第一篇：河南大学广播电视研究生影视短片要求2013
河南大学广播电视专业研究生
影视短片毕业设计规范要求和流程安排
一、毕业设计要求
（一）广播电视专业研究生影视短片。时间长度为10分钟。短片片种包括（剧情片、纪录片、实验片、专题片、宣传片、音乐片、电视艺术片），影片创作时间为2013年9月-2014年1月之间，展映时间为2014年1月份。
（二）每人一片。
（三）视频拍摄应使用专业摄影摄像设备。画面质量为高清（1440*1080或1920*1080）或标清（720*576），画幅要求16:9或4:3。影片应有完整的片头片尾及中文唱词字幕。文件格式为mpg。
（四）影片应在导师的指导下，进行至少两次的修改，并提交影片初稿、修改稿和定稿，同时需以文字形式提交指导老师的修改意见。
（五）学生所需提交毕业设计作品材料包括：
1.纸质短片设计书。具体内容包括：
（1）导演阐述（选题简介、选题原因、影片主题及意义、主创人员等）
（2）剧本（剧情片、实验片等）或解说词（纪录片、专题片、宣传片等）
（3）分镜头脚本
（4）拍摄总结
（5）花絮照片（需能够证实工作真实性）
2.DVD光盘。具体内容包括：
（1）影片初稿、影片修改稿、影片定稿
（2）电子版和纸质版短片策划书
（3）拍摄花絮视频（30-60秒）
（六）学生必须主动联系指导教师接受指导，教师需完成过程管理、控制创作进度、判断学生工作的真伪、监督创作质量等工作。
二、毕业设计流程安排
广播电视编导专业毕业设计工作流程主要包括选题、开题、创作、中期检查、创作总结、答辩等六大环节。
2013年9月1日-9月20日，确定影片选题。
2013年9月26日，开题。
2013年9月30日-12月30日，文本及影片创作。
2014年1月1号5号，学生在指导老师指导下，完成毕业设计中期检查。2014年1月6日-10日，完成影片创作及所需材料。
2014年1月11日-15日，学生根据指导老师意见对影片进行修改2次以上，并保留教师修改意见。
2014年1月16日后，提交所有所需材料，组织影片展映。学术委员会对毕业设计作品进行综合评定，并给出成绩。（展映时间另定）
注：没有进行展映的影片不给予成绩，没有影片展映成绩不可以参加2014年研究生毕业答辩。
第二篇：河南大学《经济学》论文要求
河南大学经济学自考本科毕业论文写作基本要求
根据国家自考委和省自考委的规定，经济学专业(独立本科段)考生必须撰写毕业论文，且毕业论文合格，方能毕业。撰写毕业论文是学生在掌握基本理论、基本知识和基本技能的基础上，进行科学研究工作的初步训练，培养独立工作能力的重要环节，对全面提高教学质量、培养合格的毕业生具有十分重要的意义。为搞好经济学专业(独立本科)自学考试的毕业论文工作，特做如下规定，请考生认真执行。
一、资格
凡我校主考专业的自考经济学本科考生，必须完成考试计划规定的专业主干课程后（即不需要所有课程全部及格后）方能报名撰写毕业论文。
二、论文上交时间及地点
凡撰写毕业论文的考生，每年的3月1日—7日、9月1—7日为上交论文的时间，逾期不再受理。
三、费用
论文费160元左右（以当年物价局核定为准）
四、论文写作的基本要求
（一）选题
考生应在经济学研究方向范围内自行设计题目，选取自己熟悉的与当前热点有关的论文题目。
（二）文体
1、鼓励写作“工作研究型”毕业论文，即运用学习过的专业理论知识解决社会或本人实际工作中的实际问题，应侧重于理论应用的类型。
2、如有研究条件，所选题目确有价值，毕业论文也可以写成“理论研究型”，即对有一定价值的理论问题进行有一定深度的探讨、质疑、释疑、论证等侧重于学术研究的类型。
3、不提倡毕业论文写成“调查报告型”、“工作总结型”等仅反映实际问题，缺乏理论深度，且与所学专业知识缺乏有机联系等类型。
（三）文风
1、态度严肃。论证主题应有一定理论价值与应用价值，不可过于肤浅，不可完全从个人兴趣出发。
2、思维严谨。立论应正确，论据应充实可靠，结构层次应清晰合理，推理论证应讲究逻辑。
3、语言朴实。注意学习使用科研论文特有的科学语言，行文应简练，文字应朴实，不可过于繁琐。不可使用过分夸张虚饰、感情色彩过分浓重的文学语言，也不可使用过分直白、庸俗的市井语言。
（四）格式
1、毕业论文应使用统一制定的论文格式。
2、论文格式包括论文封面（题目、作者、专业、准考证号、指导老师、成绩、性别、身份证号、联系电话、工作单位、完成时间，见《毕业论文封面格式》）、摘要、关键词、目录、正文、注释、参考文献等。
3、毕业论文正文字数一般应在10000字左右，4、毕业论文正文段落层次划分标准：
一、（用于论文小标题）
（一）（用于重要段落的划分）１、（用于要点的排列）（１）（用于特征的排列）①（用于分特征的排列）
5、对所引用的他人观点，应在参考文献说明，并清楚地注明作者、书籍名称或刊物、出版社、出版时间、页码等，引用其他参考资料也应注明资料来源。
6、参考书目规格为：
（著作）作者：《书名》，XX出版社XXXX年第X版，第XX页。
（论文）作者：《论文题目》，《杂志名称》XXXX年第X期，第XX页。
7、打印格式
（1）页面设置：纸张A4，一式两份。（2）论文封面：见《毕业论文封面格式》
（3）摘要及正文：宋体四号字两端对齐，段落首行空两字，段落间不允许空行，段落标题除可以加黑加阴影外，不得再使用其他任何样式；单倍行距，段落间距都为零；不得对整篇文章使用表格嵌套；不得使用繁体字和任何背景色。（4）参考文献：宋体五号字。
五、论文指导及修改
所有参加毕业论文撰写的考生在论文写作过程中必须和河南大学经济学院或河南大学经济学院在各地的教学点联系，进行论文的指导与修改。
六、成绩
（一）毕业论文成绩分为优秀、良好、及格、不及格四等。
（二）毕业论文成绩及格以上（含及格）者，由我校上报省自考办。
（三）毕业论文须独立完成。如有抄袭、代写等作弊行为，一经发现，所写毕业论文无效并不准补写。正在撰写者，取消毕业论文写作资格；已评定成绩者，取消成绩；
附一：毕业论文评定成绩参考标准
1、优秀
（1）观点正确，证据有力，论证充分，资料翔实，理论分析比较深入，理论紧密结合实际。
（2）结构严谨，层次清楚，文字通顺，无错别字。
（3）在某些方面确有一定的突破与创新，回答与解决了较为重要的理论或实际问题，确有一定的学术价值或应用价值。
2、良好
（1）观点正确，论据有力，论证充分，资料翔实，理论分析比较深入，理论结合实际较好。
（2）结构严谨，层次清楚，文字通顺，无错别字。（3）论证主题有一定价值。
3、及格
（1）基本观点正确，论据较有力，论证较充分，资料较充实，理论分析不够深入，理论结合实际较差。
（2）结构尚合理，层次尚清楚，文字尚通顺，无错别字。
4、不及格（1）抄袭或由他人代写。
（2）基本观点有误，论据无力，缺乏论证，资料贫乏，分析肤浅，理论脱离实际。
（3）结构混乱，层次不清，文字不通顺，错别字较多。附二：毕业论文封面格式
河南大学经济学专业自考本科毕业论文
《论文题目》--宋体二号字居中、粗体
作 者： ×××
专 业： 经济学
准考证号： ×××××××
指导老师： 成 绩： 性 别： × 身份证号： ×××××××
联系电话： ×××××××
工作单位： ×××××××
完成时间：20××年×月 ×日 附三：经济学自考本科毕业论文样本
注意：作者：为考生本人姓名，专业为：经济学（本），准考证和身份证号：一定要填写准确，指导老师和论文成绩：由学校统一分配填写，考生本人不能填写，联系电话：一定要填写能随时联系上的，工作单位：可写专科毕业学校，完成时间：上半年填写为2月底的几号，下半年填写为8月底的几号。
自学考试经济学专业毕业论文题目
（1）社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度问题研究
（2）社会主义所有制与产权问题研究（3）非公有制经济发展问题研究
（4）社会主义初级阶段所有制结构演变和发展趋势研究
（5）公有制实现形式问题研究
（6）社会主义市场经济中市场机制与宏观调控关系研究（7）市场经济与社会主义公有制的有机结合问题研究（8）社会主义市场经济中政府与企业关系研究
（9）企业经营机制问题研究（10）建立现代企业制度问题研究（11）现代公司的治理结构研究（12）企业兼并的理论与实践研究（13）企业管理创新及其机制研究（14）企业家队伍建设问题研究（15）中小企业发展与融资问题研究（16）乡镇企业发展问题研究（17）企业集团发展问题研究
（18）集团公司内部母子公司关系及产权管理研究
（19）国有企业改革问题研究
（20）我国企业和农村经济发展问题研究（21）我国农村经济体制改革问题研究
（22）农业产业化问题研究
（23）欠发达农区工业化、城市化问题研究
（24）加快中小城镇建设问题研究
（25）农村费改锐问题研究
（26）减轻农民负担和提高农民收入问题研究
（27）农村剩余劳动力的地区转移研究
（28）联产承包责任制和统分结合的双层经营体制研究
（29）农产品流通体制研究（30）市场经济条件下的政府行为研究
（31）城乡就业问题研究
（32）社会主义市场经济条件下计划与市场的关系研究
（33）理顺收入分配关系的对策研究（34）按劳分配与按生产要素分配问题研究（35）转变我国经济增长方式问题研究（36）发展和完善我国市场体系问题研究（37）经济结构和产业结构问题研究（38）建立和完善社会保障体系问题研究（39）西部大开发基本理论问题研究
（40）可持续发展问题研究（41）知识经济问题研究（42）投融资体制研究（43）利率市场化问题研究（44）资本市场的发育与规范问题研究（45）金融风险及其防范问题研究
（46）国有商业银行现代化建设与改革问题研究
（47）金融对外开放与监管问题研究（48）适应社会主义市场经济的金融体系研究
（49）财政收入与经济增长研究
（50）财政体制改革问题研究
（51）财政政策研究（52）中国近代企业制度的变化（53）中国近代工业化过程中的政府作用（54）中国儒家思想与现代经济发现
（55）加入WTO后我国经济发展面临的机遇和挑战
（56）加入WTO对我国农业、工业、金融、服务业的影响及对策
（57）区域经济一体化和集团化以及经济全球化问题研究
（58）国际资本流向及我国的对策研究（59）利用外资与外债规模问题研究（60）国际贸易理论与实践问题研究
第三篇：河南大学论文写作要求
论文封面格式
河南省自学考试河南大学（什么专业）毕业论文
论文题目
作者：**********8**88
专业：*****88888*本科
准考证号：************
成绩：
联系电话：***********
完成时间：****年*月*日
自学考试本科论文写作要求
河南大学高等教育自学考试本科
毕业论文写作基本要求
在我校主考的自学考试专业中，部分本科专业要求考生撰写毕业论文。现就毕业论文写作提出以下要求，请考生认真执行。
一、资格
凡我校主考专业的自学考试本科考生，必须完成考试计划规定的专业主干课程后方能报名撰写毕业论文。
二、论文上交时间及地点
凡撰写毕业论文的考生，每年的3月1日—10日、9月1—10日为上交论文的时间，逾期不再受理。
上交地点：报名学校或机构
三、论文写作的基本要求
（一）选题
考生论文选题时，可以在河南大学网上查询自学考试办公室（http://zxks.henu.edu.cn/）；也可以和各主考学院联系。
（二）文体
1． 鼓励写作“工作研究型”毕业论文，即运用学习过的专业理论知识解决社会或本人实际工作中的实际问题，应侧重于理论应用的类型。
2． 如有研究条件，所选题目确有价值，毕业论文也可以写成“理论研究型”，即对有一定价值的理论问题进行有一定深度的探讨、质疑、释疑、论证等侧重于学术研究的类型。
3． 不提倡毕业论文写成“调查报告型”、“工作总结型”等仅反映实际问题，缺乏理论深度，且与所学专业知识缺乏有机联系等类型。
（三）文风
1． 态度严肃。论证主题应有一定理论价值与应用价值，不可过于肤浅，不可完全从个人兴趣出发。
2． 思维严谨。立论应正确，论据应充实可靠，结构层次应清晰合理，推理论证应讲究逻辑。3． 语言朴实。注意学习使用科研论文特有的科学语言，行文应简练，文字应朴实，不可过于繁琐。不可使用过分夸张虚饰、感情色彩过分浓重的文学语言，也不可使用过分直白、庸俗的市井语言。
（四）格式
1． 毕业论文应使用统一制定的论文格式。2． 论文格式包括论文封面（题目、作者、专业、准考证号、成绩，见《毕业论文封面格式》）、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、作者简介（姓名、性别、出生年月、工作单位、通讯地址、邮政编码、联系电话）等。
3． 毕业论文正文字数一般应在8000---10000字左右，4． 毕业论文正文段落层次划分标准：
一、（用于论文小标题）
（一）（用于重要段落的划分）
１．（用于要点的排列）
（１）（用于特征的排列）
①（用于分特征的排列）
5． 对所引用的他人观点，应在参考文献说明，并清楚地注明作者、书籍名称或刊物、出版社、出版时间页码等，引用其他参考资料也应注明资料来源。6． 参考书目规格为：
（著作）作者：《书名》，XX出版社XXXX年第X版，第XX页。（论文）作者：《论文题目》，《杂志名称》XXXX年第X期，第XX页。7． 打印格式
（1）页面设置：纸张A4，一式两份。（2）论文封面：见《毕业论文封面格式》
（3）摘要及正文、作者简介：宋体四号字两端对齐，段落首行空两字，段落间不允许空行，段落标题除可以加黑加阴影外，不得再使用其他任何样式；单倍行距，段落间距都为零；不得对整篇文章使用表格嵌套；不得使用繁体字和任何背景色。（4）参考文献：宋体五号字。
五、论文指导及修改
所有参加毕业论文撰写的考生在论文写作过程中必须和我校有关主考学院联系，由学院根据考生情况，指定指导教师。考生论文的指导与修改由考生与指导教师联系进行。
六、成绩
（一）毕业论文成绩分为优秀、良好、及格、不及格四等。
（二）毕业论文成绩及格以上（含及格）者，由我校上报省自考办。
（三）毕业论文须独立完成。如有抄袭、代写等作弊行为，一经发现，所写毕业论文无效并不准补写。正在撰写者，取消毕业论文写作资格；已评定成绩者，取消成绩；
附2：毕业论文评定成绩参考标准 1． 优秀
（1）观点正确，证据有力，论证充分，资料翔实，理论分析比较深入，理论紧密结合实际。（2）结构严谨，层次清楚，文字通顺，无错别字。
（3）在某些方面确有一定的突破与创新，回答与解决了较 为重要的理论或实际问题，确有一定的学术价值或应用价值。2．良好
（1）观点正确，论据有力，论证充分，资料翔实，理论分析比较深入，理论结合实际较好。（2）结构严谨，层次清楚，文字通顺，无错别字。（3）论证主题有一定价值。3． 及格
（1）基本观点正确，论据较有力，论证较充分，资料较充实，理论分析不够深入，理论结合实际较差。
（2）结构尚合理，层次尚清楚，文字尚通顺，无错别字。4． 不及格
（1）抄袭或由他人代写。
（2）基本观点有误，论据无力，缺乏论证，资料贫乏，分析肤浅，理论脱离实际。（3）结构混乱，层次不清，文字不通顺，错别字较多。
附3：英语专业本科的毕业论文，要求不少于3000字，论文封面除题目外一律用汉语。
自学考试经济学专业毕业论文题目
（1）社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度问题研究（2）社会主义所有制与产权问题研究（3）非公有制经济发展问题研究
（4）社会主义初级阶段所有制结构演变和发展趋势研究（5）公有制实现形式问题研究（6）社会主义市场经济中市场机制与宏观调控关系研究（7）市场经济与社会主义公有制的有机结合问题研究（8）社会主义市场经济中政府与企业关系研究（9）企业经营机制问题研究（10）建立现代企业制度问题研究（11）现代公司的治理结构研究（12）企业兼并的理论与实践研究（13）企业管理创新及其机制研究（14）企业家队伍建设问题研究（15）中小企业发展与融资问题研究（16）乡镇企业发展问题研究（17）企业集团发展问题研究
（18）集团公司内部母子公司关系及产权管理研究（19）国有企业改革问题研究
（20）我国企业和农村经济发展问题研究（21）我国农村经济体制改革问题研究（22）农业产业化问题研究
（23）欠发达农区工业化、城市化问题研究（24）加快中小城镇建设问题研究（25）农村费改锐问题研究
（26）减轻农民负担和提高农民收入问题研究（27）农村剩余劳动力的地区转移研究
（28）联产承包责任制和统分结合的双层经营体制研究（29）农产品流通体制研究
（30）市场经济条件下的政府行为研究（31）城乡就业问题研究
（32）社会主义市场经济条件下计划与市场的关系研究（33）理顺收入分配关系的对策研究（34）按劳分配与按生产要素分配问题研究（35）转变我国经济增长方式问题研究（36）发展和完善我国市场体系问题研究（37）经济结构和产业结构问题研究（38）建立和完善社会保障体系问题研究（39）西部大开发基本理论问题研究（40）可持续发展问题研究（41）知识经济问题研究（42）投融资体制研究（43）利率市场化问题研究
（44）资本市场的发育与规范问题研究（45）金融风险及其防范问题研究
（46）国有商业银行现代化建设与改革问题研究（47）金融对外开放与监管问题研究
（48）适应社会主义市场经济的金融体系研究（49）财政收入与经济增长研究（50）财政体制改革问题研究（51）财政政策研究
（52）中国近代企业制度的变化
（53）中国近代工业化过程中的政府作用（54）中国儒家思想与现代经济发现
（55）加入WTO后我国经济发展面临的机遇和挑战
（56）加入WTO对我国农业、工业、金融、服务业的影响及对策（57）区域经济一体化和集团化以及经济全球化问题研究（58）国际资本流向及我国的对策研究（59）利用外资与外债规模问题研究（60）国际贸易理论与实践问题研究
河南大学经济学专业（独立本科段）自学考试毕业论文参考选题及要求
根据国家自考委和省自考委的规定，经济学专业（独立本科段）考生必须撰写毕业论文，且毕业论文合格，方能毕业。撰写毕业论文是学生在掌握基本理论、基本知识和基本技能的基础上，进行科学研究工作的初步训练，培养独立工作能力的重要环节，对全面提高教学质量、培养合格的毕业生具有十分重要的意义。为搞好经济学专业（独立本科段）自学考试的毕业论文工作，特作如下规定。
一、考生参加毕业论文撰写的基本条件
1、通过经济学专业（独立本科段）考试计划规定课程的考试，成绩合格，累计达到规定学分，方能参加毕业论文的撰写。
2、按时交纳规定的费用，方能参加毕业论文的撰写。
3、上交论文的时间为每年的3月1—10日、9月1—10日
二、毕业论文的参考选题及要求
1、为方便和指导考生撰写毕业论文，特列下述参考选题供考生毕业论文选题时参考。（1）社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度问题研究（2）社会主义所有制与产权问题研究（3）非公有制经济发展问题研究
（4）社会主义初级阶段所有制结构演变和发展趋势研究（5）公有制实现形式问题研究
（6）社会主义市场经济中市场机制与宏观调控关系研究（7）市场经济与社会主义公有制的有机结合问题研究（8）社会主义市场经济中政府与企业关系研究（9）企业经营机制问题研究
（10）建立现代企业制度问题研究（11）现代公司的治理结构研究（12）企业兼并的理论与实践研究（13）企业管理创新及其机制研究（14）企业家队伍建设问题研究（15）中小企业发展与融资问题研究（16）乡镇企业发展问题研究（17）企业集团发展问题研究
（18）集团公司内部母子公司关系及产权管理研究（19）国有企业改革问题研究
（20）我国企业和农村经济发展问题研究（21）我国农村经济体制改革问题研究（22）农业产业化问题研究
（23）欠发达农区工业化、城市化问题研究（24）加快中小城镇建设问题研究（25）农村费改锐问题研究
（26）减轻农民负担和提高农民收入问题研究（27）农村剩余劳动力的地区转移研究
（28）联产承包责任制和统分结合的双层经营体制研究（29）农产品流通体制研究
（30）市场经济条件下的政府行为研究（31）城乡就业问题研究
（32）社会主义市场经济条件下计划与市场的关系研究（33）理顺收入分配关系的对策研究（34）按劳分配与按生产要素分配问题研究（35）转变我国经济增长方式问题研究（36）发展和完善我国市场体系问题研究（37）经济结构和产业结构问题研究（38）建立和完善社会保障体系问题研究（39）西部大开发基本理论问题研究（40）可持续发展问题研究（41）知识经济问题研究（42）投融资体制研究（43）利率市场化问题研究
（44）资本市场的发育与规范问题研究（45）金融风险及其防范问题研究
（46）国有商业银行现代化建设与改革问题研究（47）金融对外开放与监管问题研究
（48）适应社会主义市场经济的金融体系研究（49）财政收入与经济增长研究（50）财政体制改革问题研究（51）财政政策研究
（52）中国近代企业制度的变化
（53）中国近代工业化过程中的政府作用（54）中国儒家思想与现代经济发现
（55）加入WTO后我国经济发展面临的机遇和挑战
（56）加入WTO对我国农业、工业、金融、服务业的影响及对策（57）区域经济一体化和集团化以及经济全球化问题研究（58）国际资本流向及我国的对策研究（59）利用外资与外债规模问题研究
（60）国际贸易理论与实践问题研究
上述参考选题是指示研究方向范围的课题，考生应在规定的研究方向范围内自行设计具体题目，也可以不受上述参考选题的限制，自选论文题目。论文选题和题目，须经指导教师同意。
自学考试汉语言文学专业毕业论文题目
一、自考生毕业论文选题指南
（一）美学
1、论自然美
2、生活丑与艺术美关系研究
3、论优美
4、论崇高
5、悲剧理论研究
6、市场经济与美学研究
7、文学作品美学风格研究
8、丑的美学意义研究
9、应用美学研究，如园林美学、书法美学、服饰美学、广告美学等
10、中国古代美学专题研究，如古代美学思相家，美学范畴注变，某一美学著作等
11、西方美学专题研究
12、喜剧性研究
13、艺术品与非艺术品关系研究
14、审美时尚研究
15、审美趣味的个性化研究
16、审美教育与完美人格培养的研究
17、美的民族性研究
18、美的历史发展性研究
19、中西美学思想的比较研究，如人物比较、范畴比较等 20、中国当代美学思想的研究
（二）文学理论
1、市场经济对艺术创作的影响研究
2、文艺政策研究
3、文艺与现实生活关系研究
4、文学语言研究
5、文学风格研究
6、文学欣赏对文学创作的影响
7、艺术灵感研究
8、论艺术欣赏的主体性
9、文学作品的理论反向
10、中国文化专题研究
11、西方文论对中国文学影响研究
12、中西文论比较研究，如文论家、理论
13、艺术真实性问题研究
14、当代文学与传统文化关系研究
15、当代文学与西方文化关系研究
16、文学作品与宗教关系研究
17、当代西方文学理论研究
18、关于文学与人生的研究
19、文学社会效果研究 20、目前文学理论热点研究
二、外国文学论文选题范围
1、荷马史诗研究
2、古希腊戏剧研究
3、古希腊文学对后代文学的影响研究
4、但丁研究
5、莎士比亚喜剧研究
6、莎士比亚悲剧研究
7、文艺复兴时期文学思潮研究
8、弥尔顿诗歌研究
9、古典主义戏剧研究
10、歌德研究
11、浪漫主义文学思潮研究
12、拜伦研究
13、雨果研究
14、普希金研究
15、现实主义文学思潮研究
16、《红与黑》研究
17、《人间喜剧》研究
18、狄更斯研究
19、果理研究
20、陀思妥耶夫斯基研究
21、易卜生研究
22、托尔斯泰研究
23、海明威研究
24、现代主义文学思潮研究
25、卡夫卡研究
26、圣经文学研究
27、《沙慕达罗》研究
28、《一千零一夜》研究
29、《源氏物语》研究 30、泰戈尔研究
31、川端康成研究
32、大江健三郎研究
三、现当代文学选题目录
1、鸳鸯蝴蝶派再认识
2、张恨水社会言情小说论略
3、论《春明外史》的“野史”特点
4、论《金粉世家》中冷清秋形象
5、论《啼笑因缘》中樊家树形象
6、《啼笑因缘》与《秋海棠》比较研究
7、论平江不肖生的武侠小说
8、还珠楼主武侠小说论
9、王度庐“鹤一铁”系列武侠小说
10、金庸武侠小说简评
11、回顾与瞻望：新派武侠小说的过去与未来
12、试析鲁迅小说的人物形象系列
13、鲁迅小说的叙事艺术
14、鲁迅小说中的忏悔意识
15、鲁迅小说中的女性世界
16、《伤逝》再解读
17、《孔乙己》的叙事艺术
18、鲁迅小说 中的童年叙事
19、鲁迅小说的诗化特征
20、鲁迅与老舍国民性批判比较
21、老舍小说的京味特征
22、老舍小说的语言艺术
23、沈从文小说中的湘西世界
24、沈从文小说的抒情化倾向
25、论沈从文创作中的人性内涵
26、萧红小说创作的抒情色彩
27、萧红《呼兰河传》的诗化特征
28、郁达夫小说艺术论
29、废名小说的审美特征 30、废名小说艺术论
31、张爱玲小说的悲剧意识
32、张爱玲小说中电影表现手法的运用
33、郁达夫小说中的孤独者形象
34、审美化的人生——张爱玲散文论
35、冯至诗歌中的现代意识
36、论艾青诗歌中的忧郁
37、《围城》新论
38、孤独与梦想——重读《边城》
39、郭沫若诗中的抒情主人公 40、《女神》浪漫主义风格论
41、胡适与中国现代新诗
42、周作人散文艺术论
43、朱自清散文艺术浅析
44、冰心“小诗”简论
45、徐志摩散文艺术论
46、徐志摩诗歌中的意境
47、戴望舒与中国现代诗派
48、卞之琳诗歌“非个人化”倾向论
49、穆旦诗歌中的“自我” 50、曹禺戏剧的诗意特征
51、茅盾小说中的“现代女性”
52、《腐蚀》的心理分析艺术
53、巴金《寒夜》新论
54、郭小川诗歌论
55、贺敬之诗歌论
56、李瑛诗歌论
57、论闻捷的爱情诗
58、论李季的诗歌
59、公刘诗歌论
60、艾青新时期诗歌论 61、论艾青国际题材的诗歌 62、论艾青的创作道路 63、论舒婷的诗歌 64、顾城诗歌论
65、论“朦胧诗”的产生 66、论“朦胧诗”的艺术特征 67、“第三代”诗人论
68、论“朦胧诗”与“第三代”的区别 69、论赵树理的《三里湾》 70、论赵树理建国后的小说创作 71、信纸柳青的小说创作 72、论柳青的《创业史》 73、《创业史》艺术论
74、论建国后战争题材的小说 75、茹志鹃的小说创作论 76、论吴强的《红日》
77、论《保卫延安》的思想与艺术 78、论王蒙的小说
79、论王蒙的《活动变人形》 80、蒋子龙小说创作论 81、高晓声小说创作论 82、张洁小说创作论
83、论新时期军事题材的小说 84、贾平凹小说论 85、张炜小说论
86、论莫言的《红高梁》系列小说 87、论杨朔的散文艺术 88、论刘白羽的散文艺术 89、论秦牧的散文艺术 90、论新时期的文化散文
四、古代汉语论文题目
1、古代汉语词类活用现象综述
2、《论语》句法研究
3、《孟子》中的“之”字
4、《孟子》中的“其”字
5、《左传》被动句研究
6、先秦“是”的用法及其发展
7、《韩非子》中的被动句
8、先秦双宾语句的类型
9、“被”字的词义演变
10、从《韩非子》看先秦的副词
11、从《庄子》看先秦的宾语前置句
12、《苟子》副词研究
13、先秦修辞方式研究
14、《战国策》中的“是”字
15、《国语》中的判断句
16、《国语》中的被动句
17、试论词义的演变类型
18、词义引申的原则和方法
19、试论汉字形体演变对字形结构分析的影响 20、古今修辞方式的比较
五、1、中国古代洪水神话考论
2、《诗经》燕乡食诗的场面描写
3、《离骚》抒情主人公形象的塑造
4、《战国策》中策士言辞的抒情化特征
5、《庄子》中的畸人描写及其思想蕴涵
6、论《诗经》中的婚恋诗
7、《左传》中行人引诗分析
8、《孟子》文章的论辩技巧
9、《庄子》寓言的场景描写
10、宗玉赋试论
11、贾谊政论文的策士风范
12、司马相如赋的现实政治企向
13、论《史记》中下层人物的描写
14、汉乐府民歌的讽谕特征
15、论蔡邕的碑体文
16、曹植诗风的衍变
17、潘岳哀诔文的创作特色
18、陶渊明田园诗的艺术风格
19、梁园文人群体的辞赋创作 20、汉武帝时期赋家考论
21、《史记》人物合传的结构安排
22、《古诗十九首》中的人生思考
23、邺下文人的游宴活动与游宴诗创作
24、阮籍咏怀诗的抒情特征
25、左思咏史诗的咏怀特质
26、谢灵适山水诗的摹象特点
27、宫体诗的女性描写
28、论《文选》对诗的分类
29、论《子夜歌》 30、《世说新语》的语言风格
31、陈子昂的诗歌理论与诗歌创作
32、王维诗中的禅趣
33、论杜甫安史之乱时期的诗歌创作
34、盛唐时期绝句的特色
35、柳宗元的山水游记
36、李商隐诗歌的朦胧美
37、岑参边塞诗初探
38、论李白的梦诗
39、论白居易的感伤诗 40、韩孟诗派的艺术追求
41、晚唐苦吟派诗人的创作心态
42、论中唐传奇的创作特色
43、试论西昆体的艺术风格
44、欧阳修记体文的创作特色
45、苏轼黄州诗试论
46、论陆游的爱国诗
47、论辛弃疾的以文为词
48、李清照词的艺术个性
49、柳永词的语言特点 50、苏轼对词境的开拓
51、贺铸词的艺术个性
52、论诚斋体
53、宋末逸民诗初探
54、王安石散文的写作风格
55、论关汉卿的喜剧创作
56、马致远的神仙道化剧
57、论《倩女离魂》的艺术特点
58、《高祖还乡》的讽刺艺术
59、《水浒传》的忠义观 60、《三国演义》的战争描写 61、猪八戒形象分析
62、“三言”中的商人形象描写 63、公安派的小品文创作 64、《金瓶梅》的家庭生活描写 65、《西厢记》的继承与创新 66、《琵琶记》悲剧意蕴分析
67、元代少数民族诗人的诗歌创作 68、元代散曲的情感企向 69、宋江形象分析 70、《牡丹亭》的浪漫主义特色 71、论西门庆形象的文化警示意义 72、“三言”“二拍”中的风尘女性 73、李贽“童心说”的文学价值 74、论《西游记》的谐趣 75、清初历史剧兴盛原因初探 76、明清才子佳人小说的叙事模式 77、《聊斋志异》中的书生形象 78、《儒林外史》的讽刺艺术 79、大观园的文化意义 80、《红楼梦》的梦幻描写及其意义 81、《长生殿》的爱情观 82、狐鬼花妖尽世情 83、《儒林外史》的批判意识 84、论贾宝玉的人生悲剧 85、论林黛玉 86、论桐城义法
87、张飞、李逵形象塑造比较 88、花间词的艺术成就 89、《红楼梦》中的丫环群象 90、魏晋散文的骈俪化倾向 91、归有光的散文创作 92、《桃花扇》的结构艺术 93、论晚唐的怀古咏史诗 94、江西诗派宗杜论
95、论《史记》对后世小说创作的影响 96、宋代豪放词的艺术风格 97、论明清小说题材的邅变 98、《文心雕龙》对创作构思的分析 99、严羽《沧浪诗话》以禅喻诗分析
100、道家虚静说对古代诗歌创作论的影响
第四篇：河南大学研究生学位英语考试复习题
1.he thinks he can learn skills from good habbies 2.Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby
3.Roy's real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing
4.The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties 5.She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other
1.Husband and wife
2.A vacation is even more exhusting 3.The woman is packing for her bus tour 4.The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable 5.3 hours or so
1.He is at a job interview 2.He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right 3.To receive assistance from the teacher 4.He wants to keep learning all his life 5.The man's idea is not feasible at all
1.The woman is unhappy about too many advertiseements on Tv 2.He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures 3.It is about personality evident in an individual's gestures 4.The man is a Brazilian 5.He wants to make his baby stronger
1.She didn't go to the party yesterday
2.The engine started as soon as they got on the plane 3.Jason can take the test on another day 4.Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon 5.He was criticized by the woman's mother all the way.1.How to protect water and trees in nature 2.It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions 3.Louisiana tornado killed 50 people
4.He feels it necessaryto use animals in medical researches 5.The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem
1.Michael jordan is both a person's name and a trademark 2.He is a successful businessman
3.He succeeded quickly by working hard
4.Yao ming's team should not have lost in the first round 5.A way to keep energetic in life
英译汉
1.But today fewer of us do our living in that one place;more of us just use it for sleeping.Now we call our towns “bedroom suburbs,” and many of us, without small children as icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the people on our street.然而，如今的情况是居住和工作都在同一个地方的人极少，对更多的人来说家成了一个仅仅用来睡觉的地方。我们的居住地被叫做“近郊居住区”，由于没有了孩子像过去那样起到沟通邻里关系的作用，许多人感到要叫出跟我们同住一条街的所有人的名字来是件不容易的事。
It’s not that we are more isolated today.It’s that many of us have transferred a chunk of our friendships, a major portion of our everyday social lives, from home to office.As more of our neighbors work away from home, the workplace becomes our neighborhood.这不是说我们今天被分得更开了，而是好多人已经把部分的友谊和大部分的日常社交生活从家里转移到了办公室。随着越来越多的人走出家门去工作，工作的地方就变成了我们的街区。
If our offices are our new neighborhoods, if our professional titles are our new ethnic tags, then how do we separate ourselves from our jobs? Self-worth isn’t just something to measure in the marketplace, But in these new communities, it becomes harder to tell who we are without saying what we do.如果办公室真的彻底变成我们的社区，如果我们的所从事的行业真的彻底变成我们的种族印记，那我们怎样才能把自己和工作区分开来呢？自我价值并不是只有在市场环境中得到体现的。但是在这些新的社区中，如果不先说明我们是从事哪行哪业的，就越来越难以说清楚我们究竟是谁。
2.Recently the Washington Post printed an article explaining how the appliance manufacturers plan to drive consumer insane.最近《华盛顿邮报》刊登了一篇文章，解释家用电器制造商是如何谋划把消费者逼疯的。
Of course they don’t say they want to drive us insane.What they say they want to do is have us live in homes where “all appliances are on the Internet, sharing information” and appliances will be “smarter than most of their owners.” For example, the article states, you could have a home where the dishwasher “can be turned on from the office” and the refrigerator “knows when it’s out of milk” and the bathroom scale “transmits your weight to the gym.”
当然制造商们并没有说他们想把我们逼疯，他们说他们想做的是让我们生活在“所有电器通过互联网实现信息共享”的住宅里。而这些电器比“大多数主人聪明的多”。例如，文章说到你可以拥有这样一个家：洗碗机“可以从你办公室启动”，电冰箱“知道何时牛奶喝完了”，浴室磅秤可以“把你的体重传送到健身房”。汉译英
1.对自己有耐心。人们常问，“什么时候这种可怕的痛苦才会结束？”专家们反对时间期限的限制。“大体上，你少则需要6个月才能开始感觉好点，”阿若诺夫说。“也有可能长达一年，或是两年。这很大程度上取决于你的性格、周围亲友的支持、以及是否得到帮助并借此战胜痛苦。”
Be patient with Yourself.People often ask , “When will this terrible pain stop?” Experts resist being pinned down to time frames.“Roughly, it’s a minimum of six months before you even start to feel better,” says Aronoff.“And it can be as long as a year, possibly two.A lot depends on disposition, the support within your environment, and if you get help and work on it.”
因此，对自己宽容些。认识到你将需要一定的时间，而且你自己的康复节奏可能和别人不一样。在走出悲痛中每前进一步都要祝贺自己：“我还活着，我已经撑到现在了。”
So, be easy on yourself.Recognize that you’ll need time, and that your own pace of recovery may not fit with that of others.Congratulate yourself at each step through grief: I’m still here, I’ve made it this far!2.人生最大的成就通常是靠简单的方法和运用一般的才干获得的。普通的日常生活以及其中的忧虑、各种不可避免之事和种种职责提供了取得最好经验的充足机会；生活中走得最多的老路给诚实的工作者以充分努力的机会和自我改进的空间。人类幸福之路就是坚定不移地沿着做好事的大道前进；那些最坚毅而又是最诚挚地工作的人常常是最成功的人。
The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities.The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind;and its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement.The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing;and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.
第五篇：河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部
Unit1 News:Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers．And contrary to the popular opinion，men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women．A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female.But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers;that's more than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though.Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gilts for other people, while men tend to buy expensive electronics.This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population.Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority.I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.S.C.1.W: Do you have a hobby, Kevin?
M: Yes.Sure.I have more than one hobby.W: And do you agree that some hobbies are good while some are bad7
M: Well, in my opinion, yes.Good hobbies are those that give you the opportunity to develop new skills.Bad hobbies, on the other hand, may result in bad habits.Q: What does Kevin say about hobbies? A)He has only one hobby and no bad hobbies.B)He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.C)He has both bad hobbies and good ones.D)He thinks one can tam bad hobbies into good ones.2.W: Wow, Stephen, your collection of coins is really amazing.You must be proud o f it.M: Yes.They are ray babies.Collecting these has taught me a lot.It teaches me to be systematic and careful, because I need to sort the coins according to their value and dates.W: And that's why you're a good accountant.Q: What can you learn about Stephen? A)Stephen is good at taking account of everything.B)Stephen's babies are interested in collecting coins.C)Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D)Stephen collects coins because they are valuable.3.W: Did you go fishing today? M: Yes.By the lake, all by myself W: But Roy, every tame you go out fishing, you come back with an empty bag.Why not give it up or try something else, like basketball?
M: No.Carol, you don't understand.Fishing makes me happy, because I love sitting alone and doing nothing at all.Q: What can be learned from the conversation? A)Roy often empties his bag when he returns home.B)Roy is trying to persuade Carol to go fishing with him.C)Roy is only interested in catching fish.D)Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.4.W: Harry, have you heard about a 44-year-old farmer from the village whose hobby is to make machines?
M: Yes, Tina.l know he is the inventor and the “father” of the robots in his village.His high-tech products really bring lots of benefits to his family and neighbours.W: The most impressive thing is, while making robots, he has suffered two major disasters.One explosion nearly destroyed his two fingers, and a fire burnt all his belongings.M: And the idea of giving up never occurs to him.Actually, that's the part that touches me most.Q: What impresses Harry and Tina most? A)The farmer makes robots without much knowledge about high-tech.B)The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.C)The farmer's hobby has brought great changes to his village.D)The farmer started his hobby at the age of 44.5.M: Marilyn, have you thought about this question? Among all the evil addictions, which is the worst?
W: Addiction is addiction, no matter what it is.Drugs, alcohol, smoking, or gambling.And don't forget the Internet.Any addiction comes with pain and sadness.So my answer to your question is, all of them.M: I can't agree.You see, drug addicts don't get much sympathy.Drugs destroy health, family, feelings, and friendships.It makes you live like trash.That's the worst.W: Daniel, any addiction may lead to that.Q: What's Marilyn's attitude towards various addictions? A)She thinks drug addiction is the most dangerous.B)She thinks Internet addiction is the most harmful.C)She thinks addictions that make you trash are the worst.D)She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.Unit2 S.C.1.W: Can we really afford a holiday? We're paying for this house and we have a loan for the furniture.M: Listen.You work hard and I work hard.We're not talking about whether we can have a vacation.We're talking about where and when.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A)A Husband and wife.B)Customer and salesman.C)Father and daughter.D)Co-workers.2.W: You look tired.Why not take a vacation for a change?
M: A vacation for a change? Don't you know “no man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one”?
Q: What does the man mean? A)No one needs a vacation as much as he does.B)He has just had one.C)A vacation is incredibly good for a change.D)A vacation is even more exhausting 3.W: I’ve packed clothes, toiletries, a sleep mask and a camera, is there anything special I have to take?
M: Oh I’ll give you a list of necessities to take.Of course, the coach space is limited.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is preparing presents for her coach B)The woman is packing for her coach.C)The woman is packing for a visit to her coach.D)The woman is packing for her bus tour.4.W: What kind of holiday have you had? M: Terrible.Quite, quite terrible.We certainly won't go on a bus tour again.W: What exactly was the matter? M: The bus itself for a start.It was so old and battered.The only place it was fit for was a museum.Q: What do you learn from the conversation? A)The bus should be kept in the museum.B)The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable.C)The man was taken to only one place to see the sight.D)The bus was too old to be started.5.W: What's the time for your flight? M: I will leave Tokyo on May 21 at 5:30 p.m.on Northwest Airlines Flight 255.It will arrive in Hong Kong SAR at 8:35 p.m.W: I'll meet you at the airport.Q: How long is the flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong SAR? A)3 hours or so.B)9 hours or so.C)21 hours or so.D)5 hours or so.Unit3 Reporter:
In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks.White other students might be reading books, Empire students will read on their laptops.Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in Vail, Arizona.Mr.Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you've already given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook，but in this case involves a computer.Mr.Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible.I actually just recently had my students, studying...my American History students, studying the French-Indian War and its impact.And that sort of document is just not available in a traditional textbook, I would have to say, “Go online or go to a library and find a copy”, whereas with the laptops and with the resources they're using, they have immediate access to it.Reporter: What's the point here? Is it to get Io primary sources or is it to use a medium that youngsters today are more familiar with? How do you, how do you describe what you arc doing'? Mr.Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our reasoning, these are the students who've grown up with the computer, with the Internet, er, as, as kind of organic to their environment.It's not an add-on, like it, like it was to me.And this is normal for them.And so, limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousand page textbook is, from their perspective, I think a little bit abnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and view one topic from 20 different angles, as opposed to just the one angle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very much for talking with you.Mr.Gypton: Thanks so much for your time.S.C.1.W: Mr.Williams, where did you receive your Bachelor's degree in engineering? M: From Iowa University.And I am now working on my Master's.That's part of the reason I applied for this position.W: Oh, that's a good engineering college.You have very impressive qualifications.Q: What's the man doing? A)He is taking an entrance examination.B)He is working as an engineer.C)He is receiving his Bachelor's degree.D)He is at a job interview.2.W: Mr.Carlson, I tried to memorize the script but i keep forgetting the lines.I'm worried I might be a burden to the cast if l keep forgetting them during the rehearsals.M: Look, Jane, you will be just fine if you stop putting so much pressure on yourself.Practice makes perfect, and I'm sure you will get them in no time.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? A)He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B)He suggests the woman take a break.C)He suggests he may be able to help her practice her lines.D)He suggests that the woman give up if she is always having these problems.3.W: I'm going to Professor Wilson's office to ask for his help.Do you want to join in? M: I tell you what.I'll study in the lab by myself, and see how it goes.Self-education!Don't you remember what the instructor has always suggested?“ W: Yes, but that's for advanced learners.We are still at the intermediate level!Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?
A)To ask for help from advanced learners.B)To receive assistance from the teacher.C)To study by himself in the lab.D)To join in at the intermediate level.4.M: How long has your husband been studying Chinese culture? W: Him? Forever.He has been totally caught up in it since high school when we first met.M: No kidding!So many years!W: He always says one is never too old to learn.Q: What can you learn about the woman's husband? A)He has been teaching in high school for a long time.B)He is completely lost in a foreign culture.C)He thinks he will never get old.D)He wants to keep learning all his life.5.M: Education is of no use to us.Look, I've got a great idea---we can form a new school of artistic movement.W: You must have lost your mind.Artists usually get rich after they die, I mean, it's an accumulation stuff M: Trust me, that way we will be rich and famous in two years.W: There's a mental clinic around the comer down the street.Q: What does the woman mean? A)It will take them many years to get rich and famous.B)There's a new school of artistic movement around the comer.C)The man's idea is not feasible at all.D)The man has gone mentally insane.Unit 4 News: Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China.Louisa Lira wants to introduce us to an unlikely new champion for Chinese opera.He's a British man who has devoted more than a decade to bringing Chinese opera to new audiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in London in 1993.And that just shocked me.It really moved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born to Iranian Azeri parents.At the age of 32, he gave up his life as a computer animator and enrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn by the difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which has put that much discipline into training the perfect performer.That is what the Beijing Opera is about, the perfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, they sing and dance at the same time as performing heart-stopping feats of acrobatics and sword fighting.Once the show begins, it's clear that Pourazar has taken a Chinese classic and made it his own.The cast is partly non-Chinese.And there's a lot of explanation in English.The story is the much-loved legend of the Monkey King, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone, who learns supernatural skills and uses them to challenge the emperor of heaven.Pourazar is the multilingual monkey.(Singing)Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form that you perform for that audience.What I have done is, by taking it to London, to change the spoken parts into English.And that's, that's within the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit of comedy rap opera to the mix.(Singing)Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff, expressing the more acceptable way.So it'll be more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast, with young Chinese audiences turning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet.Much to Pourazar's sorrow.S.C.1.M: What channel do you watch on TV?
W: I watch mainly news programmes mid classic movies.I hate commercials.There is a lot more advertising than there used to be.M: Nowadays, whatever you're doing in your daily life, it's quite difficult to get away from ads in one tbrm or another.They're all around you!Advertising has always been part of our life.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV.B)The man is complaining about difficulties in his daily life.C)The woman is very interested in the advertisements around her.D)The man dislikes TV advertisements as the woman does.2.W: Excuse me.Can you tell me what your lecture is about? M: Oh, I'm going to lecture on photography of cities.W: Is that about architectural styles of various buildings? M: Well, not exactly.The theme in my photography is ”the history contained in cities“.I spend quite a large amount of time trying to depict life in the city, trying to build a history of cities visually.Q: What is file man interested in? A)He is interested in the progress of architecture.B)He is interested in writing the history of cities.C)He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures.D)He is interested in giving lectures on photography.3.W: Hey, listen to this interesting quiz: ”When the host introduces you to a group of people at a party, what's your typical meet-and-greet smile? Are your ]ips closed over your teeth, or with lips open and teeth revealed?“ M: What? What kind of quiz is that? W: It's a quiz about your character by testing your body language.My Chinese friend did the quiz, and her answer shows she is a shy and withdrawn person.M: I wonder whether that works for us Englishmen.Q: What is the quiz about? A)It is about how to give appropriate smiles at parties.B)It is about how to overcome shyness in social life.C)It is about cultural differences between English and Chinese people.D)It is about personality evident in an individual’s gestures.4.M: I really don't understand why Jerry was so cold yesterday when I came to his office, I know I was late.But it was only 20 minutes.W: Well, that's your problem.Jerry is a typical American.He must feel slighted and think you are a rude person.M: In my country, it's normal to be late by 30 minutes.W: But you are not in Brazil now.Q: What do you know about the man? A)The man is a Brazilian.B)The man makes a habit of being late.C)The man has a bad temper.D)The man is rude to his friends.5.W: Hi, Frank, have you just been to your kung fu class? With your.Chinese friends? M: Yes.It's amazing.Speed, power, balance and timing, that's kung fut.We strike with the fist, hand, the elbow, the knee, the foot, the heel, and the bottom.W: So, does that mean you are so tough that nobody can beat you in a right?
M: I don't do it for righting, but for exercise.I do this martial art in a gym, not on a battlefield.Q: Why does the man takes a kung fu class? A)He wants to make his body stronger.B)He wants to get the upper hand in a fight.C)He wants to make friends with people in class.D)He wants to learn more about Chinese culture.Unit 5 News: Christopher Reeve: 1996 Democratic National Convention Address Thank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge to the President: Sir, I have seen your train go by, and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something called ”family values“.And like many of you, I have struggled to figure out what that means.And since my accident, I've found a definition that seems to make sense.I think it means that we’re all family.And that we all have value.Now, if that's true, if America really is a family, then we have to recognize that many members of our family are hurting.And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of disability.You may have an aunt with Parkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinal cord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we're really committed to this idea of family, we've got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot tolerate discrimination of any kind.And that's why the Americans with Disabilities Act is so important It must be honored everywhere.It is a Civil Rights Law that is tearing down
barriers, both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives.S.C.1.W: Mark, what’s wrong with you? You look so tired.M: Oh, the party was so exciting, I couldn't go to sleep after that.Alice, 1 expected to see you at the party yesterday.W: If I had known that you were going, I would have gone.Q: What do we know about the woman'? A)She didn’t go to the party yesterday.B)She didn't remember seeing the man at the party.C)She left the party before the man arrived.D)She didn't want to see the man.2.M: Hi, Morn.This is Jack.I just got back from the Grand Canyon.The trip was really gorgeous!W: Did you have to wait very long before the plane took off? M: No sooner had we got on the plane than the engine started.Q: What does the man mean? A)They didn't have enough time to get their seals on the plane.B)The pilot had trouble starting rite engine.C)The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.D)They were delayed at the airport.3.M: Professor, could I arrange to take a make-up exam? I won't be able to come to clam on the day of the test.W: And why is that, Jason? M: Well...my dad's having surgery that day, and I want to be there at the hospital.W: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.I hope it all goes well.Certainly, we can work something out about the exam.Q: What does the woman mean? A)Jason will have to work a little harder.B)She's certain he can work on something else.C)Jason can take the test on another day.D)Jason can skip the test and won't have to make it up.4.M: They called me this morning saying that they couldn't hire me.You know that's nay fourth interview this month.I'm beginning to think nobody will employ me.W: Come on Tom, you just have to be patient.M: It's just so hard to be positive when I keep getting doors slammed in my face all the time.W: I know how you feel.But keep your chin up.The next job you go for could be the one.Q: What does the woman imply? A)Come on time and you could be employed next time.B)Be positive about people slamming doors in your face.C)Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.D)Keep your chin up and be proud of yourself.5.M: is the last time I will drive your mother anywhere!I've never met a worse back at driver in my life!W: Honey, Mum's been nervous just getting behind a wheel ever since that guy ran into her.M: That doesn't give her the fight to criticize my driving the whole way!Honestly!Next you need to take your mother somewhere, do me a favor and drive her yourself, Q: Why was the man annoyed? A)He had a worse driver in the back seat of his car.B)He got wit nervous when sitting behind the wheel C)He cannot drive the mother anywhere next time.D)He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.Unit 6
Acid Rain Damage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic?
A listener's question on today's ”Earth and Sky“.JB: This is ”Earth and Sky“.with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky.She asks, ”How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?“ DB: Sandra, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow.But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic.Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain.Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the ”acid“ in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain.The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere and can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog.The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences.We're Block Byrd for ”Earth and Sky".S.C.1.W: Did you know that we waste hundreds of gallons of water every day, simply because people don't turn off their taps properly? M: The problem is that people can't see that by turning off their taps, or switching off a light in their house, they are saving gallons of water and hundreds of trees.Q: What is mainly talked about in this dialogue?
A)How to turn off taps properly.B)How to save water every day.C)How to switch off light in the house.D)How to protect water and trees in nature.2.M: I think government should do whatever is necessary to create more wild animal preserves.They should raise money through environmental awareness campaigns.W: Maybe people could make voluntary contributions when they file their taxes.M: That's a good idea.That way whoever wants to contribute can, but it's not obligatory Q: What does the man mean? A)It is a good idea to set up more wild animal preserves.B)It is necessary to raise money through awareness campaigns.C)It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions.D)It is people's obligation to contribute money.3.W: I heard about the tornado on the radio in Texas.M: Was it as bad as the one in Louisiana? W: It was much worse.A hundred people were killed.M: That's twice as many people.Q: What do we know about the tornado in Louisiana? A)Louisiana tornado was as terrible as the one in Texas.B)Louisiana tornado killed 50 people.C)Louisiana tornado killed 200 people.D)Louisiana tornado was much worse than the one in Texas.4.W: 1 sincerely Peel that animals should not be used for research purpose.M: I don't really agree, I seriously doubt that medical research could be done without animals.W: We seem to be in a dilemma to decide what to do, protect the environment or develop Q: What attitude does the man hold towards using animals for research purposes? A)He is doubtful about medical researches with animals.B)He is in agreement with the woman not to use animals in research.C)He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches.D)He feels in a dilemma whether to protect the environment or not 5.W: Scientists say that water pollution is the biggest problem in the environment.M: Do you believe that'? W: Well, scientists base their statements on studies, don't they? What do you think is the biggest problem? M: Air pollution, because they're always talking about it in the news, aren't they? W: True, but can you always believe what they say in the news? Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The two speakers agree water pollution is the biggest environmental problem.B)The two speakers think air pollution is the biggest environmental problem.C)The two speakers always believe what is talked about in the news.D)The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem.
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