第一篇：2012全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试英语模拟试题及答案
2008年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试英语模拟试题
（一）第一卷（三大题，共100分）
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Mr Green is ____ football fan.His favorite is Ronaldo, one of ____ most famous football players in the world.A.the;/B./;theC.a;theD.the;a
2.—Is this black pen yours?--No.Tom was here.Maybe it’s ____.A.herB.hersC.himD.his
3.Now I can speak ____ English than I did last year.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most
4.--____ is your father today?--He’s feeling much better.Thank you.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Why
5.One of the night of July13, 2001, ___ People went to Tian’an Men Square to cheer for winning the bid to host the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.A.millionB.millionsC.million ofD.millions of
6.– Is there ___ good in today’s newspaper?--Sorry, no good news.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything.7.I don’t like talking on __ phone;I prefer writing ____ letters.A.a;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;/
8.—Do you want tea or coffee?--.I really do not mind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither
9.____ is good manners to say hello to each other when people meet.A.ThatB.ThisC.ThereD.It
10.No matter where they are, my parents go to ___ every Sunday morning.A.churchB.the churchC.a churchD.churches
11.An ____ is a group of words with a particular meaning.A.explanationB.instructionC.expressionD.advice
12.–What does the person look like?--A tall young lady, wearing a black dress made of silky____.A.colorB.clothesC.materialD.model
13.I managed to make myself understood with ____ help of___ phrase book.A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD./;/
14.We can’t afford to let the situation get worse.We must taketo put it right.A.directionsB.stepsC.sidesD.decisions
15.We have every reason to believe that ______ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success.A./ … aB.the … /C.the … aD.a … a
16.There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow ?-No, I’d rather buyin the bookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it
17.These football players had no strict until they joined Our club．
A．practiceB．educationC．exercisesD．training
18.Silo went to the bookstore and bought．(2006北京卷)
A．dozen booksB．dozens booksC．dozen of booksD．dozens of books
19.The newly-built railway station is only aride from the city center.A.thirty minutesB.thirty-minuteC.thirty minute' sD.thirty minutes'
20.The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it hasall over the country.A．companiesB．branchesC．organizationsD．businesses
Ⅱ 完型填空阅读下面两篇短文，掌握其大意，然后从21至40各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Every day we have math class.We always show interest in it.Some sleep;some daydream;others read something else.listens to our math teacher.To solve this problem, our clever math teacher found aout at last.Mr.Black thought everyone liked candy, the only way to get our attention was to gave us candy.A clever came upon him.He put a lot of candies inside a big ball that anyone could open.In class he asked us some questions.When anybody answered one question, Mr.Black would throw the ball to the student and the student couldsome of the candy out of the ball.Then, the student would have to throw the ball to the next one with the right answer, and so forth.The idea made usand pay attention for a while but son all of us went back.We all ate too much candy.The only person in our math class wholike the idea was a fat boy named Ward.He just kept eating and eating until finally Mr.Black had to say‖ I’m sorry, Ward, but I just don’t have enough money to buy candy.‖
21.A.great B.much C.some D.little
22.A.Everybody B.Somebody C.Nobody D.Anybody
23.A.student B.ball C.problem D.way
24.A.since B.when C.that D.whether
25.A.mind B.idea C.teacher D.opinion
26.A.quickly B.alone C.right D.clearly
27.A.take B.keep C.receive D.buy
28.A.give in B.go out C.sit up D.let down
29.A.listen B.sleep C.eat D.study
30.A.never B.also C.even D.still
B
My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling , but I always knew he was.He never criticized us, but used to bring out our best.He’d say, ―If you pour water on flowers, they flourish.If you don’t give them water, they die.‖ I remember as a child I said something about somebody, and my father said, ―Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.‖ He explained that if I looked for the best in people, I would get the best in return.From then on I’ve always tried tothe principle in my life and later in running my company.Dad’s also always been very.At 15, I started a magazine.It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, ―Richard, when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law.And I’ve regretted it.I wanted to be a biologist, but I didn’t pursue my dream.You know what you want.Go fulfill(实现)it.‖ As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a nationalfor young people in the U.K.My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _me.31.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener
32.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned
33.A.praise B.courage C.power D.warmth
34.A.unnecessary B.unkind C.unimportant D.unusual
35.A.revise B.set C.review D.follow
36.A.understanding B.experienced C.serious D.demanding
37.A.suggestion B.decision C.notice D.choice
38.A.always B.never C.seldom D.almost
39.A.newspaper B.magazine C.program D.project
40.A.controlled B.comforted C.reminded D.raised
Ⅲ 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题
卡上将该项涂黑。
A
George Banks was a clever journalist.He worked for a good newspaper, and he liked arguing with anybody, and about anything.Sometimes the people whom he argued with were as clever as he was, but often they were not.He did not mind arguing with stupid people at all: he knew that he could never persuade them to agree, because they could never really understand what he was saying, and the stupider they were, the surer they were that they were right, but he often found that stupid people said very amusing things.At the end of one argument which George had with one of these less clever people, the man said something which George has always remembered and which has always amused him.It was, ―Well, sir, you should never forget this: there are always three answers to every question, your answer, my answer, and the correct answer.‖
41.George liked arguing.A.neither with anybody nor about anythingB.either with anybody or anything
C.not with anybody but about anythingD.not only with anybody but also about anything
42.The people whom George often argued with were.A.those who were cleverer than himB.those who were stupider than him
C.both such clever people as he and those who were notD.only the clever people
43.George thought the stupider they were, the surer they were that they were right because.A.the stupider they were, the less knowledge they hadB.they were not worth arguing
C.stupid people often said very amusing thingsD.clever people were always right
44.According to one of these less clever people's words, ―there are always three answers to every question, …‖ meant.A.George's answer was rightB.the man's answer was right
C.George's and the man's answers were not rightD.there was not a right answer
B
In reading science, a heading often gives a clue(线索)to a problem that is going to be discussed.Getting the problem clearly in your mind is the first step to take in studying such material.You are advised to do the following in reading science articles.Read the title and think about it.Read all of the headings.You should get a clear idea of what the problems are without reading anything but the headings.Next, read the article all the way through carefully.Each time you come to a heading that names a problem, read the paragraphs under that heading to find out:
1)more information about the problem;
2)how the problem may be met.45.This passage offers advice on _______.A.how to read titles and headingsB.how to find headings in an article
C.what problems to be discussed in science articleD.how to read science material
46.It is advisable for you _________.A.to read the heading which you think is the title
B.to read the heading that names a problem
C.to read one heading and the paragraph under it each time
D.to read the heading only
47.Read the whole article after _______.A.you have got all the information about the problemB.you understand the title
C.you have read one paragraph after anotherD.you are clear about what to be discussed
48.You read the whole article carefully_________.A.to get all the headingsB.to see how the problem is discussed
C.to name problemsD.to think about the title
C
The market is a concept.If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market.You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the local manager of the supermarket.But in either case, you are producing for the market.Your efforts are being directed by the market.If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market.If your father is a steel worker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market.You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas station and restaurants.Still you are buying from the market.When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The market may be something abstract（抽象的）.But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it is very concrete.If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message.The market is telling you something.It is telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.49．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A．Selling and Buying.B．Everything you do is producing for the market.C．What is the market?D．What the market can do for you.50．All of the following acts are producing for the market except.A．working in a bankB．attending a night school
C．printing a bookD．growing beans for sale
51．You are buying from the market when you
A．borrow a book from the libraryB．drive to the seaside for a holiday
C．look after your childrenD．dine at restaurant
52．The word ―concrete‖ in the last paragraph may most probably mean.A．seriousB．importantC．necessaryD．real
53．In what way is the market very concrete for each person or business who is making and selling something?
A．It tells you what to produceB．It provides you with everything you need
C．It tells you how to grow tomatoesD．It helps you save money
D
Shanghai—Shanghai officials are welcoming a new national-water law that they say will help them protect the upper reaches of the Huangpu River and other water ways in Shanghai.The new law, which came into effect yesterday, updates a law enacted（颁布）in 1988 that focused on supplying water to needy areas, but didn’t pay a great deal of attention to environmental protection.The previous law, for example, gave local authorities power over waterways in these areas, but didn’t pay attention to the sources of those rivers and lakes.So, Shanghai was responsible for cleaning and protecting the lower reaches of the Chang Jiang River but had no say in how the river’s upper reaches, which feed into Shanghai, are maintained.The new law will make it easier to control the amount of waste that ends up in local rivers and reduce inefficient use of waterways, said Zhang Jia-yi, director of the Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau, on the bureau’s website commenting on law yesterday.Zhang said the new law focuses on the efficient(高效的)use of water sources and emphasizes the harmonious(和谐)development of China’s population, its economy and environment.Zhang also emphasizes the city will crack down on companies and individuals that pollute the city’s water sources.The bureau sets up a special force to investigate(调查)water pollution in March.So far this year, the bureau has published more than 3 million in fines on various polluters, Zhang said.54.The best title for the news report should be ______.A.A new Law Is BornB.A New Water Law to Protect Rivers
C.Is it Necessary to Protect the RiversD.Make Full Use of Water Sources
55.The underlined phrase ―crack down on‖ means _____.A.bring up carefullyB.speak highly ofC.deal with seriouslyD.destroy completely
56.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.The law in 1988 is suitable for the new requirements.B.The new law will stop waste being poured into the Chang Jiang River.C.A lot of polluting units have been fined this year.D.The new law and the old one are the same in protecting the environment.57.We can infer from the passage that _____.A.the problem of protecting the water sources wasn’t paid much attention to
B.no laws were carried out to manage the water sources in Shanghai.C.the new law mainly emphasizes how to make use of the water sources.D.companies or individuals that polluted the water sources didn’t get fined.E
How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups, and, old people wishing they were young again.Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult.If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do.It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return.What’s more, life is always giving new things to the child——things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well known.But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do;he is repeatedly being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has wrongly done.When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably.If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry.And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison.If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.58．According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that.A．life for a child is fairly easyB．a child is always loved whatever he does
C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
D．only children are interested in life
59．The main idea of the passage is that.A．life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B．young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C．childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life
D．one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
60．The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss.A．examples of successful young menB．how to build up one’s position in society
C．joys and pains of old peopleD．what to do when one has problems in life
第二卷（三大题，共50分）Ⅳ 单词拼写根据下列句子及所给的汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式（每空只写一个单词）
61.We’ve been having some ____（技术）problems with the new computer.62.John threw the ball, and the dog ______（接住）in its mouth.63.I _____（借）my bike to Dave and I haven’t got it back.64.If you need more _____ ,（信息）call the number 8425436.65Jane waited _____（焦急）by the phone all day yesterday.66._____（二月）is the second moth of a year.67.Put on your coat, _____（否则）you’ll catch cold.68.I haven’t seen it _____ ,（自己）but it’s supposed to be a good film.69.He’s not asleep—he just __________（假装）.70.Wang Li lives in America, but she has Chinese ____________（国籍）.Ⅴ完成句子根据中文意思完成下列各句。每空一词（缩写算一词）
71．这部电影不如我预期的好。
The film was not _____good _____ I had expected.72． 医生建议这位胖太太戒除吃甜食的习惯。
The doctor advised the fat lady _____ _____ having sweets.73． 这箱子太重，我搬不动。
The case is ____ heavy for me __ carry.74． 我们将尽力按时完成这项工作。
We’ll ____ our ____ to finish the work on time.75． 昨天他直到做完作业才去睡觉。
He __ go to bed _____ he finished his homework.Ⅵ 书面表达假定你是李明，去年假期你曾赴美国加州帕萨迪那市的一所中学进行短期参观访向，住在Peter家。今年寒假Peter要来北京，将住在你家。请根据下列信息给Peter发个电邮件。内容到京到机场接机，举办欢迎家宴活动参观长城等名胜古迹到场欣赏中国民乐新年音乐会游览繁华市区、购物希望如行程允许，在北京过春节
注意：1．词数应为100左右；
2．对紧扣主题的发挥不予扣分；
3．开头与结尾已为你写好。January 26th , 2007 Hi!It’s Li Ming here.Glad to learn you’re coming to Beijing , China.I believe we will have much fun together.WELL , SEE YA SOON.BYE!L Li Ming 内容要点：1．接机、家宴；2．游览长城、市区及购物；3．欣赏新年音乐会；4．希望共渡春节
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第二篇：2003年至2010年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单独统一招生考试英语试题完型填空题
1（2003 A）Every day we have math class.We always show21interest in it.Some sleep;some daydream;others read something else.22listens to our math teacher.To solve this problem, our clever math teacher found a23out at last.Mr.Black thought24everyone liked candy, the only way to get our attention was to gave us candy.A clever25came upon him.He put a lot of candies inside a big ball that anyone could open.In class he asked us some questions.When anybody answered one question26, Mr.Black would throw the ball to the student and the student could27some of the candy out of the ball.Then, the student would have to throw the ball to the next one with the right answer, and so forth.The idea made us28and pay attention for a while but son all of us went back29.We all ate too much candy.The only person in our math class who30like the idea was a fat boy named Ward.He just kept eating and eating until finally Mr.Black had to say” I’m sorry, Ward, but I just don’t have enough money to buy candy.” 21.A.greatB.muchC.someD.little 22.A.EverybodyB.SomebodyC.NobodyD.Anybody23.A.studentB.ballC.problemD.way24.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.whether25.A.mindB.ideaC.teacherD.opinion 26.A.quicklyB.aloneC.rightD.clearly27.A.takeB.keepC.receiveD.buy 28.A.give inB.go outC.sit upD.let down 29.A.listenB.sleepC.eatD.study 30.A.neverB.alsoC.evenD.still2（2003 B)It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong.Being human, we all need to know the art of31.Look back with honesty and think how 32you’ve judged roughly or sais unkind things or something else like this.Then count the times that you expressed clearly and truly that you were33.A bit frightening , isn’t it? Frightening because some deep wisdom inside us knows that when a small34has been done.Some moral（道德的）feelings is disturbed;and it stays out of35until fault admitted and regret expressed.I remember a doctor friend , the late Clarence Lieb, telling me about the man who came to him with a variety of36: headaches , insomnia（失眠）and stomach trouble.No physical cause could be found.Finally Dr Lieb said to the man “ Unless you tell me what’s37you, I can’t help you.”After some hesitation, the man admitted , as executor（执行者）of his father’s will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad , of his inheritance（继承权）.Then and there the wise old doctor made the man38to his brother asking forgiveness and put a check on the envelope as the first step in rebuilding their good relationship.He then went with him to the mailbox.As the envelope disappeared, the man burst into tears.“ Thank you.” He said “ I think39.”A heartfelt apology can not only heal a(an)40relationship but also make it stronger.If ou can think of someone who ought to be given an apology from you, someone you have wronged 3233343536
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37．A．puzzlingB．frighteningC．injuringD．worrying38．A．goB．writeC．callD．turn 39．A．curedB．punishedC．comfortedD．excused 40．A．developingB．friendlyC． damagedD．old3.(2004A)I became lame in both legs in my childhood.I can’t stand with the support of the two sticks.Only in my wheelchair can I “ 21 ”I still remember the first day at school.When I appeared at the door , everyone in the classroom stared at me in22.My face turned red.I couldn’t help
turning back.It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that23me doing so.I went shyly towards an empty seat.Being lame , I couldn’t walk in front of my classmates.I was24that I might be looked down upon.In those days I was very sad to25others walking happily.One day a few students came up to me and asked me26.I was really excited.They encouraged me with a friendly smile and pushed me in my wheelchair from place to place.I was27to them for giving a chance to see the sights of our lovely school with my own eyes.After that we often read ,played and talked together.My friends are always28to help me.It made me29I am handicapped(残疾)Once they asked me, “ What is the most beautiful thing in our school?” Without hesitation I said “ It is the30”21.A.sitB.walkC.standD.talk22.A.loveB.thoughtC.surpriseD.excitement 23.A.preventedB.keptC.warnedD.made 24.A.pleasedB.afraidC.angryD.disappointed 25.A.makeB.hearC.seeD.think26.A.eat outB.stay inC.give upD.go outside27.A.kindB.thankfulC.helpfulD.friendly28.A.busyB.sorryC.welcomeD.ready29.A.forgetB.rememberC.realizeD.think30.A.supportB.kindnessC.friendshipD.sympathy4(2004 B)People spend their whole lives searching for love.I was no different.Until one day I decided to31the local pound（动物收容站）.And there was love32for me.The old dog was considered to be33.He had been found running along the road on three legs,34some serious wounds in his back and a damaged ear.The people at the pond35him because he was friendly and they thought if someone had36money having his leg operated on, maybe the person would be looking for him.But on one came.That day , I happened to walk by and see him.My37went out to him.But I really could not take another dog home;I had four already.There had to be a limit , I thought.I can’t save them all.Driving away from the pond , I knew the dog would die38I didn’t take him.As I passed a church , a sign announcing this week’s sermon（布道）caught my39.It was right before Christmas.It read:” Is there any room at the hotel?” I knew at that moment there was40room for one more, especially one that needed my love.31.A.buyB.sellC.visitD.build32.A.waitingB.lookingC.payingD.hoping33.A.prettyB.homelessC.lonelyD.friendly34.A.withB.forC.onD.in35.A.foundB.wantedC.caughtD.kept
36.A.borrowedB.paidC.spentD.earned37.A.headB.heartC.mindD.brain38.A.whenB.becauseC.ifD.though 39.A.mindB.driveC.earD.eye 40.A.alwaysB.seldomC.sometimesD.usually5（2005 A）Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didn’t agree with my picture of the world.One night , after a particularly21day.I stormed into my room, shut the door and got into bed.My hands22something under my pillow.I23out an envelope on which it said,” To read when you are alone.” Since I was alone , no one would24whether I read it or not.So I opened it.It said,” Mike I know life is25right now.I know you feel26and I know we don’t do everything27I am here for you if you ever need to28and if you don’t , that’s okay.I love you forever.Mom.” That was the first of29“ To read when you are alone” letters.I will never forget the relief I felt30I got a letter in my teen years.21.A.excitingB.differentC.shockingD.difficult 22.A.heldB.tookC.feltD.reached23.A.pulledB.foundC.handedD.picked 24.A.decideB.considerC.realizeD.know 25.A.busyB.hardC.uneasyD.important 26.A.proudB.ashamedC.annoyedD.unusual 27.A.fastB.fightC.togetherD.alone 28.A.talkB.thinkC.workD.say 29.A.familiarB.fewC.severalD.personal 30.A.ever sinceB.every timeC.as soon asD.the first time6(2005B)Steve Lesko tells of a Halloween when he brought his wife home from the hospital to live out her remaining days.31that children would come by for trick or treat and realizing he was not32with any candy, he quickly33whatever he could find in the house.The first arrival were three girls in their early teens.Mr.Lesko apologized for his34treats explaining he was not able to go and get any because of his wife’s35.They thanked him and went off.A few minutes36they returned and each girl gave him a handful of candy from their bags.Through his tears he tried to return the candy but37young ladies rushed off excitedly saying, “ We hope she gets38” Looking back on those 39 ,Mr.Lesko says: “ I do not know these beautiful women , but I’d like them to know their simple act of40brought joy and hope to me when there was none.31.A.ExpectingB.RememberingC.GuessingD.Promising 32.A.troubledB.satisfiedC.suppliedD.prepared 33.A.gatheredB.saveC.seizedD.selected 34.A.easyB.poorC.tinyD.carless 35.A.illnessB.problemC.reasonD.absence 36.A.overB.pastC.laterD.only 37.A.honestB.seriousC.nervousD.wonderful38.A.upB.excitedC.wellD.surprised 39.A.momentsB.eventsC.daysD.stories 40.A.happinessB.politenessC.faithfulnessD.kindness7(2006 A)Buying a Christmas tree is a holiday tradition for many Americans.One21found that almost eighty percent of American22had a Christmas tree last year.Many people23that Christmas trees come from forests.24, most trees are carefully grown on farms.Farmers plant and harvest Christmas trees as a crop,25fruits or vegetables.There are About 15,000 Christmas tree26in North America.The industry employs more than 100.000 people.Farmers27evergreen trees for Christmas trees.They remove seeds from the trees and plant them.Farmers care for the young trees28they are about three to five years old.Then farmers replant them in fields ,cut the tops of the trees to29how fast they grow, and cut the other parts of the trees while they are growing.This gives the trees the30that people will like.21.A.bookB.articleC.holidayD.study22.A.farmersB.homesC.statesD.stores 23.A.believeB.seeC.point outD.work out24.A.Before longB.In the endC.In factD.Now and then25.A.the same asB.similar toC.close toD.different from26.A.marketsB.forestsC.farmsD.factories 27.A.collectB.cutC.removeD.grow28.A.forB.afterC.asD.until 29.A.controlB.knowC.seeD.study 30.A.colorB.leavesC.shapeD.size8(2006B)The United Nations says more than 1,000 million people in the world do not havesafe, clean water to31.This is about one-sixth of the world’s32.About 6,000 people died each day from33directly caused by unclean water.Most of them are children.The UN has started an international movement to help34deaths caused by unclean water.One 35of the movement is to teach school children about36cleanliness.The UN will help the people in 25 countries, mostly in Africa and Asia.Governments and organizations there need to help people37water problems.A person in a38country usually uses about 10 liters of water a day.Yet, a person in an industrial country ,39Britain, usually uses about 135 liters of water a day.UN officials say this must change40the next 25 years.They hope all people will have safe, clean water.31.A.eatB.drinkC.findD.make 32.A.countriesB.problemsC.populationD.water 33.A.diseasesB.weaknessC.disadvantagesD.difficulties 34.A.escapeB.fightC.killD.prevent 35.A.measuresB.meansC.goalD.period 36.A.historicalB.internationalC.personalD.technical 37.A.answerB.deal withC.face toD.experience 38.A.advancedB.developingC.foreignD.small
39.A.as inB.as well asC.for exampleD.such as 40.A.ForB.OverC.WithinD.Throughout9(2007A)A very successful businessman had a meeting with his new son-in-law.“ I love my21and now I welcome you into the22.” said the man.” To show how much we care23you, I making you a 50-50 partner in my business.All you have to do is go to the24 every day and learn the operations.The son-in-law25, “ I hate falconries.I can’t stand the noise.” “ I se,” replied the26“ Well, then you will work in the office and take27of some of the operations.” “ I hate office work,” said the son-in-law.I can’t stand being stuck28a desk all day.” “ Wait a minute,” said the father-in-law.I just make you half owner of a money-making organization ,29you don’t like factories and you won’t work in the office.30am going to do with you?” “Easy,” said the young man “ Buy me out.”21.A.motherB.wifeC.daughterD.sister 22.A.familyB.businessC.companyD.house 23.A.withB.forC.ofD.on 24.A.hospitalB.factoryC.shopD.school 25.A.interruptedB.askedC.stoppedD.laughed 26.A.mother-in-lawB.son-in-lawC.daughter-in-law D.father-in-law 27.A.notesB.partC.chargeD.hold 28.A.underB.behindC.onD.in29.A.ifB.untilC.whileD.but 30.A.WhereB.HowC.WhyD.What10(2007B)There are many times in a year when gifts are given and received, but do not forget those31days that celebrate personal milestones.Birthdays and holidays are special days , but they are not the32 times when giving a gift brightens the day.Celebrating a long33 or a shared happiness can strengthen relationships34friends and family.Foe most Americans, it is35to say thank you than I am sorry.36a research, nearly two-thirds of people37believe that saying I’m sorry is easy.About the same38of Americans can remember a time where they were not properly thanked for a favor or act of39.In the 21th century, without even using words , you can ask a flower company to express your feeling together with a note card40everything that is too hard to say in person.31.A.officialB.interestingC.differentD.special 32.A.onlyB.importantC.actualD.correct 33.A.holidayB.partyC.friendshipD.discussion 34.A.ofB.withC.toD.for 35.A.more honestB.harderC.happierD.more often 36.A.As a result ofB.Instead ofC.According toD.Because of 37.A.arrangedB.mentionedC.requestedD.questioned 38.A.countryB.familyC.expressionD.number 39.A.kindnessB.courageC.deedD.carefulness
40.A.makingB.sayingC.talkingD.covering
第三篇：2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题
语文
一、现代文阅读（35分）阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。
传统的乡村是一个熟人共同体，在这个共同体中，儒家仁爱伦理设定的处理经济交往、人际关系以及维护乡村生活秩序的道德规则便捷有效，且易于被村民所接受和实践。传统乡村的伦理关系或是基于家庭和家族的血缘亲情，或是基于地缘，血缘亲情和地缘共同构成了熟人社会伦理的基础。因此，儒家仁爱伦理主张，人们应当首先维护家庭和家族成员以及彼此亲近的其他成员的权利，熟人共同体的伦理关怀应当优先得到考虑，然后再推及他人。自我不是孤独的原子，而是有着多重伦理关系的社会存在，人的本质规定性就体现在自我与他人以及社会的伦理关系之中。虽然改革开放和实行市场经济体制促进了人的个体化发展，但是，基于熟人关系的共同体伦理依然被村民所认同和践行。熟人共同体提供了人际信任可以利用的充足人文资源，这是对现代社会契约信任和制度信任的有益补充。
最近30余年中国乡村社会所发生的变迁是如此剧烈和急速，以至于人们尚来不及进行理性和冷静的思考就被卷入其中。村民日益个体化的自主选择和个体权利意识的觉醒，使得当代中国乡村伦理与传统乡村伦理相比，产生了一些新的带有“内卷化”特点的变化。其一是去传统化。个体从传统的熟人共同体的社会约束中脱离出来，试图摆脱家庭、家族和血缘亲情关系的道德要求。但是，这样的变化并不意味着熟人共同体不重要或者不再发挥作用，如果熟人共同体对个体的成长和发展有益，那么，个体依然会依靠熟人共同体。原本相对清纯的熟人共同体，现在融入了实用性和功利性的色彩。其二是通过从众来创造自己的生活。当代乡村社会的成员走向个体化，获得的是自由和权利，成就的是道德自我，不盲从别人强加的价值观，而且也明了何为善、何为恶，然后做出自己的自主行为选择。然而，吊诡的是，“自由和个性并不必然会使个体变得与众不同。相反，对社会制度的依赖决定了当代的个体不能自由地寻求并建构独特的自我，男男女女必须依据某些指南和规则来设计自己的生命轨迹，因此，他们最终得到的反而是相当一致的生活”。因市场经济机制的实行而生成的制度化行为规则，为个性的自由发展设定了一些限制，人们不得不遵从一些与自己的意愿相悖的普遍性道德原则和规范。从伦理学的角度看，因村民追求个体化而导致的熟人共同体的松动甚至瓦解，引发了一系列的伦理问题。
1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分）A．儒家仁爱伦理设定的处理经济交往、人际关系以及维护乡村生活秩序的道德规则便捷有效，容易被村民接受和实践。
B．血缘亲情和地缘是熟人社会伦理的基础，所以人们应当首先维护家庭和家族成员以及彼此亲近的其他成员的权利。
C．在人们还来不及进行理性和冷静的思考的时候，最近30余年中国乡村社会已发生了一些带有“内卷化”特点的变迁。D．个体从传统的熟人共同体的社会约束中脱离出来，摆脱家庭、家族和血缘亲情关系的道德要求对个体的成长和发展会更有益。2．下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是(3分)A．文章集中论述了传统乡村这个共同体变化的原因、变迁后的特点及存在的现实问题。
B．文章第一段结合儒家思想分析了传统乡村中人的个体化发展与熟人共同体的密切关系。
C．文章第二段论述了当代中国乡村伦理“内卷化”的相互对立、不可共融的特点。
D．文章第二段釆用总分总的结构特点，运用了引用论证、对比论证和道理论证的论证方法。
3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是(3分)A．现代社会人与人之间的信任只是建立在契约和制度上，这远远不如熟人共同体之间的人际信任。
B．村民一味追求个体化会导致熟人共同体的瓦解，还会引发乡村孝道衰落、人情淡漠、公共生活伦理缺失等一系列的伦理问题。C．乡村社会成员走向个体化的过程中，可以获得自由和权利，不盲从别人强加的价值观，有权做出自己的选择。
D．因市场经济机制的实行而生成的制度化行为规则，不得不为人们所遵从，所以自由和个性并不是绝对的。
（二）文学类文本阅读（14分）阅读下面的文字，完成4-6题。老土枪 赵志广
这是一杆没有枪栓的老土枪。
郝铁爹年轻时是郝家村的民兵队长，曾用这杆枪打死过十几个日本鬼子，也正是凭借响当当的战功，稳稳地在村支书的宝座上坐了五十多年。爹死后，郝铁成了村支书。
郝铁膝下只有一子，起名郝楠。受爹的影响，郝楠特别喜欢打枪，初巾毕业后，说啥也不上学了，整天闹着要当兵，说能打真枪。郝铁点头说：“好男就该去当兵！”郝楠在部队每次打靶都是第一名，当上了班长。郝铁得知后，乐得脸上开了花。
第三年，郝楠打回电话说：“战友都在为转志愿兵的事忙着给当官的送礼呢，至少得送两万块钱，我也想转志愿兵，咋办？”郝铁当时就火了，冲着电话嚷嚷道：“一分钱也没有，让转就转，不让转就回来，请客送礼的事，想都别想！”秋天的时候，郝楠流着泪脱下了军装。退伍后，郝楠进了县交通局。去上班前，郝铁指着老土枪对郝楠说：“你爷爷是老革命，老子英雄儿好汉！你得保住你爷爷的这块招牌，决不能变色走邪路，不能丢了爷爷的脸！”郝楠点头。
公安局收缴枪支弹药的时候，这杆老土枪被定性为革命文物，特批留存，但严禁再使用，郝铁把枪用油擦得铮亮，高挂在墙上。郝楠很得局长赏识，被招赘做了女婿，没几年又被提拔为副局长。后来，局长退休，郝楠当上了局长。虽说儿子入赘不太光彩，可当上局长，这可是件祖坟冒青烟的事，郝铁感到很自豪 这天，郝铁正坐在院门口，一辆小轿车停在了跟前。下来一个胖子，郝铁仔细看看，不认识 正纳闷儿，胖子说话了：“是郝铁大叔吧？我姓刘，是你儿子郝楠的朋友。”郝铁忙让进屋。胖子从皮包里掏出一沓钱放到桌子上说：“大叔，这是二十万块钱。咱县里要修一条柏油路，我想把这活儿包下来，郝局长不给面子，你老给说说情吧！”郝铁一辈子也没有见过这么多钱，看得心里直痒痒，一抬头，看到墙上的老土枪，耳朵边仿佛“砰”地响起一声枪响，惊得脸上没了血色，急忙把钱推回胖子说：“我家可是老革命家庭，你这一招不灵！”胖子灰溜溜地走了。胖子走后，郝铁天天看着墙上的老土枪发呆，突然一拍脑袋，把老土枪摘下来，小心用布包上，坐上公交车就进了城。一路上，郝铁心里像是压了一块大石头，压得有些喘不过气来。
儿子家里没人，郝铁就坐在门口等，日头过午了，一辆黑色小轿车停到了跟前，郝楠从车上下来说：“爹，你来也不打声招呼，我好派车到家接你。”郝铁看看小轿车问：“这是你买的小轿车？”“我这俩工资哪能买得起车？这是单位给我配的专车！”郝楠回道。“你是局长就有特权了？就能用公车办私事？”郝铁沉着脸训，训得郝楠哑口无言。进了屋，郝楠问：“爹，你来找我有事？”郝铁压低声音说：“前些天有个胖子来咱家了，给了我二十万块钱，想包活儿。我来是给他说情的。”郝楠说：“准是刘胖子，也来找过我，给我十万块钱，我没要，把他轰了出去。你赶紧把钱还回去。”郝铁说：“儿子，这次是二十万呀！爹一辈子没见过这么多钱，你就让他包了活儿吧！”“爹，你怎么越老越糊涂了？贪污受贿超过十万块钱就是杀头的死罪！你想害死我吗？郝楠急得直跺脚。“哈哈哈！”郝铁一听，心里的石头才算是落了地，禁不住笑出声来：“儿呀，这下爹就放心了。那钱我根本没接，也把他轰走了。”
郝铁拿出老土枪递给郝楠，问道：“你还记得这杆老土枪吗？”郝楠说：“爹，哪能忘了呢？爷爷是老革命，用这杆枪打死过十几个鬼子……爹，放心，我决不变色走邪路！”郝楠看看老土枪，再看看爹，两眼模糊起来。
(选自《小小说大世界》2016年第12期，有删改)4．下列关于小说艺术特色和内容的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是(3分)A．受郝铁影响，郝楠喜欢打枪，他上学不求上进，郝铁就支持他去当兵。事实证明，当兵这条路选对了，郝楠在连队出了名、当了班长。B．郝楠很得局长赏识，人赘做了局长的女婿，郝铁觉得这样不太光彩。可后来他当了局长，这是光宗耀祖的事情，郝铁还是感到很自豪。C．郝铁看到刘胖子送了那么多钱，一时间动了心，可当他看到老土枪后，清醒了过来，马上打消了收礼的念头，坚决把刘胖子赶走了。D．郝铁进城时，心里像压了一块大石头，忐忑不安；进城后见到儿子很清廉，心里的石头落了地，高兴地笑了出来。5．郝铁有怎样的性格特征？请简要分析概括。(5分)6．“老土枪”在文中有什么作用？结合全文简要分析。(6分)
（三）实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文言文，完成7-9题。材料一： 整治雾霾需要全社会的共同努力，其根本的出路是科技创新，通过企业转型升级减少污染源，降低污染物的排放水平。
根据《杭州市大气灰霾成因及关键污染因子预防控制研究》报告，机动车尾气、燃煤、扬尘是杭州PM2.5的主要来源，而油品升级是降低PM2.5的途径之一。为此，浙江地区的主要油品供应企业中国石化积极进行技术改造，实行油品升级，2015年12月1日起，全省供应国标准汽/柴油。除此之外，还对尾气中的其他有害成分进行技术处理，宁波海越新材料有限公司的石油天然气深加工项目，生产的异辛烷高标准淸洁汽油添加剂，能有效降低尾气中的PM2.5。
据报道，大数据、“互联网+”，这些先进的信息技术，也将用到“智慧治气”上。在G20杭州峰会前，杭州将推出“五气云”环境质量智慧管控系统。比如对工业企业的监管，不只监测企业最终的废气排放，连整条生产线上的每一个节点都能监测到。
雾霾治理也是一项系统工程，还需要在产业布局、工厂提标改造、燃煤电厂的清洁排放等方面进行科技创新，进行转型升级。(摘自2016年3月24日“新华网”《科技让我们走出雾霾》)材料二：
由哈尔滨工业大学、黑龙江大学等单位专家共同研制的“治霾”科技新成果——陶瓷基金属磨损自修复材料(DFR)“发动机医生”，目前已在全国17个省、市、自治区推广，成为“治霾利器。这个黑龙江人自己研制的具有自主知识产权的高科技新材料产品已成功抢占润滑油产业技术制高点，并远销国外市场。“发动机医生”主攻方向是发动机节能减排。黑龙江大学科技园管理办公室主任、项目技术负责人张存德介绍：“简单地说，汽车发动机缸体经过长时间活塞运动会出现磨损，导致发动机出现漏油、串气、冒黑烟、烧杋油、燃料燃烧不完全等现象，而这些都会产生有害气体和可吸入颗粒物。DFR材料就是加入汽车发动机内的‘工业味精’，它通过超精研磨，清理氧化物、油垢和积炭，提高发动机的密封性能，使油料、燃气燃烧充分，从而降低有害气体排放、降低颗粒物排放和节省燃油，进而减少由于发动杋尾气排放给人类生存环境造成的空气污染。”
(摘自2014年11月23日《黑龙江日报》)材料三：
由荷兰艺术家丹·罗斯加德设计的名为“无霾之洞”的雾霾净化塔已于9月底进京，该塔高7米，是世界上最大的空气净化器。它的内部有一台功能强大的真空吸尘器，利用电离技术吸入雾霾，滤掉其中的有害颗粒，然后排出净化后的空气。罗斯加德称，这台机器可以在36小时内净化一个足球场大小的空间内70%-80%的空气。项目的原型机基于目前在医院和停车场净化系统里使用的技术。同时，这个项目有一个充满想象力的副产品，它收集到的雾霾颗粒可被压缩做成黑色宝石。然而，这座塔却被业内人士认为，更多是起到人们对环境的警醒作用和抗击雾霾需要大胆创新的“行为艺术”。
与荷兰除霾塔的“行为艺术”相比，用于科学实验的长安除霾塔已经建成封顶。该项目是中科院地球环境所的空气治理重点试验项目，总建筑面积2580平方米。据了解，该除霾试验装置位居世界领先水平，通过去除大气环境中的PM2.5及NOx、SO2等雾霾形成的关键前体物，从而有效控制雾霾形成。项目试运行成功后，将通过在医院、学校、住宅小区等人员聚集区安装小型装置来推广应用此项技术，以逐步改善局部区域环境空气质量。
(摘自2016年12月21日“人民网”《那些消减雾霾的科技手段》)7．下列对材料相关内容的梳理，不正确的一项是（3分）
8．下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析，正确的两项是(5分)A．机动车尾气、燃煤、扬尘是杭州PM2.5的主要来源，为此浙江地区的中国石化积极进行技术改造，实行油品升级，这是该地区治理雾霾最有效的手段。
B．G20峰会前，杭州欲推出的“五气云”系统，不只能监测企业最终的废气排放，甚至能监测整条生产线上的每一个节点，这是“智慧治气”的先进发明。
C．“发动机医生”是我国研制的具有自主知识产权的高科技新材料产品，是润滑油产业技术的排头兵，是治霾的利器，畅销国内外市场。D．“无霾之洞”雾霾净化塔，能把收集到的雾霾颗粒压缩做成黑色宝石，但是因为除霾效果一般，人们认为它更像是一个“行为艺术品”。E．刚刚建成的长安除霾塔，通过去除大气环境中雾霾形成的关键前体物，从而有效控制雾霾形成，这项除霾试验装置目前位居世界领先水平。
9．长安除霾塔与荷兰的“无霾之洞”都是人们自发研制的治霾发明，两者有何异同？请结合生活实际，谈谈你觉得还可以采用哪些方法减少雾霾。(4分)
二、古代时文阅读(35分)
（一）文言文阅读（本题共4小题，19分）阅读下面的文言文，完成10-13题。
郑太字公业，河南开封人，司农众之曾孙也，少有才略。初，举孝廉，三府辟，公车征，皆不就。及大将军何进辅政，征用名士，以公业为尚书侍郎，迁侍御史。进将诛阉官，欲召并州牧董卓为助。公业谓进曰：“董卓强忍寡义，志欲无厌。若借之朝政，将恣凶欲，必危朝廷。”又为陈时务之所急数事。进不能用，乃弃官去。进寻见害，卓果作乱。公业等与侍中伍琼、卓长史何颙共说卓，以袁绍为勃海太守，以发山东之谋。及义兵起，卓乃会公卿议，大发卒讨之，群僚莫敢忤旨。公业恐其众多益横，凶强难制，独曰：“夫政在德，不在众也。”卓不悦，曰：“如卿此言，兵为无用邪？”公业惧，乃诡词更对曰：“非谓无用，以为山东不足加大兵耳。如有不信，试为明公略陈其要。今山东合谋，州郡连结，人庶相动，非不强盛，然光武以来，中国无警，百姓优逸，忘战日 久。仲尼有言：‘不教人战，是谓弃之。’其众虽多，不能为害。一也。明公出自西洲，少为国将，闲习军事，数践战场，名振当世，人怀慑服。二也。袁本初公卿子弟，生处京师。张孟卓东平长者坐不窥堂孔公绪清谈高论嘘枯吹生并无军旅之才执锐之干临锋决敌非公之俦。三也。”卓乃悦，以公业为将军，使统诸军讨击关东。或说卓曰：“郑公业智略过人，而结谋外寇，今资之士马，就其党羽，窃为明公惧之。”卓乃收还其兵，留拜议郎。卓既迁都长安，天下饥乱，士大夫多不得其命。而公业家有余资，日引宾客高会倡乐，所赡救者甚众。乃与何顒、荀攸共谋杀卓。事泄，颙等被执，公业脱身自武关走，东归袁术。
(选自《后汉书·列传第六十》)10．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是(3分)A．张孟卓东平/长者坐不窥堂/孔公绪清谈高论嘘枯吹/生并无军/旅之才执/锐之干临锋/决敌非公之俦/ B．张孟卓东平长者/坐不窥堂/孔公绪清谈高论/嘘枯吹生/并无军旅之才/执锐之干/临锋决敌/非公之俦/ C．张孟卓东平长者/坐不窥堂孔公绪/清谈高论嘘枯吹/生并无军旅/之才执/锐之干/临锋决敌非公之俦/ D．张孟卓东平/长者坐不窥堂/孔公绪清谈/高论嘘枯吹/生并无军旅之才/执锐之干/临锋决敌非公之俦/ 11．下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是(3分)A．孝廉，汉武帝时设立的察举考试，以任用官员的一种科目，孝廉是孝顺亲长、廉能正直的意思。
B．卒，士兵的旧称，属政府正规编制的部队。士兵需要有勇敢无畏的精神就是不怕死、有虎劲。C．郡，东汉末形成的州、郡、县三级地方政治制度。州起源于汉武帝所建部刺史监察制度。
D．仲尼，即孔子，被尊奉为“天纵之圣”“天之木铎”，是儒家学派创始人，倡导“性善论”思想。
12．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是(3分)A．郑太出身显贵，多次不就。郑太为司农郑众的曾孙，多次被举孝廉、辟三府，朝廷征召都不去赴任。
B．郑太深谋远虑，见机行事。郑太看到何进召董卓相助，劝谏何进，何进不听劝告，郑太弃官而走。
C．郑太能言善辩，足智多谋。郑太引经据典，用三条理由陈述山东不值得用大兵征讨，打消董卓的疑虑。
D．郑太乐善好施，胸怀大志。郑太在天下**之际，宴请宾客，并与宾客中何颙、荀攸等人合计谋杀董卓。13.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)（1）董卓强忍寡义，志欲无厌。若借之朝政，将恣凶欲，必危朝廷。(5分)（2）郑公业智略过人，而结谋外寇，今资之士马，就其党羽，窃为明公惧之。(5分)
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题2小题，11分）阅读下面这首宋词，完成14—15题。菩萨蛮 李清照 风柔日薄春犹早，夹衫乍著心情好。睡起觉微寒，梅花鬓上残。故乡何处是？忘了除非醉。沉水卧时烧，香消酒未消。
【注】此为李清照南渡后有代表性的一首词。沉水：一种熏香料，入水即沉，又名沉香。
14．下列对这首诗的赏析，不恰当的两项是(5分)A．本词从明媚的春光写起，写自己脱去厚重的棉衣，穿上轻薄的夹衫，心情美好。
B．上片末尾关于“睡起觉微寒，梅花鬓上残”的描写，自然流泻一股浓浓的愁怨。
C．本词词意深沉，由觉微寒、知梅残到思故乡之间有怎样的心理活动，引发想象。
D．由某些联想积蓄、酝酿而成的思乡之情、亡国之恨，在下片开头突然喷涌而出。
E．本词表达的情感曲折变化，由喜转悲，由悲转沉郁，由沉郁而入愤，层层深入。
15．本词是怎样抒发思念故乡的情感的？请简要赏析。(6分)16．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。(5分)（1）杜牧在《泊秦淮》中讽喻晚唐统治者醉生梦死、荒淫误国的诗句是：“。”
（2）在《劝学》中强调学习应当专一，如果不专一，便会像螃蟹一样，一无所成的句子是：“。”
三、语言文字运用（20分）17．下列各句中加点成语的使用，全部不正确的一项是(3分)①黄雅婷获得了第九届国际英语电视大赛中国区总决赛的一等奖，别看她在全国舞台上说着一口流利的英语，侃侃而谈，几个月前的她还不敢在班里当众发言。
②《战狼2》的极大成功令吴京终于成为功夫巨星，近日他受访时也再度回应了当年与甄子丹不合的传闻，吴京笑着回应记者：“我要谢谢他当初对我侧目而视。”
③大家众所周知，优秀的企业文化既有时代特色又有传统思想，是伦理和价值观念融现代精神而成的精神力量，更是先进的科学的文化与现代企业的完美结合。
④李世石是一个胸无城府的天才棋手，常出言无忌，只要有他出席的新闻发布会，肯定就有噱头，但令李世石没有料到的是，他必须为过于直率的性格付出代价。
⑤年轻的马晓旭从来没有经历过这么多事，也正因此她逐渐变得成熟起来，当诸多不虞之誉从天而降时，她表现出一种与她18岁的年龄极不相称的冷静和沉稳。
⑥据俄罗斯媒体报道，美国联邦调査局已经同意波士顿爆炸嫌犯母亲的不情之请，答应在其赴波士顿协助调查时安排她和嫌犯的父亲与儿子焦哈尔察尔纳耶夫见面。
A．①②④ B．②③⑥ C．③⑤⑥ D．②④⑤ 18．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是(3分)A．作为基层文艺工作者能参加“十九大”，我很荣幸，我们团队每年送戏下乡200场，受到群众热烈欢迎，还被列为国家艺术交流推广剧目。
B．美国国会如果未能及时提高美国财长努钦的借款权限，那么他会优先考虑偿还美国债务，但评价机构均认为美国的信用会因此受到影响。
C．对于再次推迟审判的章莹颖案来说，一旦检方寻求死刑，则必须经过美国司法部长批准，法官现已将寻求司法部长批准的截止日期确定。
D．江苏省工商局认真谋划、统筹考虑，把示范区创建为抓手，通过打造样板区，以点带面推动江苏网络经济发展整体水平的快速提升。19．下列各句中，语言表达得体的一项是(3分)A．长途车司机梁强与多位乘客见情况危急，鼎力相助，以最快的速度将男孩送医治疗。
B．医院一口气引进了五台自动化药房发药机，这将大大减少广大患者取药恭候的时间。
C．中秋本就是团圆的节日，月圆之夜，家中长辈们聚在一起赏月，我也有幸叨陪末座。
D．面对皇马，就连对手巴塞尔也送上了过奖之词，认为这支球队具备创造时代的潜质。
20．在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻辑严密。每处不超过15字。(6分)眼下正值暑假，？不少家长感到头痛。痛在哪里？关在家里吧，太憋屈；让他们自由活动吧，不放心；参加各种国际游学团或夏令营吧，实际效果如何不说，就让大多家庭倍感经济压力。还有一些家庭疏于管教，这就更值得警惕。
21.下面文段有三处推断存在问题，请参照的方式，说明另外两处问题。(5分)海明威在《永别了，武器》中曾大胆揭示战争的残酷！武器对人类的杀伤力是非常大的，所以我们每个国家都应该拒绝武器。只有拒绝武器开发的国家，才是真正热爱和平的国家，也只有在这样的国家，人民才会真正地有安全感。不是每个国家都一定要拒绝武器。。
四、写作(60分)22．阅读下面的文字，根据要求写作。(60分)近日，两封信刷屏朋友圈。甘肃男孩魏祥从小身患残疾，父亲亡故，在坚强的母亲陪伴下，12年求学路风雨无阻，今年高考考出了648分的好成绩。他寄给有意录取他的清华大学一封题为《一位甘肃高分(648分)考生的请求》的公开信，希望能为他们母子提供一间宿舍。清华大学立即以《人生实苦，但请你足够相信》的回信表示，“清华不会让任何一位优秀学生因为经济原因而辍学”，“未来的他，也会除却一身困顿，成就自己的不同凡响”。魏祥自强不息、与命运抗争的那股子劲儿引得众人点赞，清华回应的速度及姿态也引来喝彩一片。读了这则材料，你有何感想？请写一篇文章，阐述你的看法和理由。要求选好角度，确定立意；明确文体；自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不得少于800字。
语文
（三）1.C【解析】A.“儒家仁爱伦理设定的……容易被村民接受和实践”忽略了“在熟人共同体中”这个前提。B.“所以人们应当首先……”是儒家的仁爱伦理主张。D.“……对个体的成长和发展会更有益”，文中并无依据。
2.C【解析】“相互对立、不可共融”理解错误。
3.A【解析】“只是建立在契约和制度上”说法绝对、文中并无此依据，“远远不如”也无依据。
4.A【解析】“上学不求上进”文中无据。
5.①正直，讲原则：儿子转志愿兵坚决不请客送礼；拒绝刘胖子的巨额贿赂；反对公车私用。②有智慧：为了考验郝楠，假意为刘胖子说情。③有传承精神：继承了父亲的老土枪，也继承了父亲身上的革命精神和优良作风，并把它们传承给当局长的儿子，警醒儿子时刻铭记身上的责任。(答出一点给1分，答出两点给3分，答出三点给5分。意思对即可)6.①“老土枪”是小说的线索，在文中反复出现、贯穿全文。②推动故事情节的发展：因“老土枪”而当兵，因“老土枪”而警醒，用“老土枪”去试探儿子。③揭示主旨：“老土枪”象征着郝铁家祖孙三代身上的正气、正直，讲原则，有信仰的精神。(每点2分)7.B【解析】信息来源于材料一第四段，由材料内容可知，雾霾治理还需在产业布局、工厂提标改造、燃煤电厂的清洁排放等方面进行科技创新，选项中“这是一项系统工程，所以雾霾治理目前进展缓慢”属于无中生有。
8.BE(答对B项给2分，答对E项给3分)【解析】A.信息来源于材料一第二段，原文的表述是“油品升级是降低PM2.5的途径之一”，并没有说这是“最有效的手段”。C.信息来源于材料二第一段，原文的表述是“远销国外市场”，而非“畅销”，犯了偷换概念的错误。D.信息来源于材料三第一段，“无霾之洞”是世界上最大的空气净化器，之所以被称作“行为艺术”，并不是因为除霾效果一般，而是因为它更多是起到人们对环境的警醒作用和激发人们抗击雾霾的创新精神。
9.相同点：①功能相同；都是为除霾而研发的先进的空气净化装备；②都有使用局限性，只能改善局部环境内的空气质量，适用范围局限于停车场、学校、医院等人员聚集区。(1分)不同点：①工作原理不同。“无霾之洞”是利用真空吸尘器的原理除霾；“长安除霾塔”则是通过去除大气环境中的PM2.5以及NOx、SO2等雾霾形成的关键前体物，从而有效控制雾霾形成。②一个是目前最大的空气净化器，体量最大；一个技术水平世界领先，技术最优。(1分)措施：治理雾霾还应提升人们的环保意识，推崇绿色出行；提倡健康、节能、环保的生活方式，爱护植被；建议环保部门加大超量排放企业的食处力度；改善雾霾源头的生态环境等。(2分)10.B【解析】首先通览语段联系上下文，明晓文段语意。其次抓住关键词“者”进行断句，然后抓住“军旅之才”“执锐之干”结构对称进行断句，最后根据语意进行断句。11.D【解析】“性善论”为孟子的思想。
12.D【解析】根据原文“日引宾客高会倡乐，所赡救者甚众。乃与何颙、荀攸共谋杀卓”，文中并未交代何颙、荀攸的宾客身份。13.(1)董卓强暴残忍，不讲道义，野心很大。如果把朝政借予他，将会放纵其邪恶的欲望，必将危及朝廷。(“志欲”“若”“恣”各l1分，句意2分)(2)郑公业才智谋略超过一般人，却勾结外面敌寇，如今交给他士卒兵马，使他的党羽获得成功，我私下为明公担忧。(“略”“资”“惧”各1分，句意2分)【参考译文】
14.BE(答对B项给2分，答对E项给3分)【解析】B.从“微寒”“残”来肴，“流泻出一股浓浓的愁怨”错，应是“悄悄流泻出一股淡淡的愁怨”；E.“由悲转沉郁，由沉郁而入愤”错，应是“由悲转愤，由愤而入沉郁”。
15.①对比，上片的喜与下片的苦形成对比，突出思乡之情。②开头以乐景衬哀情，“风柔日薄”的明媚春光反衬愁思，倍增其哀；③上片末尾触景生情，以天气微寒、鬓上梅残暗写美好心情的削减，由上文的心情美好过渡到对故乡的思念；④“故乡何处是”直接抒情，突出了对故乡的牵挂和怀想之情；⑤“忘了除非醉”用夸张，突出了自己无时无刻不在思念故乡的情感；⑥末尾句用侧面表现和衬托，“酒未消”的情况下思乡，比清醒状态下思乡之情当更为浓重。(每条2分，任选三条作答。意思对即可)16.(1)商女不知亡国恨
隔江犹唱后庭花(2)蟹六跪而二螯
非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者
用心躁也(5分，每句1分)【解析】注意提示“晚唐统治者醉生梦死、荒淫误国”“应当专一”，另外注意“犹”“蟹”“螯”“鳝”等字的书写。
17.B【解析】①侃侃而谈：指人理直气壮、从容不迫地说话。②侧日而视：指不敢从正面看，斜着眼睛看，形容畏惧而又愤恨。此处不合语境。③众所周知：大家普遍知道的。前面不能再加“大家”，重复。④胸无城府：形容待人接物坦率真诚。城府，借指待人处事的心机。⑤不虞之誉：没有意料到或意想不到的赞扬。⑥不情之请：指不合情理的请求。称自己提出请求时的客气话，为自谦之词。
18.C【解析】A.成分残缺，应在“还”的前面添加“我们的剧日”。B.语序不当，应将“如果”放在“美国国会”的前面。D.结构混乱，可把“把……为”改为“以……为”或“把……作为”。
19.C【解析】A.“鼎力相助”是用来感谢别人时所用，此处不当。B.“恭候”是敬辞，用于等候别人。D.“过奖之词”，谦辞，过分的表扬或夸奖。
20.①怎样让孩子过好暑假 ②价格不菲的费用
③让孩子沾染了不良习气(每句2分)【解析】本题一定注意前后句子的关联。根据“正值暑假”，以及“关在家里吧……自由活动吧……”可知，①处，应该是有关孩子暑假安排的，由此不难确定答案；根据“参加各种国际游学团或夏令营吧”和“让大多家庭倍感经济压力”可知，②处可写有关高额费用的句子；根据“一些家庭疏于管教”以及“更值得警惕”，综合分析，③处可写“让孩子沾染了不良习气”之类的句子。
21.②不是所有真正热爱和平的国家都一定要拒绝武器开发。③不是只有在拒绝武器开发的国家，人民才会真正地有安全感。(写对一句得2分，写对两句得5分)【解析】本题需要首先阅读材料，找到文段中两处推断存在问题的句子，然后仿照①的形式进行表述即可。“只有拒绝武器开发的国家，才是真正热爱和平的国家”和“也只有在这样的国家，人民才会真正地有安全感”在推断上存在问题，根据已经存在的条件，不一定能得出推断的结果。22.【写作指导】
材料中，魏祥自强不息的精神让人感动，而清华所展示出的时代情怀更让人欣慰。是的，这个时代不应该让美好的品质离场，更不应该让充满爱的情怀黯淡。参考角度：①自强不息，精神可嘉。自强，是一种积极面对人生的品质。正是因为具备了这种品质，魏祥才能在遭受身体和精神双重折磨的情况下，考出648分的好成绩，让清华向他伸出了双手。自强不息的品质，让他成就了不同凡响的人生。②时代大爱，温暖落地。不得不说，这是一个充满温情与爱的时代，在这个时代，生命会受到尊重。魏祥的圆梦成功用真实的例子在向我们证明了教育公平的温暖落地从来都不是一个可望而不可即的梦。透过清华大学给魏祥的回信不难看出，教育承担着社会的责任，更承载着时代的情怀。【参考素材】(1)理论素材
①天行健，君子以自强不息。(《周易》)②胜人者有力，自胜者强。(《老子》)③有志者事竟成破釜沉舟百二秦关终属楚，苦心人天不负卧薪尝胆三千越甲可吞吴。(蒲松龄)④自强像荣誉一样，是一个无滩的岛屿。(拿破仑)⑤谁要是游戏人生，他就一事无成；谁不能主宰自己，他就永远是一个奴隶。(歌德)(2)事实素材
①玛格丽特：永远都坐在前排
20世纪30年代，在英国一个小镇里，一个叫玛格丽特的小姑娘，从小就受到严格的家庭教育。她的父亲常对她说：“无论做什么都要力争一流，永远不能落后于人。即使是坐公共汽车，你也要坐在前排。”玛格丽特牢记父亲的教导，在以后的学习、生活和工作中，总是抱着一往无前的精神和必胜的信念，尽自已最大努力做好每一件事情。在上大学时，入学考试科目中要求学五年的拉丁文课程，玛格丽特凭着自己顽强的毅力和拼搏精神，硬是在一个学期内全部学完了，并且考试成绩名列前茅。她在体育、唱歌演讲及学校的其他活动方面也都一直走在前列。她还连续四届当选保守党领袖，并于1979年成为英国第一位女首相，雄踞政坛长达11年之久。她就是被世人誉为“铁娘子”的玛格丽特·撒切尔夫人。②村上春树：最美的风景在路上
村上春树，公众心中诺贝尔文学奖的最佳候选人。然而，支持率年年“领跑”的村上春树总是与诺奖无缘。不过，日本常出长跑名将，在强调毅力、坚韧等竞技精神的氛围中，跑完6次波士顿马拉松的村上春树曾在作品中直言“追求得到之日即其终止之时，寻觅的过程亦即失去的过程”。他在文学探索的路上长跑，在人们生活方式时代记忆趋同的当下，直面扁平化的世界，选择了高难度的写作对象一一当代都市。于是，从《且听风吟》到《挪威的森林》，他走着与日本传统文学不同的路线，这些作品基调轻盈，却让读者确确实实得到了情感的洗礼。常常掀起购书风潮的超级畅销书作家村上春树当然不会被人遗忘。
第四篇：2010年全国普通高等学校运动训练、民族传统体育专业单招统一招生考试模拟题一答案
1.B。be at a loss是一固定搭配，“茫然不知所措”；后面句中的word在谓语之后又一同位语，因此在其前面应该应该加the。故选B.2.A本空格补全了的话，应该是twice as expensive as ours.应选A。形容词的级别的用法、加上数词来修饰。
3.B根据句子的逻辑关系，应该是说：“这种杂志很受年轻人的欢迎。。”，故选B.4.A本句前后两个分句结合起来来分析，应该是“这次艺术展一点都不算失败，是个大成功。”far from: 远非，毫不； second to: 次于。。；regardless to: 不管，不顾。故选A。
5.A旅馆（的情形）太糟糕！“。。房间太小”，后一分句用的是then我们发现淋浴还不工作；前后两句是迭进关系，都是在描述旅馆里不好的方面。To begin with：“首先”。after all: “毕竟，终究”；in reality:“实际上”；as a whole: “总而言之，总起来说”。故选A。
6.C在过去的几十年里，北极洲海里的冰，由于全球变暖，一直在减少。重点看时间标志over the past decades，截止点是现在，可以用“现在完成时态”，或“现在完成进行时态”，因此，只能选C.7.B“他一定是完成了工作，要不然，他不会在海边过得很愉快”。这四个选项中，只有B、D可以表示推测，但D所表示的含义与整句逻辑关系不符。故选B：对发生过的事情表示推测（一定是）。
8.B“许多父母在大城市工作的孩子，都在村里受到很好的照顾。”句子的主语many children, 与后面从句中的主语parents是一种属关系，故选B。
9.D句子前半截中重要提示是tomorrow;后一分句提到：我们将呆在室内上培训课；时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态。故选D。Cput out:熄灭；put on：穿上；put off：推迟，延期；put up：张贴，搭建。根据句子的前后逻辑关系，只有C是对的。
11.D“Jim 老爷五年前用他辛苦挣的钱兴建了一所私立学校”。found是动词原形：创办、成立、兴建；五年前发生的事情，用一般过去时态来表示，故选D。
12.B当。。时候，应该用进行时态表示那时正在发生的事情；从句中用的一般过去时态，主句中就表示过去那个时候正在发生。.故选B。
13.C这几个词都有“花费”的意思，但搭配使用不同：spend、pay的主语必须是人；take的主语必须是形式主语it,而真正的主语一般都后置，只有cost的主语是物：Sth costs(sb.)some money.故选C。
14.D“正是在2005年，我们公司才开始引进这个新方法”。强调结构是It is/was„that(who)„。只有被强调对象是人的情况下，后面句子的引导词才可以换成who,其他情况下引导词都是that，不管强调状语还是什么别的对象。
15.C“假如他学习足够努力，他就通过数学考试了；但他（事实上）没有”。本句是对发生过的事情进行跟事实相反的假设。如果对发生过的事情假设，条件句中谓语部分用过去完成时态，结果主句中的谓语动词部分，应该配套用would（等情态动词）+ 现在完成时态。
16.D前一分句说：兔子是相当安静的动物，后一分句是：他们能够发出20种不同的声音，分析两者的逻辑关系，只能是D（让步状语从句的引导词）；B、C二者都不能引导从句；若选A，前后逻辑关系都不同。
17.DSo放在句首，是对前文中肯定内容的代替，若选它，与前一分句句意不符；B、C都没有放在句首起代替作用的用法；只有Neither(也不„)在结构上、前后逻辑关系上都符合。
18.B“我不会去买那本书。”“我也不去，这本书太贵了。”so和neither放在句首、且句子主谓倒装时，可以表示前一种情况也适合于后者，so用于肯定的情况，而neither则用于否定的情况。所以B正确而C错误．A不合适，因为A中的助动词和前面句子中的助动词不同。D也不正确，因为too作“也”讲时，一般用在肯定句中，而不用于否定句中。
19.B许多房子在地震中倒塌了。a good many意为“相当多，很多”，后面要跟复数名词，谓语动词也应是复数形式，并且本句所讲述的是过去发生的动作，所以应用过去时。
20.A考查情景交际用语。表示有礼貌的请求时常用“Would you mind…?”句式，用以询问“你介意…吗？”，请求对方不要做某事，用Would you mind + not doing sth?。同意(不介意)对方做某事时，常用的回答有No, please./ Certainly not./ No, not at all./ Of course not；不同意（介意）对方做某事时，常用的回答有Sorry, but I do./ Yes, you’d better not.。故本题选A。
21.B从句意：然后告诉他的百姓，每个家庭都不得不从家中拿一杯牛奶，在晚上把它倒入池塘里。从某处应用介词from。
22.D到早晨，池塘里应该装满了牛奶。fill…with 与be full of都表示“满的”意思，fill是动词，而full 是形容词，各自的搭配不同。
23.C他想既然每个人都带牛奶，认为以来,他就把牛奶藏一杯水,把它变成池塘。句意为：接到命令后，每个人都回家了。其他三项均不符合句意，只有C项。
24.A他想每个人都从家中带来牛奶，他把牛奶藏起来，而用一杯水代替倒入池塘里。
25.B句意为：由于晚上天黑，没有人会注意到。表示“原因”只有选项B。
26.C句意为：所以他很快就把水放入池塘,回到家里。
27.A由后文可知，大家都与这个人的想法一样，倒入池塘里的是水，应是令国王大为吃惊符合句意。故选A。
28.C固定短语the same…as…表示“与……一样”的意思。
29.A句意为：亲爱的朋友，当你计划去帮助贫穷的人或那些处于困境中的人们，不要以为别人会照顾它。other 表示“其他人”而其他三项均不符合句意。
30.D所以改变自己,与众不同。make a difference表示“与众不同”的意思。
31.B事实判断题。根据Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy.I really got a lot from mountain-climbing.可判断出答案为B。
32.C词义推断题。由第二段I got a pain in both of my legs.I wanted toclimbing.可知由于腿疼，推断想要放弃。故选C。
33.A逻辑推断题。由最后一段第二句But later after that, I got new hope and confidence(信心).I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal(水晶).可判断出A。
34.A主旨大意题。从整篇文章中叙述爬上所带来的启迪。
35.A细节判断题。由第一段可知the law says you can’t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old.可知16岁以上才能获得全职工作。故选A。
36.B细节判断题。由Reisa said she had started taking art classes and showing her work to people.People have asked her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them.Jasmine, 13, writes articles for different magazines!可判断出B。
37.C段落大意题。从最后一段第一、二句Earning is learning.By working to earn your own money, you are learning the skills you will need to succeed in life.可知。
38.B细节推断题。由第一段第三句Perhaps we will go back to using horses, carriages and bicycles.可知。
39.D数据推算题。文中提出发电的方法有3种。
40.B推理判断题。由第二段They made gas from wood and plants instead.在二战期间用wood and plants。故选B。
41.B主旨大意题。由文章一开始就谈论是有紧缺，若石油用完将采用什么来代替。
42.B细节推断题。根据信息A，For more information, please visit Larry’s website:.au可知答案为B。
43.【答案】C
【解析】事实询问题。根据信息B，Call Susan at 7328059可知狗的失主为Susan。
44.D细节推断题。根据信息C，Experience and a good knowledge of the city are necessary.可知答案为D。
45.【答案】A
【解析】细节推断题。根据信息D，E-mail: sdgt@yahoo.cn.可判断出答案为A。
46.scientist47.surprisedshocked48.tired49.safe50.interesting51.instructions 52.clearly
53.difficulties54.operation 55.pleasure
Sample:
Dear David,I'm glad you'll come to henan to learn Chinese.Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now.It's difficult for you because it's quite different from English.You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible.It's also important to do some reading and writing.You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening.Do your best to talk with people in Chinese.You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you.If you have any questions, please ask me.I'm sure you'll learn Chinese well.Hope to see you soon in Wuhu.Yours,Chen Quan
Ladies and gentlemen，
第五篇：2013普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2013普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江西卷）
语文试题 详解
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共３６分）
一、（１８分，每小题３分）
1、下列词语中，加点的字读音全都正确的一组是
A、衣着（zhuï）果脯（fǔ）给（gěi]养揆情度（duï）理
B、蟊（máo）贼呵（hē）护湍（tuān）急模棱（léng）两可
C、载（zài）体供（gîng）认涔（cén）涔呱（guā）呱坠地
D、愠（yùn）色角（jiǎoj）色畏葸（xǐ）殒身不恤（xù）
【答案】B
【解析】A(jǐ)养——①所需物质和食物、饲料、燃料等的储备。②供给军队人员的主食、副食、燃料和军用牲畜的饲料等的统称。揆情度理kuí qíng duï lǐ——揆：估量揣测；度：猜想。按照情和理估量，推测。C、呱呱坠地gū gū zhuì dì——形容婴儿出生或事物问世。D、角（jué）色。殒身不恤yǔn shēn bú xù——殒：牺牲；恤：顾惜。牺牲生命也不顾惜。[出自]鲁迅《记念刘和珍君》
2、下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是
A、松驰 回溯 卫戍皇天后土B、辨认 影牒 荣膺残羹冷炙
C、豆蔻 聘礼 修葺金壁辉煌D、城阙 编纂 恻隐亭亭玉立
【答案】D。
【解析】【A、松驰（弛）B、影牒（碟）C、金壁辉煌（碧）】
3、下列各句中，加点的词语使用恰当的一项是
（1）家庭的使他从小对美就有敏锐的感悟，乡村丰富的色彩和生动的线条使他陶醉不已。
（2）那个时候的中国，社会动荡，经济秩序极为混乱，物价，人民苦不堪言。
（3）沈阳飞机制造公司全体职工都总经理罗阳献身国防事业的崇高精神打动。
A、熏陶青云直上为而B、熏染青云直上为而
C、熏陶扶摇直上为所D、熏染扶摇直上为所
【答案】C。
【解析】熏陶——人的思想行为因长期接触某些事物而受到好的影响。熏染——人的思想和生活习惯逐渐受到影响（多指不良的）。扶摇直上——扶摇：急剧盘旋而上的暴风。形容地位、名声、价值等迅速往上升。青云直上——青云：指青天；直上：直线上升。指迅速升到很高的地位。
4、下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是
A、走到一个十字路口，左拐；继续向前，走到第二个十字路口，还是左拐，跨过马路，就是图书馆。
B、芸斋主人说：鲁迅先生有言：真的猛士敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的鲜血。
C、蝴蝶纵有千般不是，还是有一桩长处：不做室中物！飞，则飞于野；舞，则舞于田。
D、“血战长空”以独特视角关注抗战时期中国空军的历史，剧中主要角色均有历史原型。
【答案】C。
【解析】A、“还是左拐”后的逗号应为分号。因为句子涉及“走到走到跨过”三种情况。
B、冒号连用错误。
“一个句子中不能出现两个冒号”这条规则是有条件的！
原因：冒号我们都知道要管到句号为止。但如果出现两个冒号，则要有两个句号（或句子末尾符号如叹号等）与之对应。如果没有则结构不清了。
厂长宣布：根据新情况制定二项新规定：一是不得带快餐盒进厂，二是工作期间不得串岗。（第一个冒号要管到句号，第二个冒号也要管到句号，那么这个句号就用了两次，所以还得加一个句号；但是两个句号连用又没有这个用法。所以要去掉一个冒号。
冒号都有相对应的句子终了符号。
如，子贡曰:“诗云:‘如切如磋,如琢如磨。’其斯之谓?”
第一个冒号与问号对应，第二个冒号与句号对应。
D、“血战长空”是电视剧的名字，应该用书名号。
5.下列各句中，没有语病的一项是
A、女性学者被称为“美女学者”，我还听过“美女主持”“美女政治家”的说法，估计没被我漏举的还有不少。
B、教育主管部门要求，各级各类学校学生的生活用品以及床上用品都应由学生自主选购，不得统一配备。
C、当前某些引起轰动的影视作品，也许在两年后，甚至五年以后就会被人遗忘得一干二净。
D、俄罗斯有发展远东的计划，中国有振兴东北的战略，如果有效对接，可能实现双赢，不过目前还只是一种期待。
【答案】D、【解析】A、双重否定不当。应该为“没被我例举的还有不少”或“被我漏举的还有不少”。B、选购指挑选购买（商品），即通过对商品的比较，从中挑选出自己需要的商品进行购买。自主指自己作主，不受别人支配。可见“自主”修饰“选购”显得多余。也许有学生会认为生活用品包含了床上用品。实际上床上用品指摆放于床上，供人在睡眠时使用的物品，包括被褥、被套、床单、床罩、床笠、枕套、枕芯、毯子、凉席和蚊帐等。而生活用品是生活中常用的一些物品的统称，例如牙膏，脸盆，衣架等。C、“五年以后”比“两年后”忘得多是自然而然的事，体现不出递进，二者应该换个位置。
6、下列关于名著的表述，不正确的一项是
A、孔子让他的学生谈谈各自的志向，子路抢着发言，冉有、公西华、曾皙是在老师点名后才发言的。最后，曾皙的发言得到了老师的赞许。（《论语》）
B、小说主人公大卫的母亲改嫁后，继父对大卫的管教近乎残忍，强迫他挂着写有“小心！他咬人！”的纸板牌，并把他送到伦敦的寄宿学校。（《大卫?科波菲尔》）
C、在金陵十二钗正册中，王熙凤的判词是：“凡鸟偏从末世来, 都知爱慕此生才。一从二令三人木, 哭向金陵事更哀。”（《红楼梦》）
D、堂吉诃德沉迷于骑士小说，忍不住要去行侠仗义。他四处冒险，上演了很多闹剧。他大战风车，以致连人带马摔在地上，折断了长枪。（《堂吉诃德》）
【答案】B（有一次当继父用鞭子打大卫的时候，大卫把他的手咬伤了。这一下他把大卫监禁了五天，之后又送到一所寄宿学校。大卫在这所学校里受尽了屈辱和摧残。一开始，校长秉承摩德斯通姐弟的旨意，在他身上挂了一块写有“当心他，他咬人”的告白牌，之后他又无数次地忍受校长的鞭打。这就是大卫人生的开端。可见B项判断不当，既然是校长让大卫挂着纸板牌，那“并把他送到伦敦的寄宿学校”就错的离谱了）
争鸣：D答案也有不正确之处。“长枪不是摔在地上折断的”。应是“长矛刺中了风车翼，可疾风吹动风车翼，把长矛折断成几截，把马和骑士重重地摔倒在田野上”。相关内容见《堂吉诃德》第八章“骇人的风车奇险中唐吉诃德的英勇表现及其他”附相关情节：
这时他们发现了田野里的三十四架风车。
唐吉诃德一看见风车就对侍从说：
“命运的安排比我们希望的还好。你看那儿，桑乔?潘萨朋友，就有三十多个放肆的巨人。我想同他们战斗，要他们所有人的性命。有了战利品，我们就可以发财了。这是正义的战斗。从地球表面清除这些坏种是对上帝的一大贡献。”
“什么巨人？”桑乔?潘萨问。
“就是你看见的那些长臂家伙，有的臂长足有两西里（西班牙里程单位，简称为西里，一西里为5572．7米）呢。”唐吉诃德说。
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“您看，”桑乔说，“那些不是巨人，是风车。那些像长臂的东西是风车翼，靠风转动，能够推动石磨。”
唐吉诃德说：“在征险方面你还是外行。他们是巨人。如果你害怕了，就靠边站，我去同他们展开殊死的搏斗。”
说完他便催马向前。侍从桑乔大声喊着告诉他，他进攻的肯定是风车，不是巨人。可他全然不理会，已经听不见侍从桑乔的喊叫，认定那就是巨人，到了风车跟前也没看清那是什么东西，只是高声喊道：
“不要逃跑，你们这些胆小的恶棍！向你们进攻的只是骑士孤身一人。”这时起了点风，大风车翼开始转动，唐吉诃德见状便说：
“即使你们的手比布里亚柔斯（希腊神话人物，又称埃盖翁，据说有五十个头、一百只手。）的手还多，也逃脱不了我的惩罚。”
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他又虔诚地请他的杜尔西内亚夫人保佑他，请她在这个关键时刻帮助他。说完他戴好护胸，攥紧长矛，飞马上前，冲向前面的第一个风车。长矛刺中了风车翼，可疾风吹动风车翼，把长矛折断成几截，把马和骑士重重地摔倒在田野上。桑乔催驴飞奔而来救护他，只见唐吉诃德已动弹不得。是马把他摔成了这个样子。
“上帝保佑！”桑乔说，“我不是告诉您了吗，看看您在干什么？那是风车，除非谁脑袋里也有了风车，否则怎么能不承认那是风车呢？”
“住嘴，桑乔朋友！”唐吉诃德说，“战斗这种事情，比其它东西更为变化无常。我愈想愈认为，是那个偷了我的书房和书的贤人弗雷斯通把这些巨人变成了风车，以剥夺我战胜他而赢得的荣誉。他对我敌意颇深。不过到最后，他的恶毒手腕终究敌不过我的正义之剑。”“让上帝尽力而为吧。”桑乔?潘萨说。
桑乔扶唐吉诃德站起来，重新上马。那匹马已经东倒西歪了。他们谈论着刚才的险遇，继续向拉皮塞隘口方向赶路。
二、（9分，每小题3分）
阅读下面的文字，完成7-9题
病毒不同于其他所有生物，它不是由细胞组成的。一个细胞中的结构要进行生命活动：进食、产生能量、生长、对环境的改变作出反应。但这一切病毒都没有。当它呆在细胞外时，它实际上是很小的、无生命的、懒惰的颗粒。它进入细胞后，灾难就来了。
所有的病毒都由两部份组成：核酸构成的核和包住核的一层蛋白质，在有些情况下是脂肪或类脂的包膜。蛋白质外表或类脂包膜（如果有的话）使病毒依附上细胞膜----然后病毒进入细胞。实际上这并不容易。病毒外衣的表面必须刚好依附在细胞膜的“接收器”的位置。即使在理想的条件下，病毒与合适的细胞的几千次撞击中，也只有一次能使它们正确地连接。这就可以解释为什么通常的病毒只对特定的细胞起作用。狂犬病和感冒则是最明显的例外，它们能感染的范畴级广。
一旦病毒依附上细胞，它有几种方法穿过细胞膜进入细胞。在细胞膜上开一个小洞让它进去，有脂肪包膜的病毒能将它们的包膜与细胞膜融合而使它们进入细胞。
当病毒进入细胞，它就开始回2013年高考试题——语文（江西卷）解析版
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