第一篇：议论文写作
议论文写作模板
1.利弊议论文
Model 1
It is a new thing that_____.Many people welcome this new development while others have expressed their concern about this.Those who take sides against this new trend believe that _____ because_____.One common argument, however, for ____ is that_____.Of the two views discussed above, I am in favor of the _____.My reason is that____.Model 2
As is known to all, there has been a wave of ____.There are many advantages / disadvantages of this modern way.First of all, _____.In the second place, _____.Lastly, _____.In a word, ____.Model 3
When asked about ____, different people will offer different opinions.Some people take it for granted that _____.In their mind, ____.Besides, ______.However, others hold that ____.They maintain that ____.Weighting up these two arguments, I am for the first one.For one thing, ____.For another, _____.Therefore, as stated above, ____.Model 4
____ is becoming more popular in ____, especially among ____.Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of ____.There are several reasons for its popularity.First, ____.Second, ____.However, in terms of _____.2.个人观点议论文
Model(1)
Nowadays more and more people pay more attention to _____.Some people argue that ____ while others firmly hold that _____.In my opinion, I think this question should be probed in depth.On one hand, the first group is not totally correct because ____.On the other hand, the second group seems ____ because ____.In a word, we can see clearly that the key lies in ____.Otherwise _____.Model(2)
It becomes a common tendency these days for people to ____.Many people are opposed to ____ because they think_____.They also argue that ____.In my mind, however, I can’t agree with ____.At the same time, _____.In addition, ______.In conclusion, ______.Model(3)
____ has been one medium of communication that has connected all the people around world.More and more people tend to concern the ____, because it is so _____ that _____.The advantages of ____ are obvious to some people.For one thing, in terms of ____, _____.As a result, _____.Consequently, _____.For another thing, _____.Personally, I side with the former opinion.Because _____.However, _____.Model(4)
Presently, one phenomenon calls for people’ s attention that ____.In general, ______.For one thing, _____.(For example, _____.)For another, _____.As far as I am concerned, _____.To sum up, _____.3.解决方法类议论文
Model(1)
If you ____, what will you feel? Of course, you will feel ___ because _____.Besides this, ____.For one thing, ____, For another, _____.No easy solution can be taken to cope with the problem of ____, but ____.Therefore, my viewpoint is that _____.There is no doubt that ____.Model(2)
Most of us today recognize that ____ has been a greatly serious problem.Therefore, _____.From above, we can find that the reasons why ____, are as follows, the primary reason, I think, _____.For example, _____.However, ____.Second, _____.The third reason actually is the result of ____.Therefore, _____.Moreover, _____.Let’s make our good efforts, and _____.图画类作文模板
开头(1)As is vividly depicted in the picture,，which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts.(2)The most striking feature that impresses me deeply is that unbelievably,，(3)Recent few years has witnessed a phenomenon of 主题 which seems to be disastrous to individual survival and prosperity.(4)This phenomenon of 主题 should be condemned severely or made illegal.(5)There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.中间(1)To account for the above-mentioned phenomenon, several serious effects have been put forward.(2)To begin with,主题 not only results does harm to our physical and mental health but also results in a frustrating and humiliating life.(3)In addition, nothing is more harmful than主题 to contradict with a harmonious society.(4)Last but not the least, no issue is as harmful as 主题 to increase family burdens, which is a threatening situation we are unwilling to see.(5)No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below.(6)According to a survey made by China Daily, 63.93% of young people who have ever experienced主题will live a dull life or even feel loss of hope about the future.(7)If we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come out unexpectedly, we will see the gloomy future of something.结尾From what have been discussed above, it is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to prevent主题.(2)On the one hand, we should be sensible to strengthen the enforcement of the laws to protect something.(3)On the other hand, it is demanding for us to keep people aware of the importance of saving somebody out of the evil hands of destruction.(4)However, it is easier said than done.(5)Although the fight against it is long-standing and tremendous one,our efforts will eventually pay off.(6)Only when you attention to it can you see a colorful and harmonious future better sooner or later.英语作文万能模板 文章以团队精神为例子
(1)As is vividly depicted in the picture,(描述图画).(2)The most striking feature is(图画重点信息).(3)There is no doubt that its symbolic meaning subtly conveyed should be given deep consideration.(1)As is symbolically revealed in the set of drawings, the fact that(重复上面的图画信息)profoundly indicates that team work is momentous(重要的)and fundamental to any one who undertakes great deeds.(2)Undoubtedly, it is team work that keeps us continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of difficulty, that makes us still full of energy to face the coming challenges and competition and that offers us the foundation for the coming success.(3)If we don not cooperate sincerely, we will live a dull and depressing life and feel frustrated and humiliated or feel loss of hope about the future.(4)As far as I am concerned, there are several advantages that can be given as below.To begin with, nothing is more beneficial than team work to overcome our defects and improve our efficiency.(5)Secondly, no issue is as good as team work to make our life more colorful and energetic.(6)No better illustration of this idea can be thought than the example mentioned below.(7)A person who
is assigned various jobs along the production lines will make a mess just because no one can be proficient in all the things.(8)Only by cooperating with other people can you put your capacities into full play and can you be the winner in the society.(1)From what have been discussed above,it admits of no doubt that in doing things whether great or small there are more or less difficulties, it is much better for one to involve yourself into a team work.(2)It is therefore, necessary that some effective measures are taken to make your team work more efficient.(3)On the one hand, we should be sensible to be receptive to other people’s opinions and benefits.(4)On the other hand, it is demanding for us to be always helpful and honest to other people.(5)However, it is easier said than done.Practice is the most important factor.(6)Only when you pay attention to it can you make it better sooner or later.常用的过渡句式
1.Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still set my heart on…
例句：Although lots of people follow the fashion, I still set my heart on its negative effect on our society。
2.For one thing… For another… As a third benefit/disadvantage…
例句：For one thing, some excellent students can take full advantage of the holiday to awaken their personal interests such as painting, sightseeing and so on.For another, it can provide more chances for some poor students to help make two ends meet and to get prepared for the future by taking part-time jobs.As a third benefit, for those who are far from good at a certain subject, there is a golden opportunity of catching up with other。
3.It is no easy/simple task/job to furnish/identify/find every reason/cause for sth., but/while, on the whole, two/some factors shout louder/ weigh heavier than others/stand out from others。
例句：It is no easy job to find every reason for the increase in the number of teenagers who run away from their homes, but, on the whole, two factors shout louder than others.First of all, ….Second, …
4.In contrast with the drawbacks/demerits/flaws of sth., sth.else can serve as a better step/move/advance in the right direction/toward the solution for the problem of…
例句：In contrast with the drawbacks caused by nuclear power, the solar power can serve as a better move toward the solution for the problem of energy crisis。
5.It is true/obvious that sth can’t compete/be compared with sth else in…, but sth still enjoys/secures/possesses distinct/substantial advantage over sth else。
例句：It is obvious that radio cannot compete with television in visuality, but it still possesses substantial advantages over television.(One of these is…Another…Still another…)
6.But if…, it is easy/not difficult/hard to see/find/discover that…
例句：But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction, it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before。
7.Superficially/On the surface/At first glance/In appearance, the issue in question seems….But in fact/in substance/on close examination, …
例句：At first glance, the western-type democracy seems superior to any other types.But on close examination, it does not entitle every citizen of the same nation to the equal freedom to act。
8.Those in favor of the issue in question argue/contend/hold/maintain/claim that….But what they fail to consider/analyze/see/find out is that…
例句：Those in favor of euthanasia(安乐死)contend that its practice can benefit both the patient and his family.But what they fail to consider is that euthanasia may be taken advantage of for some evil or hidden purposes。
9.My our look on/choice of/participation in/devotion to…stems from/derives from/results from some/several chief factors。
例句：My choice of the career stems from several chief factors.First… Second…
10.A variety of/Quite a few factors have led me to do…
例句：Quite a few factors have led me to form the habit of reading
描述漫画的句式
1.The cartoon/picture briefs/depicts/shows…
例句：The cartoon briefs the history of commercial fishing in the 20th century。
2.In the picture, …
例句：In the picture, an American girl looks so pleased in the richly decorated Chinese national costumes。
3.Looking at the picture, …
例句：Looking at the picture, many people cannot help laughing.…
4.…。This is what the picture indicates。
例句：It is not unusual for Chinese children to get money from their parents, grandparents or relatives during the Spring Festival.… This is what the picture indicates。
5.The two pictures here illustrate…
例句：The two pictures here illustrate how a flower in a greenhouse is destroyed when exposed to a storm。
6.In the first picture, ….While in the second one, …
例句：In the first picture, a lonely small boat, in spite of the good catch, does not disturb the fishes that are swimming leisurely.While in the second one, the sea is over-crowded with fishing boats, and a lonely fish, desperately trying to escape, finds no place to hide。
7.As depicted in the picture/As we can see in the picture/As can been seen from the picture/As is shown by the drawing, …
例句：As can be seen from the picture, the car breaks stops on the way and cannot move any further。
8.It is most likely that by drawing the pictures, the artist intends…
例句：It is most likely that by drawing the pictures, the artist intends not only to tell us the story of fish but also to set us thinking more about nature。
图表作文的句式
1.According to the figures shown in the table/graph we can see/conclude that…
例句：According to the figures shown in the table, we can see that great changes have been taking place in people’s diet over the period from 1988 to 1998.2.We can see/We have noted/It can be seen from the table/chart/graph that…
例句：We have noted from the graph that there is a wide gap between the top ten universities both of China and of the world。
3.The graph/table/chart shows/indicates/reveals/points out that…
例句：The chart reveals that the number of road accidents is spiraling upward every year as more and more highways are constructed all over China。
4.As is shown/can be seen in the chart/graph/diagram released by the government…
例句：As we can see in the diagram released by the government, the rapid growth of population has resulted in the extinction of many wildlife species。
5.After considering the information in the graph/table/chart, we might conclude that…
例句：After considering the information in the graph, we might conclude that the energy structure in rural areas has been greatly improved over the past 15 years。
6.The chart/graph/table shows a minimal/slight/slow/steady/marked/dramatic/sharp/sudden increase/rise/decline/reduction/fall/drop in…compared with those of last year/10 years ago/last century…
例句：The graph shows a marked decline in the number of wildlife species compared with that of last century。
7.This year, the products of…dropped to half/was cut in half/doubled/tripled。
例句：This year, the products of cotton doubled。
8.The number of … grew/rose/dropped from…to…
例句：The number of car accidents grew from 3691 in 1985 to 8245 in 1995.9.No increase is shown in …;then came a sharp increase of …
例句：No increase is shown in 1988;then came a sharp increase of 8 million。
10.Sth.is twice/three/half as large/high/much as sth.else。
例句：The production of cotton is twice as much as that of wheat。
11.The table/chart/graph represents the development and changes in …
例句：The table represents the development and changes in agriculture structure in the past 30 years。
12.By comparison with…, it dropped/ fell/ decreased from…to…/ by…
例句：By comparison with 1990, it dropped by 15 percent。
13.There appeared an even more stable/consistent/steady tendency to rise/drop。
14.The curve has leveled off/stayed the same/remained unchanged for 2 years and the trend will be continuing
第二篇：议论文写作
议论文写作能力研究
延津一中王立朝
作文是语文学科的重头戏，一张语文试卷上，作文的分数往往占据着很大的比例，作文的好坏，直接决定了语文的成绩。步入高中，学生作文练习多以议论文为主。议论文写作能力成为了影响和制约高中生作文质量与效果的主要因素，也是众多教师长期致力研究的重要课题。从事高中语文教学几年来，通过对大量学生习作的阅读批改，总结出培养学生议论文写作，需要从以下几项能力入手。
一、认知分析生活的能力
一篇好的文章，首先需要一个好的构思。写文章最怕文思枯竭，常见有些学生拿起文题后，咬着笔竿，愁眉不展。造成这种情况的原因之一，就是思路闭塞。思路闭塞主要就是因为腹中空虚，缺乏写作材料，面对文题，茫茫然不知所云，即使下了笔，不是泛泛地面面俱到，便是离了主航道。“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”，学生只有有了话源才能有清流、活水。之所以作文时思路闭塞，归根结蒂是对生活、对社会缺乏认识。如果能多参加一些丰富多采的社会实践，老师有目的地经常引导学生去认识一些社会问题，那么，自然会开阔眼界，丰富头脑。学会认识生活是写作的前提和条件，有了这个前提和条件，就有了生活素材，诉诸笔端，必然侃侃而谈。
要学会分析生活。学生尽管掌握了大量的写作材料，但由于受感性认识的影响，缺乏辨证思维，不善于深入思考，不易发现所收集材料的实质与主流，容易产生片面性和表面性，所以写出文章平淡、肤浅。老师要不断地引导学生学会辨证地分析社会生活问题使之认识正确、认识深刻，从中形成真理性判断，才会写出严密深刻有逻辑性、说服力的议论文。
为了培养学生认识分析生活的能力，老师应有意识地结合生活提出一些容易引起争论的问题，以激发学生去思考、去分析、去品评。例如：个人修养是社会问题，还是个人问题?腐败问题是不是党风问题?高校招生并轨说明了什么?奥运冠军奖金多了，是不是形象就低了?这样把一些是非曲直杂揉、美丑相间的社会问题，摆到学生面前，以训练其全面辨证地研究剖析问题的能力。久而久之，学生思路聪敏，提笔就有话可说。
二、多项思维能力
写作过程也就是思维过程，如果学生思维狭窄、刻板、呆滞，必然写不出好文章，所以议论文写作就在激发学生思维上下功夫，训练学生思维的求异性、敏捷性、概括性。走出思维定势，防止思路窘涩，应是议论文写作能力训练的关键。
“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。”事物往往具有多侧面、多角度的固有特征，这就要求我们采用与之相适应的多角度方式来认识客观事物。加强多项思维的训练，首先要对命题或材料进行多方面多层次的分析。命题和材料自身就源于生活，而生活本身就是立体的多侧面结构的，是各种矛盾的集合体。那么，我们对它就不应仅从共性去思考，也不应从单一方面去搞定向思维。面对命题和材料，以开放性的眼光，采取多方位的思考，使思维向四方辐射，从不同的角度去理解、求索，就会得出不同的判断，写出不同中心的文章来。
总之，只要在作文实践中注重培养学生的多项思维能力，学生才能写出具有
新意的文章来，同时也大大地提高了学生的创造性思维能力。
三、布局谋篇的能力
一篇好的议论文，布局谋篇应放在首位，如果不把要阐述的道理、证明的观点先构思好，安排好，那就只能是文章未成而先毁。安排结构不单是技巧问题，而且是思路问题。要构思好文章，必须先理清思路，考虑好以何为主以何为辅;哪些是应该说的哪些是必说的，哪些是不该说的，哪些是可说可不说的;哪些先说，哪些后说;应依顺什么样的逻辑顺序，是层进布局的，还是总分总，或者并列一起。在思索这些问题的同时，不要忘记文章针对什么说的，针对什么人说的。
既然布局谋篇与学生的思路有关，那么在议论文写作指导中必须注意锻炼学生的思路，培养学生养成良好的思索习惯，懂得思索要有条理，要细致严密。考虑重点非重点、主要次要的比重。教师也可以在课堂上，利用一些教材的阅读解析，来培养学生的布局谋篇能力。
四、语言表达能力
语言表达能力是议论文写作能力结构的硬件，它是作文优劣成败的直接因素，这一能力的提高又非在写作实践中解决不可。
第一，加强阅读，提高语言的准确性。对课文中的重点语句、段落、精彩片段，应反复带领学生咀嚼，体会作者表现思想的准确性、深刻性、生动性，分析这些语句、段落在文章中的作用，提高学生对语言文字的感受力，感悟语言的表现力。第二，加强基础训练，使语言具有生动性，提高表达能力，首先是提高学生谴词造句的能力，要求学生掌握相当数量的文字，拥有比较丰富的语汇及比较生动精辟的语句，并由此组成表达一定意义的句子和段落，还能根据议论文语言特点来选择恰当的表现方式及手法。第三、克服惰性心理，提高语言的驾驭能力。提高语言表现力最有效的方法无疑是多动笔，常言说的好“劳于读书，逸于作文”强调的是写的益处，多写多练笔，才能使语言灵活多样，不落俗套。第四，善于比较、修改、使语言成熟化。在比较中选择句式，辨析修辞方法，是使语言生动准确的一个妙法。平时选择一些意义相近但有区别的词语进行比较，也是提高语言表现力的方法之一。还应注意文章的修改。文不厌改，不管文学素养多高，都需不断地修正自己的语言。
写作能力训练的四个部分，虽然内涵不同，各有特色，但它们在议论文的写作中是统一的整体，彼此是互相联系、互相作用的，决不能厚此薄彼，否则皆不利于议论文写作能力的培养和提高。
第三篇：议论文写作[模版]
议论文写作范文
1.利弊议论文
Model 1
It is a new thing that_____.Many people welcome this new development while others have expressed their concern about this.Those who take sides against this new trend believe that _____ because_____.One common argument, however, for ____ is that_____.Of the two views discussed above, I am in favor of the _____.My reason is that____.Model 2
As is known to all, there has been a wave of ____.There are many advantages / disadvantages of this modern way.First of all, _____.In the second place, _____.Lastly, _____.In a word, ____.Model 3
When asked about ____, different people will offer different opinions.Some people take it for granted that _____.In their mind, ____.Besides, ______.However, others hold that ____.They maintain that ____.Weighting up these two arguments, I am for the first one.For one thing, ____.For another, _____.Therefore, as stated above, ____.Model 4
____ is becoming more popular in ____, especially among ____.Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of ____.There are several reasons for its popularity.First, ____.Second, ____.However, in terms of _____.2.个人观点议论文
Model(1)
Nowadays more and more people pay more attention to _____.Some people argue that ____ while others firmly hold that _____.In my opinion, I think this question should be probed in depth.On one hand, the first group is not totally correct because ____.On the other hand, the second group seems ____ because ____.In a word, we can see clearly that the key lies in ____.Otherwise _____.Model(2)
It becomes a common tendency these days for people to ____.Many people are opposed to ____ because they think_____.They also argue that ____.In my mind, however, I can’t agree with ____.At the same time, _____.In addition, ______.In conclusion, ______.Model(3)
____ has been one medium of communication that has connected all the people around world.More and more people tend to concern the ____, because it is so _____ that _____.The advantages of ____ are obvious to some people.For one thing, in terms of ____, _____.As a result, _____.Consequently, _____.For another thing, _____.Personally, I side with the former opinion.Because _____.However, _____.Model(4)
Presently, one phenomenon calls for people’ s attention that ____.In general, ______.For one thing, _____.(For example, _____.)For another, _____.As far as I am concerned, _____.To sum up, _____.3.解决方法类议论文
Model(1)
If you ____, what will you feel? Of course, you will feel ___ because _____.Besides this, ____.For one thing, ____, For another, _____.No easy solution can be taken to cope with the problem of ____, but ____.Therefore, my viewpoint is that _____.There is no doubt that ____.Model(2)
Most of us today recognize that ____ has been a greatly serious problem.Therefore, _____.From above, we can find that the reasons why ____, are as follows, the primary reason, I think, _____.For example, _____.However, ____.Second, _____.The third reason actually is the result of ____.Therefore, _____.Moreover, _____.Let’s make our good efforts, and _____.英语口语培训 http:///
第四篇：议论文写作
议论文是初中语文一种重要文体，有很强的针对性。议论文阅读教学在整个初中语文的教学中占据很重要的地位，在阅读教学中引导学生理解把握议论文的写作知识与技巧，有益于提高学生的写作水平。
老师教学生学习议论文, 难。指导学生写议论文，更难。那么，我们能不能把读、写有机结合起来呢？降低难度,答案是肯定的。结合近些年自己教学的实践经验，归纳如下，供学生参考：
一、让学生在学习议论文的时候，学会为其论点补充论据。如:吴晗《谈骨气》一文中，用于证明“我们中国人是有骨气的”这个观点的事例（事实论据）有三个：⑴文天祥拒不降元（表现他“富贵不能淫”）；⑵廉者不受嗟来之食（表现他“贫贱不能移”）；⑶闻一多横眉冷对国民党反动派的手枪,拍案而起（表现他“威武不能屈”）。
二、让学生在学习议论文的时候，学会从其论据中提炼出新的观点。如:启凡《发问的精神》一文，为证明“发问精神的可贵”，有这样一个事例：“苹果落地，是多么平常的事情，牛顿看见了，却要问出个所以然来，结果创立了‘万有引力’说，支配了人类思想。”对这个事例，我们经过思考，可以提炼出新的观点：对自然现象，要善于观察分析，因为发明创造往往来源于此。
三、让学生在学习议论文的时候，学会其论证方法及论证过程。议论文常用的论证方法有举例论证、引用论证、比喻论证、对比论证等。一篇议论文中，有可能只集中运用一两种论证方法，也可以综合运用多种方法。
四、让学生在学习议论文的时候，学会其语言。议论文的语言往往概括性强，常常用比较抽象的词语表现丰富的内容，显得准确、严谨。譬如《中国共产党八十年的奋斗业绩和基本经验》一文中，用语是极其讲究的：关于外交政策，说的是“坚持原则，支持公道”，“支持”二字符合中国的实际能力；关于军队建设，说的是“锻造了一支党绝对领导下的人民军队”，“绝对”二字无可更改。
五、让学生在学习议论文的时候，学会其开头、结尾、过渡衔接与照应的方法。读议论文的目的之一，便是学其写作技巧。
六、让学生读后仿写，仿而求新。仿写之初，应力求简便有效。比如读了《怀疑与学问》后，要求仿写一篇简短的议论文。我们可以自拟题目如《学与思》、《苦与乐》等。确定了一个题目，想清了论点，准备好了论据，列出了写作提纲，就可以开始写作了：开篇亦可摆出一两句名言做论点，然后阐述论点，并用一些事实和道理来证明论点，最后得出结论，发出号召。
对于现成的材料，我们要善于体味其多重蕴涵，遴选其中角度较新我们理解得透彻且有驾驭把握的一种作为观点。在搜寻论据的时候，最不怕“贪多务得”，因为论据找得多了，我们用起来才有甄别、筛选的余地，才能尽可能地让贴近生活、贴近时代、典型有力的论据“浮出水面”，发挥效力。当然，议论文不光是读出来的，而很大程度上是写出来的，惟有常写，论起来才可能逐渐摆脱生硬、单一的模仿，变得收发自如、张弛有致、头头是道，才谈得上讲求“有创意的表达”。
如果按照上述方法，真正构建起了议论文由读到写的结合，那么，写作议论文的这个难题也就迎刃而解了。
第五篇：议论文常用写作格式
议论文常用写作格式
议论文的常用套路约有三十四个，可分为六类，限于篇幅，只能一类中选一式简要介绍。
1．议证类的比喻论证三层式。
〔套路特点〕
通篇比喻三层分析
本式要求开篇使用日常生活现象来喻社会哲理，确立全文中心论点。然后使用正面实例来证明阐释比喻的喻体和本体各是什么意思。再针对社会现象分析，指出反面借鉴；进而联系实际，正面证明中心论点。最后总结全文的中心论点。
〔套路模式〕
立——用常见现象，喻社会哲理，确立中心。
释——列举实例，正面证明中心，阐释出本体与喻体的含义。
析——反面举例，分析弊端。
联——联系现实，正面阐发见解。
结——深化中心论点，点明本文主旨。
〔套路口诀〕
找准喻体才顺利，抓住“相似”好作比。一释二析三联系，深化做结见真谛。
2．阐释类的三元归一式。
〔套路特点〕
三元归一假设说理
“三元归一”是指文题是由三个概念构成，它们之间在某一点上又必然能统一起来。如《立志·工作·成功》三个概念间凭着互相作用这一点统一起来，形成文章的中心论点。
〔套路模式〕
总——分析概念，阐释关系，提出论点。
分——逐条证明前文阐释出的关系。
总——归结到一点上做结论。
解——解决问题，发出号召。
〔套路口诀〕
开篇分析抓总提，分条证明抓统一。
归一作结要严密，号召一定扣主题。
3．评析类的开篇见旨条分缕析式。
〔套路特点〕
开篇见义条分缕析
本式要求开门见山，亮出观点。然后一条一条地加以论述分析，即“条分缕析”。
〔套路模式〕
述——简述评论对象，亮出观点。
评——恰当引用原句，逐条评析。
结——结尾引申，归纳出哲理。
4．批驳类的摆辩商榷式。
〔套路特点〕
对友商榷互相切磋
本套路要求全文以“摆”、“辩”为主，语气要真切平和，虽自己所持观点鲜明，却带有商量探讨色彩。
〔套路模式〕
摆——摆出对方观点，作为全篇商榷的内容。
辩——进行驳论剖析。这是文章主体，又可分如下几层：
引——引名言格言作理论根据。
归——通过归纳推理提出与对方相异的观点即全文中心观点。
演——运用演绎推理，由一般到个别，把自己的观点发散开去。
结——经过反复论证作出结论，使对方论点站不住脚，从而达到说服对方的目的。
5．启感式。
启是指启示类，感是指感想类。共同特点是先叙材料，后发感想。
读后感类可以边读边感，而启示类就不同，它要先引事，后发议。如给材料作文四步式，是由“引”、“证”、“联”、“结”四步构成。
引用材料要简，如高中第一册列出了“橘生淮南则为桔，橘生淮北则为积”的故事，一傅众休的故事和“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”的古训。文章的观点必须从这三则材料中来。而引材料提观点这一大步就得用三小步走完：第一步是用三句话点明三个材料的含义，即最直接的道理，如“一傅众休”是说语言环境对学语言的重要；第二步是概括出三个材料的共同之理——都是说的外部环境的重要；第三步是进一步引申，提出全文的中心论点——在一定条件下外因起着重大作用，绝不可忽视外因。指导学生用三步引申法来提出论点，并限制文字，不得超过一百字，大约用一节课，大致可以攻下引用材料、提出论点这一关。
第二步是证明从材料中已提出的论点，这一步较容易，是议论文的共同课题。
第三步是联系实际。这一步主要突出文章的针对性，要阐明外因对青少年成才的特殊作用，指明社会对青少年成长担负着的纯洁环境的重要责任。这一步往往被习作者忽视或联系不准。指导时应审思慎导。
第四步是总结全文，作出结论，一方面全社会应为青少年成长创造一个好环境，另一方面青少年应努力培养辨识环境的能力，这样才能不堕入唯外因论的险境。
这一式是极富实用性的套路，学生面对生活时常用到这一式，包括近几年的关于挖井、关于“两姑娘论玫瑰”、关于如何看待踢碎玻璃瓶的三道高考题中议论部分，都要用到这一式。
6．杂文随笔类的五字借题发挥式。
[套路特点]
借题发挥，借甲说乙。抨击时弊，嘲讽歪风。
[套路模式]
述——简述由头，点破文题。
例——举例证明，言在A，意在B。
析——分析例证，指出奥妙。
嘲——进行嘲讽、批评。
结——照应开端，讽嘲议论。
7．三大三小式
所谓“三大三小式”是就议论文的篇章结构而言。其中的“三大”，是说全文总体结构由三大部分组成，即引论部分、本论部分、结论部分；其中的“三小”，是说本论部分一般又由三小层组成，即从三个不同角度来证明中心论点。这样，全文就形成了匀称的五段式布局。如：邹韬奋的《呆气》就是很典型的“三大三小式”布局。
要真正用好“三大三小式”还涉及到相关的三个问题，即段头观点句的使用、观点句怎样确立和段内四层式等三个问题。
（1）三小层要使用段头段尾观点句。议论文是向人讲道理的。怎样才能使论点最鲜明呢？在结构上最好的办法是段头段尾采用观点句。所谓观点句，就是能将这一段，这一层或这一篇文章要说的观点概括起来的一句话。它要具有提领性、凝炼性和明了性的特点叫人看了这一句就知道这一段的中心。如《给青年们的一封信》的作者巴甫洛夫对青年的三点期望，就用了三个段头观点句：“首先，要循序渐进”、“第二，要虚心”、“第三，要有热情。”每一层都是围绕着这个段头观点句展开论述的。观点显而易见，一目了然，读来干脆痛快。
段头观点句相互间有一定的联系性。巴甫洛夫的三个段头观点句是凭文中论题“希望”二字联系到一起的。使用观点句也必须注意到它们的内部联系，注意到它们排列的先后次序。
段头观点句主要是用在“三小段”的开头。段尾观点句则是段头句的升华。段尾观点句不仅要和段头观点句在观
点上具有一致性，不仅对全段要具有总结性，而且不能是段头句的简单重复，至少要变换一下语言形式，或是换一个新的角度去总结前文的论说。这就如同一束长长的竹竿子，只有头上捆一下，尾上捆一下，才搬运方便。而段头段尾观点句就像这束竹子两头的捆结，将全段提领收束在一起，形成一个不可分开的整体。所谓的结构紧密。就包括了这一层意思。
使用段头段尾观点句是名家常用之法，是论文的成功经验的总结。它不仅适用于平时应用性论文，更适用于各类考试论文。
（2）用分解法和分位法确立段头观点句。所谓分解，就是把中心论点分解成几个分论点。这几个分论点既互相联系，是中心论点的一个组成部分，又相互排斥，各说一个侧面。如“说勤”这个题目，就可以分解出：勤能成才，勤能补拙，勤能致富等。再如“谈贡献”这个题目，可以分解出：贡献是社会存在的需要，贡献是一种高尚的道德，贡献不在大小。
从上述举例可以看出，分解法是把中心论点拆开来看，它关联到哪些方面的问题，就可以从哪些方面确定分论点。所谓分位，就是变换一个角度，变换一个位置来看同一个问题。如《说勤》，用分位法确定分论点，就可以把它分成“勤”，对农民来说就意味着丰收”，“勤，对工人来说就意味着丰产”。“勤，对学生来说就意味着成业”，“勤，对国家来说就意味着兴盛。”这四个分论点的思想内容不变，而这个思想内容起作用的几个方面变了。
不论分解还是分位，都是在中心论点的制约下来确定分论点的方法。当然确立分论点的方法有多种，如：还可以正反论证。只不过这两种方法比较容易为人忽视，所以才提出一谈。在使用时，还可二者兼用。如“贵在自知”一题，就可两法兼用地分析成：“自知可贵在能使人不卑不亢”，“自知与个人、国家都十分重要”，“自知才能长立于不败之地”。其中的“自知与个人、国家都十分重要”就采用了分位法确定，其余两个是采用分解法确定的。
（3）用段内四层式保证三小层的充实性。一篇习作有了全文的三大层和本论的三小层，这只是搭起了全文的架子，充实这个架子主要是在“三小层”上下功夫，即采用段内四层式。“三小层”的段头段尾已各有一个观点句了，这已是两层了。这两层是全段的“骨”，其余两层，才是这一段的“肉”。其余两层或举实例或打比方，或引用一句名言等等。例如《谈毅力》一文的第二小层这样写道：
“毅力是飘越苦海的舟楫。‖你也许听过帕尔曼那优美的演奏而为之赞叹不已，拍手叫绝。然而你可曾知道，他并不是一帆风顺的幸运儿，而是从小双腿瘫痪的残疾人。他没有像许多同命运的不幸人一样，在残疾人福利院度过一生，而是走上了铺满鲜花的舞台，成为举世闻名的小提琴王子。他靠的是什么？毅力，毅力，还是毅力。‖巴尔扎克有一句名言：‘不幸，是天才的进身之阶，信徒的洗礼之水，能人的无价之宝，弱者的无底深渊’。人的一生中难免会遇到形形色色的打击。在不幸的重压下，天才、信徒和能人心中都有着一股顽强的毅力，促使他们不屈不挠地奋斗，直到成功和胜利，从而获得幸福。而弱者缺乏这种毅力，以至于被压下苦难的万丈深渊而无法抽身。因此，当你遇到困难时不要退缩，用你的毅力去战胜它。‖当困难向你认输时，你定会感叹道：我飘越苦海的神舟正是顽强不屈的毅力。”
这是一段很成功的论说。作者除了运用丰富的知识、灵巧的语言之外，他也成功地使用了段内四层式：第一层是全段观点句，是个纲。第二层是个例证。举帕尔曼那凭毅力来取得成功的实例证明“毅力是飘越苦海的舟楫”这个中心。第三层是引用巴尔扎克的一句名言，并对它加以阐发说明，从而证明面对不幸，毅力是十分重要的。第四层是照应段头观点句，总结全段。如果这段文字的第三层不采用引用名言论证，还使用实例，不仅行文灵巧度显得稍逊一筹，就连论说的力量也差了不少。因此这四小层中或者举一个例子，引一句名言；或者举一个例子，打一个比方；或者引一句名言，打一个比方当然也可以使用其他方法，只是上述方法容易掌握，使用率也比较高而已。
总之，学会“三大三小式”就可以应付一般的议论文写作了。可以说，它是议论文的通用式。
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