第一篇:冰果英语介绍的六级写作技巧
对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题。
例如(e.g.)
[1].When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that.......But I think/view a bit differently.[2].When it comes to...., some people believe that.......Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but(I tend to the former/latter...)
[3].Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that....They claim/ believe/argue that...But I wonder/doubt whether.....1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题,然后评论。
e.g.[1].Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of)...has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.[2].Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus.(has been brought to public attention)
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 观点法----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
e.g.[1].Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware)that...[2].Now there is a growing awareness/recognation of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of......[3].Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......1-4 引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法,来引出文章要展开论述的观点。e.g.[1].“Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people.“Education is not complete with graduation.” such is the opinion of a great American philosopher.Now more and more people share his opinion.[2].How often do we hear statements like“.........”.In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “......”.1-5 比较法------通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较,引出文章要讨论的观点。e.g.[1].For years,...had been viewed as...But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing..., people........[2].People used to think that...(In the past,....)But people now share this new...1-6 故事法----先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣,引出文章的主题。
[1].Once in(a newspaper), I read of/learnt....The phenemenon of...has aroused public concern.[2].I have a friend who...Should he....? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.[3].Once upon a time , there lived a man who...This story may be(unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.1-7 问题法-----先用讨论或解答的设问,引出自己观点,适用于有争议性的话题。e.g.Should/What......? Options of...vary greatly , some..., others...But in my opinion ,.......二、文章中间主体内容句型
原因结果分析
2-1.基本原因---分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.e.g.[1].Why...? For one thing..For another...[2].The answer to this problem invovles many factors.For one thing...For another......Still another...[3].A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect..../both individual and social contribute to....2-2 另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!e.g.[1].Another important factor is....[2]....is also responsible for the change/problem.[3].Certainly , the...is not the sole reason for.....2-3 后果影响---------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响.e.g.[1].It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....[2].It involves some serious consequence for........2-4比较对照句型
2-4-1.两者比较---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用!
e.g:
[1].The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.[2].Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.[3].There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.2-4-2.两者相同/相似------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
e.g:
[1].A and B have several things in common.They are similar in that.....[2].A bears some striking resemblance(s)to B.三、文章结尾形式
3-1 结论性---------通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点.e.g.[1].From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....[2].In summary/In a word , it is more valuable.......3-2 后果性------揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.e.g.[1].We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......[2].Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that..will be put in danger.3-3 号召性--------呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.e.g.[1].It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of......[2].It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.3-4 建议性--------对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.e.g.[1].While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most popular is....Another method is...Still another one is.....[2].Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.3-5 方向性的结尾方式----其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.e.g.[1].Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in a wide way.[2].There is no quick method to the issue of.., but..might be helpful/benefical.[3].The great challenge today is......There is much difficulty , but........3-6 意义性的结尾方式--------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!
e.g.[1].Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the payoff might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit but also benefit.....[2].In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly..二、如何写主题句
1.建议放在第一句
2.多用肯定句
3.语意明确,是段落轴心(段落中的每一句都与其相关)
One day, I was flying from Shanghai to Yunnan.When the plane took off, the wind was blowing, and it was raining hard.I was a little nervous....直接写出
My worst experience happened on an airplane in August 1995.三、如何发展段落
1.引用例子或个人经验/感受
2.定义某一个原则或概念
3.详细说明主题句
范例一(详细说明two cities, taste)
A visitor to my country should visit two cities to get a taste of the country.From north to south, the traveler should stop at _______ which is mainly an industrial city with many tall buildings and stores.After he has seen _______, the traveler should drive south toward _________.He will see(the sea)as he drives along the coast.When he arrives in _______, he will find a friendly city, with many fruit trees and plants.范例二(定义kind)
My mother was one of the kindest people on earth.When I was young, she would overlook almost all my mistakes and gently correct me.My mother would often be nice to other children in the neighborhood by sharing my food, toys, and even clothes with them.范例三(详细说明主题句serious problem)
For most people nowadays, the need of energy is a serious problem.In industrialized countries, people need a lot of gas and electricity.Economists and political leaders continually warn us about the problem.They encourage us to save energy by driving less, turning down heaters, and turning off lights.范例四(详细说明several important qualities+举例)
My ideal husband would have to have several important qualities.First he would be kind and loving.For example, he would never stay angry for long and he would always find little ways to make life more fun for his family.Second he would be willing to share with me the responsibilities of the household.He would, for instance, do some of the cooking, laundry, and cleaning.He would also share in the raising of our children.Finally, he would be tall and thin with dark eyes.常用于引言的字句-「起」
1.As an old English saying goes, “………” 有句英文谚语是这么说的,…
2.There is no denying(doubt)that S+ V… 不可否认的是…
3.Generally speaking, S + V…..一般说来…
4.According to my personal experience, S + V…In my opinion, Personally, I like/think, 根据我个人的经验…
5.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as +Ving…..世界上没有什麼比做…让我更高兴了。
6.As far as I know… 就我所知…
7.As far as I can recall, S + V… 就我印象所及…
常用于延展的字句-「承」
1.Indeed;It is true that + S + V…;Quite true;Rightly so, 的确…
2.To be honest, Frankly speaking;事实上
3.It is widely believed that + S + V…;Belief has it that + S + V… 诚如所信
4.For example;For instance;To take + N+ for an example, S + V… 以…为例子…
5.We have reasons to believe that + S + V…..我们有理由相信…
6.In fact;As a matter of fact, S + V…..事实上…
7.Likewise, In a similar fashion, Similarly 同样地
8.In other words;To be specific;换句话说;详细地说
9.As mentioned from above, 如前所述
常用于语气转换的字句-「转」
1.However, Nevertheless, Granted that 然而…
2.Despite +N;Despite the fact that + S + V, … 尽管….3.On the other hand, S + V..… 另一方面…
4.On the contrary, On the opposite, In contrast 相反的是…
5.When compared to A, B + V, 与A相比, B….常用于结论的字句--「合」
1.From this point of view, S + V….从这观点来看…
2.In a word, S + V….总而言之…
3.To sum up, S + V;To conclude;In conclusion 总之…
4.If we can really put + N + into action, S + V…… 如果我们能付诸实行…
5.Last but not least, S + V….最后…
常用转折词
(1)因此;结果︰as a result, consequently, as a consequence, in consequence, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, on this ground, because of this
(2)顺序: first/firstly, in the first place, second/secondly, next, finally
(3)此外︰in addition, additionally, besides, furthermore, moreover, also, what's more
(4)然而︰however, nevertheless
(5)换言之︰that is, that is to say, namely, in other words, to put it differently
(6)同样地︰likewise, similarly, in the similar way
(7)相反地︰instead, on the contrary, by contrast, conversely
四、头尾呼应
1.首句及末句不能相互矛盾
2.末句不要重复首句
范例一
首句:You can learn many things from traveling that you cannot learn any other way.末句:I learned a lot more about Australia from that experience than a book or TV show could
have taught me.首句:For the class reunion, I have decided that we should have a beach party.末句:This reunion will be a way of fulfilling our promise to each other, as well as reminding ourselves of the value of our friendship.
第二篇:冰果英语介绍
《冰果英语》介绍
应惠兰---冰果英语总策划和主编,也是《新编大学英语》教材的主编。冰果英语的建立目的在于帮助大学生提高英语水平,自研发以来,得到了高校广大师生的关注和好评。冰果英语包含了《新编大学英语》的网络课件,并加以扩展。该教材入选国家“十五规划教材”、“十一五规划教材”、“国家精品教材”,在全国高等院校广泛使用,省内也有十几所有影响的高校(包括浙大、浙工大、工商大学、电子科大、浙江理工、浙江财院、中国计量等)都在用该教材。冰果英语根据中国学生学习英语的特点与困难,采用“以学生为中心的主题模式”旨在提高学生的英语应用能力。在技术上采用了语音识别和模式匹配软件,用于口语和翻译训练;采用了大规模数据挖掘技术以指导不断的内容开发;同时自主开发了机器评阅作文的软件,从2007年开始在浙大试用,从小规模的试用到四千人以上的规模操作。从任课教师反馈的意见来看,准确率达到95%以上,某些方面超过了人工批改的准确度(因为机器不感情用事,不知疲劳,坚守规则,批改速度快),并已经推广到杭州其他高校和高中试用,受到教师的好评。我们花了两年多时间开发的冰果词库,可以机器自动抽题组成词汇练习。我们的动态诊断学习系统,可以发现学生的困难并自动抽取同类的阅读、听力材料,帮助学生真正提高听、读能力。
公司依靠浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院的教授,以及中外人工智能专家队伍,依据先进的语言教学理论,多年的科研成果,先进的计算机网络教育技术、国际领先的大规模数据挖掘技术,经过多年自主研发,推出的个性化智能化互动网络英语学习系统 ── 冰果英语。
冰果英语首创了个性化教学的智能化、多层次、联想式的自主学习系统,设有初中、高中、大学、研究生等各层次丰富的自主开发的语言材料。对于英语学习听、说、读、写、译等技能的智能训练,冰果英语均实现了关键性突破,如人机对话,翻译、写作的自动评阅,口语情景互动对话、听力和阅读的智能诊断等,从而使网上学习更灵活、更有效、更有趣、更快捷。
冰果英语针对各类考试,如浙江省三级,大学英语四、六级,考研,高考,全国英语等级考试,托业等, 推出了考试备考模块, 包含模拟题, 历年真题, 单项训练等多种题型, 并详细记录每次练习的状况, 提供动态成绩分析报告和备考建议,使学习者清楚自己的长处和弱点有针对性地学习。
-冰果英语 浙江省高校毕业生就业指导服务中心强力推荐权威英语在线培训
-冰果英语强强联合o 浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院
o 外语教学与研究出版社
-最权威的专家团队
o 全国英语教学理论与教学法专家、语言测试专家
o 《新编大学英语》主编应惠兰教授及编写团队,包括美国专家Maxine & Don Huffman教授。该教材入选国家“十五规划教材”、“十一五规划教材”、“国家精品教材”,在全国高等院校广泛使
用。
冰果英语()最值得您信赖的权威
冰果英语 五大优势
-让你打下英语的坚实基础
o 浙江大学十多位教授精心编撰,10000余常用词汇,配权威双解义项词义和例句,内容丰富,超越了任何一本原版词典。
o 独创的多义词、词汇搭配等高级词汇练习,帮助你深层次地掌握重要词汇。
o 个性化的词汇本,随时跟踪你的弱点词汇,有效巩固复习提高。
2、动态诊断 让你更聪明地学习
o 专家独创的动态诊断练习,对症下药,阅读听力迅速提高。
o 强大的后台数据分析,随时根据当前学习状态,给出评语和指导, 动态生成后续学习内容, 使每个人都拥有量身定制,独一无二的冰果英语!
3、智能口语 让你自信地开口说英语
o 采用国际最前沿的,口语跟读,智能情景
对话,口译等多形式练习,创造逼真口语训练环境。
o 纯正的发音,地道的表达,实用的情景,如同拥有外教陪练天天在你身边。
4、作文智能评阅 让你重新产生写作的动力
o 美国人工智能专家研发的国内首创测试中,准确率高达95%以上。
o 即时作文评分,并从词汇、语法、文风、内容等方面给出反馈。你再也不用苦于作文写了也没专家来看。
5、权威考试模拟 让你轻松考出好成绩
o 全国著名测试专家精心撰写备考内容,涵盖大学英语四六级,浙江省三级,全国英语公共等级考试,托业,以及考研英语等各项考试。真
题详解,权威模拟,专项强化训练,一应俱全。
o 动态成绩分析报告和备考建议,最科学地安排备考时间。
听听冰果英语的用户是怎么说的“我对英语的兴趣又发芽了。我经常测试自己的词汇量,随时了解自己的英语水平。”
“冰果英语上的英语练习形式多样,方便快捷。我的词汇量和听力大大提高了,考四级很轻松。”
“听力练习对我的帮助最大。以前嫌放录音麻烦,总是懒得练听力。冰果英语很方便,还有个性化的辅导。”
还等什么呢?马上登陆冰果英语吧!
第三篇:冰果英语
《冰果英语》试用发布信息
开通单位: 徐汇区图书馆
试用时间:2012.6.13--9.13
冰果英语系统涵盖英语学习的所有语言能力听、说、读、写、译、及词汇,从中学到大学到研究生到出国留学等不同的英语水平等级,按照14个不同的语义主题来划分,功能模块上又分为能力提高,考试备考,轻松娱乐等等。冰果英语系统的后台语言资源库是浙江大学多名知名英语教授带领的团队开发的,光词库一项就包含万余词条,不仅包括最权威的中英释义,还有冰果英语专家独创的多种词汇训练资源,可以经计算机自动生成满足不同需求的词汇训练。冰果英语源于创业团队中两大优势的紧密结合:四十余年中国英语教学的实践经验,和国际领先的人工智能网络技术。
冰果英语 五大优势
1、强大词库让你打下英语的坚实基础
o 浙江大学十多位教授精心编撰,10000余常用词汇,配权威双解义项词义和例句,内容丰富,超越了任何一本原版词典。
o 独创的多义词、词汇搭配等高级词汇练习,帮助你深层次地掌握重要词汇。
o 个性化的词汇本,随时跟踪你的弱点词汇,有效巩固复习提高。-
2、动态诊断 让你更聪明地学习
o 专家独创的动态诊断练习,对症下药,阅读听力迅速提高。o 强大的后台数据分析,随时根据当前学习状态,给出评语和指导, 动态生成后续学习内容, 使每个人都拥有量身定制,独一无二的冰果英语!
3、智能口语 让你自信地开口说英语
o 采用国际最前沿的语音识别、模式识别技术,口语跟读,智能情景对话,口译等多形式练习,创造逼真口语训练环境。
4、作文智能评阅 让你重新产生写作的动力
o 美国人工智能专家研发的国内首创智能作文评阅系统,在多次大型测试中,准确率高达95%以上。
o 即时作文评分,并从词汇、语法、文风、内容等方面给出反馈。你再也不用苦于作文写了也没专家来看。
5、权威考试模拟 让你轻松考出好成绩
o 全国著名测试专家精心撰写备考内容,涵盖大学英语四六级,浙江
省三级,全国英语公共等级考试以及考研英语等各项考试。真题详解,权威模拟,专项强化训练,一应俱全。
o 动态成绩分析报告和备考建议,最科学地安排备考时间。
备注:(1)试用网址:
小学版:http://kids.bingoenglish.com/kids/html/
(2)用户登录方式:IP绑定登录
技术支持:
***,021-54998196-810(王晶晶)
第四篇:英语冰果作文
标题:9532Money and Happiness
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Money
Directions: and Happiness.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the
outline(given in Chinese)below: 1,钱的好处 2,钱的弊端 3,你认为有钱能买到快乐
吗?
字数要求:
备注信息:
有效时间: 110本次作文计入平时成绩,请认真完成,对比网上抄袭者算零分处理。此外,同学们可以参考课本上第292页上的讨论4,5.也可以参考第296页上的一些俗语。加油 2011年05月23日00时00分 至2011年05月30日23时59分
Can money buy happiness? Various people may have various answers.Some people think that money is the source of happiness.With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys and do whatever he likes.So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on.Money, as they think, is the source of happiness.On the contrary, there are still a lot of opponents who think that money is the root of all evil.Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law.A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money.I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do anything without money.We can not get away from money unless we are far away from our society.But even though money is necessary to life, it can’t buy happiness.Happiness is not something that can be measured by money.It is a state of mind.One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, but
at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems.Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.http://hangzhou.19lou.com/
第五篇:六级写作技巧
一、审题立意
大学英语六级作文的题型一般是标题作文、主题句作文或情景、图表作文等等,去年六级作文考试有书信和记叙文,但基本都属于命题作文范畴。对于命题作文,审题立意是写好作文至关重要的一步。所谓审题,就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想和主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料。也就是通过分析作文题给出的标题、主题旬或情景,找出关键词或中心词,明确写作要求,是写哪方面的内容,既包括题材上的要求,也包括体裁上的要求。如果不审题就随便下笔,想一句写一句,内容离题,即使再好的再华丽的再精心构思的词句表达也无济于事。另一方面,六级写作的目的是测试学生用英语书面表达思想的初步能力,并不是测试你母语创作能力,而且为了便于作文评卷有一尽量统一的标准,出题方式无论怎样变化,六级作文都可以归纳为三段式,有的甚至给出三段的段首句。其目的就是让学生们在统一主题下的写作要点、思维和方式尽可能地同一化和统一化。鉴于此,我们应清楚六级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。在构思段落之前一定要仔细斟酌标题、主题句和段首字,找出关键词从而确定写作的方向和范围,而且还应记住要尽量缩小这个范围,不能脱离要求任意展开,那样属于跑题。星火教育网
二、段落构思
文章的段落,是文章的基本组成部分,一篇好的文章需要精心的段落构思和合理的段落安排,根据不同的题材确定不同的段落写作顺序。六级作文从结构上看,一般由三部分组成:引言部分(introductory part;展开部分(bodypart);结尾部分(ending part),而且每段往往只有一个主题,段中各支持句围绕明确的主题,层层展开论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进,环环相扣,条理分明,完整统一。下面进一步说明每一部分的具体写作技巧与要求:
首先,引言部分introductory part
文章开头很重要,关系到全篇文章,一定要认真考虑好如何写好第一句。一般紧扣主题,开门见山,直接入题。如果已给出段首句,则要考虑如何跟开头连接好。在实际写作中,主要有以下几种开头方式。
定义法。即用一句话或几句话来解放说明题中的关键词,给出关键词的定义。多用于给出一简单题目的标题作文。直接切入主题。也就是直截了当地揭示文章的主题或写作原由,如已给出每一段的中文提示,可直接翻译提示中每一段的中心思想,作为开头。星火教育网
提问法。用疑问句或设问句开头,紧接着提出自己对这个问题的看法或直接点明主题,这种方法如果使用得当,能够激起读者往下读的兴趣,以便找出答案。以故事背景开头,交待时间、地点、人物及背景,然后在这个背景下引出正文。这种方法多用于记叙文,使读者一开始就产生鲜明视觉形象。引用法。即引用名人名言或谚语等作为文章的开头,指出阅读的内容范围。
其次,主题部分body part
篇章写作不仅应层次清楚,而且主次也要分明i任何文章都有主体部分,即文章的精华部分。学生在这部分的写作错误五花八门,或者段落内容缺乏统一性,或者句与句之间缺少连贯性,层次混乱,信息的表达经常是跳跃式的想到什么写什么,内容空洞,言之无物,缺乏严密的逻辑性。针对这些错误,写主体段应注意以下几点要求。要紧扣开头段提出的主题思想,突出中心。围绕主题句用一组意思连贯而且完整的句子展开文章,切记各展开句是能起到说明、支持或阐述主题的句子并服务于主题,全文保持统一性,也就是我们通常所说的“切题”。主体段取材必须精练典型,系统而完整。根据内容需要和字数的规定,确定要点的详与略后,选择正确的、典型的、具有说服力的事实、例子、数据和论据等说明解释并扩充主题。主体段要与开头段和结尾段有内在的必然归宿,要顺其自然地过渡,使用好承上启下的连接词或句子,防止突然转折。另外,主体段的句与句之间也要逐步展开,通顺连贯,符合一定的逻辑关系。星火教育网
最后,结尾部分ending part
文章如何结尾关系到写作的成败。好的结尾不仅在形式上起到面龙点睛的效果,而且在内容上读者明其宗旨,解其寓意。一般结尾段的写法有以下几种;总结式,即在上文所述事实和论据的基础上,对全文进行归纳、总结得出结论,使读者对文章的主题或作者的观点有个更完整而清晰的理解。首尾呼应式,即对引言段所提出的同题给出解决方案,作到首尾呼应,主题突出,结构匀称,使读者对提出的问题有了明确的答案。提问式,这种结尾形式可以引起读者的思考。并起到强调主题的作用。展望式,也就是要提出作者的希望、号召或表示信心和决-c-,使读者受鼓舞。引语式,引用名人名言,谚语俗语做文章的结尾,使文章更具说服力
三、语言表达
六级作文评分的原则之一就是要从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体,作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。因此这项测试不仅考察学生所学的英语语言知识,更是考察学生综合运用所学语言知识来正确地表达思想。许多学生词汇、句型知道的确实不少,但却不能熟练自如地运用到写作中,特别是让其在规定的时间里写出一篇象样的文章,不是难以行笔,就是落笔错误百出。分析其原因主要体现在以下三个方面:
(一)词法层次
英语词汇一词多义和同义词现象非常普遍,外延相同而内涵不同的词数量很多。许多学生只知其表面意思,不了解词语的深层的文化以及感情色彩等,出现用词不当的错误。
(二)句法层次
句子中语法错误太多,包括时态、语态、语气以及主谓一致等,如果这些成份的一致关系弄错会使句子逻辑混乱,意义含糊不清。
(三)语言的连贯性
文字连贯,语言流畅是写好作文的基本要求,会给人以美的享受。而内容充实,意思完整是文章连贯流畅的基础,达到这一目标要求学生有较强的语感和语言功底,需要一个长期积累和大量实践的过程。通过对以上写作方法与技巧的探讨,我们不仅了解到其重要性,更应付诸实践。尤其是教师在实际教学中,要加强学生的语言基本功的训练,将阅读教学与写作培养相结合。因为写作是一种语言的输出,阅读是一种输入,只有大量的输入才会有输出。同时也要强调写作技能的训练和实践,采用多种方法调动学生的写作积极性。