第一篇：The Tragedy of Hamlet（写写帮推荐）
Hamlet,Hamlet is also considered the summit of Shakespeare's art.The story comes from an old Danish legend.a dramatic speech uttered by one character speaking aloud while alone on the stage.The soliloquist reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience.e.neither a weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick dreamer,a humanist
unbounded love for the world;
cherishes a profound reverence for manfirm belief in man’s power over destiny. “To be or not to be” soliloquy:
•It's human nature to feel cowardly and ineffective when you're unable(or too smart)to take decisive(or rash)action.• The story
The action of the play is laid in Denmark.Gertrude, queen of Denmark, widowed by the sudden death of the king, within two months marries the late kings brother Claudius who thus becomes the new king.Prince Hamlet, son of the lake king, returns home from the university of Wittenberg.he suspects foul play on the part of Claudius, his uncle.Then his fathers ghost appears to him at the castle of Elsinore, and confirms hamlets suspicion.He undertakes to avenge the murder.To dull Claudius vigilance, Hamlet pretends to have gone mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier, to be an emotional disturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of players visits the castle, and hamlet has a play acted, which resembles the late kings murder.Claudius is deeply disturbed by the performance and leaves the hall before the play is finished.Hamlet is summoned by his mother, who tells him that he has offended the king.Hamlet reveals Claudius baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty
marriage.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.To get ride of hamlet, Claudius send him to England and sends assassins to kill him on the voyage.But hamlet succeeds in coming out of it alive and returns to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, poor Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of Ophelia's funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia's brother.Latertes vows to avenge the death of his sister and father.With him Claudius arranges that Laertes is to challenge hamlet to a friendly duel and kill him with a poisoned rapier.In the sword play, Laertes wounds hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned rapier by hamlet.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot to hamlet.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for hamlet.Hamlet then, in a passion, stabs Claudius.The queen dies, Claudius dies, Laertes dies, hamlet dies.And hamlets body is borne off with military ceremonial, by Fortinbras his successor.The rest is silence.The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
(1601)《丹麦王子哈姆雷特的悲剧故事》是根据13世纪初丹麦历史学家 Saxo Grammaticus 的记载，叙述丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父亲报仇，杀死他的篡夺王位的叔父的故事。莎士比亚在剧本中改造了丹麦的历史故事，改造了故事中主人公的性格，创造了哈姆雷特这个复杂深刻的人物。通过这个人物和他周围环境之间的冲突，莎士比亚反映了文艺复兴时期人文主义思想家的理想与资本主义原始积累时期社会现实之间的无法调和的矛盾。剧本中所描述的中世纪的丹麦实际上就是指的16、17世纪的英国，丹麦王子哈姆雷特实际上就是文艺复兴时期英国社会进步青年的代表。对于这些青年来说，当时英国的政治、英国的社会真是太黑暗了。难怪哈姆雷特说：丹麦是一所监狱，丹麦是一间最坏的囚室。
Hamlet’s soliloquy
Soliloquy
The Form of Soliloquy
Soliloquy’s Function
• 哈姆雷特的著名独白探索生和死的问题，指出思想和行动之间的矛盾。这段独白并不是说明哈姆雷特想借自杀来逃避替父报仇的责任，而是表达了人文主义思想家对生死问题的思考。在这段独白之前，哈姆雷特已和演员们约好当天夜间在宫中上演一出小戏，特请国王和王后观赏。他叫演员们演的戏很象他叔父谋害他父亲、娶他母亲的内容，目的在于观察他叔父对这出戏的反应，用以证实鬼魂所说关于谋杀的罪行。若经证明他叔父果然是凶手，那么他就要立刻采取行动替父报仇。他焦急地等待着夜晚的来临，以便进行这个关键性的试验。在这段无事可作的等待期间，他心情更加沉重了。他想到死是一条出路，但是他并未下决心自杀。
• 他权衡着生和死的得失；他想到每个人都掌握着自己的生死命运。拚一死去和罪恶社会作战呢？还是消极地忍受世间的不平和痛苦？在这里哈姆雷特历数社会上不平等、非正义的现象。他考虑到拿起武器和罪恶社会作斗争，采取行动替父亲报仇，都可能要付出生命作为代价，因此他想到生存和死亡的问题。死亡可以结束一切尘世间的痛苦，何乐而不为？但是死亡究竟是个谜，死后可能还有来生，来生可能有更多、更可怕的痛苦在等待着我们，如同睡眠中有恶梦一般。由于这个顾虑，人们宁愿忍受漫长的、痛苦的一生，而不肯轻易用一柄小小的刀子来结束自己的生命。因此，顾虑使我们成为懦夫。哈姆雷特从生死问题转而思索思想和行动之间的关系。思想是指导行动的，但是想得太多却令人踌躇不前，误了大事。这是哈姆雷特对自己的警告。
To be or not to be
“To be or not to be” and “Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” are better-known.This is not to say that it is at all the best or most interesting or most beautiful of the sonnets;but the simplicity and loveliness of its praise of the
beloved has guaranteed its place
Hamlet’s theme
Notes on the soliloquy
• of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later part of this very speech, giving, however, a different reason for refraining.The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life.“To be or not to be” is the key sentence in this soliloquy.“To be” is to continue to live, or to take action.“not to be” is to die, or to do nothing but suffering, to end one’s life by self-destruction.It is a dilemma of trying to determine the meaning of life and death.Is it nobler to suffer the life passively or to die(seek to end one’s sufferings)actively?
Practically the whole of Hamlet’s speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter world weariness.Of course, much of the imagery is not peculiar to Shakespeare or any writer, e.g., the likening of death to starting on a long journey.Take arms against a sea of troubles: to take up arms and rush upon the waves of the sea was a custom attributed by several classical writers to the Celts.The troubles are pictured as advancing like some overwhelming tide.No more: just that, only that, i.e.falling on sleep
Consummation: a completion of ones life, a crowning and fitting endWhat dreams: i.e.the thought of what dreams may comeMortal coil: turmoil of mortality, confused trouble of mortal lifeRespect: consideration= regard
Of so long life: so long-lived
Time: the times, the world, ones contemporaries
Might his quietus make: might give himself his release from life's troubles
Thought: anxiety
And lose the name of action: even as a river may lose itself in a sandy waste and so after its long course never reach the sea: wonderful symbol, indeed, of frustration and failure
• Analysis of Characters of Hamlet? 1.A humanist, free from medieval prejudices and superstitions Infinite love for the world rather for heaven Profound love and respect for man, and a firm belief in man’s power over destiny 2.This humanist love of man makes Hamlet turn to those around him(his father, Ophelia)with the same sincere eagerness.He loves good and hates evil.He shows a contempt for rank and wealth.A king and beggar are all one to him.His democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought.3.Man of superb intelligence, a close observer of men and manners, he easily sees through people.He could penetrate below the surface of things.He is forever.•
• Unmasking the world, he discovers how wicked and unjust the world he lives in is.His observation of his world is summed up in a bitter sentence: “Denmark is a prison.”
• Hamlet is not a mere scholar, simply meditative by nature.On the contrary, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated, a man of profound perception and sparkling wit.He is a scholar, soldier and statesman all combined.His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.• Hamlet’s melancholy is the result of his penetrating mind.•Hamlet gives a reason.If he kills the villain now, he would send his
soul to heaven;and he would rather kill his soul.• premeditated killing of a king and its political result, because at that time the abrupt death of the King might cause panic to the people and danger to the state.So what he considers now is no longer his personal wrong but the fate of his country.• A Freudian explanation:Oedipus complex
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