第一篇：怎样紧紧把握即兴演讲的思路
进行即兴演讲需要多方面的知识素养，又需要敏捷的思维能力，快速的语言表达能力和应变能力。
一、恰当的准备技巧
1、知识素养准备：
演讲者的知识积累、兴趣爱好、阅历修养与演讲的成功有着紧密的关系。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，许多演讲者感到演讲的最大困难在于没有演讲材料。这就要求我们平时做有心人，“家事、国事、天下事、事事关心”，广泛地阅读、收集、积累材料，上下、古今、中外的人文科学、自然科学都要学习，同时加强自我的思想、道德、情感等各方面的修养。这是一个长期、琐碎而复杂的工作。重点从以下几方面入手：
①多收集历史资料，对那些重要的历史事件、人物的有关情况要熟记，并分门别类地进行整理；
②多收集现实资料，对当今国内外发生的重大的政治、经济、文化、科技等各个领域的事件、人物的有关情况要了如指掌，进行思考；
③加强记忆，多记名人名言、俗语谚语、古典诗词、经典文学、寓言故事、时文政评等等。
练习：请分别以“珍惜时间”、“奉献青春”、“珍爱生命”、“和平万岁”为主题，收集名人名言、故事、古今中外的人物、典型事例。
请收集有关亲情、爱情、友情的古今诗词各5首并背诵。
2、临场观察准备：
演讲者要尽快观察、熟悉演讲现场，及时收集捕捉现场的所见所闻，包括现场环境（时间、地点、场景布置）、听众、其他演讲者的演讲等，以确定自己的话题，增加演讲的即兴因素。
3、心理素质准备：
既然是有感而发，就要有稳定的情绪，有十足的信心，有必胜的信念，这样才能保证思路通畅，言之有物，情绪饱满，镇定从容。
二、快速思维的技巧
临场性决定了即兴演讲者必须具有较强的快速思维能力。快速思维即快速组织内部语言，实际上就是一个快速创作、打腹稿的过程。其技巧主要表现为：三定、四思、五借。
三“定”：定话题、定观点、定框架
定话题——应选择你想说的、观众想听的、你能讲的、社会生活需要的话题；
定观点——应确立明确精练、正确深刻、为大家所能接受的、言之有理的观点；
定框架——两种模式：
开门见山式：也叫金字塔式。方法为：先亮出主题，然后对主题作较详细地论证和分析说明。
曲径通幽式：也称为卡耐基的“魔术公式”。方法为：先举例，再叙主旨要点，三说理由，进行论证分析。
四“思”：逆向思维、纵深思维、发散思维、综合思维
逆向思维：是指从相反方向思考问题，即一反传统看法，提出与之相对或相反的观点。这是一种反弹琵琶式的思维模式，它鲜明地表现为对传统的批判精神，但要注意观点必须持之有据，能够自圆其说。
纵深思维：从一般人认为不值一谈的小事，或无须作进一步探讨的定论中，发现更深一层的被现象掩盖着的事物本质。即“透过现象看本质”。
发散思维：是从同一问题中产生各种各样的为数众多的答案，在处理问题中寻找多种多样的正确途径。多端、灵活、精细、新颖是它的特点。
综合思维训练：是前面三种思维的综合运用，事实上我们在思考问题时，一般情况都是将各种思维综合在一起使用的。
五借：借题发挥、借人发挥、借物发挥、借事发挥、借景发挥。“借”的东西很多，“五借”是泛指。它要求演讲者要善于观察现场，获取信息。
快速思维的线路图：观察——抓话题——定语点——扩展语点（组织语言）——语序的排列——表达。
练习:给出一些图片,仔细观察后做即兴演讲,认真体会快速思维的过程.三、表达技巧（四种技能、五个注重）
四种表达技能：
1、散点连缀：在即兴演讲前紧张的选材构思时，人的头脑中会出现很多散乱的思维点，演讲时要捕捉住这些思维点，从这些点的关系中确定一个中心，并用它连缀这些点，与主题无关的全部舍去，当表达网络形成后，就可以开始讲话了。
2、模式构思：用我们前面所讲的两种模式作框架，使自己的表达有条理。
3、扩句成篇：即开门见山的构思方法。但也要将思维的路线理清，注意逻辑明晰。
例如：句子“当前的形势需要徐洪刚那样的英雄人物”扩展后可以是这样的：
当前的形势需要徐洪刚那样的英雄人物，需要大力提倡革命英雄主义。改革开放是前无古人的事业，有困难，有曲折，也有风险，没有超人的勇气是进行不下去的。同大自然的斗争也不会一帆风顺，在自然中有许多我们未知的东西，凶恶难料，有险阻、有困难，因而也就有流血、有牺牲。例如，外空探险，可能有去无回；海底探秘，可能葬身鱼腹；开山放炮、地下采煤、高空作业、科学实验、机械操作等，无不带有一定的危险，没有革命英雄主义，没有勇于献身的精神，是根本做不好的。更何况改革开放，难免会泥沙俱下，造成某些腐朽的东西有所抬头，国内外邪恶势力和敌对势力正在虎视眈眈伺机而动，这样就更需要我们像徐洪刚那样敢于在关键时刻挺身而出，随时准备为保卫改革开放的成果而英勇献身。所以在改革开放形势下，在向四化进军的征程中，不是不需要革命英雄主义，不是不需要徐洪刚那样的英雄人物，而是更加急需；不是没有表现的机会，而是提供了更广阔的天地。
练习：请以“人生处处是考场”为题扩句进行演讲。
4、借ⅹ发挥。即前面讲的“五借”。“借”了之后要扩充成句成篇。
五注重：
1、注重开头，引人入胜；注重结尾，耐人寻味；
2、注重内容，言之有物，机敏幽默，蕴含深刻；
3、注重语言形式，以口语短句为主，巧用比喻、排比、设问、反问、引用、反复等修辞手法；注意过渡词、句、段的使用，加强衔接；防止语言陋习，不用粗话、碎屑语和方言。
4、注重语调有激情，把握好语调的抑扬起伏；
5、注重演讲者的形象，防止不良陋习。
第二篇：怎样紧紧把握即兴演讲的思路
怎样紧紧把握即兴演讲的思路
进行即兴演讲需要多方面的知识素养，又需要敏捷的思维能力，快速的语言表达能力和应变能力。
一、恰当的准备技巧
1、知识素养准备：
演讲者的知识积累、兴趣爱好、阅历修养与演讲的成功有着紧密的关系。“巧妇难为无米之炊”，许多演讲者感到演讲的最大困难在于没有演讲材料。这就要求我们平时做有心人，“家事、国事、天下事、事事关心”，广泛地阅读、收集、积累材料，上下、古今、中外的人文科学、自然科学都要学习，同时加强自我的思想、道德、情感等各方面的修养。这是一个长期、琐碎而复杂的工作。重点从以下几方面入手：
①多收集历史资料，对那些重要的历史事件、人物的有关情况要熟记，并分门别类地进行整理；
②多收集现实资料，对当今国内外发生的重大的政治、经济、文化、科技等各个领域的事件、人物的有关情况要了如指掌，进行思考；
③加强记忆，多记名人名言、俗语谚语、古典诗词、经典文学、寓言故事、时文政评等等。
练习：请分别以“珍惜时间”、“奉献青春”、“珍爱生命”、“和平万岁”为主海量资料分享
题，收集名人名言、故事、古今中外的人物、典型事例。
请收集有关亲情、爱情、友情的古今诗词各5首并背诵。
2、临场观察准备：
演讲者要尽快观察、熟悉演讲现场，及时收集捕捉现场的所见所闻，包括现场环境（时间、地点、场景布置）、听众、其他演讲者的演讲等，以确定自己的话题，增加演讲的即兴因素。
3、心理素质准备：
既然是有感而发，就要有稳定的情绪，有十足的信心，有必胜的信念，这样才能保证思路通畅，言之有物，情绪饱满，镇定从容。
二、快速思维的技巧
临场性决定了即兴演讲者必须具有较强的快速思维能力。快速思维即快速组织内部语言，实际上就是一个快速创作、打腹稿的过程。其技巧主要表现为：三定、四思、五借。
三“定”：定话题、定观点、定框架
定话题——应选择你想说的、观众想听的、你能讲的、社会生活需要的话题；
定观点——应确立明确精练、正确深刻、为大家所能接受的、言之有理的观点；
海量资料分享
定框架——两种模式：
开门见山式：也叫金字塔式。方法为：先亮出主题，然后对主题作较详细地论证和分析说明。
曲径通幽式：也称为卡耐基的“魔术公式”。方法为：先举例，再叙主旨要点，三说理由，进行论证分析。
四“思”：逆向思维、纵深思维、发散思维、综合思维
逆向思维：是指从相反方向思考问题，即一反传统看法，提出与之相对或相反的观点。这是一种反弹琵琶式的思维模式，它鲜明地表现为对传统的批判精神，但要注意观点必须持之有据，能够自圆其说。
纵深思维：从一般人认为不值一谈的小事，或无须作进一步探讨的定论中，发现更深一层的被现象掩盖着的事物本质。即“透过现象看本质”。
发散思维：是从同一问题中产生各种各样的为数众多的答案，在处理问题中寻找多种多样的正确途径。多端、灵活、精细、新颖是它的特点。
综合思维训练：是前面三种思维的综合运用，事实上我们在思考问题时，一般情况都是将各种思维综合在一起使用的。
海量资料分享
第三篇：即兴演讲准备思路、题目及
即兴演讲准备思路及模板
一、准备思路
（一）准备纸和笔
放松心情，快速写下提纲，包括提纲中重要的点，并且记住提纲内容和观点出现的先后顺序。提纲是成功演讲的要素。通过撰写提纲，演讲中的相关要点得以布局合理，承接顺畅，结构连贯。在讲稿提纲中，你应该写明演讲的具体目标和中心思想；标明开头、主体部分和结尾；用完整的句子表述要点和分论点；标明过渡语、内部总结和内部提示；并且要在整个讲稿提纲中使用统一的标记符号体系和首行缩进格式。
（二）写出开头和结尾，因为这是相当重要的部分，要熟记，然后围绕提纲在大脑里面进行详细阐述。
（三）最好能通过故事或者笑话让演讲变得幽默、风趣。
（四）注意语言语调，尽最大努力调动现场气氛，控制场面。
（五）结尾的首要目的是让听众知道演讲将要结束，可以通过语句或表达方式来告知听众。其次是进一步强调中心思想，可使用总结全文、以引言结尾、语出惊人以及首尾呼应等四种方法。结尾要富有创意，生动而有感染力。结尾说完了，可以说Thank you for your time!
一、历年题目
1.Is the government entitled to sell the rights to Place Names? 2.Is the ban on Internet Cafes an example of Lazy Governance? 3.Is the dragon a suitable symbol for China 4.Should media be fined for reporting on disasters without government approval? 5.Will banning free plastic bags reduce pollution? 6.Should the car-free day be compulsory? 7.Should new graduates low their job expectations? 8.A lot of countries have schools that focus only on the males or females.What are the advantages and disadvantages of unisex schools? 9.A great number of people think that those with a university education should get a higher salary than those without, for they believe that the former have sweated and sacrificed more.To what extent do you agree with this point of view? 10.Some people think that high school students should be given the right to evaluate and even criticize their teachers while others claim that this practice will disrupt the order in classroom and lead to disrespect for teachers.What’s your opinion? 11.You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be shared by two students.Would you rather choose your own roommate or would you rather have the university assign a student to share the room with you? 12.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? university should give the same amount of money to their students’ sports activities as they give to their university libraries.13.In many developing nations, young children start to study a foreign language at an increasingly early age and bilingual education exists in many primary and secondary schools as a way of attracting students.Therefore, some people claim that foreign language instruction should begin in the kindergartens.What is your opinion? 14.“When people succeed, it is because of hard work.Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree with the quotation above? 15.With computers, now people can shop, bank, work and communicate at home.The danger is that people could become isolated from each other and lose social skills.What do you think of it? 16.Statistics show that cities are becoming bigger and bigger.What do you think are the causes and possible consequences? 17.Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think, other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain, which type of movie do you prefer? 18.What do you want most in a friend----someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characters is most important to you? 19.As a college student, what can you do to protect our environment? 20.Do you think music and arts should be compulsory courses in college? 21.As you know, modern people are becoming busier than before and many of them have health problems just because they don’t have time to do physical exercise.What do you think will be a best solution?
三、模板
总的原则：如果题目里面的话可以借用，就先借用题目，以增加说话的时间。
（一）问句型（1-7）
可参照
（四）表达自己观点型
（二）利弊分析（8）
It is undeniable that the specific issue of sth./ 或接whether 从句 has become controversial.However, in spite of those who believe that sth.have more negative/positive effects, I hold opposite attitude.The drawbacks of sth are obvious.Some people are really concerned about … They hold that …(请解释)。Other feel upset at …(另外一个弊端), which will damage …/endager ….It is often the case that …(此处总结上段提出的两个弊端)。But when it comes to …, …, and …,(此处先总结写你认同的几个好处)，an increasing number of people including me are convinced that …...For one thing, …。The evidence recently presented in research journals available to the public confirms that … 写调查结果，通过数字来证明自己所列举的好处1.Besides。。(另外一个好处).In other words, …(换种说法解释)。This is another aspect of how sth benefits us.All in all, sth has played a significant role in … It has both upsides and downsides.But it is my firm belief that its disadvantages/advantages of … outweigh the advantages/disadvantages.（三）同意与否型（9、12、14）
There is no denying that the specific issue of sth./ 或接whether 从句 has become controversial.However, in spite of those who are against/ for …, I approve wholeheartedly of/ 或 I strongly object to the idea that …
Those who hold negative/ positive attitude towards … believe that … may exert adverse/ significant effect on us.… is always top of the list of their argument.For example,…(请用举例子的方法解释).Besides, those critics/ advocates also claim that …(此处写第二个原因)for the reason that ….It is often the case that …(此处总结上段反方提出的几个观点)。But when it comes to …, …, and …,(此处先总结写你所支持的几个理由)，an increasing number of people including me are convinced that...For one thing, …。The evidence recently presented in research journals available to the public confirms that …此处写调查结果，通过数字来证明自己所列举的理由1。Similarly,… should also deserve our special attention.In other words, …(换种说法解释)。If…not,..(反过来在说一遍)。Last but not least, …
Obviously, it is hard for both sides to come to an agreement on this complicated issue, but I still commit to the notion that …(再重申你的立场)。
（四）表达自己观点型（10、13、15、20）
The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style.In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books.So it is sagacious to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The main reason for my propensity for__________is that____________.Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________.Futhermore,______________.In short,_________________复述前文中的理由______________.（五）选择型（11、17、18）
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, wefind that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from mypoint of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B.My arguments for thispoint are listed as follows.The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进
行解释___________________For example,____________________ The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious.Such as________________.In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious tosupport the statement that it is better to A.（六）分析原因、结果型（16）
There is no doubt that the specific issue of sth./ 或接whether 从句 has become a pressing one, not only to the government, but also to individuals.From my point of view, this may attribute to the following contributing factors./ this surely has produced some serious problems below.One possible reason is concerned with … It is well-known that …(对该原因进行解释)。
Besides, … also attributes partly to sth.Another thing that deserves our special attention is …
(Apparently, if no action is taken, some serious problems would be aroused.)For example, …
Moreover, another problem I should point out lies in the fact that … Last but not least, …
As far as the thorny issue is concerned, several effective measures should be put into practice as soon as possible.In the first place......this sensible way has achieved some effectiveness in some areas.Moreover, …
To sum up, the reasons/ problems of … provided above are a few of the many but are worth our special attention.It is certain that only the government and the authorities concerned join hands in solving this pressing matter can the situation be improved greatly in the near future
（七）采取措施、解决问题型（19、21）
With the development of the society, with the advent of _____________(相关事物或现象), we have to face a problem that ______________________(主题问题).What are the reasons for it? In the following paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons.To start with, _____________________(阐述原因
1).Moreover, __________________(阐述原因2).In addition, _______________________(阐述原因3).In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken.For one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the importance of __________________(解决主题问题).For another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
第四篇：【演讲比赛】怎样做好即兴演讲
怎样做好即兴演讲
即兴演讲需要技巧开路。如果能很好运用即兴演讲的技巧，就会取得事半功倍的效果.即兴演讲的一个最大难题就是在短时间内准备好演讲内容。准备的时间短促，往往导致选手心理紧张，即使一个才思敏捷的人，这时也时常会发生思维短路的情况。
如何在短时间内准备好一篇较高质量的演讲稿呢？ 技巧之一：演讲稿框架——三段式
我认为，即兴演讲的内容是可以按照一定的框架模式来准备的，如此，在拟定演讲稿时，就会从容不迫。我把即兴演讲的框架模式总结为三段式，即三大部分：
第一部分：揭题。简单地对演讲题目内涵作出解释，或对其意义作用进行阐述。揭题要简洁明了，旗帜鲜明地亮出演讲的主题和观点。
第二部分：案例+观点。根据演讲的时间要求，用典型事例论证自己的主题和观点。第三部分：呼应。即演讲的结尾，或发出倡议，或表示决心，或展望未来，再次呼应第一部分的主题。
此三段式，虽然僵化了一些，但在赛场上却是非常实用的。
按照三段式格式，写即兴演讲稿就象做填空题一样简单，可减少演讲者谋篇布局方面的时间。即兴演讲的准备过程中，分分秒秒都十分宝贵，将节约出来的时间用于实质内容的思考，语言的组织与推敲，就比别人多了一筹胜算。
当然，技巧只能是技巧，它必须以深厚的知识内涵为基础。所谓台上一分钟，台下十年功，没有深厚的知识、情感的积淀，技巧再熟练、再高超，也只能是空架子。因此，技巧只能是开路，真正的较量则是演讲者内涵的较量。
一、即兴演讲的概念
即兴演讲是指在事先没有充分准备的情况下，对眼前的人物、事件、场景、气氛有所感触，产生强烈的兴致或兴趣而主动或被迫地当场发表的演讲。
即兴演讲有两种情况，一种是虽然没有讲稿，但却有一定的思想准备；二是毫无思想准备，被迫讲话。
二、即兴演讲的特征
（一）临时性
即兴演讲无事先准备，临时即境生情，缘情而发具有很强的即时性，也就是说要求演讲者必须很好地把握时境，有的放矢，就听众最感兴趣的、最关心的问题，即席取材，或展开联想或借题发挥，在短短的几分钟的演讲中紧紧把握住听众，以达到演讲的目的。
（二）短暂性
即兴演讲事先没有充分准备时间，只能在演讲前几分钟内列个简要提纲或打个腹稿，不可能构思出内容复杂的宏篇巨论。另一方面即兴演讲如时间过长，因事先无充分准备，往往会出现漏洞。再者，时间过长与演讲场面的气氛也不谐调，会使听众产生厌烦心理，影响演讲效果。故即兴演讲要求短小精悍，演讲者应以敏捷的思维快速组合材料，不能象例命题演讲那样，要求内容结构的安排，语言风格的锤炼，动作表情的配套等面面俱到，而应力求集中精力突破一点，讲出新意。演讲应结构简练，主题单一，一气呵成，自始至终牢牢控制住听众，使演讲在短短几分钟内结束。
（三）触发性
即兴演讲是对当时的演讲场境有所感触，有感而发，因此触发性也是即兴演讲的一个特征。兴有所激，情有所感，有感而发，因此，即兴演讲往往带有强烈的感情色彩，此种感情来自于演讲者对演讲现场的感触，是真情实感，只有感深才能情切，只有激情在胸，一吐为快，才能在演讲中做到寓理于情，声情并茂，收到“快者掀髯，悲者掩泣，愤者扼腕，羡者色飞”的效果。如果说命题演讲侧重于晓之以理那么即兴演讲则侧重于动之以情。
三、即兴演讲的快速思维
（一）即兴演讲与思维的关系
即兴演讲的过程是一个由内部语言迅速转换成外部语言的过程。生成内部语言的过程就是一个思维过程。思维的工具是语言，思维的原料是语言信息。语言是思维的外壳，是思维活动的外化表现。语言与思维构成了一个密不可分的依存关系。但同时又产生了互为促进和制约的关系。思维品质的提高，有助于语言能力的发展；语言能力的提高，又促进思维品质的发展。思维低下又制约语言能力的发展；语言能力低下，同样制约思维的发展。科学统计表明，词汇量少的人往往智力低下。思维能力是衡量智力的一个主要标志。
即兴演讲的内在能力在于快速思维，即快速组织内部语言。尽管即兴演讲是突然发生，延续的时间也不很长，但是思维的过程却是复杂的。首先是感性阶段，即凭着视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉获得信息，信息刺激大脑，引起思维；第二，语义初步阶段。通过思维，判明情势。捕捉话题，产生说话的动机；第三，动机扩展，产生语言第四，调动储备的经验与知识，形成说话的基本赣意向网络；第五，编码形成系统的语序；第六，发声传播。在即兴演讲中有的可以全部完成，形成腹稿。有的只能部分完成，边想边讲。思维比话说更活跃，科学试验表明，思维比讲话至少快五倍以上。正因为如此，即兴演讲者常常是讲一句，想几句，甚至一个语段。在即兴演讲过程中，思维不仅要源源不断提供一句一句、一层一层、一段一段的完整编码，而且还要肩负两类反馈信息的处理。一是监听自己的有声语言和监视自己的无声语言，随时给予调整；二是听众对演讲所作出的各种反应也作为信息反馈过来。思维同样要对演讲作出相应的调整。总之思维贯穿在即兴演讲的全过程，它是突然开始，连绵不断地展开，演讲结束，思维方告一段落。从现象看，思维与演讲似乎是同步进行的，实际上它比演讲快得多，因而思维在即兴演讲中是极为快速，、极为紧张的。即兴演讲与命题演讲一个带根本性的区别也在这里，命题演讲的一系列思维活动在上台之前就基本完成，演讲中的思维主要是对现场信息反馈的处理、比起即兴演讲来，命题演讲的思维负荷轻松多了。即兴演讲比命演讲难，就难在这种快速思维上。
（二）快速思维的基本方法
语言，有语音、语法规律、修辞方法可研究，作为语言的内部运动，同样有运动规律可研究。尽管抽象，但毕竟有一个产生、发展和终结的过程。我们就按照这个过程，并参照它的外化形式——言语，来探讨即兴演讲的快速思维的方法问题。
1、激发思维的兴奋点
生活常识告诉我们，当处在兴奋状态中，人的思维最活跃。因此尽快 地进入兴奋状态，也许是即兴演讲成败的关键。
兴奋，是刺激的结果。它有两种，一种是物质刺激，产生兴奋，引起思维，但这种思维缺乏明确的指向，因而常常语无伦次或胡言乱语，如酗酒等。另外一种是精神刺激，即情感、理智、美感刺激，由此产生的兴奋，引发的思维，常常会沿着一定的方向有规律地延伸开去，即定向思维。一个即兴演讲者站起来以后，如果不立即找到这种刺激源，那么他的演讲就很难说有成功的把握了。
如何在一瞬间找到这种刺激源呢？也许以下的尝试是有益的。
（1）根据演讲的内容，从听众的情绪、会场气氛、场地布置、场外情景出发，寻找刺激源，引出要讲的话题。这就是即兴演讲寻找刺激的第一种方法，即情景激发。
（2）从别人的发言中寻找刺激源，引出要讲的话题，这是理智激发。
（3）从自己的亲身经历中。从自己的见闻中寻找刺激源，这是第三种方法即自我引发。
2、扩展语点
刺激产生兴奋，兴奋引发思维，即有了说欲。这时，到底应该讲什么，尚不清晰，只有某种意向。但内部语言也开始运动。运动初期，生成若干语言，语点扩展，才逐渐清晰，形成语序。即席演讲的、快速思维也表现在如何加速扩展语言。这里有几种方法值得一提。
（1）强化刺激，加强兴奋。这是在产生说欲的基础上继续强化刺激，强化兴奋。这种刺激的强化有两个方面；一方面是刺激源的本身；另一方面是听众的信息反馈。即席演讲大多是边想边讲。当初使兴奋的引发说欲的刺激源，本身很可能就成了开场的材料，这些材料经过内部语言和外部语言的加工，更加清晰，更加生动，更加感人。演讲者一旦进入“角色他所受的刺激会进一步加强，因而也更加兴奋，于是思维也随之更加活跃。与此同时，也相应地感染听众，听众的各种反应又作为信息反馈给演讲者，反馈的结果是使演讲者越来越兴奋，思维更加敏捷，而情态上越来越激动，甚至手之、舞之、足之、蹈之。
（2）控制情绪，控制兴奋。有经验的演讲家，是很注意控制自己的情绪的。当说欲一经形成，主要的不是依靠情绪来支撑演讲，而是以理智来激发思维，即由现象到本质，由原因而结果，由正及反，由此及彼，层层推论。这些关系，本身就是一定的思维模式，一经运用，思维的速度自然就快起来了。
（3）引发一点。触类旁通。站起来开始讲话，也许是结结巴巴，不知说什么好。可是，突然思维开阔，讲出一番精彩的话来。这种现象，不仅出现在即席演讲中，在课堂教学中，在平日的交谈中，就是写文章也会出现这种奇迹，真个是“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村“。这是因为开始思维尚未完全引起，后来突然被一句话、一件事、一个情景触发了，思维活跃起来了。尤其是当思维的联想被开启之后：讲到一点，立即又把相关的事物调动起来了。
戴尔 卡耐基在《口才训练妙诀》一书中，介绍过两种训练的方法，我们不妨一试；
一是连锁技巧游戏。第一人开头讲述故事，限定时间，下面的人依次接下去；二是从带有无规律几个词的字条中抽取一个，用很短的时间把它们连缀成一段合情合理的话。
（2001年中央电视台节目主持人大赛）
3、快速思维应注意的两点
一是不管快速思维从哪里引发，怎样扩展，都必须紧扣演讲的主旨。不可一当引发，便一泻而下，离题万里；同时还要注意主旨的积极性。二是尽可能做到“超前思维“，即在演讲之前，有所准备，有所思维。就是在平日，也要注意收集和整理演讲材料。遇事想一想，形成习惯，这对于活跃思维、提高快速思维能力是大有裨益的。
四、即兴演讲的技巧
（一）审题扣题
由于即兴演讲审题时间短，很容易犯偏离主题，不得要领，见解平庸的错误，这样就会使演讲牵强附会，言之无物，陷入困窘，因此即兴演讲扣题非常重要。演讲者应根据现场形势、主要议题等，从自己感受最深的方面出发，充分调动起头脑中贮存的信息，确定一个新颖独特的议论角度，据此提出一个紧扣实质、揭示要害的主题。例如从一则中专生过生日摆阔的消息中我们可这样来扣题“中专生应是知识的富有者“与物质的富有形成对比，从而确定褒贬的焦点。
（二）即席取材
即兴演讲除了调动头脑的贮存选取典型材料外，还应体现演讲的即席性，即注意现场情况，把眼前的人和事纳入到演讲中。如果能讲出听众的切身感受，易于被听众接受，演讲就有说服力。即席取材主要有以下三种情况：
1、借题发挥导入话题
即兴演讲的开场白可以利用此时此地的一些特殊事物，例如人名、地名、季节、天气、景物、气氛等引发联想导入主题，题会使听众觉得风趣、别致，显得生动活泼。
2、以现场的人和事为论据
例如现场听众的职业特点、现场名人的事迹等都是很典型的素材。
3、语重心长亲近听众
演讲过程中经常站在听众的立场讲话使听众成为自己的同盟军。例如闻一多的《最后一次演讲》都是以“我们”为人称来讲话，“我们”是指“到会的一千多青年”，与“你们”——卑鄙的反动派、现场的特务们形成对立，使听众自然地站在了演讲者一边。
（三）结构简单
即兴演讲不宜篇幅过长，一般人在很短的时间也不可能构思出内容复杂的宏篇巨论。因此即兴演讲宜简短精练，结构简单，一般为单线条式的结构，或横向的以事物的几个方面为纲、或纵向的以事物的发展过程为目，按逻辑思维的顺序、情感触发的线索为依据来、组合材料，这样比较利于快速打好腹稿。演讲时只要列出几条突出的纲目甚至几个重点词语用以提示思维、控制思路，就可以完成一篇条理清晰、主题突出的演讲了。
（四）言简意赅
由于现场客观条件的限制，听众要求即席演讲要时间短、内容精、思想深、内涵丰，这就要求演讲语言要准确精练不能说废话，不要过分铺张，在通俗流畅的基础上讲究语言的艺术表现力，做到言简意赅、讲解透彻。
第五篇：英语三分钟即兴演讲题目和参考思路
1.Should parents set limits in internet access for their teenage children? Why? Internet is dangerous if a child has unlimited freedom to use it.Because teenagers are too weak to resist the great tempt.Various online games will cost their almost all-day time.And many kinds of online movies may teach them unhealthy content such as violence.Also, long-time exposure to computer will do great harm to teenager’s eyesight.A child addicted to Internet will neglect his study completely.However, the word limit does not mean forbidding.It can’t be denied that internet is a very useful tool for learning.In this information age, computer and internet is essential.Adequate access to internet will contribute to teenagers keeping pace with this world.Also, internet is a fine entertainment for students who have study longtime and get tired.So, I think parents should set limits on but not forbid access for their teenager children.2.Should smoking be prohibited completely in all countries? Why? Well, it’s a quite complex question.Overall, in my opinion, I think smoking shouldn’t be completely prohibited in all countries.Let me explain my views.We all know clearly that smoking is very harmful to the smoker’s health.Longtime smoking can lead to lung cancer and other serious health problem.Also, smoking in public situation is awful.People around the smoker, especially the children, also suffer from the damage to their health.In spite of all these bad effects mentioned above, however, I still think smoking is indeed needed in our society.For example, when people get tired or anxious, a cigarette can help to release their body as well as spirit.Also, in some social intercourse, cigarette is a essential.In my eyes, I can’t imagine what people’s life will become if smoking is completely prohibited.There may be many benefits for individuals, but the social will suffer a lot.So, I think smoking should not be prohibited.It is individual’s effort to make smoking a useful thing.3.Agree or disagree: There is nothing that young people could teach old people.In ancient times, young people should never teach old people.Old people know much more than young because they have undergone many things in their life.They lead us to the right way.Sometimes, it’s regarded impolite for young to teach old.But that does not mean young people really have nothing to teach old people, especially in this high-developed times.Young people usually learn things fast and learn more.They always have a smart head for new things.Therefore, young people can teach the olds how to use computer and cellphone, how to dance and so on.Also, I think old people can learn younger’s passion and energetic for life.That will be a good thing.4.Should pets be allowed in university dormitories? In my opinion, by no means should pets be allowed in dormitories.To be honest, I’ve been thinking in my mind to have a pet in my dorm.Lovely pets will bring much joy to our daily life.But I eventually didn’t do that.Why? Because it is something selfish and irresponsible.Dormitory is a place where several people live together.To a certain degree, it is a public place.We can’t just comply with our own desire while ignore other roommates’ feeling.Having a pet in dorm can be troublesome or even annoying.It may make the room dirty and even in a mess.What’s worse, some people are allergic to certain animals.Also, people’s rest can’t be guaranteed.Some people may say that we could choose a mild and little pet such as fishes.In this case, if your roommates don’t reject, I think it is acceptable.5.Agree or disagree: Museums should be made free.In my eyes, museums of course should be made free.We know that, as a part of culture, museums restore many culture relics.These are typical symbols for a certain times.As a citizen of our country, it is necessary and natural to learn our past history.Recent years, more and more museums are open free to the public.I couldn’t agree more with it.Free museum will greatly motivate all kinds of people to approach.What’s more, in this fast developing age, museums have many new and advanced invents inside.It will be a wonderful place for people who want to learn more.Parents can often take their children to museums to learn about history and some technical knowledge.In a word, I think government should try to make more museums free for citizens.6.Agree or disagree: Zoos should be banned.Nowadays, lots of people start to realize that zoos are not a good place for animals.People need zoos because it is an easy way to close the animals and also because it’s convenient for people to observe them.However, zoos are in fact a cruel place for animals.Animals should live in their natural habitat.An animal’s natural instinct is to run and to hunt.But that’s not for animals kept in zoos.Everyday, people feed them.They’ve never been taught how to hunt for food and will gradually lose their natures.That will be quite cruel for a animal, especially for wild animals such as tigers and lions.You can often find in zoos that a tiger kept in cage has a loose expression in its face.We set animals in zoos and therefore feel that they won’t meet danger and may be able to protect them from dying out.This may be just a excuse we find for ourselves to make animals in cages just as entertainment.We always say animals are our friends, then why we put our friends in cages?
7.Agree or disagree: Advertising aiming at children should be restricted.I disagree.It’s fair to advertize to children even children are always said to be unable to distinguish between reality and fiction, between entertainment and advertising.A supposed consequence of advertising is that children are being persuaded to demand things that they don’t need and to adopt consumerist values and attitudes in their formative years.However, it’s up to the parents to determine what should and shouldn’t be bought for their children.Children need to know how to see these ads and realize how a certain product would affect them and thus balance out the pros and cons and see if it’s in their best interest.In my opinion, the parents as well as the world need to stop babying children and let them learn lessons for life, because certain things can’t be restricted well.Temptation is always at children’s side.They have to learn to resist and make responsible decisions.8.Agree or disagree: Junk food should be taxed.I agree that junk food should be taxed.In modern society, many people are attracted to eat in KFC or MacDonald’s.Everyday, many hamburgers, fried chips and so on are sold out.Despite the good sale, it can’t be denied that all these are junk food.Just as the word junk, they bring great harm to our healthy.So, there comes a appeal that junk food should be taxed.In think it is enforceable because it will control the sale of junk food to a certain degree.Firstly, the tax can force the manufacturer to decrease production and then there will be less junk food on market.Also, we all know that junk food has very high profits.Some trader many take extreme trick to cut down their cost and gain more profit.So, it’s reasonable to tax them.9.Agree or disagree: Universities should abolish the practice of cutting off the electricity at dormitory at night.I agree with it.As a student, I should say, university shouldn’t cut off electricity at dormitory at night.The original intention for university to cut off electricity is to ensure our rest for some students will stay up very late if there is nothing to limit them.However, these students are minority.Most students have regular timetable.What’s more, we are now already in university, I think we shouldn’t be treated like high school students any longer.Especially in summer hot days, no electricity at night would be a nightmare to all students.We can’t fall asleep without electric fans.I can’t just imagine that.Universities should think more for their students and trust their self-control.10.Some say music training in college is unnecessary, while others do not believe so.What is your opinion on this issue?
I should say, music training in college is necessary, especially for non-art students.To be honest, nowadays’ college students are also under much pressure.We have to attend many complex courses everyday.Many students get tired and gloomy.Then, if there is a music course, it will greatly release our bad mood.And we will have a nice mood and more energy to continue our study.Besides, it’s commonly believed that music training can cultivate people’s character.It will make people more calm and wise as well as elegant.In fact, nowadays, many parents send their children to attend music course at a very young age.These parents hope their children will have a elegant and smart mind.Many of today’s students in university didn’t have adequate music training at their former school.If university can open related music course, it will be of great use for students’ cultivation.11.Some people like to do only what they already do well.Other people prefer to try new things and take risks.Which do you prefer? I prefer to try new things and take risks.For me, risk is a kind of uncertainty.Maybe it will lead to a negative consequence, but just as Helen Keller ever said, character cannot be developed in ease and quiet.Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved.So, if we only do what we already d well, we can rarely touch new things, gain new knowledge, and we never change.However, if we try new thing, we will find something different and may come to something we’ve never face before.Then, we will try our best to solve it, to achieve it.During the course, our ability is improved even though we fail at last.After repeatedly trying new things, we will eventually find that we’ve learnt many and become more mature.We will find it easier to measure situation and make right decision.Also, our simple life is becoming meaningful and interesting.12.Some say military training at college is necessary while other disagree.What’s your point of view on this subject? Why?
I think military training at college is necessary.Nowadays, many undergraduates are lacking in self-control and discipline.The military training is quite useful in this case.We know that military training is very strict.During the training, we learn to obey the disciplines and keep high concentration.Also, we can have our body strengthened and change our lazy image.Although the training can be very hard, we will gradually find that our steps become vigorous, and our spirits become energetic.What’s more, military training can also cultivate our Patriotism.The experience of hard training will remind us of Chinese army’s hardship.We are aware of their historic mission, fighting spirit and responsibility.So, military training is an effective way to make people know more about our motherland and love her.13.What qualities do you think a friend should have to continue the friendship? Use specific reasons to support your idea.In my heart, I think the most important quality to continue the friendship is sincerity.A true friendship must be built on sincerity.However, to continue a friendship is not a easy thing.Both of each other have to pay a lot.The word sincerity contains too much.Firstly, we need to be frank and honest to each other.Only if when we did so can the other side treat us like the same and thus build belief between friends.A friendship full of lies and deceit shouldn’t be called friendship.Secondly, we need to be considerable and do not be self-centered.We should think more for our friends and encourage them on certain occasion.A self-centered friend can be very troublesome and annoying.No one would tolerate him for a long time.Finally, I think we should learn to compromise sometimes.We can’t live in harmony forever with our friends.When there expose a disagreement, we should compromise to each other.Only by this way can a friendship last long.14.Some people say college degree begins to lose shining while others do not think so.What’s your point of view on this subject? Why? It’s not an easy question.On the whole, I think, college degree do begin to lose shining but we should never think it unimportant.Today, there are more and more universities or college degrees.We can say that graduates in society are overflowing.It can’t be ignored that more and more graduates with high degree are in fact idiots.So, the companies increasingly focus more on the personal ability rather than college degree when they recruit employees.However, that does not mean college certification becomes a wastepaper.It’s still a essential for you looking a good job.Support that a person without any qualification, will a recruiting company give him a chance? That will rarely happen, at least in our country.Then, if you never have a chance, how can you display and prove your ability, if you indeed have? So, do not think the college degree is useless.After all, chances are not for every common people.Only if we own it can we get the chance to enter a good company and thus make a difference.15.Some say growing up in rich family promotes children’s personality and character.Some think otherwise.What’s your opinion? Why? Well, it’s quite a question argued by people all the time.I think a person’s personality has little relation to his family economic level.It’s commonly said that a child in rich family will has more chances and better choice for his study.However, if the kid himself isn’t aware of this, that is all in vain.It’s not unusual that many children from rich family are quite rude and conceited although they are always receive the best education.Then, how about the poor family’s children? There is another saying that adversity cultivates heroes.To be honest, I disagree with it too.Poor children should learn harder and catch every chance to strengthen themselves.However, the reality is often not like that.Subjectively speaking, poor children are easy to feel inferior and thus can’t study well.Even if they study well, they hardly do well in practicing ability.Objectively speaking, poor children can hardly receive good and plentiful education because of the economic limit.That will cause deficiency in some literal or artistic talent such as music or dance.Therefore, I think children’s personality have little relation to their family situation.16.In universities, students should take history courses no matter what field they study.Do you agree?
I disagree with it even though I do know history is important.I’m a student major in electricity.To be honest, I think there is little sense for students in university taking history courses no matter what field they study.Maybe many people would say, history is something left by our ancestors, so we shouldn’t forget it.Yes, I agree with that.History need to be remembered.But in fact, we have been learning history from primary school.I really it’s enough for people like me whose major has little relation to history.I just take history exam last year.For me, it was really a nightmare.I spent so much time on it and still can’t remember all.Now that we’ve chosen engineering, I can’t understand why we need and have to learn history again.The time spent on history learning should be used for our major courses.17.Agree or not agree: the next twenty years from now on, students will not use printed books any more.I don’t think so.printed books won’t be abandoned in such a short time.I admit that new technology is developing fast.Many advanced electronic products are gradually take the place of traditional tools.Just like in university, teachers like to use multimedia in class for it is quite convenient and efficient.However, for our student, it is not realistic to study completely by electronic products.There are many things need to recorded on books.Books are something meaningful and practical.I should say, in our country, printed books wouldn’t be abandoned within 20 years at least for two reasons.Firstly, books are classical container of knowledge.They accompany human to advance.A student without books could be someway ridiculous.Secondly, our country haven’t developed so strong to make every student study by computer or other forms of electronic tools.And even after 20 years, the possibility is also very small.I also think it is unnecessary because books are cheap but useful and still meaningful.18.Agree or not agree: working together is better than working alone.I think work together is better than work alone.There are many benefits of working together.Firstly and obviously, working together can collect many useful and excellent ideas especially when we are thinking some complicated problems.After all, each person has his own way of thinking.After getting all ideas together, you will often find that things become much easier.Secondly, working together can avoid mistakes to a great extent.People may make wrong judge when their mood is not stable.In this case, teamwork will do great favor.Your partner could remind you of your mistake and turn the result to a good one.Thirdly, when we work together, we need be patient and not self-centered.You need to listen to others’ opinion and learn to get well along with people around you.19.Do you think nowadays the young generation’s life is in fact easier and more comfortable than their elder generation’s? I don’t think so.Life contains two aspects.One is material life, and the other is spiritual life.However, we usually emphasize on the later one.We have to admit that the young generation nowadays lives in an abundant material world.We no longer need to fight with hard environment and worry about food all day long like the elder generation.Many of us eat well, wear well and live well.However, there are something important lost.People in nowadays society are all under great pressure, even if you are a child.We are told to study hard and hard, to work hard and hard.If we don’t, we will be eliminated by the world.Then we have to worry about life too.Owing to the fast develop of world, we have to run all the time.The young generation spends almost all their time on earning money, on achieving goals.They have no time to accompany parents, to care for children, and let alone to pursue happiness.Their nerve is in tension all day long.I should say, the young generation has last too much.From this point, I don’t think the young generation’s life is easier than their elder generation’s.20.Do you think package tour is a good way of traveling? In my opinion, package tour is good in some case, while that is not absolute.Let me explain my views.If you travel not very often, I think the package tour is a better choice because the tour guide can give you many useful helps.Firstly, the guide is quite familiar with the tour city.And if you travel abroad, the guide can be your interpreter.So, you won’t be lost or even be cheated.Also, the tour guide knows much about the sight spot.Her introduction is very useful and will always lead to the most beautiful or meaningful places.Besides, if you don’t have a car, the package tour is quite convenient.You don’t have to worry about that you can’t go back in time on festival, when there are too many visitors.However, if you often go for a travel, the package tour can be quite boring for you because you have to follow the fixed timetable and route.In this case, I think you should choose traveling by yourself.You can travel however you like and stay there as long as you wish.What’s more, you can save the extra expense paid to travel agency.21.How to be popular? There is no exact answer for this question.In my mind, in order to be popular, we need to have these characters which will be mentioned next.Firstly, we need to be a person of unique character.That’s a very important factor to be popular.A person of pleasant temper is always attractive.Other people are willing to approach or make contact with him.Then, we need to be optimistic.Staying with optimistic people, we are easier to forget various trifles.Imagine that you have to face a friend who are all-day in low spirit, how could you be cheered? Most people wouldn’t like to stay with ones with bad mood.Last but not least, we should think more for others.Selfish people are always lonely.If we think only for ourselves, the people around us, even our relatives or close friends, will eventually leave us.Let alone to love us.With these characters, whether you are active or quite, extroverted or introverted, you’re sure to become a popular person.22.Learn how to say no.We’ve been taught from a young age that we should help people.It’s the right thing to do and will make us popular.It may even win us favors in return.However, we must be realistic.We can’t say yes to every request.If we did, we could feel tired or go crazy for sure.Sometimes we simply don’t have time to help others.In this case, we must know how to say no politely.When we need to say no, there is one method we can try.Firstly, we should tell the truth if we really can’t do something.We should say no directly.Then we should refuse the request politely.Finally, we don’t have to feel guilty about saying no.sometimes refusing others is the right thing.It can help us to get rid of troubles.After all, we can’t please every one all the time and saying no is a part of life.23.Nowadays western festivals are increasingly welcome in china.Do you think it is good or not? Nowadays, people in china are increasingly interested in celebrating western festivals.Some critics are arguing that people are losing their traditional values and respect historical heritage.I do not completely agree with it.In my eyes, the celebrating of western festivals has more advantages than disadvantages.Festivals are appreciated by almost everyone.I don’t it is a bad thing that our life has more festivals.Also, celebrating foreign festivals can benefit to increase the communication between different countries.People can feel other culture atmosphere and enjoy a lot in these festivals.What’s more, I don’t think we Chinese will lose respect to our own festivals.We regard our traditional festivals such as Spring Festival and the National Day just as important as usual.In my opinion, the prevalence of western festivals is just a way to make our life more colorful and joyful.24.Could you talk about the reasons why there are so many “DINK”(Double Income No Kids)families continually appearing in our society? Nowadays, there are more and more DINK families continually appearing in our society.The reason is complicated.Overall, it has something to do with society and individual’s concept.Owing to the fast develop of economy, commodity price is rising all the time.While all people want to lead a comfortable life, so they have to work hard for money.However, young couples can not have a child rashly.After all, raising a child is big project.They have to consider whether they have the economic ability as well as enough time to raise a child.Even if they do have the ability, some couples still wouldn’t like to have a child.They think having a child will cause a lot of inconvenience for them.One of them have to stay at home to take care of the newborn bay and this may make them lose a job.Some women don’t want to have a baby simply because they are afraid that their figure will go bad.In a word, they don’t want to lose their leisure life.
点击咨询 