第一篇：四级作文开头结尾
(1)开头段
不写引言，直接摆出论点句，开头显得很突兀;把题目中的说明部分照单全抄，这种做法很容易引起评卷人反感。以2000年作文题“The Importance of Extracurricular Activities”为例，介绍应试作文中几种有效的开头方法。
(1)引语法：引用名言、格言或谚语，来吸引读者的注意力。
As the saying goes, “variety is the spice of life.” Although college students’ major task is study, study is by no means the only thing in their life.In fact, various extracurricular activities should serve as the spice of college life.What is more, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(2)定义法：对文章主题中的关键词加以界定，借此引发讨论。
What are extracurricular activities? Are they simply what students do after class in their spare time ? No, extracurricular activities are school-based activities organized by teachers or students themselves with an aim to develop the students’ interests and improve their all-around abilities.Naturally, part-time jobs are not extracurricular activities.In my opinion, extracurricular activities not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(3)举例法： 简单讲述轶闻趣事或经典笑话，或叙述自己或他人生活中的亲身经历，但必须紧扣主
题，言简意赅。
Once when a computer engineer was invited by our department to talk about the secrets of his success, he mentioned that it was in the extracurricular interest group organized by his middle school that first inspired his interest in computer and launched him to his future career while computer was far less popular at that time.Meanwhile, he expressed his regret that extracurricular activities are rare in our university.Indeed, as college students, extracurricular activities cannot afford to be dispensed with.In my opinion, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(4)提问法：提出一个或一连串有争议的问题，引起读者思考。
Should extracurricular activities be neglected in college? Of course not.Then what kind of a role do extracurricular activities play in college students’ life? In my opinion, extracurricular activities not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(5)阐述背景：简明地提供话题出现的背景。
Extracurricular activities have always been an important aspect of college life.However, at present, the extracurricular activities organized by our university are far from satisfactory.As many students have lost interest in these activities, they find college life boring and monotonous.In my opinion, a university cannot afford to neglect extracurricular activities because they not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(6)树立靶子。
Quite a few people hold the view that since college students are almost independent adults, extracurricular activities or no extracurricular activities hardly make any difference to their life.However, in my opinion, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(7)摆出两种观点。
College students hold different attitude toward extracurricular activities.Some think that since their main task is study, these activities are a waste of time;whereas others take an active part in extracurricular activities.I belong to the second group, because I believe extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(2)结尾段
结尾由“总结句+引申”组成。总结句是对全文观点的归纳和对中心思想的重申，可以参考论点句和主题句，换种说法将其再现。总结句单独成段会使结尾显得单薄。有时需要引申, 但不要空洞的口号，也不要添加中心思想以外的句子或出现新观点。以下介绍几种引申部分常用的写法。
(1)首尾呼应法：与引言部分内容呼应
与 “开头方法”例3呼应：In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.As more and more teachers and students are beginning to realize their importance, next time the computer engineer comes to our campus, he will most likely be impressed by our colorful life and various activities.(2)建议希望法：针对现象提出建议或希望
In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.I hope the university can provide us with more choices in our extracurricular activities in the near future.(3)后果预测法：预测所讨论的现象或问题可能产生的后果(积极/消极)
In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.I believe, with more and better extracurricular activities, we will live a healthier and richer life on campus.(3)正文扩展
正文部分再分两到三个层次论述，每个层次都是由“主题句+支持句”构成。支持句是用来说明主题句、提供充分论据和具体细节的若干句子。下面以99年试题为例重点介绍如何通过支持句来扩展主题句。
Topic sentence: “Advertising on television has a great influence on consumer behavior.”
(1)经历举例法
Take me for example.I first learned the brand of shampoo “Rejoice” from a TV advertisement.I was greatly impressed by the way the message was conveyed---the confident girl on her way to realizing her goal of becoming an aeronautics engineer, and her beautiful cascade of black, shiny hair.I decided to have a try then and there, and as you can imagine, I have remained faithful to this brand ever since.(2)调查数据法
Statistics from a consumer survey reveal that 65% of those who bought “Haier” products were actually prompted by their advertisements of various forms to try this brand and 45.5% among them by TV advertisements.(3)类比对比法
The effect of TV advertisements is just like that of a salesperson pushing a product in the supermarket.In face of such strong force of promotion, we really find it difficult to resist the temptation to have a try.Almost without thinking, we accept the commodity handed over to us with exaggerated enthusiasm and put it into our shopping cart.(4)因果论证法
Since TV appeals to our senses of sight and hearing with its vivid images, bright colors and pleasing melodies, advertisements on television usually leave a deep impression on our mind.When we hesitate before a full shelf of various brands of commodities of the same kind, a familiar brand-name drummed into the depth of our mind so blatantly may well surface just in time.(5)反正归谬法
Some people claim that they can never be influenced, as they hate TV ads, which interrupt their entertainment at the most unsuitable moment.Then if they are asked to give an example of such nuisance, they may well tattle quite a few.Well, since they “cherish” such a deep impression of these brand-names, who can be sure that one of these will not come to their mind at a critical moment in the supermarket?
第二篇：英语四级作文及开头结尾
Above all(一)首句
章段首句最重要的是 It’s well-known thatAfter all众所周知毕竟 As far as we knowAll in all据我们所知总的来说 As everybody knowsIn a word众所周知总而言之 As far as sb.be concernedAs a result就……而论 Frankly speaking坦白地说 Generally speaking一般来说 I am of the opinion that …我认为 In my opinion我认为 It has been shown that…现已表明 It has been found that …已经发现 It’s believed that…有人相信 It’s expected that…有人盼望 It’s hoped that …人们希望 It’s thought that …有人认为
Until recently …直到最近
Faced with …, quite a few people argue that ….But other people conceive differently.There is a general discussion today about the issue of….Those who object to … argue that….They believe that ….But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….Currently there is a widespread concern that … More and more people are realizing / have come to realize… There is no denying / doubt that ….(二)结尾句
结果 In fact / As a matter of fact事实上 In short / In brief简而言之 In conclusion总之 In general /summary总之 In the end / Finally Last of all最后 On the whole总的来看 It may be confirmed that…可以肯定 It’sclear that…很清楚 To sum up概括地说 Personally, I prefer to…
As far as… be concerned, I think / believe that…
In my opinion, I am in favor of ….（三）写作中常用到的过渡词： 1.时间顺序：first, second, then, finally, now, before, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately,suddenly, soon, gradually 2.空间顺序：in front of, behind, at the back of, to the left, to the right, above, below, on oneside, on the other side, next(to), far(from), beside , outside, around 3.因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to,as a result(of),so,therefore, thus, otherwise, on account of, due to, owe to
4.递进关系：in addition, furthermore,moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, even, besides, still more, to make things worse
5.例证说明：for example, for instance,such as, in one’s opinion, in fact, in this case, for actually, that is to say, in other words, according to
6.并列关系：but, and, as well as, or 7.对称关系：for one thing, for another, on
the one hand, on the other hand
8.转折关系：above all, at last, in a word,in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking, as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
9.总结关系：above all, at last, in a word,in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking, as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
10.过渡性插入语：I think, I’m afraid, you
know, as we all know, I’m sure, as far as I know
11.强调关系：in fact, indeed, surely,necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat, the most important, above all
（四）、常用模式
1．万事看头难常用模式：
Nowadays….It goes
without saying that….Now
people begin to realize that….There is no denying that…..It is
common that…..2．拓展不下去：
常用模式：（1）、罗列
Firstly….Secondly…..Thirdly…..For one thing….For another….On one hand…..On the other hand….At the same
time….（2）、举例 Take… for
example…
To explain…（3）、对比 In contrast,…./
On the contrary
（4）、递进 Moreover/ In
addition/ Besides
（5）、因果 Because…/
Because of…
Therefore…/
Consequently…/ As a result,…
The reason is
(was)that…
The reason why
(for which)…is(was)that…
That is because
(why)…
One of the
important reason is ….（6）、转折 But…/
However…/ Instead of…
Otherwise…
/Nevertheless….3．难以结尾：常用模式：（1）、总结 To
sum up…/ In brief…
（2）、个人观
点 Personally…/ As for me….现象解释型：
模板一：
(1)Recently, _______.What amazes us
most is _______.It is true that _______.(2)There are many reasons explaining
_______.The main reason is ______.What is more, _______.Thirdly, ________.As a result _________.(3)Considering all these, ________.For
one thing, _________.For another, ______.In conclusion, ______.模板二：
（1）As is known to all, _______._________ seem to get accustomed to _________.In fact, __________.（2）The reasons of ______ lie in
several aspects.Firstly, ______.Secondly, ______.Thirdly, ______.Finally, _______.（3）As a matter of fact, ______.On
the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.Therefore, ______.现象解释型叙事：
（1）It so happened that _______.Just
at the moment, ________.It impressed most because ________.（2）What happened was_______.At
first, _______.Almost at the same time, _______.What’s more, ______.As a result, ________.（3）As I understand, ______.On the
one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.Therefore, ______.对比选择型： 模板一：
（1）There is a heated debate over
_______.It is commonly accepted that ______.In contrast, others _______.（2）Those who hold the first opinion
suggest ________.In their view, ______.However, others think ______.They argue that ______.（3）Considering one after another, I
stand on the side of ______.First of all,_______.Furthermore, _______.Thirdly, ______.Therefore, ________.模板二：
(1)Recently, we may hear quite different
opinions _______.Most people take it for granted that ________.However, others hold ________.(2)A dominant idea is that _______.In
the view, ______.Nevertheless, the objectors think _______.They argue that ______.(3)As to me, I prefer ______.Therefore,______.On the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.In conclusion, _______.模板三：
(1)Different people will offer quite
different ideas _______.Many people assert _______.However, others believe ______.(2)Some may proclaim _______.They
maintain such an idea because _______.In contrast, the objectors think _______.They argue that _______.(3)As far as I am concerned, I agree to
_______.First, ______.Second, _____.Last but least, _______.In a word, ________.问题解决型： 模板一：
（1）With the ______ of _______,_______.So it is of great importance for us to _______.On the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.（2）However, we have figured out
many ways to _______.Firstly,______.So long as _______.Secondly, _______.Thirdly, _______.（3）In fact, ______.That is because
_______.In a word, ______.模板二：
(1)There has been a discussion recently
about _______.It is true to the present situation that ________.But ______.(2)As is known to all, there are many
ways ______.First of all, ______.Furthermore, ______.Last but not least, _______.(3)So it is high time for us to _______.That is because _______.Firstly, _____.In addition, ______.Only in this way _______.观点论证型：
It is well known that______.The truth of it is self—evident.No one can deny _____.Therefore, _______.Many examples can be found to prove _____.Take ______ as a typical example ______.People _____.Furthermore, ______.It goes without saying that _____.Then, _____.There is no doubt that ______.In conclusion, ________.It is believed that ______.The truth is deep and profound.As we know, ______.Consequently, ________.A case in point is _______.This is close to suggest _______.It is true that addition, _______.All mentioned above tells us ______.As a matter of fact, _______.There is no denying that _______.In short, ________.应用文：
1.竞选演说词： Dear:
It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.To begin with, let me introduce myself, my name is _____.As some of you may know, I am ______.As for the position of ______., there are some things making me feel qualified to take the job.Firstly, I ______.Secondly, I______.Thirdly, I am good at _______.Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my _______ if I am lucky enough to be the ______.On the one hand, I, with my co-workers, will _______.On the other hand, I will ______.In addition, I will ______.I wish all of you the best and thank you all for listening.Thank you!2.日程安排解说词：
Ladies and Gentlemen / Dear _______,Welcome to ________.To begin with, _______.It’s my pleasure to ______.Now to share the schedule with you, _______.Please keep in mind that _______.According to the schedule, ______.In addition, ______.As a matter of fact, ______.During your visit, ______.There is no doubt that ______.I hope that _____.Thank you very much for ______.3.建议信： Dear _____,I am delighted to learn that ______.It _______.In my opinion, ______.On the one hand, ______.On the other hand, ______.As to ______, I suggest ______.If ______.It is unnecessary for you to ______.In addition, ________.I am sure ________.Please inform me _______.I am looking forward to ________.Sincerely yours,Signature
4.批评、抱怨信： Dear ______,My name is ______.I am _______.I venture to write you a letter about _______.The focus of the complaint is ______.For
one thing, _______.For another, ______.Honestly speaking, _______.But _______.Besides,_______.All in all, there is still much room for improvement ______.I do hope _______.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours,Signature
第三篇：四级作文开头中间结尾
四级考试技巧
(1)尽量使用同义词避免简单重复，如“增加”可用 increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar等;“重要”可用 important, critical, vital, significant, crucial等。
(2)尽量使用词性变化来丰富自己的表达手段。和汉语一样，变化词性也是丰富英语表达的重要途径，是学习者提高英语水平的重要标志。英语学习者如果能够用to voice some different opinions 来替代to give/express some different opinions;或to double/triple 来表示翻倍或增加三倍则会使文章在表达上更为形象而生动。
(3)尽量使用派生形式来点缀文章亮点。英语的构词特点就是使用前缀、后缀来完成灵活多变的语言特色。例如，it is of great importance/help/use/significance 来替代 it is very important/significant/helpful/useful 本身就是英语水平的一个综合展示。另外，考生作文如果能够出现not unnecessary/not unimportant 来表达非常重要或者必要，则更能显示考生的英语功底。
6.灵活运用句式变化的规则
前面也提过，四级作文长度要求不少于120个词，按考生作文句子的平均长度11个词估算，一般需要10—12 个句子。在四级作文评分标准里，对于句子长度虽然没有具体描述和量化给分，但是阅卷老师一般都会给文章里使用正确的长句子加上印象分，也会给错落有致的句式变化以奖励分数，如果考生能够在作文中恰当地使用一定难度的复杂句子，则更能起到锦上添花的作用。在写作训练中，考生其实可以欣赏范文，摘录名句，改装结构，模仿使用，直到熟练运用。笔者认为只要努力，下面的策略可以帮助立志争取作文高分的学生可以通过下面的几个措施来提高作文水平。
(1)欣赏范文，但不要囫囵吞枣式地整篇背诵。准备一个写作专用的笔记本，从范文欣赏中摘抄自己喜欢的、老师讲评的、值得推荐的句式结构。比如：I love you not because who you are, but because who I am when I am with you.(我爱你，并不是因为你是谁，而是因为我跟你在一起时的感觉。)Few People today, if any at all, would risk their lives swimming across the river dominated by flesh-eating crocodiles.(今天已经很少有人，如果还有的话，愿意冒生命危险游过那条鳄鱼出没的河流。), If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.(如果你没能做计划，你就是计划着去失败。)
(2)模仿名句，但不要生搬硬套。准备足够的草稿纸，把自己摘抄来的名句，(如有不懂，应当向明白人求教)拆卸八块，然后重新组合，如是反复数次，直到熟练，甚至于可以自如组装，灵活运用。比如：上面的句子学生就可以在熟练掌握的基础上分别演绎出：I suggest that you choose English as your major not because it is easier to learn, but because it is promising when you take better prospect of employment into account.(我建议你选择英语专业，并不是因为她学起来更容易，而是因为她更有前景，如果你考虑到更好的就业机会。);Most of the students, if not all, are likely to be absorbed in PC games such as counterstrike, which is more frequently known as CS(大多数学生，如果不是所有的学生，很可能被诸如反击这样的电脑游戏所吸引，这种游戏经常被更多的人叫做CS。).(3)巧用心思，套用经典句型。鼓起勇气，说出自己想说的话，如果是母语，可能还好办，换成英语，大家最怕的是出错，出错扣分当然不好。但是利用经典句型组装一些长句子、靓句子和复杂句子对作文高分非常有帮助。比如作文开头常用句型：It is undoubted that …;there is no doubt that…;undoubtedly, there is…;It is beyond doubt that ….开头
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.最近,…问题已引起人们的关注.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.Nowadays,(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that… 人们一般认为…
Many people insist that… 很多人坚持认为…
With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…
A lot of people seem to think that… 很多人似乎认为…
引出不同观点:
People’s views on… vary from person to person.Some hold that….However, others believe that….人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为…..然而其他人却认为．．．
People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解.Attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to… 关于….人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.结尾
Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…
Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…
Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that… 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…There is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.提出建议:
It is high time that we put an end to the(trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …
毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视.Only in this way can we… 只有这样,我们才能… It must be realized that… 我们必须意识到…预示后果:
Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…
毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会…
It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.论证
From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我无法完全同意这一观点….Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就个人而言,我站在…的一边.I sincerely believe that… 我真诚地相信…
In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do….在我个人看来,做…比做…更明智.Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why…
给出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First, … Second, … Third, …这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, … 第二, … 第三, …
Why did… ? For one thing… For another….Perhaps the primary reason is…
为什么会…? 一个原因是… 令一个原因是… 或许其主要原因是….I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即…,其主要原因如下:
列出解决办法:
Here are some suggestions for handling… 这是如何处理某事的一些建议.The best way to solve the troubles is… 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…
People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人们已找出许多办法解决这个问题.批判错误观点和做法:
As far as something is concerned, ….就某事而言,…
It was obvious that… 很显然,….It may be true that…, but it doesn’t mean that… 可能…是对的,但这并不意味着…
It is natural to believe that, but we shouldn’t ignore that认为….是很自然的,但我们不应忽视….There is no evidence to suggest that… 没有证据表明…
如何连接
强调 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example.Except(for), to illustrate.顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately.whereas原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,图表作文常用句型
As is shown in the graph… 如图所示…
The graph shows that… 图表显示…
As can be seen from the table,… 从表格中可以看出…
From the chart, we know that… 从这张表中,我们可知…
All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即…
The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在这个城市的增长已达到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,这个数字保持不变.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.Reading Selectively or Extensively
1．现在，大众都认为读书是非常重要的。
2．认为要有选择地读书的人认为读书不在多而在精。
3．然而，认为要广泛读书的人赞成说广泛读书能使我们获得大量知识。
Now, it’s generally accepted that reading is very important.But when it comes to how to read, there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we should read selectively or we should read extensively.Those who are in favor of the idea of reading selectively believe that it is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts.For one thing, living in an age when much time has to be taken up by work and other activities, people are unable to find enough time to read extensively even if they tend to.For another, some hooks are harmful, such as pornographic hooks and magazines sold at the street hooks vendors.Lack of intelligent discrimination in this matter may cultivate one’s bad, indecent taste to such a degree that his mind might be.However, those who insist on reading extensively argue that it is through reading extensively that we obtain most of our knowledge.Now branches of knowledge overlap rather than remain isolated from each other.Only when one goes beyond his own field and reads widely, can he reallymake remarkable achievements in his study.In addition, the most valuable gifts bestowed by hooks are experience, broad view and wisdom.Thus a man who does not read or read only a selected number of hooks walks on this earth with a blindfold.英语四级考试作文评分标准
1.本题满分为15分。
2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1至2份。
3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。
4.评分标准:2分—条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分—基本切题。表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分—基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
11分—切题。表达思路清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分—切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
第四篇：英语专业四级 作文开头结尾句
文章开头句型
1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.例如(e.g.)
[1].When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that.......But I think/view a bit differently.[2].When it comes to...., some people believe that.......Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but(I tend to the former/latter...)
[3].Now, it is commonly/generally/widely /believed/held/acknowledged that....They claim/ believe/argue that...But I wonder/doubt whether.....1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论.e.g.[1].Recently the rise in problem of(phenomenon of)...has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.[2].Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus.[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 观点法----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.e.g.:
[1].Never history has the change of… been as evident as...Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of...been more visible/ popular than...[2].Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware)that...[3].Now there is a growing awareness/recognition to the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/ conscious of the importance of....[4].Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......1-4 引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
e.g.:
[1].“Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people.“Education is not complete with graduation.” Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher.Now more and more people share his opinion.[2].“.........” How often we hear such statements/words like those /this.In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “......”.1-5 比较法------通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.e.g.:
[1].For years....had been viewed as...But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing...,people........[2].People used to think that...(In the past,....)But people now share this new.1-6 故事法----先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.e.g.:
[1].Once in(a newspaper), I read of/learnt....The phenomenon of...has aroused public concern.[2].I have a friend who...Should he....? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.[3].Once upon a time, there lived a man who...This story may be(unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.文章中间主体内容句型
原因结果分析
3-1-1.基本原因---分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.e.g:
[1].Why...?For one thing..., For another...[2].The answer to this problem involves many factors.For one thing...for another......Still another...[3].A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect..../both individual and social contribute to....3-1-2 另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!
e.g.:
[1].Another important factor is....[2]....is also responsible for the change/problem.[3].Certainly , the...is not the sole reason for.....3-1-3 后果影响---------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响.e.g.:
[1].It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....[2].In involves some serious consequence for........比较对照句型
3-2-1.两者比较---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用!
e.g.:
[1].The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.[2].Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.[3].There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2.两者相同/相似------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!e.g.:
[1].A and B have several thing in common.They are similar in that.....[2].A bears some striking resemblance(s)to B.Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
2-1 结论性---------通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点.e.g.:
[1].From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....[2].In summary/In a word , it is more valuable.......2-2 后果性------揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.e.g.:
[1].We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......[2].Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that..will be put in danger.2-3 号召性--------呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.e.g.:
[1].It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of......[2].It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建议性--------对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.e.g.:
[1].While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most popular is....Another method is...Still another one is.....[2].Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.2-5 方向性的结尾方式----其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.e.g.:
[1].Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in a wide way.[2].There is no quick method to the issue of.., but..might be helpful/beneficial.[3].The great challenge today is......There is much difficulty , but........2--6 意义性的结尾方式--------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!
e.g.:
[1].Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit but also benefit.....[2].In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly..
第五篇：英语四级作文经典万能开头语和结尾语
英语四级考试作文经典万能开头语和结尾语
四六级写作常见句型
（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …
（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has become the focus of the society.②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life.⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …
⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face.（3）用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型
①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it.④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion.⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …
⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …
（4）用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型
①My own experience tells me that …
②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to …
③As for my own idea about … I believe …
④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …
⑤Personally , I prefer …
⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …
⑦But for me , I would rather …
⑧My own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …
（5）用于书信写作的常用句型
①Thank you for your letter of …
②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …
③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived …
④I am writing to you with reference to …
⑤I am writing to you in connection with …
⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …
⑦I would like to know some information on …
⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could …
⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …
⑩I look forward to hearing from you.（6）用于结尾的常用句型
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
四六级写作基本句式
以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如：
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
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