第一篇:be动词的用法口决
be动词用法口决:
我用am,你用are(I am ,you are)Is连着他、她它(she is,he is,it is)单数名数用is.复数名词全用are.变疑问往前提,句后问号不忘记。(eg:Is he Da ming?)变否定更容易,be后not不忘记。(eg:He is not Da ming.)
名词变复数:
当表示两个或两个以上的可数名词时,名词变复数。变化规则如下:
1、直接加“S”。(eg:book变复数为books)
2、以“s、x、ch、sh ”结尾加“es”(eg:bus 变复数为buses)
3、以“f、fe”结尾的变f、fe为“ves”.(eg:knife变复数为knives).4、以辅音加“y”结尾的变“y”为“i+es.”
5、不规则变化。
把带有“can”的句子变成一般凝问句时,“can”提前。eg:I can see a dog.(我能看见一只狗)| Can you see a dog?(你能看见一只狗吗?)Yes ,I can.(是的,我能。)No ,I can’t.(不,我不能。)
There be 句型
There be句型表示某处有某物或某人,存在形式有两种:
1、there is(有)
2、there are(有)
文中有“there is+可数名词单数/不可数名词+范围” There are+可数名词复数+范围
eg:
1、How mang pandas are there?(有多少只熊猫?)There are two.(有两只。)
2、There is a panda in the zoo.(动物园里有一只熊猫。)
have与has的用法:
have的单三形式是has;have got的单三形式是has got.当主语是I you we they 或复数名词时用have/have got.当主语是he she it或单数名词时用has/has got.句中have got 表示“有”,变一般疑问句have提前。eg: I have got a banana.(我有一根香蕉。)Have you got a banana?(你有一根香蕉吗?)句中has got表示“有”变为一般疑问句。has提前。eg:She has got a tog.Has she got a tog? 给某人或某物:
1、give+人+物
2、give+物+to+人.eg: Give me a apple.(给我一个苹果。)Give a banana to me.(给我一根香蕉。)
have got(有)eg:I have got a pen.(我有一只钢笔。)Have you got a pen.(你有一只钢笔吗?)I have got a banana.(我有一根香蕉。)Have you got a banana?(你有一根香蕉吗?)Yes ,I have.(是的,我有。)No,I haven’t.(不,我没有。)
I am=I’m(我是)you are=you’re(你是/你们是)She is =she’s(她是)he is=he’s(他是)It is=it’s(它是)we are=we’re(我们是)They are=they’re(他/她/它们是)Where is=where’s(哪儿是)is not=isn’t(不是)am not没有缩写 are not=aren’t(不是)can not=can’t(不能)
形容词物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their)人称代词主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they)人称代词宾格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them)
can 能/会(情态动词)
can否定形式can not=can’t(不能/不会)用法:
1、can后+动词原形。
2、用“can”做句子时没有人称和数的变化。
3、把带有“can”的句子变为一般疑问句时,“can”提前。Eg: I can swim.(我会游泳。)Can you swim?(你会游泳吗?)Yes ,I can.(是的,我会。)No ,I can’t.(不,我不会。)
4、把带有“can”的句子变为否定句时,“can”后加“not”。可缩写成“”can’t”。
Eg :I can sing.(我能唱歌。)变否定句
I can’t sing.(我不会唱歌。)现在进行时态的构成形式:主语+be动词+动词ing+其它。Eg:I am playing football.(我正在踢足球。)Daming is reading a book.(大明正在读书)She is drawing a dog.(她正在画一只狗。)They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球。)I am skating.(我正在滑冰。)Don’t+动词原形 表示不要做——— Eg:Don’t talk.(不要说话。)
动词+ing 也就是动词变成现在分词形式,变化规则如下:
1、直接加ing.2、去e 加ing.Eg:dance 去“e”(dancing)wrirte(writing)
3、以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的双写辅音加ing.Eg:swim swimming.“let”用法如下:
1、let sb /do sth(让某人,做某事)注意:sb.等于somebody都是某人。
Sb.等于something|(某事或某物)
注意:这个句型中的某人可以是人名也可以是代词宾格: Eg :let him do homeword.让他做作业。
语音:
在英语中音素是记录英语语音的最小单位,音素的书面形式就是音标。音素48个。分为元音和辅音。
元音分为单元音和双元音。单元音12个。
/i:/ ee/ea bee /bi:/ tea/ti:/ sea /si:/ pea /pi:/ /I/ i bit /bit/ miss/mis/ /i:/ ee/ea bee /bi:/ tea/ti:/ sea /si:/ pea /pi:/ /e/ e bed /bed/ desk/desk/ egg /eg/
Like(喜欢)的用法:
+不可数名词.eg I like tea.名词 +可数名词复数。Eg I like lpples.+the +可数名词单数。Eg I like the jacket.代词宾格 Eg:I like them.动词ing Eg:I like svimming.动词
to+动词原形。Eg :I like to go fishing.Like的单三形式是likes.当主语是I you we they或复数名词时用“like”表示喜欢。Eg :Tht children like.The boys like.当主语是he she it 或单数名词时用“likes”表示喜欢。
把带有“like”的句子变成一般疑问句时借助于“Do”
注意:如果原句中的主语是“I”变成一般疑问句时改为“you”。Eg :I like dogs.(一般疑问句)Do you like dogs?(你喜欢狗吗?)Yes ,I do.(是的,我喜欢。)No ,I don’t.(不,我不喜欢。)Eg :They like bananas.(他们喜欢香蕉。)
Do they like bananas?(他们喜欢香蕉吗?)
句子中“likes”表示喜欢,变一般疑问句借助于“does” 注意:原句中“likes”还原为“like”。Eg :She likes milk.(她喜欢牛奶)。
Does she like milk?(她喜欢牛奶吗?)Yes ,she does.No, she doesn’t.句子中“like”表示喜欢,变成否定句借助于“don’t” Eg :I like dogs.(我喜欢狗。)
I don’t like dogs.(我不喜欢狗。)| 句子中“likes”表示喜欢,变成否定句错助于“doesn’t”.注意:原句中“likes”还原为“like”。Eg :She likes milk.(她喜欢牛奶。)
She doesn’t like milk.(她不喜欢牛奶。)
元音 12个单元音 短元音7个
[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [ʌ] [e] [æ] 长元音5个
[i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] [ɑ:] 8个双元音
[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au] [əu] [iə] [ɛə] [uə] 辅音 10对 清辅音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [θ] [s] [ts] [tr] [∫] [t∫] 浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [ð] [z] [dz] [dr] [З] [dЗ] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] 3个似拼音 [h] [l] [r] 2个半元音 [j] [w]
第二篇:动词惯用法
动词惯用法
使用动词时,要遵循它们特定的句型,不能随心所欲,我们这里仅讨论测试中最常见的几种句型。1.动词+不定式
误:He managed getting that book. 正:to get 有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词,常见的这类词有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,appear,apply,beg,bother,challenge,choose,claim,command,care,deign,dare,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,essay,endeavour,fail,guaran-tee,get(对„逐渐),hope,help,hesitate,incline,intend,know,long(渴望),learn,mean,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,prepare,pledge,proceed,profess(声称),presume(竟敢),refuse,resolve,seek,swear,strive,scheme,seem,threaten,trouble,tend,undertake,volunteer,venture,vow,want,wish等。
a.He volunteered to get some information.
b.Allen applied to be transferred to another department.
know后的不定式必须是带连接副词或连接代词的,如 how to,what to,who to,但不能接why to。
a.He knows how to drive a bus. b.I don't know why we should do it. 2.动词+动名词
误:I advise to wait till 9. 正:waiting 英语中有些动词或动词词组只能用动名词作宾语,而不能用不定式,常见的有:admit,advise,acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,avoid,adore,appreciate,bar,cannot help,can't resist(禁不住),can't stand,complete,confirm,consider,contemplate,confess,defer,delay,deny,detect,detest,discourage,discontinue,dislike,doubt,enjoy,envisage,escape,evade,excuse,facilite,fancy,favour,feel like,finish,forbid,forgive,give up,grudge,hinder,hold off,involve,imagine,incur,keep(on),leave off,loathe,look like,mind,miss,mention,necessitate,prohibit,put off,postpone,practise,permit,prevent,quit,pardon,recall,recollect,remain,report,require,resent,recommand,resist,resume,risk,relish,shirk,stop,suggest,shun,save,urge,visualise等。
a.Who suggest doing it this way? b.The old worker has left off working. c.Nor do we doubt being able to finish the work on time. 3.动词+不定式/动名词
英语中有些动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词。
(1)两种结构意义差别不大。a.He declined to go there. b.He declined going there. 有些动词在接动名词或不定式时,意义差别不是很大,常见的这类动词有:begin,bear,cease,continue,commence,decline,delay,dread,deserve,endure,hate,intend,loathe,like,love,neglect,omit,propose,prefer,purpose,start,scorn等。
a.Don't neglect to lock/locking the door,when you leave. b.He omitted to read/reading the second page.
①如果start,begin,commence,cease等表示有意识地开始或停止的事情,多接动名词,否则多接不定式。
②如果like,love,hate,loathe表示一般倾向,后面多接动名词。如果指某一具体行为,则其后接不定式更多一些。如果love和like前有would或should,则其后只可接不定式。
误:I'd like hearing others'views. 正:to hear ③要注意prefer后接动名词和不定式时的搭配。
a.They prefer walking to taking a bus. b.They prefer to walk rather than take a bus. ④decline,delay,dread后接动名词更常见一些。另外,bear意为“合适”时,其后只可接动名词。
误:His language won't bear to be repeated.
正:bear repeating(2)两种结构意义不一样。
英语中有些动词可接动名词,也可接不定式,但两种结构的意义不一样。常用的这类动词有:mean,try,regret,stop,forget,remem-ber,need,wait等等。①mean a.I have meant to leave on Monday. 我打算周一离开。
b.Missing the train means waiting an hour.
赶不上那辆火车就意味着要等一小时。mean to do sth.意为“打算做„„”;mean doing sth.意为“意味着”。②try a.You must try to improve your work. 你应努力改进工作。
b.Why not try doing the experiment in some other way?
为什么不试用别的方法做这实验? try to do sth.意为“设法做、努力做”,try doing sth.意为“试着„”。③regret a.I regret to say that we can't stay here any longer.
很抱歉我们不能再在这儿呆了。b.I regret making/having made such a mistake.
我后悔犯了这样一个粗心的错误。regret to do sth.意为“对„感到抱歉(事情没有发生)”;regret do-ing sth.意为“对„感到后悔(事情已经发生)”。④stop a.When I arrived,he stopped to talk with me.
当我到达时,他停下(手中的活)和我说话。
b.Stop talking!it's time for class.别说话,该上课了。
stop to do sth.意为“停下来(指别的事),开始做某事”; stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事。⑤forget a.Don't forget to bring your notebook next time.
下次别忘了带笔记本。b.I will never forget finding the rare old coin in my garden.
我永远也不会忘记我曾在花园发现过一枚希罕的古钱币。
forget to do sth.意为“忘记做某事(事情还没有发生)”;I forget doing sth.意为“忘记做某事这一情况(指做的事已发生)”。⑥remember a.Please remember to post my leter.请记住给我发信。
b.I remember seeing/having seen him somewhere.
我记得曾经看见过他。
remember to do sth.意为“记得做某事(事情还没有发生)”; re-member doing sth.意为“记得做过某事(事情已经发生)”。⑦need a.I need to get away and rest up a little.
我需要离开这儿,好好休息一下。b.The floor needs mopping/to be mopped.地板需要擦。
need to do sth.意为“必须做某事”; need doing sth.意为“需要”。⑧want a.I don't want to go there.我不想去那里。
b.Your English wants brushing up/to be brushed up.
你的英语需要复习一下。
want to do sth.意为“想做什么”; want doing sth.意为“需要做什么”。⑨go on doing,go on to do a.How long do you intend to go on paying those blooky records?
b.He welcomd the new stdents and then went on to explain the col-lege regulations.
c.For half an hour I went on reading Lesson Six.
d.At half past three I went on to read Lesson Six.
go on to do sth.表示“做完了某事,继续做另一件事”; go on doing sth.意为“某事还没有做完,继续做该事”。go on to read Lesson Ten 即表示已续读完了第九节课(或别的动作),进而读第十课;而 go on reading Lesson Ten即表示第十课还没有读完,要继续读。一般go on to do sth.结构经常指一个时刻的动作,而 go on doing sth.结构常指一段时间的动作。go on with sth.短语,既可指一时刻的动作,也可指一段时间内的动作。a.After a little pause,he went on with his speech.
b.He went on with his speech for half an hour.
⑩begin,start,cease,a.After he had collected the material,he began writing.
b.After a week,he began to enjoy his study.
c.The buses ceased runing. d.He ceased to breathe.
在动词begin,start,cease之后,用动名词表示有意识的动作,用不定式则表示无意识的无法控制的动作。上述三个动词如果用understand,realize等动词作宾语时,不能用动名词形式,只能用不定式。我们只能说:He began to realize he had made a mistake.(11)hear,see,feel等感官动词 a.I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
我看见他昨天在花园里干活。
b.I saw him to work in the garden yesterday.
我见他昨天在花园里干过活
在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice等之后,既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,用动名词作宾语时我们的注意力是集中到动作进行的过程之中的,强调过程,而用不定式则把我们的注意力集中到动作完成的事实。
a.We heard the girl singing in the hall.
b.We heard the girl to sing in the garden. a)stop后接不定式作目的状语,不是宾语,另外halt和pause后接的不定式都是状语,其后不可接动名词,因为它们是不及物动词。如
a.She halted to speak to him.她停下来(以便)和他说话。
b.He paused to have a rest.他停下来(以便)休息一下。
b)人作主语时,want和need后面常接主动的不定式,很少用动名词。物作主语时,其后既可接动名词,也可接不定式。c)在动词need,want,require,deserve,bear,stand等之后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动结构。
a.His coat needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
b.His house wants painiting/to be painted. c.The old woman requires looking after/to be looked after.
d)在形容词afraid,certain,sure,sorry等之后,既可接动名词也可接不定式,两者含义不相同。
a.We are never afraid to do such things.
我们从不怕做这样的事情。
b.We are afraid of being late.我们担心(恐怕)迟到。
c.We are certain to be victorious.我们一定会胜利。4.动词+双宾语
(1)有些动词接双宾语,其间接宾语多数都可换为由介词to引起的短语,意思上没有什么差别,常见的有:allow,accord,award,assign,bring,deny,ensure,forbid,give,grant,hand,lend,leave,offer,owe,promise,pass,provide,quote,return,refuse,recommend,render,show,surrender,throw,teach,wish等。a.The government granted him a loan. The government granted a loan to him. b.They award John the first prize. They award the first prize to John. ask的间接宾语不可换为由to引起的短语,必须换为由of引起的短语。另外,write,send,tell,pay,read等的间接宾语也可换为由for引起的短语,但它同由to引起的短语意思不同。
a.I'd like to ask you a favour. b.I'd like to ask a favour of you. c.I wrote a letter to him.我给他写了封信。
d.I wrote a letter for him.我代他写了封信。(2)有些动词接双宾语,其间接宾语可换为由for引起的短语,意思不变,常见的这类动词有:build,buy,cook,choose,draw,do(给予),fetch,fix,find,fill,set,make,order(定购),paint,prepare,spare,save,get,sing,pardon等。a.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.
b.Please do me a favour. Please do a tovour for me. c.Let me fix you a drink. Let me fix a drink for you. d.Please fill me a glass of beer. Please fill a glass of beer for me. 5.动词+宾语 英语中有些动词只可接一个宾语。误:He informed her his new address. 正:in formed her of 英语中有些动词常因其中文含义而被误用,要注意其后介词 1)acquaint 误:The teacher did much to acquaint us the problem.
正:acquaint us with the problem acquaint是及物动词,意为“使认识、使了解、通知”。acquaintoneself with/of(开始知道),acquaint sb.with/of/that„(把„通知某人),get acquainted with(开始认识某人、开始了解某事),make sb.acquainted with(把„告知某人、使某人认识„)。
a.I acquaint myself with the fact. b.He acquainted me with the meeting. c.He acquainted me that the meeting was put off.(2)convince 误:We failed to convince him his mistake.
正:convince him of convince是及物动词,意为“a.使确信、使信服; b.使认识错误或罪行”,常和介同of连用,或接that从句。
a.This convinced me of his honesty. b.This convinced me that he was honest.
c.He was convinced of his error.(3)explain 误:The teacher explain us the reason. 正:explain the reason to us explain用作及物动词,意为“解释、说明”,只可接一个宾语,如explain a difficult problem,explain the Party's policy。explain oneself意为“说明自己的意思或动机、为自己的行为辩解”。a.Will you please explain this point to us?
b.He explained why he was late. c.Can you explain such conduct? d.That explains his hesitation.(4)favour 误:Please favour me an early reply. 正:favour me with favour是及物动词,意为“a.赐与、给与;b.有利于、有助于;c.喜爱、赞成、偏爱”。by favour of/favoured by(烦请„面交),find favour with sb./in sb.'s eyes(得宠于某人、受某人青睐),in favour of(a.赞同、支持„:be in favour of sb.'s suggestion;b.有利于„:The score was 2 to 1 in favour of the guest team.c.签票据以„为受款人:draw a cheque in favour of sb.)。in sb.'s favour(a.得某人欢心;b.对某人有利:The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour.),out of favour(with)(失宠于„、不受„的欢迎)。
a.Kindly favour us with an early reply.
b.We favour your proposal. c.The weather favoured the harvesting.
d.A mother should not favour any of her children.(5)inform 误:I will inform you my answer. 正:inform you of inform是及物动词,意为“告诉、通知”。a.Did you inform them of the progress of the work?
b.I beg to inform you that the meeting will be held tomorrow.
c.I have to inform you that I have changed my mind.(6)inquire 误:I inquired him the way to Chicago. 正:inquired him of inquire只可接一个宾语,意为“询问”。inquire after sb.(问候某人),inquire after a sick comrade,inquire for(a.询问:inquire for a new picture book;b.要见:inquire for the comrade in charge)。a.We inquired the way of a boy. b.He inquired(of me)how to proceed with the work.(7)introduce 误:The chairman introduced the speaker the audience.
正:introduced the speaker to introduce只可接一个宾语,意为“介绍、引进、引入”。
a.Marxism-Leninism was introduced into China at the beginning of this century.
b.Allow me to introduce John to you.(8)request 误:I will request you this book. 正:request this book from you request是及物动词,意为“要求”,只可接一个宾语。request sth.from sb.,request sb.'s presence。a.Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
b.All I request of you is that you(should)be punctual.
c.We requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter.(9)require 误:Do you require me anything? 正:require anything of me require是及物动词,意为“需要、要求、命令”,只可接一个宾语,常和介词of连用。
a.These young seedlings will require looking after carefully.
b.The emergency requires that it should be done.
c.I'll do all that the party and the people require of me.(10)relieve 误:This relieved us part of our luggage.
正:relieved us of relieve是及物动词,只可接一个宾语,意为“减轻、解除”。
a.The injection can relieve pain. b.He was relieved of his post.(11)reward 误:They rewarded her a prize 正:rewarded her with reward意为“报答、报偿”,是及物动词,常和with连用,意为“以„报偿某人”。a.We rewarded him with some money. b.His efforts were rewarded by success.(12)rob 误:They robbed him his watch. 正:robbed him of rob意为“抢劫”,常和of连用。rob a man of his money,rob an orchard,rob sb.of his rights,如:The shock robbed him of speech.(13)supply 误:The government supplies them clothing,food,andshelter. 正:supplies them with supply意为“供给、供应”,常和介词with连用:supply the market with new commodities,in short supply(供应不足)。6.动词+名词+宾语补足语(现在分词)不是所有的动词都可以用分词短语作它的宾语补足语的,这种结构对于动词的要求很严格。只有在下列情况下,才能用分词(或分词短语)作其宾语的补足语。(1)当动词为表示感觉或心理状态时,有see,hear,feel,watch,notice,smell,find,think,look at,observe,listen to等。
a.I saw a small girl standing in the goldfish pond.
b.He felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light.
c.I found him drinking my whisky.(2)当动词make,get,have,keep,leave等表示“致使、使得”含义时。a.I have my hair cut every ten days. b.She's going to have her clothes dyed.
c.Don't leave her waitng outside in the rain.
(3)在have+宾语+过去分词的结构中,have有三种不同的含义。a.We had the problem solved.(had作“致使、使得”讲,表示一种有意的行为。)
b.I have not any money left.(have作“有”解。)
c.She had her arm broken in an accident.
(had作“遭受”解,表示无意行为。)(4)当谓语动词为like,want,wish,order等表示希望、要求、命令等意义时。a.He wanted his eggs fried. b.He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
c.The commander orderd the army unit reorganized.
(5)当动词start作“引起(让)„作某事”,set意为“使(引起)„做某事”,send作“使得(引起)„做某事”,catch作“碰上(撞上)„做某事”,stop,prevent意为“阻止„做某事”,excuse意为“原谅„做某事”,want意为“想„做某事”,discover意为“发现„做某事”,bring意为“使„做某事”,show意为“显示„做某事”解时。a.The smoke started her coughing. b.His question set me thinking. c.The explosion sent things flying in all directions.
d.The farmer caught the boys stealing his apples.
e.Oh,mother,do go out and stop father making a scene in the rain.
f.They nailed a piece of wood over the broken window pane to pre-vent the rain coming in.
g.Excuse me not having answered your letter. h.We don't want you getting into trouble.
i.He stopped to watch us working. j.We discovered them sitting round a fire chatting.
k.A phone call brought him hurrying to Leeds.
l.The photograph shows the baby laughing.
第三篇:be动词用法及相关练习题
Be动词的用法:
现在时 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are(缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're),(否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't), 过去时 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were(过去时否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't), 过去分词 been, 现在分词 being
1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。
2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。
3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。
说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b.表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。
c.征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
d.表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
现在进行时:
构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+v-ing
第二人称+are+v-ing
第三人称+is+v-ing
定义:现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。
可以表示有计划的未来。也是一般现在时表将来。
现在进行时的基本用法:
a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)
d.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)
1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起来”“看上去“appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste
6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own.possess.want wish
【No.1】现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由”be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
【No.2】现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
【No.3】现在进行时的变化
肯定句式:主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are)+not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。
c.表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
e:现在进行时有时可以用来表示赞叹或厌烦的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble.他总是惹麻烦.=====================================
The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。
例如:
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing;
swimming,beginning,putting,要双写最后一个字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分单词直接加ing.有一些特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing.
1.The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
2.现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。
3.例如:
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying。
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同。
has用在第三人称单数形式(能转换成it的人称形式)中;have用在第一人称和第二人称中;如果一个句子中有does(或did)的话,has变为have,does就相当于一个还原器。
例句:
has:He has a bag.他有一个书包。
have:I have a pen.我有一知钢笔。
Do you have a book?你有一本书吗?
关于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一个笔记本吗?
She doesn't have a computer.她没有一个电脑。
练习题
(Be动词)
一、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。
I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary.I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.二、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。(注意Be动词的时态)1.I ________from Australia.2.She _______ a student.3.Jane and Tom _________my friends.4.My parents _______very busy every day.5._______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6.There _____ some glasses on it.7.There ________many monkeys in the mountain.8.There_________ a beautiful garden in our school.9.I _______ at school just now.10.He ________ at the camp last week.11.We ________ students two years ago.12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There _________some water in the glass.18.There __________ some bread on the table.19.Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20.How old __________ you last year? 21.Which dog ________ yours? 22.Ten and two ________ twelve.、。
一、用am, is, are 填空 1)I _____ a student.2)You ____ a doctor.3)____she from Jinan?
4)_____you American? 5)He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.6)It_____ a car.7)They ____ cars
8)____ your mother in China? 9)_____your friends in New York? 10)What ____her name?
11)These _____ buses.12)Those _____oranges.13)Where _____ her mother? 14)How old _____your teacher? 15)What class _____ you in? 1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack’s sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling....
第四篇:be动词用法练习题
be动词用法练习题(1)1.选择正确的be动词填空。
(1)I _____ a student.(2)We _____ friends.(3)He _____ a good boy.(4)She ______ is my sister.(5)They _____ playing football.(6)You ______ my friend.2.现在进行时练习:
1)I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2)The girl______ Jack's sister.3)______ your brother in the classroom?
4)Who ______ I?
5)The jeans ______ on the desk.6)My sister's name ______Nancy.7)There ______ a girl in the room.8)There ______ some apples on the tree.9)There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.3.句型转换:
1.I
am
a
teacher.(转换成为一般疑问句并回答)
2.They
are
reading a book..(转换成为一般疑问句并回答)
3.He is playing computer games.(转换成为一般疑问句并回答)
4.We are having an English class.(转换成为一般疑问句并回答)
5.She is dancing.(转换成为一般疑问句并回答)
be动词用法练习题(2)1.选择正确的be动词填空。
1)I ______a doctor.2)My father_____a policeman.3)We______having breakfast.4)Mike ______ from Canada.5)Her sister ______a nurse.6)They ______ my classmates.7)He ______ my brother.8)She ______ a dancer.9)I______a student.10)His mother______a
housewife.2.句型转换:
1)将下列各句转换成否定句。
(1)I
am drawing
a picture.(2)They
are playing football.(3)His father
is a
teacher.(4)We are having a music class.(5)She is a singer.2)将下列各句转换成为一般疑问句并回答。(1)They
are
reading books.(2)I am a good student.(3)He is
a
policeman.(4)His brother is a postman.(5)We
are
playing snowball-fighting.
第五篇:书法口决
一、初学书法口诀歌
汉字线条表,结构规律找
方正是原形,奇险求平正
初学要牢记,选帖为开始
字帖千万册,流派只分三
一派钟繇书,风格成古朴
一派右军书,多姿称为秀
一派小王书,清丽如荷出
三派难分右,各自有千秋
历代书家出,得一垂今古
选帖事虽小,可定学书向
选我钟爱帖,如情定终生
初选不急写,从头至尾阅
读帖有方式,笔画记清晰
同类找细别,感悟有心得
此时下笔练,事半功又倍
首先练笔画,对贴分毫差
始求形相同,慢慢悟神功
点如空坠石,力量有千钧
横如天边云,来势更凶猛
撇如断象牙,亦是松生崖
捺如武士刀,霍霍斩豺狼
折为士曲臂,内中含刚力
上述要心领,下笔才神会
此时可练字,学书刚开始
不求写全帖,可选代表字
入室求心定,朝夕要认真
见异思迁忌,专心持之恒
待到写它字,形神出心间
与帖不相右,功到自然成 此期看秉赋,长短不可论
此为一阶段,功夫要下深
追求神品界,须待后阶段
二、楷书书法口诀一
汉字楷模是真书,端庄美观价值高。
形体方正有魅力,结构严谨多精巧。
笔画规范讲变化,阴阳笔法结合好。
起收有序要利索,笔笔分明忌潦草。
楷书称正楷 起笔多藏锋
学书必先行 行笔用中锋
笔画形态稳 回锋要自然
字字得端正
结构搭配匀
章法要讲究
笔笔得到位
清朗必整齐 结构讲造型 多临古人帖 用笔讲技巧 楷书要写好 重在用腕上
三、行书书法口诀
行楷书写要流畅 主笔沉着是关键
快写简化是特征 连笔轻细不可粗
伸缩性大变体多 用笔最好是长锋
执笔用笔如草书 使墨必须调湿润
执笔必须悬起肘 全篇排头是标准
灵活多变才自如
一气呵成要贯通
行书字体最多姿
用笔八法需记清
横平竖直重心稳
疏密匀称结构精
点画呼应贵活泼
穿插揖让要有情
项背分明多变化
运笔轻盈忌僵硬
四、草书要决
狂草如激电湍流
点线变化多姿美
气势磅礴态万千
草书行行如春蚓
全章一起要贯通
五、魏体口诀
魏碑书体真美观
刚柔并济楷隶兼
笔画稳健多雍容
结字奇伟要有变
入笔收笔应遒劲
捺画压笔最关键
隶意楷法掌握好
雄浑质朴贵自然
魄力雄强 精神飞动
气象浑穆 兴趣酣足
笔法跳跃 骨血润达
点画峻厚 结构天成 意态飘逸 血肉丰美 字字如惊蛇出洞 疏密虚实心有数 结构布白心畅意 字字造型似秋蛇 有气有神是精品
六、仿宋口诀
仿宋书体字宜长
整齐列队排成行 字字间隔要均匀
端正清秀有力量 撇如尖刀竖似柱
勾要坚挺捺要棒 入笔收笔显棱角
形神兼备贵阳刚
七、隶书书法口诀
方劲古拙 如龟如鳖
蚕头雁尾 笔必三折
雁不双飞 蚕无二色
点画俯仰 左挑右磔
重浊轻清斩钉截铁
汉隶无师可自通 首先学会用中锋
蚕头雁尾笔画美 内紧外松结构精
雁不双飞须注意 蚕无二设要记清
距宽行窄字宜扁
笔要圆粗墨要浓
八、章草草诀歌(释文)
稿诀最为难,使转在豪端。心领乃手得,气足更形完。分布先平正,迅速愈安详。穷原创西汉,史游急就章。粗书解隶体,俾效广凡将。乙未徵举得,止戈获武扬。晋魏善书者,靡不珍而藏。慨自赵宋后,草法始日亡。目未寓章草,落笔多荒唐。务须通古义,假借不相妨。羲献固作故,以比费思量。竹让艹为简,矣熹厶倒颠。才可代纔用,如当即女延。行行复去去,夫夫又天天。一字或数写,雅驯择当先。泥古不能化,亦难臻好娟。谩夸兹生富,谨防俗伪姗。六手流为禀,七红滥谓袁。奉强十朱拟,言空三口宣。无名遽割裂,谬种盛播传。繘jú乡证检要,漆德补脱删。试校漆与德,转觉后胜前。美术兼适用,小道必可观。有点方为氵,无挑不是言。亻彳具作丨,莫非取便焉。有时都不取,训似豹窥斑。车车车车车,宁出一车旁。孑糹牙耳身,马奚月徵茫。常常缩其丨,密密揭其宀。冖盖阙左畔,辶绕略右边。
心(忝-天)鉴恭慕,贝火悟贞员。称摄岂属倚,某枣异来旋。瞻反目詹后,啖本口敢先。头改千里差,道遵一缕牵。展殿卒率副,汤荡卢庐添。市翁平乎帛,激温湿县悬。从徙徒服报,伫佗他皇全。弟夷遗遣尽,岁几荷柰前。慰赋讵听讹,朔邦遂许参。(马+取)缠骤缠截,承泰承泰连。帝虎兼制判,廊庙暨绿缘。首曾差哀衾,尾斯欺损捐。丽麓头历历,备满腹便便。御羞随卿转,凿想引爱联。宁寂皆公识,州妙诸法看。骓鸡与牲抵,熙照又塞寒。父象又执朴,母视女怀丹。东比柬还瘦,辱较府稍偏。殆孤迥两样,矛柔非一般。即脚纯异恐,医首争似坚。
勿尸厂过计,唯页欠最危。阝贝问谁信,臣疏(偏旁)动我疑。路纵足混疏(偏旁),怀切褱忌隹。阝郎碍月朗,扌拖横方施。月阝由章定,方扌酌今宜。幸才每致扰,矢失尤易歧。家守客官宙,剋戏彪彭题。盐监盗犹豫,舆兴奥迥迟。萧鼠崔雀判,寅宾(摇-扌)詹殊。乙又交相与,飞非联翩飞。神求得乎乏,貌取失之辞。庆乃省鹿(爱-上头),袭爰接龙衣。尉财收不偶,乌鸟起先奇。曰连方成曼,半缀心是悉。容空抑扬险,带耑断制曲。虑异逼翻近,临休给妄窥。研究高齐马,剖晰兕既儿。射肘讨仿佛,芾万笺依稀。睿虞违迷悉,黹鼠树挂枝。变别亠使变,丝殊子糹丝。愿禀凡及氏,杂志雍合离。栽裁勘衣木,榖毂验禾车。至至至致顺,侯侯侯候推。当尚腹中测,友发顶上知。含舍贪隐显,退邑过疾徐,罔令刘若对,奚讶缶似垂。
九、草诀百韵歌
明韩道亨(1075字)
草圣最为难,龙蛇竟笔端。毫厘虽欲辨,体势更须完。有点方为水,空挑却是言。
宀(mian阴平)头无左畔,之趬缺东边。长短分知去,微茫视每安。步观牛引足,羞见羊踏田。六手宜为禀,七红即是袁。十朱知奉己,三口代言宣。左阜贝丁反,右刀寸点弯。曾差头不异,归浸体同观。孤殆通相似,矛柔总一般。采夆身近取,熙照眼前看。思惠鱼如画,禾乎手似年。既防吉作古,更慎达为连。宁乃繁于叔,侯兮不减詹。称摄将属倚,某枣借来旋。慰赋真难别,朔邦岂易参。
常收无用直,密上不须宀(mian阴平)。才畔详笺牒,水元看永泉。柬同东且异,府象辱还偏。才傍干成卉,勾盘柬作阑。乡卿随口得,爱凿与奎全。玉出头为武,干衔点是丹。蹄号应有法,云虐岂无传。盗意脚同适,熊弦身似然。矣其头少变,兵共足双联。莫写包庸守,勿书绿是缘。谩将绳当腊,休认寡为宽。即脚犹如恐,还身附近迁。寒容审有象,宪害寘相牵。满外仍知备,医初尚类坚。直须明谨解,亦合别荆前。颡向戈牛始,鸡须下子先。撇之非是乏,勾木可成村。萧鼠头先辨,寅宾腹里推。之加心上恶,兆戴免头龟。点至堪成急,勾干认是卑。寿宜圭与可,齿记止加司。右邑月何异,左方才亦为。举身为乙未,登体用北之。路左言如借,时边寸莫违。草勾添反庆,乙九贴人飞。惟末分忧夏,就中识弟夷。斋齐曾不较,流染却相依。或戒戈先设,皋华脚预施。睿虞元仿佛,拒捉自依稀。顶上哀衾别,胸中器谷非。止知民倚氏,不道树多枝。虑逼都来近,论临勿妄窥。起旁合用短,遣上也同迷。欲识高齐马,须知兕既儿。寺专无失错,巢笔在思维。丈畔微弯使,孙边不绪丝。莫教凡作愿,勿使雍为离。醉碎方行处,丽琴初起时。栽裁当自记,友发更须知。忽讶刘如对,从来缶似垂。含贪真不偶,退邑尚参差。减灭何曾误,党堂未易追。女怀丹是母,叟弃点成皮。若谓涉同浅,须教贱作师。鼋鼍鼂一类,茶菊荣更亲。非作浑如化,功劳总若身。示衣尤可惑,奄宅建相邻。道器吴难测,竟充克有伦。市于增一点,仓欲可同人。数叚情何密,曰甘势则匀。固虽防梦简,自合定浮淳。添一车牛幸,点三上下心。叅参曾不别,閧巽岂曾分。夺旧元无异,嬴羸自有因。势头宗掣絜,章体效平辛。合戒哉依岁,宁容拳近秦。邪听行复止,即断屈仍伸。田月土成野,七九了收声。最迫艰难叹,尤疑事予争。葛尊草上得,廊庙月边生。里力斯成曼,圭心可是舂。出书观项转,别列看头平。我家曾不远,君畏自相仍。甚乂犬傍获,么交玉伴琼。膝滕中委曲,次比两分明。二下客为乱,宀藏了则宁。而由问上点,早得幸头门。耻死休相犯,貌朝喜共临。鹿头真戴草,狐足乃疑心。勿使微成渐,奚容闷即昆。作南观两甫,求鼎见棘林。休助一居下,弃奔七尚尊。隶头真似系,帛下即如禽。沟渫皆从戈,帋笺并用巾。惧怀容易失,会念等闲并。近息追微异,乔商矞不群。欵频终别白,所取岂容昏。戚感威相等,驭敦殷可亲。台名依召立,敝类逐严分。邹歇歌难见,成几贼易闻。傅传相竞点,留辩首从心。昌曲终如鲁,食良末若吞。改头聊近体,曹甚不同根。旧说唐同雁,尝思孝似存。扫搊休得混,彭赴可相侵。世老偏多少,谢衡正浅深。酒花分水草,技放别支文。可爱郊邻郭,偏宜谌友湛。习观羲献迹,免使墨池浑。
万历癸丑秋八月二十五日韩道亨书