第一篇：高三英语课文第01、09、14、20共4课英汉对照
高三英语课文 高三课文：Unit 01 Madame Curie Four doctors are at a medical conference.四位医生在出席一次医学会议。
A: Which speech are you going to listen to this afternoon?
A：今天下午你准备去听哪个报告？
B: I haven't decided.There's a talk on cancer that might be quite interesting, so perhaps I'll go to that.B：还没有决定。有个关于癌症的报告可能很有意思，也许我会听听。
A: Has it got anything to do with your present research?
A：报告跟你目前的研究有关吗？
B: No.It has nothing to do with it at all.B：没有。它和我的研究一点关系都没有。
C: I'm not sure whether to go to the one about accidents.C
：我还没有确定是否去参加那个关于事故的报告。
D: It's Dr Stone, isn't it? She's usually good.D
：是斯通博士，对吗？她一直很不错的。
C: Perhaps I' ll go to that one.C
：我也许会去听听那个报告。
D: How did you find the talk this morning? D
：你觉得今天早晨的报告怎么样？
A: Very disappointing.Maybe it was useful for some people, but it wasn't for me.I doubt if he'll be asked to speak again next year.A：非常令人失望。它可能对一些人有用，但对我没用。我怀疑明年是否还会邀请他作报告。
D: I'm not sure that this conference is as good as last year's.D
：我确信这次会议不如去年的会议精彩。
A: No, I'm sure it's not.A：是的，我确信不如。
B: Which speech are you going to?
B：你打算去听哪个报告呢？
D: I'm not going to any.I need some fresh air, so I'm going out for a walk.D
：我哪个报告都不去听。我需要一些新鲜空气，因此我要出去散步。
B: Have fun.B：好好玩吧！
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of radium.Marie Curie was born in Poland, on November 7th, 1867.When she was young, she became interested in physics and read as many books as she could on the subject.At that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland, so Marie was determined to go to Paris and study there.She arrived in paris in 1891.She had very little money to live on, ate very little and was always cold in winter.There was a small fire in her room, but she had to carry coal up six floors and wear an overcoat in her small room to keep warm.She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics two years after arriving in Paris.After graduation she took another degree in mathematics.In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, a very bright scientist who was teaching at the School of Physics and Industrial Chemistry at Paris.Marie started to do research, even though she had very little equipment and no money.Not long before another scientist had found that uranium gave off rays, so Marie decided to study this area for her doctor's degree.She gave these rays a new name “radioactive”.One day she made an important discovery.There was a certain mineral which was even more radioactive than uranium.Therefore, she decided, it must contain some other matter that no one had yet discovered.In 1898 she discovered the first of these new radioactive minerals, which she named “polonium” in honour of her motherland-Poland, and on which she wrote a research paper.居里夫人作为镭的发现者将永远为人们所怀念。她于1867年11月7日出生于波兰。她年轻时就对物理很感兴趣，并尽可能多地阅读了有关物理学方面的书籍。当时在波兰妇女是不允许进大学的，因此，玛丽决定去巴黎学习。她于1891年到达巴黎。她的生活费很少，吃的也很少，冬天还经常挨冻。房间里只有一小盆火，而她还必须把煤搬上六楼，在她那间小房里，她得穿上大衣来保暖。到巴黎两年以后，她顺利地取得了一级物理学位。毕业后她又取得了数学学位。1895年她同一位聪明的科学家皮埃尔·居里结了婚。皮埃尔当时在巴黎理工学院教书。这期间玛丽开始了研究工作，尽管当时设备很少又无经费。在此之前不久，另外有位科学家发现过铀元素放出射线的现象。于是玛丽便决定在这方面进行研究，以获取博士学位。她给这种射线取了一个新名词，叫“辐射”。有一天，她获得了一个重要的发现。有一种矿物，它具有的放射性甚至比铀还强。于是她断定，这种矿物里必定含有某种未曾被人发现的别的物质。1898年她发现了这些新放射性矿物中的第一种。为向她的祖国一波兰表示敬意，她把这种矿物取名为“钋”，并写了一篇关于钋的研究论文。
From then on, Marie and Pierre worked together on their research.They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory.As months went by, the work seemed endless.Marie described her thoughts in words much like this:“Life is not easy for any of us.We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.”
从那以后，玛丽和皮埃尔就一道从事研究工作了。他们把全部时间投入了实验室工作。时间一个月一个月地过去了，而她们的工作似乎并无止境。玛丽曾经用这样的文字表述过她的思想“对于我们中的任何一个人来说，生活都是不容易的。我们必须工作，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。我们必须相信，我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好，而且，当我们发现这事情是什么的时候，我们就必须努力干下去，直到成功为止。”
One evening in 1902 as she was sitting with Pierre at home, she said to him, “Let's go down to the laboratory again.” It was nine o'clock and they had been there only two hour before.They put on their overcoats and went down to the laboratory.As they opened the door on the ground floor, Marie said, “Don't light the lamps.Look!” On the laboratory bench was a glass container from which came a tiny soft light.It was what they had been working so hard to find: pure radium.1902年的一个夜晚，她和皮埃尔坐在家里休息，她对皮埃尔说：“咱们再去一下实验室吧。”这时已经是九点了，就在两个小时前他们曾去过那里。他们披上大衣就向实验室走去。当他们打开一楼的门时，玛丽说：“别开灯。你瞧！”从实验室工作台上放着的一个玻璃器皿中发出一种微弱的光。这就是他们一直辛勤劳动、孜孜以求的东西：纯镭。
The matter that the Curies had discovered was radium.It looked like ordinary salt, but was one million times more radioactive than uranium.Its rays could go through every mineral except lead.In 1903 Marie received her doctor's degree for her study on radioactive matter.Altogether, between 1899 and 1904 she and Pierre wrote 34 articles about their work.Marie Curie never made money out of her research.She refused to treat these new discoveries as though they belonged to her, and instead shared all her knowledge with the whole scientific world.居里夫妇所发现的物质就是镭，看起来它就像普通的食盐一样，而它的放射性却铀要大一百万倍。它的射线可以穿透除铅以外的所有其它矿物质。由于她在放射性物质方面研究，玛丽于1903年获得了博士学位。在1899年到1904年之间，她和皮埃尔就他们的研究工作写了34篇论文。玛丽·居决不通过她的研究来赚钱。她不同意把这些新发现看作是属于她自己的东西，而是献出自己的全部知识，供整个科学界共享。
Polonium and radium were important discoveries.Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.Radium, because of its powerful radioactive rays, can go deep into the human body.Scientists soon discovered that it could be used as a cure for cancer.In 1904 Marie and Pierre Curie were given the nobel Prize for Physics.钋和镭都是重要的发现。钋用来引爆核弹。镭具有很强的射线，能深入到人的机体。科学家很快就发现镭可以用来治疗癌症。1903年玛丽和皮埃尔被授予诺贝尔物理奖。
However, there is also a disadvantage which was not discovered for many years.Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect on the blood.Pierre and Marie noticed that after years of working with radioactive matter their bodies ached and their hands suffered too.In fact, radium not only damaged their health but also made the laboratory equipment with which they were working radioactive.Three of the Curies' notebooks were considered to be too radioactive to touch seventy-five years after they were written.In 1906 Pierre died in a road accident.Marie was deeply shocked by pierre's death, but was determined to go on working.Soon after the accident, she was given Pierre's post at the University of Paris as head of the Physics Department.So Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be a university professor.In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes.然而，有一个缺点是多年未被发现的。从事放射性物质工作是危险的，因为它对血液有不良影响。皮埃尔和玛丽都注意到，从事多年研究放射性物质工作以后，他们都感到身体疼痛，手也受到了伤害。事实上，镭不仅损害了他们健康，而且还使他们工作的实验室设备也都具有放射性了。居里夫妇写过的三个笔记本，在经过75年后，还被认为有太强的放射性而不能触摸。1906年皮埃尔死于一场车祸。皮埃尔的逝世使玛丽极为震惊，但是，她仍然决心继续工作。在事故发生不久之后，玛丽被授予皮埃尔的职位，在巴黎大学任物理系主任，于是玛
丽·居里成为法国任大学教授的第一位女士。1911年由于她的研究，她再次获得诺贝尔奖，成为世界上第一位两次诺贝尔奖的获得者。
After the First World War Madame Curie travelled to the USA where she was received by the President and given a gram of radium for her future work.There were soon two Radium Institutes in the world, one in Paris and one in Warsaw.Marie was invited to many countries to give speeches about her work.For the last ten years of her life she was almost blind.The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused blindness and illness and finally a disease of the blood.She died in Paris at the age of 66.第一次世界大战后，居里夫人旅行去美国，受到了总统的接见，并被赠予一克镭，以供她今后工作之用。不久，在世界上就有了两个镭研究所，一个在巴黎，一个在华沙。玛丽应邀去过许多国家讲学，谈她的研究工作情况。在她生命的最后十年里，她几乎是失明了。她多年来从事研究的镭使她失明了，生病了，最后还得了血液病。她在巴黎去世，享年66岁。
Today she is remembered and admired as a scientist.But she is also remembered for her determination and courage, her willingness to share her knowledge, her interest in women' s rights, and her medical service during the war.今天，她作为科学家，受到了人们的纪念和赞赏。人们怀念她的还有她的决心和勇气，她乐意人们分享她的知识，她对妇女权利的关心，以及她在战争期间提供的医疗服务。
高三课文：Unit 09 Gymnastics Sharon is a gymnast.She is at the doctor's.莎伦是个体操运动员。她在诊所里。
DOCTOR: Good morning.What can I do for you?
医生：早上好。你哪里不舒服？
SHARON: There's something wrong with my left shoulder.I hurt it while I was doing gym.I've got a pain here too.莎伦：我的左肩疼痛。我做体操时受伤了。这里也疼。
DOCTOR: Let me take a look at your shoulder.Where does it hurt?
医生：让我看看你的肩膀。哪里疼？
SHARON: Here and here.And I can only move my arm as much as this.莎伦：这儿和这儿。我只能这样摆动手臂。DOCTOR: Mmm, I see.It feels a bit tense.(Gently moves her arm and shoulder.)what happened exactly?
医生：哦，我知道了。摸起来有点硬。（轻轻摆动她的手臂和肩膀。）到底发生了什么事？
SHARON: I was doing some exercises on the high-and-low bars.When I landed, I fell forward and hurt myself.Someone was standing too close and I knocked into him and fell over onto my shoulder.莎伦：我当时在高低杠上练习。落地时向前摔倒受了伤。有人站的离我太近，我撞在他身上，跌了一跤，肩膀也受了伤。
DOCTOR: It's nothing serious.I think you've been very fortunate.Have you ever used the hot-cloth-and-frozen-peas treatment?
医生：不要紧。我认为你非常幸运了。你用过热布---冻豌豆疗法吗？
SHARON: Frozen peas? No!
莎伦：冻豌豆？没有！
DOCTOR: It's quite simple.You put a very hot, wet cloth on your shoulder for one minute.Then put a packet of frozen peas on the shoulder for one minute.And so on and so on.医生：很简单。你把一块很热的湿布敷在肩膀上一分钟。然后把一包冻豌豆敷在肩膀上一分钟。这样反复几次。
SHARON: What does that do?
莎伦：这有什么用处呢？
DOCTOR: The change between hot and cold temperatures makes the blood move around the shoulder and the damaged parts begin to repair themselves.医生：冷热交替使肩膀周围的血液循环，受伤的部位开始自己修复。
SHARON: That sounds very interesting!I'll buy some frozen peas at the supermarket on my way home.莎伦：听起来很有趣！我回家时在超级市场买些冻豌豆。
DOCTOR: Use this treatment twice a day for a week.And another thing, at the end of the week, throw the frozen peas away.They won't be fit to eat.医生：一天治疗两次，一周为一个疗程。还有，一周以后要把冻豌豆扔掉。它们不能吃。
The words “gymnastics” and “gym” come from the Greek language, for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions started.There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries.Modern gymnastics began in the nineteenth century.In 1811 an outdoor gymnastics centre for men was opened in Berlin where they could do body-building and exercises on a high bar and other pieces of equipment.At the same time, gymnastics, without equipment, was developed in Sweden as a keep-fit programme for schools.gymnastics和gym这两个词都来自希腊文，因为奥林匹克竞赛正是从希腊开始的，中国以及其它一些亚洲国家也有体操表演的记载。现代体操运动开始于19世纪。1811年在柏林开了一个供男子用的户外体操中心，人们在那儿可以作健身操，练习单杠及其它器械体操。与此同时，瑞典还把无器械的体操运动列入了中小学的保健计划。
Dance is an important part of training as it prepares you for the types of movements required in gymnastics.One of the aims is to make the body stronger for jumps and turns and for movement of balance.It also helps your body bend forwards, backwards and sideways, and improves the way you hold your body.In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music, so dance, gymnastics and music are all connected.舞蹈是训练中的一个重要部分，因为它（指舞蹈）为你完成体操所需要的各种动作做了准备。目的之一是使体格强健，以适应弹跳、转体及平衡动作。舞蹈还可帮助你的身体前弯、后仰、两侧转动，而且还可以改进控制体态的方法。在竞赛中，女子表演某些体操动作还配有音乐，因此，舞蹈、体操和音乐三者融为一体。
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young.In fact, most gymnasts start with simple exercises while they are still at kindergarten.Girls are already performing in competitions by the age of ten, and Olympic medals are often won by fourteen-or fifteen-year-old girls.要成为最优秀的体操运动员，从小开始训练非常重要。事实上，多数体操运动员在幼儿园的时候就开始做简单的体操练习了。女孩子10岁就已经参加体操比赛，而奥林匹克的奖牌常常被14或15岁的女孩夺得。
Boys develop physically later than girls and so Olympic gymnastics medals are usually won by men between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five.Some pieces of equipment, for example the rings, require great physical strength and boys need to develop their bodies fully before attmepting such difficult exericses.男孩发育比女孩晚，因此，男子夺得奥林匹克体操奖牌的年龄段通常在19-25岁之间。有些器械，例如吊环，需要很强的体力。男孩子要在充分发育之后，才能尝试做这类难度大的练习。
In competitions, gymnasts have to perform on different pieces of equipment.All gymnasts perform on the floor and jump over a “horse” with four legs.Gymnasts have to show that they can move neatly and easily, hold a position steady, keep their balance while doing a handstand, and jump both forwards and backwards.在竞赛中，体操运动员必须在不同的器械上表演。所有的运动员都要表演自由体操，还要作跳马运动。在做双手倒立、前跟翻和后翻的动作时，他们都要能做到干净、利索、稳定、平衡。
Only men perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar, and on a type of “horse” with four legs which has two handles fixed to the top surface.Only women perform on the high-and-low bars, one of which is higher than the other, and the “beam”, which is a length of wood only four inches wide which is fixed at a height of 1.20 metres above the ground.Both men and women do floor exercises on the mat.只有男子参加吊环，双杠、单杠和鞍马（这个“马”有四条腿，背上安有两个把手）的比赛。只有女子参加高低杠（一根杆比另一根杆高）和平衡木的比赛（平衡木是一根只有四英寸宽的长木头，安在离地1.20米的高度）。自由体操则男女都做。
There are a few simple safety measures to follow while training.有几点简单的安全措施，训练时必须遵守： It is important always to work with a trainer.Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.1．训练时总要有教练在场，这一点很重要。你独自在体育馆训练可能会非常危险。Make sure you take off any watches, rings or necklaces before you start.2．开始训练前务必要把手表、戒指或项链取下。Wear tight clothing without collars or belts so that it doesn't catch on any of the equimpent.3．穿紧身衣服，无领，无腰带，以免挂住器械。Look after your health and do not practise if you are unwell or have any injury.4．保重好身体，如有不适或受伤，就不要进行练习。
It was a Sunday in October and Zhou Lan was performing in her first competition.Some of the other gymnasts had performed frequently in competitions, but this did not worry Zhou Lan.She was just content to do her best in this, her first competition.十月的一个星期天，周兰第一次参加比赛。其他的体操运动员中有些人过去多次参加过比赛，但这并没有使周兰犯愁。她只要在这次（也是她的第一次）比赛中尽了最大的努力，也就心满意足了。
Before the competition started, the girls chatted with each other.Some of them had come from different towns and were not used to being away from home.Zhou Lan started talking to one of them and soon they were getting on well together.As soon as the competition started, there was no more time for talk.They each had to perform on three pieces of equipment as well as the floor.Zhou Lan did well and made no serious mistakes.比赛开始之前，姑娘们彼此在聊天。他们中有的人来自不同的城镇，离开家还不大习惯。周兰开始同其中的一个姑娘谈起话来，他们很快就相处得很好。比赛一开始，就没有时间来谈话了。她们每个人既要表演自由体操，还得完成三项器械动作。周兰做得很好，没有出大的毛病。
Finally it was time for her performance on the high-and-low bars.She stood below them and waited.Then she looked at the judges, one of them nodded and she began.She jumped upwards, caught the high bar in both hands and did a neat circle.In all, she gave a very good performance and landed neatly and steadily on the floor at the end.最后轮到她表演高低杠了。她站在高低杠下等着。她看了一下裁判员，有位裁判点点头，她就开始表演了。她向上一跳，两手抓住了高杠，干净利索地翻转一圈。整个动作她都做得很好，最后落地也很干净、稳当。All the people watching clapped.It was clear that she had done well.Zhou Lan glanced at the judges who were busy writing on their mark sheets.She thought she had done fairly well, but she didn't think she had won.She went back to the bench to join the other gymnasts and sat down next to her new friend.所有的观众都鼓掌了。很明显，她的动作做得很出色。周兰瞅了一眼忙着在记分册上打分的裁判。她认为自己做得相当好，但没有想到获胜了。她回到长凳子那里去同其他运动员在一起，并坐在那位新朋友的旁边。
After a long wait, the results were announced, and Zhou Lan was first.Victory for Zhou Lan!She had gained more points than anyone else.Everyone cheered and clapped and her fellow gymnasts came up to congratulate her.She was delighted and very proud.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training.等了好一会儿才宣布成绩，周兰是第一名。周兰获胜了！她的得分比任何其他人都多。大家都欢呼、鼓掌。她的体操运动员伙伴们都过来向她祝贺。她很高兴，也很自豪。她所做的第一件事就是走到她的教练面前，感谢她在训练期间给予她的帮助。
高三课文：Unit 14 Roots Journey Into The Unknown
走向未知世界的旅程
Kunta wondered why the white people had done this to him.Born a free man, he was now in chains.Heavy iron chains around his feet and hands were fixed to a metal bar that ran round the hall about ten centimetres off the ground.He was just able to lie down on the ground, but could not stand up.孔塔不知道白人为什么要这样对待他。他生来本是个自由人，如今却戴上了镣铐。手上和脚上沉重的铁链拴在厅堂四周离地约有10厘米的金属杆上。他只能躺在地上，但不能站起来。
He sat in the darkness and listened to the people around him.One man had a head wound and was in pain.Another, whose language Kunta understood, was crying softly to himself.Kunta knew it was the middle of the night, for through the small open window high in the wall he could see stars.He could also hear night insects and the sound of waves on the shore.他坐在黑暗处，听着周围的人在讲话。有一个人头部受了伤，非常痛苦。另一个人在暗自轻声地哭诉，他的话孔塔听得懂。孔塔知道已经是半夜了，因为通过墙的上方开着的小窗，他能看到星星。他还能听到夜晚里昆虫的叫声和波浪拍击岸边的声音。
Kunta had been seized in the forest and then hit on the head with a hard object.When he woke up, his hands and feet had already been tied together.What shocked him most was that the men who carried him were black.He reasoned with them, and tried to persuade them to set him free.But they would not listen to him.When they came to the river, a white man was waiting in the boat for them.There was an argument about money, so it seemed, in a language that Kunta did not understand.Finally, Kunta was thrown into the bottom of the boat and covered with an old smelly cloth.The men took him in their boat to the castle on the coast where he was now held prisoner.孔塔在森林里被抓住以后，他的头部就被一个硬的东西打了一下。当他醒过来的时候，他的手脚已经被捆起来了。最使他感到惊奇的是，把他运走的人都是黑人。他跟这些人讲道理，试图说服他们把他放了，但是他们不听。当他们来到江边时，一个白人正在船上等着他们。看来他们在用孔塔听不懂的语言进行了一番讨价还价。最后孔塔被扔进船底，盖上一条臭气熏天的旧布单。这些人用船把他送到海岸上的城堡里，如今他被囚禁在这儿。
Another thing which shocked Kunta was that women were held in the castle too.He could hear their crying, also children's voices.What was to become of them all, he wondered.For all his life, he had known that people suddenly disappeared from their villages.He had known that it was not safe to travel alone in the forest near the coast.But why did white people want to catch Africans and put them in chains? Would they be killed or even eaten? The situation seemed hopeless and he knew his life was in danger.还有一件事使孔塔感到惊奇，这就是关在城堡里的还有妇女。他可以听到妇女们的哭声，还有孩子们的声音。他们这些人会怎么样呢？他感到很纳闷。他一生中，听说过有的人突然间在他们的村庄失踪了；也听说过独自一人在海边的森林里走是不安全的。但是为什么白人要把非洲人抓起来，戴上镣铐呢？他们会被杀死，甚至会被吃掉吗？这种情况看来是毫无希望了，他知道他有生命危险。
Worse was to come.A few days later about 140 black people were taken and put on a tall sailing ship waiting off the coast.Once on the boat, they were taken bolow and their chains were fixed to two bars that ran the length of the ship.Their feet were fixed to one bar and their hands to another bar.Thus they lay on hard wooden boards, unable to stand up or move around.更糟的事就要发生了。几天以后，大约140名黑人被带到一艘停靠在海岸边的大帆船上。一上船，他们就被带进底舱，他们的镣铐就被拴在两根从船的一头伸到另一头的铁杆上。他们的脚拴在一根铁杠上，他们的手拴在另外一根铁杆上。这样，他们就躺在硬木板上，既不能站立起来，也不能活动。
The sea journey lasted over sixty days and nights.They had rough weather, and Kunta's back bled from rolling over on the hard wooden boards.Many of the men fell sick with fever.They sighed and cried out for more water, but food and water were only given out once a day.Once in a while sailors came down, Kunta thought, to carry sick men upstairs for treatment.When the ship finally arrived in a port, the wooden cover was opened wide and Kunta could see in daylight for the first time across the part of the ship where he had been chained.About a third of the people who had been chained up below at the beginning of the journey were missing.海上航行持续了60多个昼夜。他们经历了恶劣的天气，孔塔的背部由于在硬木板上滚动而流了血。许多人因发烧而病倒。他们叹息着，嚷着要水喝，而水和食物每天只发放一次。偶尔水手下来，孔塔猜想是把生病的人抬上去进行治疗。当船终于到达一个港口时，木盖打开了，孔塔这才第一次在日光下扫视了他被拴在那儿的那一部分船舱。旅程开始时拴在下边的人大约有三分之一已经不见了。
There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley.In his youth, his father and grandfather often told him stories about their family history.A long time ago, one of his ancestors who lived in Africa went into the forest to cut down a tree to make a drum.He was caught, put in chains, and sent to America as a slave.On his arrival he was sold to a farmer and worked in the fields.He tried to escape but was followed and caught.The farmer cut off part of his foot to make sure he could not run away again.有一位住在美国的记者兼作家，名叫亚历克斯·哈利。年轻时，他的父亲和祖父常常同他说起他们的家史。很久以前，他那生活在非洲的祖先中有一人走进森林去砍树来做鼓。他被抓住了，带上镣铐，送到美国当奴隶。一到美国，他就被卖给了一个农场主，到地里干活。他曾经试图逃跑，但是被人追上来抓住了。农场主把他的一只脚砍掉了一块，以确保他不能再逃跑。
When he became a writer, Haley made up his mind to find out more about his ancestors.“I want to find out more about my 'roots,'” he said.He did a lot of research and travelled around the USA looking for information about his ancestors.In this way he was able to find out where they lived, how many chidren they had, and where they died and were buried.He collected tetters and made copies of people's diaries.哈利当了作家后，就下家决心要进一步了解祖先的情况。他常常说：“我想要更多地探寻我的'根'。”他作了大量的研究，在美国跑了许多地方，了解有关祖先的情况。就这样，他了解到祖先的住处，有多少孩子，死在何处，葬在哪里。他收集到一些信件，复印了一些人的日记。
But Haley was not satisfied.He did not know from which part of Africa his ancestor had come.All he knew was that his African ancestor taught his son and grandson the words in his own language for “river” and “guitar”.但是哈利并不满足于这些。他不知道祖先来自非洲的什么地方。他所知道的只是非洲祖先用自己的语言教给儿孙们的“江”和“吉他”这两个词。
On day Haley met and African who was from Gambia, a small country on the west coast of Africa.This person recognized the words for “river” and “guitar,” and so Haley thought that his ancestor must have come from Gambia.有一天，哈利碰到一位非洲人，他来自冈比亚--非洲西海岸的一个小国。这个人认出了表示“江”和“吉他”的这两个词，于是哈利就认为他的祖先准是来自冈比亚。
His newspaper provided him with some money in order that he might travel to Gambia for his research.The moment he reached the country, he started his search.He discovered that there was a group in the east of the country that shared the same family namebecause he was the father of the Indian nation of the twentieth century.Even before India won independence from its British rulers, it was clear that Gandhi was the key figure and leader in the struggle of 380 million Indians to govern themselves.他被人们称为“巴普”，意国是“父亲”--因为他是20世纪的印度民族之父。甚至在印度从英国统治下获得独立之前，在3.8亿印度人民争取自治的斗争中，甘地很显然是位关键人物与领袖。
Mohandas Gandhi was born in India in 1869 and was married at the age of 13, following local custom.In September 1888 at the age of 19, he sailed to England and after three years' study became a lawyer.On his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case.This experience was to change his life.莫汉达斯·甘地1869年出生于印度，按照当地的风俗，他13岁时就结了婚。1888年9月，他19岁时乘船去了英国，并在3年的学习之后成为一名律师。一回到印度，他就得到一个去南非办理一桩法律案件的机会。这一经历后来改变了他的生活。
At this period Indians living in South Africa were badly treated by South African whites, and very few of them had the right to vote.Gandhi was thrown off a train and later a mail bus for insisting on travelling in the whites-only section.He was so shocked by this lack of equality and fairness that he formed an organization leading the Indians' struggle for equal rights.He quickly became the leader.在那一时期，居住在南非的印度人受到南非白人的虐待，他们当中有选举权的寥寥无几。旅行时，甘地因为坚持要坐白人座位，曾经先后两次被从一列火车与一辆邮车里扔出来。不平等与不公正使他如此震惊，他因此创办了一个领导印度人为争取平等权利而斗争的组织。他很快就成了领袖。
For twenty years Gandhi played an important role in working for equal rights for Indians.He wrote about socialism in newspapers and started a magazine called “Indian Opinion”.When he returned to India he spoke in public about the situation in South Africa.South Africa passed further laws designed to make life difficult for non-whites.All the Indins over the age of 8 had to carry their permits at all times.The Indians declared that this “Pass Law” was unfair.Some of them publicly burnt their permits and many of them were put in prison.Other Indians were killed when police officers fiercely attacked their political marches.Finally, as a result of the unrest among the Indian population, the leader of South Africa had to give in.Gandhi won his first non-violent struggle against racial discrimination.二十多年间，甘地在为印度人民争取平等权利的奋头中发挥了很重要的作用。他在报纸上撰文报导社会主义并且创办了一份叫做《印度之声》的杂志。当他加到印度之后，他还就南非的形势公开发表演说。而南非则通过了更多的法令，企图给非白种人的生活造成困难。所有8岁以上的印度人无论什么时候都得携带许可证。印度人宣称，这个“通行证法领”是不公平的，他们当中一些人公开把自己的许可证烧毁了，很多人也因此而被关进监狱。警察官员们猛烈攻击印度人的政治游行时，另一些印度人被杀害。但由于印度居民中的这一场骚乱，最终，南非首脑不得不屈服。甘地赢得了第一次反种族歧视的非暴力斗争的胜利。
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.Over the next thirty-two years he fought for human rights and the rights of workers who were badly treated by their employers.Finally, he demanded an end to the British rule over India and independence for his country.Because of his revolutionary views, he spent many years in prison.He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points.He encouraged Indians to start making their own cotton cloth and to refuse to buy cloth made in England.Thousands joined him when he led a march to the coast, with the purpose of “making a little salt” when he reached the sea.At that time only the British government had the right to sell salt, which was taxed, so Gandhi encouraged the whole nation to make their own salt.Following this, 60,000 Indians,including Gandhi, were put in prison.In the end this political movement succeeded and Indians were allowed to make and sell salt.甘地于1915年回到印度时，被推崇为英雄。在后来的32年多的时间里，他一直为争取人权及那些受雇主虐待的工人们的权利而斗争。最后，他要求结束英国对印度的统治，为他的祖国争取独立。由于他的革命观点，他在监狱里度过了许多年。他有一种天赋，能想出很多办法阐明其政治观点。他鼓励印度人民自己着手纺纱织布，并拒绝购买英国纺织的棉布。为了“生产一点盐”，他带领游行队伍向海滨前进，当他们到达海滨时，成千上万的人参加了进来。那时，只有英国政府有权出售盐，而且盐是要征税的。于是甘地鼓励所有的国民自己生产盐。在这之后，60，000印度人，包括甘地，都被关进监狱。但最终这场政治运动以印度人获准生产与销售盐而告成功。
Many other struggles followed.Finally, India won her independence on August 15th, 1947, but Gandhi himself was shot five months later by an Indian who opposed his views.He died on January 30th, 1948.接着还爆发了很多其他斗争。印度终于在1947年8月15日获得独立，但甘地本人却在5个月后被一个反对他的观点的印度人枪杀。他于1948年1月30日逝世。
Gandhi was much more than a clever lawyer, a fine speaker, a determined fighter for human rights and a political leader.He was a model of a different kind of political leader.The secret lies in the title of the book which he wrote about his early life, “The story of my experiments with truth.” He felt free to talk about his failures or his difficulties.Where he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly.甘地远不只是一位聪明的律师，优秀的演说家，坚定的人权战士与政治领导人。他还是一个与从不同的政治领袖的典范。秘密在于他写的那本关于他自己早期生活的《我体验真理的故事》一书。他可以随便谈论自己的失败或困境。无论在哪里犯了错误，他都乐于承认。Above all, he refused to make any personal gain from his political work.Before he returned to India, he decided to live as a poor man and not to possess wealth.When he travelled across India, he travelled “hard-seat, unreserved”, together with peasants and other ordinary people.In cities he refused to travel in a rickshaw, a two-wheeled cart pulled by a bare-footed man.He ate simply, and never ate meat.He rose early in the morning and worked at his wheel, making cotton thread.He believed that everyone should be prepared to do heavy work, from the leaders to the poorest peasants.尤其是，他拒绝从所从事的政治事业中谋取个人利益。在回印度之前，他已决心过穷人一样的生活，不占有财富。当他穿越印度旅行时，他与农民及其他普通人一起乘坐“没有被预定的硬座”。在城里，他拒绝乘坐那种赤脚车夫拉的两轮人力车。他吃得很简单，且从不吃肉。他每天早晨早早就起床，转动纺车，纺棉纱。他认为从领袖到最穷苦的农民，每个人都该乐于从事重体力劳动。
He was interested in all spiritual matters, not only in the Indian gods.He read many books and paused in his work at six every evening for prayers, even when he was with other world leaders.One day a week he would spend the whole day in silence.All his life he reached out for the truths of spirits and gods.他不仅仅对印度的神灵，而且对所有的宗教事务都感兴趣。他阅读很多的书，每天傍晚六点钟，他就要暂时停下工作去做祈祷，甚至与世界上别的领袖在一起时也这样。每周有一天他是在沉默无语中度过的。他的一生都在追求神灵的真谛。
Gandhi believed that one should be able to “love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself.” Gandhi hated the custom that had divided Hindu society into separate groups for thousands of years and his goal was to end this.He became a supporter of the poorest group in society, who did the lowest-paid jobs.Because of his actions, all Hindus were finally free to draw water from the same village well, to go to the same temple to pray and even marry each other.甘地认为一个人应能“像爱他自己一样去爱世界上最普通的人。甘地痛恨那种几千年来把印度社会分成种姓的习惯，而他的目的就是要结束这种局面。他成为社会中那些从事工资最低的工作的，最穷种姓的支持者。由于他的行动，所有的印度人均可自由地从同一个村井打水，去相同的寺庙做祈祷，甚至还可相互通婚。
Gandhi paid great attention to the equality of women.Perhaps his greatest belief was in an Indian phrase which he called ”the force of truth“.If an unfair law existed,it was the duty of everyone to disobey this law, but without using violence.People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs, but they should never take up arms to fight.甘地很关注妇女的平等。也许他最大的信仰就在他称之为”真理的力理“这一印度隽语里。如果存在一个不公平的法律--而且在印度与南非的英国统治者已经通过了许多这样的法律--那么不遵守这一法律是每个人的责任，但不要使用暴力。为了信仰，人民应该准备去蹲监狱，但决不应该拿起武器去斗争。
The death of Gandhi gave India a chance to mourn and express how he had become ”father“ to all Indians.Millions watched the slow march that took his body through the capital.A further million watched as the fire, following Indian custom, turned his body to ashes.Twelve days later, millions more Indians lined the railway tracks as a slow train took the jar containing his ashes 584 kilometres to a place by the river.Three million people watched as the ashes of this great man were gently poured into the brown waters of the river that would carry them to the ocean.甘地之死给印度一个悼念的机会，让人们表达他是怎样成为全印度人民的”父亲“的。数百万人注视着缓慢的送葬队伍抬着他的遗体通过首都。还有上百万人看着将他的遗体按印度习惯火化成骨灰。12天后，当一列慢车将盛有甘地骨灰的坛子驶向584公里外，靠近恒河的一个地方时，又有数百万人排列的铁路两旁，夹道送行。还有300万人守望着这位伟人的骨灰缓缓撒入褐以的恒河，河水把他的骨灰送向大海。
At the time of his death, one person praised him as follows: ”Future generations, it may be, will hardly believe that such a person as this walked upon this earth.“ The speaker was Albert Einstein.在他逝世时，有人对他作了如下赞誉：”未来的几代人有可能难以相信，在这个世间曾经有这样的一个人行走过。"这位演讲者就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。
第二篇：小学六年级英语自我介绍（英汉对照）
小学六年级英语自我介绍一：
hello, everyone, it's my honor to stand here introducing myself.大家好，很高兴有机会在这里介绍我自己。
My name is xxx, from Class 2, Grade six,xxxx primary School.我是xxx，xx小学六年级2班的学生。
I'm doing well in my study, besides I'm the monitor of my class and I get on well with my classmates.我学习成绩优秀，是班上的班长并且我和同学们相处很融洽。
I'm a happy and talented girl.I'm good at drawing and many of my drawings have won prizes.At the same time, I like telling stories.我是一个开朗又多才多艺的女孩，画画是我最擅长的，曾多次或奖。同时我还很会讲故事。
I'm interested in learning English very much, and I believe that I will do well in future.I won't let you down!
我很喜欢学习英语，我相信我会表现的出色，我不会让大家失望的。
Thanks for your listening.谢谢你们的聆听。
小学六年级英语自我介绍二：
Hello,everybody.大家好
My name's().我的名字叫()
I'm in Class()Grade six of()school.我在()学校6年级()班级
I'm tall(short).I'm()centimeters.我很高(矮)，我()厘米。
I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语
Beacuse English is interesting.因为英语很有趣。
So my English is very good.所以，我的英语很好。
I acquire many award.我获得过很多奖项。
I hope that every of you will love me。希望大家能喜欢我。
第三篇：考博英语作文 英汉双语对照
考博英语作文范文 英汉双语对照
Examination
Therearemanyargumentsabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexamination.Somepeoplethinkexaminationisthebestwaytotesthowexaminers have mastered what they have studied and it is the only measurement for examiners to
selectwhichpersonstheyneed.Whileontheotherhand,http:// someobjectthat examination can’t measure how the students have really studied.They say it can do nothing but burden the students.As forme,Ithinkfor bothexaminersand examinees, theexaminationcanshow what and how much the examinees have mastered.The result of examinations are just likemirrors for
bothexaminersandexaminees.Throughexaminationtheexaminees can check their work and get aware of which aspects they have not done well, so that they’ll make much improvement in their work.http: As far as examinees are concerned,theycannotonlyknowhowtheyhavestudiedbutalsofindoutwhattheyarestill unknownorwhattheyhaven’t mastered well.Thus they will be inspired to greater
effortstoimprovetheirstudyingmethodsso http:// astomakegreaterprogress.Ofcourse too many examinations are burdens to both examiners and examinees.Insum,theexaminationdoesmoregoodthanharmforboththeexaminersand examinees.We musttake acorrect attitude towardexamination.Weshouldtakefull advantage of it and avoid its disadvantage.考试的利与弊
有关考试的利与弊大家众说纷纭。支持者认为，考试是检验考生是否掌握所学知识的最佳方式，也是考官选拔所需人才的唯一标尺。反对者则辩称，考试无法反映出学生真实的学习效果，只是增加学生负担。
我认为，考试能让考生了解自己学到了什么、学了多少。考试结果就像一面镜子。对于考官而言，通过考试反省自己的教学工作，查缺补漏，提高 教学水平。对于考生而言，通过考试了解自己的学习情况，不懂或遗漏的知识赶紧弥补。当然，如果考试过于频繁势必成为考生和考官的负担。
总之，对于考生和考官而言，考试利大于弊。面对考试，我们需秉持正确的态度，取其精华去其糟粕。
第四篇：中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (20)
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 21.The art of public Speaking.公共演讲的艺术 已经出过阅读理解，复习时以语法为主。
1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.将来某个时候,过去某个时间] in your life.When it does, you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking.Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing[(organize):vt.组织] your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully[技巧的].The training is invaluable[adj.communication[n.交流，交际].非常宝贵的]
for every type of
1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
分析：；effective有效地，efficient效率高的；
sometime某个时候，some time 一些时间，sometimes有时候，some times一些次数； even if =即使； present V.介绍，赠给，展现，a.出席的，到场的； invaluable=priceless 无价的，非常宝贵的，valueless=worthless没有价值的；
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 单词：effective= 有效的； sometime=某一时刻； gain=获得； topic=主题；organiz=组织； present=表现； skillfully=技巧地；invaluable=无价之宝； communication=交流
2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] between public speaking and daily conversation[n.谈话；交谈].The three major[a.主要的] goals of speaking-to inform[vt.传达], to persuade[vt.说服；to entertain[娱乐]-are also the three major 劝说], goals of everyday conversation.In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ[vt.使用] a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧].You organize[vt.组织] your ideas logically[符合逻辑的].You tailor[vt.修改] your message to your audience[n.听众].You tell a story for maximum[最大量(的)] impact[n.You adapt[v.使适应,使适合]影响].to feedback[n.回授,反馈] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧] you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。演说的三个主要目的是：传达、说服、吸引，这些也是日常交谈的三个主要目的。在交谈中，你已经不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有条理地组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。你从听众的反馈中改变自己。这些是你在公开演讲时所需要的最重要的技巧。
分析：adapt to＝适应，adopt收养，采纳；
employ雇用, employer 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 雇主，employee雇员；
单词：similarity＝类似；daily＝日常的； conversation＝交谈； inform＝传达；persuade＝说服；entertain＝吸引； conversation＝交谈； employ＝使用； skill＝技巧；organize＝组织；logically＝逻辑；tailor＝修改； audience＝听众；maximum＝最大限度；impact＝效果； feedback＝反馈；
3.Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation.First, public speaking is more highly structured[(structure):v.结构
]
than conversation.It usually imposes[(impose):v.强加] strict time limitations[(limitation):n.限制] on the speaker, and it requires[(require):vt.需要；要求] more detailed[详细的] preparation[n.准备] than does ordinary[adj.普通的] conversation.Second, speechmaking requires more formal language.Listeners react negatively[(negative):a.消极的]
to speeches loaded[装载] with slang[n.俚语], jargon[n.行话], and bad grammar.Third, public speaking demands[(demand):vt.要求]
a different method[n.方法，of delivery[n.演讲风格].Effective[adj.办法]
有效的] speakers adjust[v.调整]
their voices to the larger audience[n.听众] and work at avoiding[(avoid):v.避免] distracting[分散] physical[a.身体的]
mannerism[n.特殊习惯] and verbal[adj.口头的]
habits[(habit):n.习惯；习性].3、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 高的组织结构性。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制，故此它需要比普通交谈更细致的准备。其次，公开演说需要使用正式语言。听众对充满俚语、行话、和语法错误的讲话反应消极。第三，公开演说需要用一种不同声调和姿势。有影响力的演说者调整他的声调去面对大量的观众，力求避免分散人注意力的身体习惯动作，力求避免习惯性口头语。
分析：impose on把…加于； adjust to调整，调节； 单词：structure＝结构； impose＝强加； limitation＝限制；require＝需要；detailed＝详细的；preparation ＝准备；ordinary＝普通； formal＝正式； negatively＝消极； slang＝俚语；jargon＝行话； demand＝需要； delivery＝说话方式；effective＝有效的； avoid＝避免；distract＝转移； mannerism＝特殊习惯；verbal=口头的；
4.One of the major concerns[(concern):n.忧虑,焦虑] of students in any speech class is stage[n.舞台] fright[n.惊恐].Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech.Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence[n.信心] and make your nervousness[(nervous):神经过敏]
work for you rather than against you.You will take a big step toward overcoming[(overcome):v.战胜,克服] stage[n.舞台] fright[n.惊恐] if you think positively[(positive):adj.积极的], choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly[adv.完全地]，and 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html concentrate[v.集中] on communicating[交流] with your audience[n.听众].Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence[n.信心] in your speechmaking abilities[(ability):n.能力].4、在任何一个演讲教室里，学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台。事实上，最成功的演说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张。你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信心的机会，让你的紧张的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你。如果你能这样积极地考虑，你将会朝着战胜怯场的方向迈进一大步：选择你真正关心的演讲主题，充分地准备，集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的许多同学一样，你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心。
单词：major＝主要； concern＝关心； stage fright＝怯场；actually＝事实上； nervous＝紧张的； confidence＝信心； nervousness ＝神经过敏； overcome＝克服； positively＝积极地； thoroughly＝十分地；concentrate on＝集中； audience＝听众； ability＝能力.5.The speech communication process[n.步骤] as a whole includes[(include):vt.包含；包括] seven elements-speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback[n.反馈,], interference[n.干扰], and situation[n.形势；情况].The speaker is the person who initiates[(initiate):v.开始,发起] a speech transaction[n.事务].Whatever[无论什么] the speaker communicates[传达] is the message, which is sent by means of a particular[adj.特殊的；特别的] channel.大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html The listener receives the communicated message and may provide[vt.提供] feedback[n.反馈] to the speaker.Interference[n.干扰] is anything that impedes[(impede):v.妨碍] the communication of a message, and the situation[n.形势；情况] is the time and place in which speech[n.演讲] communication[n.交流，交际] occurs[(occur):vi.The interaction[n.相互作用] of these seven elements[(element):n.发生].要素,基本构成部分] is what determines[(determine):决定；决心] the outcome[n.结果,效果] in any instance[n.例子,事例] of speech communication.5、语言交流的过程，整体而言包括七个要素：演说者、信息、沟通途径、听众、反馈、外界干扰、和现场形态。演说者是演讲事件的开始者。演说者传递的是信息，它必经某种特定沟通途径传送出去。听众接受传达到的信息，并且向演说者提供反馈。外界干扰是妨碍信息沟通的任何事物，而现场形态是演说发生的时间和地点。这七个要素的相互作用决定任何情况下演说交流的效果。
分析：by means of用，依靠； anything that(定语从句的用法)； 单词：process＝过程； include＝包括；element＝要素； channel＝渠道；feedback＝反馈；interference＝干扰；situation＝现场情形； initiate＝ 发起；transaction＝事件； communicate＝沟通；impede＝阻止； occur＝发生；interaction＝相互作用； element＝要素； determine＝决定； instance＝实例
6.Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html it heavy
ethical[adj.道德的]
responsibilities[(responsibility):n.责任].Ethical[adj.道德的] speakers use sound means to achieve[vt.完成；达到] sound goals.They do this by being well informed[(inform):vt.告诉，about their subjects by being honest[adj.诚实的；正直的] in 通知]
what they say, by using sound[正确的] evidence[n.证据], and by employing[(employ):vt.使用] valid[a.有效的;正当的] reasoning[推理].6、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态，它承载着很重的道德责任。有道德的演说者用声音的方式去实现声音的目的。他们通过很好阐述他们的主题、通过诚实于他们所说的话、通过使用可靠的论据、以及通过正确的评论做这件事。
单词：ethical＝道德 ；responsibility＝责任； achieve＝达到； evidence＝证据；valid＝正确的；
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/forum-346-1.html
第五篇：新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第2册课文翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第2册课文翻译
UNIT1
1.美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
2.人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
3.外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
4.许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
5.因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。因此，我们把大多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。
6.就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。然而现在人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面，开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。
7.美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、购物和获得各种信息。电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。
8.有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同的其他国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。因此，人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。通常情
况下，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作开展起来”
UNIT
21.尼克莱·彼得罗维奇·安尼金一点都不像我想象的那么吓人。不，他不可能是我父亲特地送我来见的那位前苏联教练。
2.可他的确是尼克莱·彼得罗维奇·安尼金本人。他请我进门，在沙发上坐下，又拍了拍身边的垫子，让我坐在他旁边。在他面前，我真的很紧张。
3.“你还年轻，”他的英语带着俄语口音：“如果你愿意试着向奥林匹克运动会进军，我想你能行。长野奥运会来不及参加了，但你可以准备参加2002年盐湖城奥运会。”
4.“完全可以，不是吗？”看到我脸上惊愕的表情，他又说道。我那时是一个很有前途的业余滑雪运动员，但在国内决不是顶尖选手。“当然，你需要进行很多艰苦的训练，你会哭鼻子，但你一定会进步的。”
5.的确，后来我经历了无数痛苦的训练，还为此流了不少眼泪。但在后来的五年里，我总能从尼克莱讲的有趣故事和他的幽默感中得到鼓励。
6.他开始总是说：“我的朋友们常去看电影，去跳舞，去和女孩子约会，”然后他会压低嗓门接着说：“我就在运动场上训练、训练、再训练。第二年，我的15公里滑雪比赛成绩缩短了1.5分钟。”
7.“朋友们问我：‘尼克莱，你怎么做到的呢？’我回答：‘你们去看电影、跳舞、和女孩子约会，而我一直在训练、训练、再训练。’”
8.故事通常到这儿就结束了。但有一次──后来我们知道那天是他结婚25周年纪念日──他穿着一件旧的毛衣，很自豪地站着，微笑着轻声说道：“告诉你们，我可是在26岁那年才第一次亲吻女孩子。她后来就和我结了婚。”
9.不管他是不是懂得浪漫，尼克莱知道什么是爱。他以一贯的幽默、默默的感恩、敏锐的感觉和真诚的态度为爱设立了奥林匹克般的标准。即使在我结束了滑雪生涯之后，我仍一直努力去达到那个标准。
10.但他又从不娇惯我。二月里的一天，我头很疼，感到十分疲倦。我在一片空地上遇见了他，在寒风中的雪地里滑了大概十五分钟后，我赶上了他，有点小题大做地说：“嘿，尼克莱，我感觉我要死了。”
11.“如果活到一百岁，人人都会死的，”他对我的痛苦无动于衷，态度坚决地接着说：“但你现在必须滑、滑、再滑。”
12.在滑雪板上，我照他说的去做。但在其他事情上我会反抗他。在一次经费并不宽裕的滑雪露营活动中，他让我们十个人挤在一个单身汉住的芬兰式屋子里。第一天我们醒来时发现尼克莱正在做早餐。然后我们坐在临时拼凑起来的椅子上，围着张小小的牌桌，用勺子很快地吃完早饭。吃完后，尼克莱把摞起来的油腻腻的碗向我和我唯一的另一个女队友前一推，武断地说：“女孩子们，现在去洗碗吧！”
13.我把餐巾往地上一扔，向他骂道：“让该死的男孩子们去洗吧！这不公平！”他没再让我去洗碗，也没对我的大发脾气显得太在意。他只在滑雪时才显露出强烈的情感。
14.训练的时候，他会岁着我们迈步的节奏大声发出指令：“对，就这样，一二三，一二
三。”
我祖父的一个好朋友──一位上了年纪的女士──看了尼克莱带我训练的录像带后问道：“他也教舞蹈吗？”
15.在训练时，我一刻不停地纠正着尼克莱指出的错误。每完成一个动作，我都会问他自己是否有了进步。
16.“是的，还行。但如果膝盖能屈得更快些就更好了。”
17.“可我滑得够快了吗？”我坚持问他。
18.最后他会皱起眉头说：“你得无数次地重复，动作才能达到完美。”他提醒我“必须
有耐心”，言语之间流露出“我已经告诉过你无数次了”的意思。
19.尼克莱的耐心和我的勤奋使我赢得了全国第四名的好成绩，并开始为奥运会季前赛做准备。但后来我没能被选拔去参加2002年奥运会。
20.去年夏天，我回去拜访尼克莱。他给我沏了茶......还自己洗了碗！我们坐在沙发上聊天。
怀念起前一年的奥林匹克队，我一时沉默，回想起自己曾经获得的一切──很重要的一点就是我和这个穿着颇具热带风情衬衫、个子不高的男人之间形成了并不张扬但又牢不可摧的纽带。
21.尼克莱教会我即使需要无数次的努力，也要凭借勇气、热情和严格的纪律来坚持下去。他还教会我为了能在这世界上生活一辈子而预先心存感激，并每天提醒自己：即便面临许多挑战，“现在心里有的必须是爱、爱、爱。”
UNIT 3
1.我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重时常常出现的。但在这整整两年间，我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点。
2.我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系，还教会了我们要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是，她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。
3.对于成为居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我们俩永不枯竭的力量源泉。
4.许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚，结果在10年、20年或30年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解，他们忽视了严重的性格差异，指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。事实更说明了这一点：已经结婚35年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变，这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击，并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态的关系造成了负面影响。
5.当盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的关系，甚至还开过玩笑，问我们打算何时结婚，这样她就可以抱外孙了。但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时，她没有向我们表示祝贺，反而劝盖尔想清楚自己的决定是否正确。
6.“这么说我跟他约会没错，但是如果我跟他结婚，就错了。妈妈，是不是因为他的肤色？”盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母亲。
7.“首先我必须承认，刚开始时我对异族通婚是有保留意见的，也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。但是当我见到马克时，我发现他是一个既讨人喜欢又聪明的年轻人。任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。所以，这事跟肤色没有关系。是的，我的朋友们会说闲话。有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。但他们的生活与我们的不同。因此你要明白，马克的肤色不是问题。我最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样，为了错误的原因而嫁给马克。当年我和你爸爸相遇时，在我眼中，他可爱、聪明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鲜、那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为，我们的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切迹象都表明我们的婚姻会天长地久。直到后来我才明白，在我们结婚时，我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。”
8.“但我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了，”盖尔抱怨道。“我俩一起经历了许许多多的事情。我们彼此多次看到对方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。”
9.“你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才25岁。”
10.盖尔的父亲戴维——我还未见过他的面——以知事莫若父的态度对待我们的决定。他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题相同：“干吗这么匆忙？这个马克是什么人？他是什么公民身份？”当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时，就怀疑我是因为想留在美国而娶他女儿的。
11.“不过爸爸，你这话讲得太难听了，”盖尔说。
12.“那么干吗要这样着急？”他重复地问。
13.“马克是有公民身份方面的问题，但他总是在自己处理这些问题，”盖尔辩解道。“事实上，当我们在讨论结婚的时候，他清楚地表明了一点：如果我对任何事情有怀疑，我完全可以取消我们的计划。”
14.她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率比同族结婚的要高，而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族通婚夫妇的例子。
15.他问道：“你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗？”
16.“爸爸，你是种族主义者吗？”
17.“不，当然不是。但你必须得现实一点。”
18.“也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢？可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有，那就是我们的爱。”
19.“那是理想主义的想法。人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。”
20.“爸爸，到时候我们自己会操心的。但是假如我们在做什么事之前，就必须把所有的疑难问题全部解决的话，那么我们几乎什么都干不成了。”
21.“记住，你什么时候改变主意都不晚。”
UNIT 4
1.大中央车站问询处桌子上方的数字钟显示：差六分六点。约翰·布兰福德，一个年轻的高个子军官，眼睛盯着大钟，看确切的时间。六分钟后，他将见到一位在过去13个月里在他生命中占有特殊位置的女人，一位他素未谋面、却通过书信始终给予他力量的女人。
2.在他自愿参军后不久，他收到了一本这位女子寄来的书。随书而来的还有一封信，祝他勇敢和平安。他发现自己很多参军的朋友也收到了这位名叫霍利斯·梅内尔的女子寄来的同样的书。他们所有的人都从中获得了勇气，也感激她对他们为之战斗的事业的支持，但只有他给梅内尔女士回了信。在他启程前往海外战场战斗的那天，他收到了她的回信。站在即将带他进入敌人领地的货船甲板上，他一遍又一遍地读着她的来信。
3.13个月来，她忠实地给他写信。即使没有他的回信，她仍然一如既往地写信给他，从未减少过。在那段艰苦战斗的日子里，她的信鼓励着他，给予他力量。收到她的信，他就仿佛感到自己能存活下去。一段时间后，他相信他们彼此相爱，就像是命运让他们走到了一起。
4.但当他向她索要照片时，她却婉然拒绝。她解释道：“如果你对我的感情是真实和真诚的，那么我长什么样又有什么关系呢。假如我很漂亮，我会因为觉得你爱的只是我的美貌而时时困扰，那样的爱会让我厌恶。假如我相貌平平，那我又会常常害怕你只是出于寂寞和别无他选才给我写信的。不管是哪种情况，我都会阻止自己去爱你。当你来纽约见我时，你可以做出自己的决定。记住，那时候我们两个人都可以自由选择停止或继续下去──如果那是
我们的选择„„”
5.差一分六点„„布兰福德的心怦怦乱跳。
6.一名年轻女子向他走来，他立刻感到自己与她之间存在着一种联系。她身材修长而苗条，漂亮的金色长发卷曲在小巧的耳后。她的眼睛如蓝色的花朵，双唇间有着一种温柔的坚毅。她身穿别致的绿色套装，犹如春天般生气盎然。
7.他向她迎去，完全忘记了她并没有佩戴玫瑰。看他走来，她的嘴角露出一丝热情的微笑。
8.“当兵的，跟我同路？”她问道。
9.他不由自主地向她靠近了一步。然后，他看见了霍利斯·梅内尔。
10.她就站在那少女的身后，一位四十好几的女人，头发斑斑灰白。在年轻的他的眼里，梅内尔简直就是一块活脱脱的化石。她不是一般的胖，粗笨的双腿移动时摇摇晃晃。但她棕色的外衣上戴着一朵红色的玫瑰。
11.绿衣少女快速地走过，很快消失在了雾中。布兰福德觉得自己的心好像被压缩成一个小水泥球，他多想跟着那女孩，但又深深地向往那位以心灵真诚地陪伴他、带给他温暖的女人；而她正站在那里。现在他可以看见，她苍白而肥胖的脸上透着和善与智慧。她灰色的眼中闪烁着温暖和善良。
12.布兰福德克制住跟随年轻女子而去的冲动，尽管这样做并不容易。他的手抓着那本在他去战场前她寄给他的书，为的是让霍利斯·梅内尔认出他。这不会成为爱情，但将成为一样珍贵的东西，一样可能比爱情更不寻常的东西──一份他一直感激、也将继续感激的友情。
13.他向那个女人举起书。
14.“我是约翰·布兰福德，你──你就是霍利斯·梅内尔吧。我非常高兴你能来见我。我能请你吃晚餐么？”那女人微笑着。“我不知道这到底是怎么回事，孩子，”她答道：“那位穿绿色套装的年轻女士──刚走过去的那位──请求我把这朵玫瑰别在衣服上。她说如果你邀请我和你一起出去，我就告诉你她在公路附近的那家大餐厅等你。她说这是一种考验。”
UNIT 5
1.我女儿抽烟。她做作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，计算器嗒嗒地跳出几何题的答案。我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在手边的“骆驼”牌香烟。我拿起香烟，走到厨房里去仔细察看，那里的光线好一点──谢天谢地，香烟是有过滤嘴的。我心里十分难过。我想哭。事实上，我确实哭过。我站在炉子旁边，手里捏着一支雪白的香烟，制作得非常精致，但那可是会致我女儿于死地的东西啊。当她抽“万宝路”及“普雷厄尔”牌香烟时，我硬起心肠，不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中没有人抽这两种牌子的香烟。
2.她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是“骆驼”牌香烟。但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前──那时他很年轻、也很穷，眼睛炯炯有神──他抽的是用“阿尔伯特亲王牌”烟丝自己手工卷的香烟。我还记得那鲜红的烟丝盒，上面有一张维多利亚女王丈夫阿尔伯特亲王的照片，他身穿黑色燕尾服，手里拿着一支手杖。
3.到40年代末、50年代初，我的家乡佐治亚州的伊腾顿已没有人再自己手工卷烟了（而且几乎没有女人抽烟）。烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影──影片中的男女主角都是烟鬼──把像我父亲这样的人完完全全争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟抽上了瘾。然而我父亲从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦过。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他是黑人，嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。
4.我记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的。也许开始时并不明显，只是早晨一下床点燃第一支香烟时才有点微咳。到我16岁，也就是我女儿现在这般年纪时，他一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，让人感到不安；他上楼时每走三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息一会儿，而且，他常常一连咳上一个小时。
5.肺部的病痛把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪，一个严冬，他死于被称为“穷人之友” 的疾病──肺炎。他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地方了。去世前几年，他的呼吸已经很虚弱了，他总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会，当时我女儿才两岁，他抱了她一会儿，好让我有时间给他俩拍张照片。但是很明显，他是费了好大劲儿的。生命行将结束前，他才戒了烟，主要是因为他的肺功能已极度受损。戒烟后他的体重增加了几磅，但当时他太瘦了，所以没人注意到这一点。
6.我到第三世界国家去旅行时，看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、自信或时髦的成熟男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女子，都在吞云吐雾。就像在美国的旧城区和印第安人的居留地上一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大地损害了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会致他们于死地。我在报纸还有我订阅的园艺杂志上看到，烟蒂的毒性很强：一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂，就很有可能会死去，而沸水加一把烟蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂。
7.作为母亲，我深深地感到痛苦。有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。我记得自己怀孕时，吃东西的时候是多么小心啊！之后在教她如何安全穿过马路时，又是多么耐心啊！有时我纳闷：自己这样做到底是为了什么？难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力地挣扎着呼吸，然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死吗？
8.我特别喜欢一条写在受虐妇女收容所里的语录：“人间和平，始于家庭。”我认为世上所有的东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录：“每个家庭都应该是禁烟区。”抽烟是一种自我毁灭，而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人。那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨你抽烟，可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。我现在意识到，从我还是个孩子起，这些年来我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。对那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。
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