
2012版英语一轮语法专项精品学案：定语从句
whose 是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等修饰人或物。of which 可以代替whose 指物，词序一般是名词＋of which 或of which ＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose 指人，词序是名词＋of whom。
Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。
The newly-built cafe，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。1.Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A．what
C．which
B．whose D．that 解析： 句意为：一些不是很活跃，或者他们的饮食中热量太高的孩子会很快长胖。本题考查定语从句。先行词为children，or 连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，第二个引导词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children’s diet，故选择B项。答案： B 2．The old temple________roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A．where
C．its
B．which D．whose 解析： 句意为：那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修当中。本题考查定语从句的用法。此句先行词是the old temple，代入定语从句后为：The_old_temple’s roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose 引导。答案： D 3．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.A．whom
C．them
B．which D．those 解析： 句意为：近千人在这一小社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。本题考查定语从句。先行词为1,000 people，代入定语从句为many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用whom。
答案： A[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在会议中我与他谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
注意： 但是在下面一句中for 不可以提前，因为look for 是动词词组。
This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for.[来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K] 这就是你找的那个人。
2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
1.(2011·龙岩检测)At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.A．after that
C．after it
B．after which D．after this 解析： 考查定语从句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development 是非限制性定语从句。答案： B 2．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.A．on which
C．to which
B．by which D．from which 解析： 句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。考查定语从句。return to重新利用，属于固定搭配。故排除含有介词on，by 和from 的A、B、D项。答案： C 3．(2011·东北三校一模)There are 51 students in Class Three，________failed in the test.A．all of which
B．all of them
C．none of whom
D．none of them 解析： 考查定语从句。后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，应用whom引导。因为前后两句之间没有并列连词，所以B、D两项不正确。答案： C point，situation，case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where 作状语)把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。
Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that 作宾语)现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。
1.(2011·云南检测)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.A．why
C．how
B．where D．/ 解析： the point 作介词on的宾语，因此应选用关系代词或者省略。答案： D 2． I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which
C．how
B．where D．why 解析： 句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where 引导定语从句修饰先行词point。答案： B 3． The doctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point________he could walk correctly and safely.A．where
C．which
B．when D．that 解析： point 为先行词，后面为定语从句，在定语从句中walk 为不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，且表时间故用when引导。句意为：医生说，病人的治疗要持续到他能够安全稳当地行走为止。答案： B 1．as 与which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。He married her，as(which)was natural.很自然地，他和她结婚了。
(2009·山东卷)Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。2．但在下列情况下一般只能用as。
(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which 则不能。
As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我们所知，地球表面的70%以上被水覆盖。
(2)as 表示“正如，正像”，而which 无此意。
此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest 等单词或短语。He came back home late，as we expected.正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
(3)当先行词被the same，such 修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。I bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你一样的书。
I’ll give you such things as you may need.我将给你你需要的东西。
He’ll marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他将与他能发现的最漂亮的女孩结婚。
(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that 也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same...that(指同一个)This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。
1.(2011·山东潍坊质量抽样)Her books were all over the dining table，________meant we had to eat in the kitchen.A．which
C．that
B．what D．it 解析： 句意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which 引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。
答案： A 2．(2011·浙江金华一中月考)Mrs Black took the police back to ________ place________she witnessed the robbery.A．the same；that
B．the same；as C．the same；where
D．as the same；is 解析： 句意为：Black 夫人把警察带到她目睹抢劫案的那个地方。可见在以the same place 为先行词的定语从句中，从句缺少的是地点状语，因此用where。A、B两项中的引导词that，as均为关系代词，要在从句中作主语或宾语，故错误。答案： C 3．(2011·银川实验中学第一次月考)________is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A．Which
C．That
B．As D．It 解析： as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首，which引导的定语从句不能放在主句的前面；that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。it 可以作形式主语，如果把句子中的逗号改为that，D项也正确。句意为：正像上文提到的那样，高中生的数量在增长。答案： B 4． After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.A．that
B．which D．where C．when
解析： 句意为：大学毕业之后，我休息了一段时间去旅游，结果证明这是一个明智的决定。本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知第二个逗号后是一非限制性定语从句，排除A项；定语从句缺主语，排除C、D两项，先行词是逗号前的整个句子，所以B为正确答案。答案： B 5．(2011·黄冈检测)Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ________few residents had ever experienced before.A．as
B．which D．that C．and it was
解析： 考查定语从句。as在此处为关系代词，作experienced 的宾语。答案： A
6． In China，the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.A．where
C．whose
B．which D．that 解析： 句意为：在中国，城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。考查定语从句。先行词为cities，代入定语从句后为：The cities’ development is recognized across the world.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。答案： C 7． I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________I met in the English speech contest last year.A．who
B．where D．which C．when
解析： 代入定语从句后为：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，故用who/whom/that引导，故答案为A。答案： A 8 That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.A．that
B．which D．what C．whose
解析： 句意为：那台新机器的部件太小了，以至于都看不见。考查定语从句。先行词为the new machine，代入定语从句后为：the new machine’s parts are too small to be seen，可以看出the new machine 在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。答案： C 9． As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________is named after his grandfather.A．which
C．what
B．where D．that 解析： 句意为：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是a village school，代入定语从句后为：The village school is named after his grandfather.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。答案： A 10． The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.A．where
C．which
B．who[来源:学,科,网] D．what 解析： 句意为：这个女孩准备在培训中心和她姐姐一起上钢琴课。在那里她将待一小时。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the training centre，从句中缺少地点状语，故选where。答案： A 11． I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.A．who
B．that C．as
D．what 解析： 句意为：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受的责备。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。先行词在从句中作主语，而且为不定代词something，关系词只能用that。答案： B 12． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it
B．in D．in which C．in that
解析： 分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填介词in，且其后不能再有宾语。答案： B 13． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which
B．with which C．about which
D．into which 解析： 句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。答案： C 14．A person________email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails.A．who
B．whom C．whose
D．whoever 解析： 句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：whose e-mail account is full.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语
从句。答案： C 15． She brought with her three friends，none of ________I had ever met before.A．them
B．who D．these C．whom
解析：
句意为：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。
答案： C 关系代词that与which的用法区别
(1)关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况： ①关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候：
This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。
②关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时： He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
(2)that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
①当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。②当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
③当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K] 这正是我要买的词典。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
④当人和物同时作先行词时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ ⑤当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost？哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal？获金牌的小男孩是谁？ 介词＋关系代词
(1)介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。In the dark street，there wasn’t single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
(2)当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(3)介词＋which/who＋不定式结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。
(4)of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
注意：(1)such...as...(定语从句)像…… 那样[来源:学科网ZXXK] such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于…… This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)这是个简单的问题，我能回答。(2)the same...as...表示相似的东西 the same...that...表示同一人或物
This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。关系代词as，which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.后两句属名词性从句范畴。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com](3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
As is known to all，Edison invented the telephone.＝Edison invented the telephone，as is known to all.使用定语从句应注意的几个问题
(1)当先行词是way，意为“方式，方法”，在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种： 我不喜欢他说话的方式。(2)注意区别先行词和引导词。①Is this＋名词＋the one ＋that从句 ②Is this the＋名词＋that从句
(3)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中的成分。
Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？ Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？
(4)当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。
(1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词
He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词 He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通过考试的学生。
(3)其他情况
I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。
Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事吗？ 1． It’s helpful to put children in a situation________they can see themselves differently.A．that B．when D．where C．which
【解析】 句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themselves differently in_the_situation.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。【答案】 D 2． Whenever I met her，________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.A．who B．which D．that C．when
【解析】 此处考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地向我 微笑。【答案】 B 3． The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it B．in D．in which C．in that
【解析】 分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填介词in，且其后不能再有宾语。【答案】 B 4． Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.A．of which B．with which C．about which
D．into which 【解析】 句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词为subject，带入定语从句后为：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作about的宾语，介词about提前，故用关系代词which。【答案】 C 5． A person________email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A．who
C．whose
B．whom D．whoever 【解析】 句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：whose e-mail account is full.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句。【答案】 C 6． She brought with her three friends，none of________I had ever met before.A．them B．who D．these C．whom
【解析】
句意为：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。
【答案】 C
7． My friend showed me round the town，________was very kind of him.A．which
C．where
B．that D．it 【解析】 句意为：我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。本题was缺少主语，排除where；it不能引导定语从句，排除it；that不引导非限制性定语从句，排除that。[来源:学科网] 【答案】 A 8．I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A．which
C．how
B．where D．why 【解析】
句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where引导定语从句修饰先行词point。【答案】 B 9． They’ve won their last three matches，________I find a bit surprising actually.A．that
C．what B．when
D．which 【解析】 句意为：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。考查定语从句。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。【答案】 D 10．Because of the financial crisis，days are gone________local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A．if B．when D．since C．which
【解析】 句意为：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要6 000元的日子一去不复返了。when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night作days的定语，关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。【答案】 B 11． Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009，________US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four-day state visit.A．which
C．where
B．in that D．that 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。where引导的定语从句修饰先行词the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum。【答案】 C
12． “You’ll have to wait for two hours，________is，about 11∶30，________the medical report will come out，” the doctor said to me.A．that；when
C．that；before B．which；that D．which；when 【解析】 考查插入语和定语从句的用法。that is是插入语，意思是“也就是”；when引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的时间11∶30。【答案】 A 13．I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which
C．which
B．how D．what[来源:Z*xx*k.Com] 【解析】 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。【答案】 C 14． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose
C．of whom B．of whose D．for whom 【解析】 考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for＋关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。【答案】 D 15．Nowadays，when people talk about magicians，the first one________comes into their mind is Liu Qian.A．whom C．that
B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空缺处应填一个关系代词且该关系代词在定语从句中充当主语且指人，先行词前有the first修饰，所以选that。【答案】 C 16． He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that C．that；whose B．what；this D．where；which 【解析】 考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。【答案】 D
17． All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.[来源:学_科_网] A．why B．where D．that C．which
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this family。【答案】 B 18．Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations________appear in the working world.A．where C．that
B．when D．what 【解析】 本题考查定语从句。句意为：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的功课不足以应对工作中的所有情况。先行词是the situation，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world。【答案】 C 19． This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance，________covers possible real life issues.A．whose
C．that
B．which D．what 【解析】 考查定语从句。which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Life Guidance。cover覆盖，涉及。【答案】 B 10． All________is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A．what is needed B．for our needs C．the thing needed
D．that is needed 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意为：现在所需要的是基本生活必需品的不断的供应。在该句中，主语部分含有一个定语从句，先行词是all，在主句中作主语，因此要用关系代词that。all that is needed＝what is needed。【答案】 D 11．As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which
C．what B．that D．where 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I am sure为插入语。【答案】 A 12． The days are gone________we studied together at college，but I can still remember your lovely voice.A．which C．that
B．in which D．when 【解析】 考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days，在定语从句中充当状语。【答案】 D
13．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.A．That C．As B．Which D．It 【解析】 考查定语从句。as此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容。as意为“正如”。【答案】 C 14． Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents________students got injured or killed while in school.A．in which
B．for which C．which
D．when 【解析】 该题考查从句。该句中的which是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词accidents。句意为“由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题”。【答案】 A 15．Everyone has periods in their lives________everything seems very hard.A．when
C．which
B．where D．that 【解析】 考查定语从句。关系副词when指代先行词periods，且在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于during which。【答案】 A
16．(2011·天津十校联考)Patience，without________you can’t do the work well，is a kind of quality.A．that
B．it
C．which
D．what 解析： 句意为：耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。此处考查了定语从句中“介词＋which”的情况，which指代的是先行词patience。
答案： C 17． The owner wanted to charge $5,000 for his car，________I managed to lower to $3,500.A．since
C．which
B．what D．that 解析： 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当lower 的宾语，而that不能引导非限性定语从句。
答案： C 18．(2011·安徽合肥第一次质检)I still can’t believe my eyes when I remember the scene________the best player should miss the pass.A．that
C．where
B．which D．how 解析： where 引导定语从句修饰先行词scene，where在从句中作状语。句意为：当我记起当时那个最好的选手没有过关时，我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
答案： C 19．(2011·北京东城期末目标检测)________was reported in the paper，people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.A．It
C．As
B．That D．What 解析： 选择定语从句的引导词的关键是：在主句中找出先行词。该句中定语从句的先行词是后面的整个句子people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.答案： C 20．(2011·青岛联合模拟)China’s new food law provides for a food recall system ________producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards.A．where
C．when
B．that D．which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a food recall system，定语从句为producers have to stop production if their food isn’t up to standards(in the food recall system)，故选A。
答案： A 21． Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning，________we think will benefit us in the long term.A．what
B．that
C．which
D．who 解析： 本题考查定语从句。本题属于非限制性定语从句，从句意可知关系代词指代a good habit of learning，在从句中作主语，因此选择which。
答案： C 22．(2011·福建龙岩检测)Remember that there is still one point________we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.A．where
C．when
B．why D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。解定语从句题的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是one point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，这里先行词在从句中作make clear的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，据此选D项。
答案： D 23．She’s in a hopeless situation，________we will keep a very close eye on.A．where
C．which
B．when D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。定语从句的解题关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是a hopeless situation，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处关系词在从句中作on的宾语，同时这里又是非限制性定语从句，所以应该用关系代词which，选C项。
答案： C 24．I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions ________she stopped working because of ill health.A．that
C．where
B．when D．which 解析： 考查定语从句。根据语意“我记得她很少因生病而停止工作”可知，定语从句引导词在从句中作状语，故用when。
答案： B 25．(2011·海南五校联考)The moment________John will never forget is________Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.A．that；that
C．when；that
B．that；when D．when；when 解析： 考查从句引导词。第一空用that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词The moment；第二空用when引导表语从句，并在从句中作时间状语，故答案为B。
答案： B 26．(2010·福建四地六校第三次联考)I don’t like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A．in which
B．how
C．which
D．what 解析： 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。答案： C 27． John，________money is no problem，still leads a simple life.A．for whose
C．of whom
B．of whose D．for whom 解析： 考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for＋关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。
答案： D 28．(2010·苏州模拟)He didn’t put the things________they belonged，for________he got his punishment.A．which；that
C．that；whose
B．what；this D．where；which 解析： 考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。
答案： D 29．(2010·浙江嘉兴二模)All the neighbors admire this family，________the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.A．why
C．which
B．where D．that 解析： 考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this family。
答案： B 30．(2010·日照二模)As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas，________，I am sure，will benefit the people out of work.A．which
C．what
B．that D．where 解析： 考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I am sure为插入语。答案： A
第四篇：定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
一、从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）
Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）
Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）
二、从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）
The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise
三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。同位语从句）
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。
That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which来代替。
The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups
was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。
同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，(that虽不作成份，但不能省略）
The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）
定语从句与强调句型的区别
强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要
与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。
定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。定语从句中的主谓一致
1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。
e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs
of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数； the(only)one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。
e.g.Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.3、主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am.e.g.I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free
第五篇：浅议同位语从句
浅议同位语从句
夏文华（河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码：064400）
摘要：同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象，为了使学生更好地理解并掌握这一语法现象，本文从同位语从句的含义、正确运用同位语从句的引导词以及同位语从句和定语从句的区别等几个方面对同位语从句进行了探讨和分析。
关键词：同位语从句，同位语从句是中学阶段比较常见的语法现象，由于与定语从句位置相同，且汉语中没有相同的概念，因此很多学生对于这一语法现象理解不够透彻，在学习时总是较难掌握。笔者结合自己多年的教学工作经验对这一语法现象进行一下分析。
一、同位语从句
1.所谓同位语，顾名思义，就是位于名词或代词后，对之起进一步解释说明作用的词，如果起此作用的不是一个词而是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫做同位语从句。
2.常跟有同位语从句的名词：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。
例如：人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 3课文中的句子： The name “whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly（.Page 17）又如Page 27: There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again.3.常用连接词：同位语从句一般由that, where, when, why, how, who, what等引导。
如人教版高中英语教材第二册Unit 5中的句子：The idea that England stands for Fish & Clips, Speaker’s Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.(Page 35)。同位语有一个典型句型I have no idea结构，有的人把这个句型列入宾语从句的范畴，因为I have no idea意思就是I don’t know...。但是严格的从语法角度来看还应该属于同位语从句。
I have no idea where I should go.I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.有时候主句的谓语比较短，同位语从句比较长，这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。如：Word(消息)came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.二、同位语从句和定语从句的比较
1.从位置上看。同位语从句与定语从句在句中的位置都是在名词后，不同之处在于：定语从句对对它前面的名词起修饰限制的作用，属于形容词性从句；同位语从句主要是对它前面的名词进行解释和说明，属于名词性从句。例如人教版 高中英语教材第二册Unit 14有这样一个同位语从句: It’s a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.（Page 13）。又如The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.2、从连接词that上看。在同位语从句中，that是连词，在从句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，没有实在意义，但是不能省略。如人教版高中英语教材第一册Unit 16中的句子: Scientists say that if a medicine works with animals, there is a very high chance that it also works with people.（Page 23）。在定语从句中，that是关系代词，在从句中起连接作用，并充当从句中的句子成分（主语、宾语、表语等）。that作宾语时可以省略，同时指代先行词。如：The book(that)she lent me is interesting.3、从内容上看。对于有些名词后既可以带有定语从句，又可以带有同位语从句的情况，一般是根据从句和名词的关系来进行判断，如果是对名词作进一步的阐明，则是同位语从句，反之则是定语从句，另外还可以从名词本身的意思来进行判断，带有同位语从句的名词一般为抽象名词，而定语从句几乎可以修饰任何名词。
比较：
(1)The suggestion(that)she has given at the meeting is good.(定语从句)(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位语从句）(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议，不是别人的建议，也就是限定了the suggestion的范围，但并没有说明建议的内容，从结构上分析，that是give的宾语，所以这个从句是定语从句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容，同时，that只起连词作用，在从句中既不是主语，也不是宾语，但不能省略，所以它是同位语从句。
又如：(1)The news that the teacher told us is very exciting.(2)The news that our team had won the game is exciting.通过同样的办法我们可以判断(1)句中划线部分为定语从句，(2)句中划线部分为同位语从句。
很多学生认为英语中的语法现象有的很相似，不易区分，其实任何一种语言中的语法现象都不是完全相同的，而是有区别的，只要我们在平时的学习中多注意，多观察，认真领会并分析，相信一定能够区分并能很好运用。
参考书目： 外语教学与研究出版社《使用英语语法》张道真编著
高等教育出版社 《高级英语语法》薄冰主编
人民教育出版社
普通高级中学英语教科书
作者姓名：夏文华
联系电话：*** 通讯地址：河北省迁安市教师进修学校 邮政编码：064400
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