陕西导游词(英语)

时间:2019-05-13 13:02:19下载本文作者:会员上传
简介:写写帮文库小编为你整理了多篇相关的《陕西导游词(英语)》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在写写帮文库还可以找到更多《陕西导游词(英语)》。

第一篇:陕西导游词(英语)

一.陕西秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Ladies and Gentlemen: Good morning.I‘m you local guide Theo.Now we are heading to the eighth wonder of the world –the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.The museum is located at the foot of Mt.Lishan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi‘an.There are three pits of warriors and horses and two bronze chariots have been found.The first pit was discovered in 1974 when several farmers were sinking a well.In order to protect this terracotta army, the Chinese government built a museum in 1975, and it was officially open to the public in 1979.The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses was listed as the world heritage in 1987.Firstly, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army—the First Qin Emperor.His name was YingZheng.By 210BC when he was only 39 years old.He had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of china.As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.He even gathered 700,000 conscripts from all parts of the country to work on his mausoleum.In fact, it took 37 years to complete this protect.And the site of these terracotta warriors and horses, we are going to visit, is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok, now we are going to the pit 1.I‘m sure you will be astonished, as we‘ll face to the First Qin Emperor‘s Army.We can see, Pit 1 takes an oblong shapes.It is 230 meters long, 62 meters wide and 5 meter deep.We will also find that the whole pit is divided into 11 corridors by 10 earth-rammed partition walls.The terracotta warriors and horses are arrayed in battle formation.Let‘s move on.In the long corridor to the east end of the pit stand three rows of terracotta warriors facing east in battle rode, 70 in each row.Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the ventured.There is one row of warriors in the south, north and west of the corridor respectively, facing outward.They are probably the flanks and rear guard, holding crossbows and arrows and other long distance shooting weapons.They took up the job of defending the whole army.There are over 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.According to these, we can get the answer that why the first Qin Emperor could annex all the six independent sates during 10 years.May be someone want to know how many kinds of the terracotta warriors and horses.Let‘s go to the pit 2 to find the result.Here now we arrived at pit 2.It covers an area of about 6,000 square meters.We can see that pit 2 is also under cover.You know, the warriors originally were painted in color, but today‘s technology is not enough to preserve very well.But according to research, pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, including over 1,000 warriors, 500 chariots and horses.Next we can appreciate those warriors and horses closely.The warriors and horses is realism.Their height ranges from 1.78 to 1.98 meters, so we may find they are all vivid and true to life.Here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pit.Maybe you are confused, why we don‘t find weapons on the terracotta warriors in the pit.Because the pits were destroyed by a big fire, nobody knows who did it.Ok, next we will visit the pit 3.Pit 3 is located 25 meters to the north of pit 1, totaling about 520 square meters.There are 68 warriors and 4 clay horses, and only one kinds of weapon called ―Shu‖ has been discovered.This weapon is believed to be used by the guards of hones.Judging from the layout of pit 3, this is most likely the headquarters directing the mightily army.Everybody, next let‘s go to the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.Now we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 meters west of the First Qin Emperor‘s Mausoleum.Though they had been seriously damaged when they were excavated, archaeologists and other experts restored them carefully.Chariots No 1 was named ―High Chariots‖.It is 1.55 meters high, 2.57 meters long.Chariots No 2 was named ―Security Chariots‖ or ―Air-conditioned Chariots‖, and is 1.06 meters high, 3.17 meters long.They are the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of the world.Both of those bronze chariots and horses were decorated with many gold and silver ornaments.According to research, the marking of them involves different techniques.It is in credible that the Chinese people could make such exquisite and bronze items over 200 years ago.All right, we have finished visiting the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses now.Thank you!二.华清池英文导游词 The Huaqing Hot spring Huaqing Pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of Xi‘an.Historically, the Western Zhou dynasty saw the construction of the Li Palace on the spot.In the Qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name Lishan Tang(the Lishan Hot Spring).The site was extended into a palace in the Han dynasty, and renamed the Li Palace(the Resort Palace).In the Tang dynasty, Li Shimin(Emperor Tai Zong)ordered to construct the Hot Spring Palace, and Emperor Xuan Zong had a walled palace built around Lishan Mountain in the year of 747.It was known as the Huaqing Palace.It also had the name Huaqing Pool on account of its location on the hot springs.Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, a branch range of the Qinling Ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high.It is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance.So it has the name of the Lishan Mountain(Li means a black horse).The Tang dynasty Emperor Xuan Zong and his favourite lady, Yang Gui Fei used to make their home at Frost Drifting Hall in winter days.When winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white.However, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall.It owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring.This is the Frost Drifting Hall that greets us today.Close by the Frost Drifting Hall lies the Nine Dragon Pool.According to legend, the Central Shaanxi Plain was once stricken by a severe drought in the very remote past.Thus, by the order of the Jade Emperor(the Supreme Deity of Heaven), an old dragon came at the head of eight young ones, and made rain here.Yet when the disaster was just abating, they lowered their guard so much that it became serious again.In a fit of anger, the Jade Emperor kept the young dragons under the Jade Cause Way(玉堤), with the Morning Glow Pavilion and the Sunset Pavilion built at both ends of it respectively, to make the young dragons spout cleat water all day long to meet the needs of local irrigation.Besides, he had the old dragon confined to the bottom of the Roaring Dragon Waterside Pavilion situated at the upper end of the Jade Causeway, and obliged him to exercise control over the young.The Nine-Bend Corridor west of the Nine Dragon Pool leads directly to the Marble Boat, which resembles a dragon boat on the water surface.In the Marble Boat lies the Nine Dragon Tang(the Nine Dragon Hot Spring where Emperor Xuan Zong used to take baths).At the head of his court ladies and hundreds of his officials, he would come to the Huanqing Palace to spend his winter days in October of the Lunar calendar and return to Chang‘an City as the year drew to its close.The Nine Dragon Hot Spring was originally built with crystal jade, whose surface was decorated with the carvings of fish, dragons, birds and flowers.In it twin lotus flowers also carved with white jade could be seen as well.The spring water welled from the break of an earthen jar, and spouted up to the lotus flowers.Hence the name Lotus Flower Tang(the Lotus Flower Hot Spring).The Gui Fei Bathing Pool was where Yang Gui Fei, Emperor Xuan Zong‘s favourite lady, used to take bath.It was originally built with white jade, and in its center a blooming flower spouted water like a spring.The pool looked very much like a Chinese flowering crabapple;Hence its name the Chinese Flowering Crabapple Hot Spring or the Lotus Hot Spring..Lady Yang used to make a stay in this pavilion to see sights or to air her hair after a bath.Therefore, it was named the Hair Airing Pavilion.Whether the sun was rising or setting, the pavilion was aglow with sunshine;hence the name the Flying Roseate Pavilion.Southwest of the Gui Fei Bathing Pool stands a brick-built pavilion.On its head three big Chinese characters ―Xi Jia Lou‖(Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion)are inscribed according to the model of the most celebrated according to the model of the most celebrated Chinese calligrapher, Yu You Ren, here is the source of the spring water.At this spa there are four hot springs.They have an hourly flow of 112 tons, and a constant temperature of 43°C.The spring water contains lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and other minerals, which makes it suitable for bathing and considerable treatment of quite a few diseases such as dermatosis, rheumatism, arthritis and muscular pain.The Fine Sunset-Bathed Pavilion marks the first source of the spring water, which was discovered some 3,000 years ago, roughly in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Its water flow averages 25 tons per hour.Take up the steps east of the source of hot springs, you will gradually see the Five-Room Pavilion where Chiang Kaishek made a temporary stay during the Xi‘an Incident.The Xi‘an Incident took place on December 12, 1936, and it is also known as the Double Twelfth Incident.After the Incident of September 18, 1936, the Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces northeast of China, and intensified their invasion of North China.This was the very moment vital to the Chinese nation.Yet Chiang Kaichek persisted doggedly in carrying out his reactionary policy ―domestic tranquility is a must for the resistance against Japanese invades,‖ and commanded the Northeast Army and Northwest Army, respectively headed by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.Inspired by our Party‘s policy ―let us stop the internal war and unit to resist the Japanese aggressors,‖ those two generals made to Chiang Kaishek the proposal of forming a united front with the Communist Party for the resistance.Not only did he reject the proposal, but flew to Xi‘an to scheme the ―suppression of the Communist Party.‖ And the slaughter of the patriotic youth.Out of patriotism, Zhang and Yang started the famous Xi‘an Incident.Very early on the morning of December 12, 1936 the Incident was impending.Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng ordered a squad of bodyguards to surround the Huaqing Pool.They fought a fierce battle there, and wiped out Chiang‘s bodyguards in one vigorous effort.The sound of firing came to Chiang Kaishek, and he was so terrified that he crept out of the window with his nightgown and slippers only.What‘s more, he hurt his spinal bone, and lost one of his slippers while crossing over the back wall.He staggered up Lishan Mountain, and hid himself behind a stone in the crevice halfway on it.Those brave soldiers began to search the mountain immediately when they rushed into the Five-Room Pavilion to find that Chiang‘s hat and clothes were still there and that his quilt remained warm.In the end they found Chiang Kaishek, and thus escorted him to Xi‘an.In order to avoid a civil war and try t establish a national united front for the resistance against Japan, Mao Zedong on behalf of the C.C.P.C.insisted on a peaceful settlement of the Incident.Therefore, a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai was sent to Xi‘an.Zhou Enlai and his suite did a large amount of work there, took everything possible into consideration, and ultimately forced Chiang Kaishek to accept the proposal by his two generals.On December 25, Chiang was freed, and flew back to Nanjing.The Xi‘an Incident was so peacefully settled.The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the internal war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the national united front for the anti-Japanese drive.Moreover, it showed that the co-operative relationships between the Communist and Nationalists arrived at a new stage.It marked a great turning point in modern Chinese history.In the year of 1946 the KMT government had a ―National Rejuvenation Pavilion‖ built near the crevice where Chiang Kaishek had hidden himself in the Incident.It was also called ―Vital Energy Pavilion‖.After the national liberation it was renamed ―Catching Chiang Pavilion‖.Close by the pavilion stands a wooden board which carries a brief introduction to the Xi‘an Incident.Iron chains and rings in the crevices east of the pavilion, by which visitors can climb up to take a look at Chiang Kaishek‘s shelter.Up the winding path east of the Five-Room-Pavilion you will catch sight of a bridge-like construction.It shines regularly with a myriad of evening sun rays both in summer and autumn, and looks very much like rainbow.So it has the name of the Hovering Rainbow Bridge.Located on the Xixiu Ridge(the West Embroidery Ridge)of the Lishan Mountain, the remains of the beacon tower of the Western Zhou Dynasty seem easy to identify.The beacon tower was mostly built at the top of the mountain to give border alarm in ancient times.It was constantly under special control.Once the enemies were pressing on towards the border, the beacon tower began to take effect: it was made to smoke in the daytime while set on fire at night.The story goes that Bao Si, Queen of the Western Zhou dynasty was highly honored, yet she never cracked a smile.King You tried many ways to put a smile on her face, but he failed over and over again.He ―called his court band to toll bells and beat gongs‖, and she pulled a long face.Then the band were asked to ―play the bamboo flute and strings‖ and she remained displeased.Afterwards, ―maids of honour served wine, festively singing and dancing,‖ and she did not let out a smile at all.―You don‘t like music!What on earth are you fond of?‖ the King asked.―I nearly have a liking for nothing.But I can still well remember I liked to give ear to the sound of tearing a piece of coloured silk when I was a child.It was clear and melodious,‖ she replied.King You said in excitement, ―That is very simple.How come you didn‘t let me know it earlier?‖

Thus he ordered the officially appointed property manager to offer coloured silk, and made fresh and energetic maids of honour to tear it into pieces.Hundreds of bolts of coloured silk were utterly torn, but Bao Si remained unmoved.―Why didn‘t you let out a single smile then?‖ he asked.―I have never smiled so far, ‖ the Queen replied.The King tried over and over again, but failed repeatedly, and in the end he gave orders, ―Anyone both in and out of court who can amuse Bao Si will be awarded one thousand pieces of gold.‖

Afterwards Guo Shifu, a treacherous court official came and offered advice: ―Set the beacon tower on fire and fool your sovereign rulers.‖ That night the King and Queen reached the Lishan Mountain by carriage, and gave the order.In the split second the flames of the fire lit up the sky ad the sovereign rulers moved their troops immediately to the Lishan Mountain.There they found nothing but that the King and Queen enjoyed drinking festively.The King then dispatched his bodyguard to inform them that ―Everything should have been all right.I have just been joking with you.‖ When they got this, they looked at each other in blank dismay, and left disappointed.Sure enough, Bao Si burst into laughter, stroking her hands when she noticed all the troops come in vain and go noisily.Accordingly, Guo Shifu got a prize of one thousand pieces of gold.Later on King You did so more often than not.In 771 B.C.Quan Rong(a then minority tribe)staged an armed rebellion against the Western Zhou Dynasty.King You ordered urgently to set the beacon tower on fire, but all the sovereign rulers remained unmoved.Consequently King Yu was killed, and Bao Si was taken away.The Western Zhou dynasty vanished.Herein come the Chinese idiom ―A single smile costs one thousand pieces of gold‖ and ―The sovereign rulers are fooled by the beacon fire.‖ 三.陕西-西安大清真寺英文导游词 The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane

The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60,000 Moslems in Xi'an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People‗s Government.Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi'an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook;besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up.Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D.and was introduced to China in the mid-600s.At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China.In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China's Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Huangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.However, massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when Genghis Khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe, including the north of Iran.Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China.Among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty.The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south, helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty.In the wake of the conquest, Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere.In the Yuan dynasty, many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country.And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty.Therefore, all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats.In the early 16th century, Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis, the Uygurs, the Kazaks, the Kirgizes, the Tajiks, the Tartars, the Ozbeks, the Dong Xiangs, the Salars and the Bonans.The Moslems in Xi‗an are mainly the Huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in China.The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi'an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.According to ―the Stele on the Building of the Mosque‖, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty.However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty.The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures.The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years.The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque.On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, ―May Buddhism Fill the Universe‖, on the other, ―Royal-Bestowed‖by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty.They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy.At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a ―month tablet‖, showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored.It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty.A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called ―Retrospection Tower‖also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship.Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out.The five wooden houses, which are called ―Water Houses‖in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services.And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called ―the Pavilion of Phoenix‖, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services.The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings.The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name.Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2.Across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once.There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings.The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world.They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night.Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home.Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes.They are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being ―unclean‖.According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out.However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out.Upon his death, a Moslem has to be ―thoroughly cleaned‖(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on ―Ke Fan‖(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth)and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral.The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted.And of course, the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.四.陕西历史博物馆英语导游词 Shaanxi History Museum Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modernization of the museum is a magnificent Tang-style building, covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, construction area of over 50,000 square meters.It brings together the culture of Shaanxi, shows the development of Chinese civilization, Shaanxi Province in China in view of the history of the status of the state to invest a total of 144,000,000 yuan for the construction of the Shaanxi Museum of History, in June 1991 completion and opening.Flavor Architecture Museum, unique.It classical Chinese palace architecture and garden architecture closely together, coordinating colors, reflecting the traditional Chinese architectural style, at the same time with local characteristics and the spirit of the times.Museum of Shaanxi Province unearthed antiques 113,000(Group)showroom area of 1100 square meters, at the prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system from 115 Million years ago until the year 1840, Shaanxi's history.In Chinese history, there have been 11 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi Province and will last for 1,000 years, is the capital of China's most Dynasty, the longest of the capital region, from a certain point, the ancient history of Shaanxi is China's history Enrichment.● features: Museum of Shaanxi Province in ancient China into the palace courtyard with the architectural style in one, dignified and elegant, generous simplicity, the layout of coordination, the great momentum, reflecting the ethnic and local characteristics, the Library has central air-conditioning, lighting systems, multi-purpose use Computer management system and the central control system.Heritage and the Treasury have modern languages with simultaneous interpretation function Hall.● Shaanxi Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty architectural style succession of powerful broad, dignified and elegant style, from traditional Chinese palace “axis of symmetry, the master-slave in an orderly manner, the central hall, Si Yu Chong-floor,” the layout of the form and at the same time the use of modern advanced technology to China's Sheng Tang period classical architectural style with modern requirements of the museum features combined into one, has managed to maintain the old style with modern features.The roof of the Tang Dynasty used the prevalence of gray green glazed tile, Wah Kwai appears to be a solemn, simple person, wall materials like asbestos tiles,Doors and windows are tinted using large pieces of glass and aluminum framework, the Library can be equipped with temperature and humidity control of the closed central air-conditioning system of multi-functional lighting systems, automatic fire alarm systems, computer-controlled management system;heritage with science and technology center With-the-art laboratory to test repair techniques and means of protection.To enhance cultural exchange between China, has computer-controlled and have 300,000 books in the library and 6-language simultaneous interpretation of international academic Hall.In addition, there are facilities for cultural relics libraries, library, shopping and so on.● collections: the Museum's collection of historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi 370,000 fine, visitors can enjoy prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing from 115 million years ago to Year in 1840 between the Shaanxi Cultural Relics.● Structure: galleries with a total area of 11,000 square meters, to display the basic points, and temporary exhibits on display feature three parts, on display ancient history of Shaanxi, Shanxi Bronze Exhibition, Shaanxi show the essence of ancient pottery and domestic Tangmu murals show the most real thing Attractive.● into the hall of the museum, in the face of huge photographs to show people Pentium Miangen roar of the Yellow River and the vast loess plateau.This is the birth of the breeding history and culture of Shaanxi's geographical location.Shaanxi Yellow Earth's history is the history of civilization.Heads held high standing in the central hall of the giant lion is the symbol of civilization.Its grand design, the surging momentum, the beautiful stone, Hongik Univ of vision, called “Eastern Lions in the first.”This is the first in the history of Chinese stone lions from the only female Emperor Wu of Young's mother, Ling-shun.Ancient Chinese lion and the lion sculpture art from Afghanistan into Central Asia's strange romance with the immense depth of East Asia here so perfectly integrated into one, embodies the history and culture of Shaanxi tone.Nearly 1,500 m of exhibition by the basic line on display, special and temporary exhibits on display consists of three parts.Museum is located in the central up and down two floors to display the basic meta-historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi Province of the essence, the display of more than 3,000 pieces of rare treasures unearthed in Shaanxi from the hundreds of thousands of cultural relics selected from a number of precious cultural relics here from the public for the first time in World Bank, sub-prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system, from 115 million years ago by the year 1840, Shaanxi's ancient history, and a number of important people understand the Shaanxi Archeology The basic Han four Wadang God(Suzaku)diameter of 15.8 cm, 2 cm wide margin round, Shaanxi Han Chang'an City ruins unearthed.Suzaku unloading the Pearl of the mouth, head Qiao Mei, the more dignified and powerful Meng, the sacred abnormal.Now in the possession of the Shaanxi History Museum.五.大雁塔英文导游词 Big Wild Goose Pagoda As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists.It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers(2.49 miles)from the downtown of the city.Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple.It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Originally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty(618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.Xuanzang started off from Chang'an(the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism.Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics.Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong(628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it.With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation.Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.First built to a height of 60 meters(197 feet)with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters(211.6 feet)high with an additional two stories.It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'.Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction.Built of brick, its structure is very firm.Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey.On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty.Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend.According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo.One day, they couldn't find meat to buy.Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: 'Today we have no meat.I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some.' At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground.All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious.They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat.Hence it got the name 'Big Wild Goose Pagoda'.Da Ci'en Temple

Da Ci'en Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named 'Ci'en'(Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others.Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters(38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch.Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple.With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west.Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons(14.76 gross tons)in weight.It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang.In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang.The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon.A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation.The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.In this hall are Xuanzang's relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang.The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarch's story.Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Surrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Ci'en Temple.Covering about 110,000 square meters(131563 square yards)plus 20,000 square meters(23920.6 square yards)of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area.In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex.The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths.There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views.With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long(656-foot-long)sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose Pagoda.六.西安碑林英文导游词

The Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets

Ladies and Gentlemen: Good morning.I am your local guide,Theo.Now we are heading to the treasure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China, the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets.Are you ready? Ok let‘s go.The museum is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street, Xi‘an.In 1950, the Confucian temple was extended into the museum that greets us taday.The museum covers an area of about 30,000 square meters.It was originally set up in 1087.Now over 3,000 stone tablets from the Han Dynasty through the Qing Dynasty are preserved.The numerous of tablets look like a dense forest, hence its name the ―forest of Stone Tablets.‖

Go into the temple, now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple, in the ancient time only those students who passed state examination would be allowed to passed here.Let‘s go through the stone gate in the middle that was only for high ranks in the past.So we will go through it, Ha!Net yard we can see two national treasures, on west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period;In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was casted in 711AD.The Bell has three aspects: the first, please look at it, it has exquisitely carving with phoenix, dragon;The second is unique epigraph;the third is beautiful sound which was records by CCTV and was played on New Year‘s eve to Welcome the New Year‘s coming.The whole area consists of three parts: Confucian temple and exhibition of stone tablets and gallery of stone sculptures.We have saw the Confucian temple just now.Next we are going to visit 7 major stone tablets exhibition rooms.In front of the first display room is the Tablet Pavilion specially built for the Classic on Filial Piety which is the largest and earliest one in the museum.It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by Li Longji The Classic on Filial Piety was a Confucian classic compiled by Zeng Shen ,a disciple of Confucius.The tablets is made up of four pieces of stone and a base under it ,therefore it is literally called the Stone-based Classic on Filial Piety.This way, please.The first display room houses the Kaicheng Stone Classics ,which is the most completed and heaviest books in the world.In the past copying was the popular way for students who study the doctrines.To prevent copying errors, Emperor Tang Wenzhong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 classic on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them.With another classic ―Mencius‖ carved in Qing dynasty together we call ―13 classics‖.Let‘s see the tablets of the second display room.The display room mainly houses the stone tablets of calligraphy written by famous calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty.The famous one is the Nestorian Tablet which was the first one in Syrian characters that records Nestorians.The third display room house the stone tablets that range from the Han dynasty to the Song dynasty.The bear a wide variety of Chinese script forms, including seal script, official script,regular script ,running script and cursive script.Now let me introduce the development of Chinese characters.From 21 to 11 century BC ,inscriptions carved on animals bones or turtle shell were called pictographic characters, which developed into the big seal script hundred years later.About 221 BC when Emperor Qin unified China , he ordered his minister Li Si to simplify the big seal script into small seal script.Based on that, New forms created: the regular script gained popularity in Sui and Han dynasty and become formal style in official documents and examination papers in Tang dynasty;running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some calligraphers at that time The rest display rooms house calligraphy and paintings, literatures and poems from different dynasties.Please visit them by youselves.The Gallery of stone sculptures

This gallery was built in 1963.It houses more than 70 stone sculptures of Shaanxi Province.These pieces of art classified into two groups: mausoleum carvings and religious carvings.Shaanxi is one of the places where many of nation‘s early stone sculptures and relics have been found.Those have large number of superb stone sculptures particularly from the Sui and Tang dynasties.For example, that is an outer coffin for Li Shou, a cousin of Emperor Gao Zu.It is made up of 28 black stones.And the six stone chargers which were regarded as rare treasures of art from Tang dynasty.They are sculpted in memory of the six chargers served the Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shiming in constant wars.Now we came to the last section with both Buddhist and Taoist sculptures.The Buddhist sculptures in the gallery are all fine works of art in terms of style, figuration and workmanship.Ladies and gentlemen: I hope you have enjoyed my introduction to the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets.Have a pleasant trip!See you!七.法门寺

The Famen Temple Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to our Famen Temple Culture Scenery Region.It is located in Fufeng County, Baoji City of our Shaanxi Province, 120 kilometers from Xi‘an City.The whole place covers an area of 200 acres.It consists of Temple Gate Square, the Avenue of Buddhism Light, the Namaste Pagoda, he ancient Famen Temple and so on.The Temple Gate Square in the front looks very magnificent.It is linked with the Avenue of Buddism Light to the North, symbolling the process from human being to Buddha.After we cross the Perfect Wisdom Gate, now here is the Avenue of Buddhism Light.It is the way to become into a Buddha.On th both side of it, there are many stone stakes caved with Buddhist scriptures and statues.According to the Metempsychosis of Buddhism, from this avenue to the Namaste Pagoda just like the process from human being to the believer to Buddha.Here is the main building of Famen Temple Culture Scenic area, the Namaste Pagoda.It is in the shape of the Namaste of Buddha.The design of it represents the spirit of Buddhism, the World Peace.This Pagoda can be divided into two parts: building on the ground and underground palace.There are five floors on the ground.On the first floors, we can find the Sakyamuni Buddha, Baoshen Buddha and Yingshen Buddha.Together with many Bodhisattva, there are also the Four Heavenly Kings.The Underground Palace is the storage for the Remains of Sakyamuni.On the first day and 15th day of Chinese lunar calendar, they will move it to the Namaste Pagoda on the first floor to open it to the public.The middle of fifth floor is a Four –layer wooden tower in the Tang Dynasty style.The top of it is painted with numbers of Buddhism figures, make you fell like there are Buddhas everywhere.On the fifth floor, you can have a bird view of this area, the modern buildings and the old temple perfectly coexist.To the East of Remains Tower is the old Famen Temple area,.It covers 30,000 square meters.It consist of Shanmen, the real spirit pagoda, the Great Hall of Buddha and so on.Famen Temple was built in China‘s Eastern Han Dynasty, about 1,700 years ago.It enjoyed the reputation of being the ‗forefather of pagodas and temples in Central Shaanxi‘.The original name of temple was Asoka Stupa, and it was renamed as Famen Temple in 625AD in the Tang Dynasty.Famen means the initial approach to become a Buddhist believer.In the Tang Dynasty it was the royal temple and it covered over 165 acres, but now there is only one-24th of the original.In the Tang Dynasty, since Tang Emperor Taizong, they began to believe that enshrining the bone of Skyamuni wound bring riches and peace to the land and their people since, so about 8 Emperors had ever done this kind of worship 6 times in the Tang Dynasty.In 874AD, Tang Emperor Xizong put back the remains of Sakyamuni to the under palace with a lot of treasures and closed the closed palace forever.It was the last worship.In the Tang Dynasty it was built into a wooden pagoda in four-layers and it was rebuilt into 13-tiered octagonal pagoda with a hight of 46 meters after 30-year-‗s construction in the Ming Dynasty.In the August 24th, 1981, the western side of this pagoda fall off because of constant rainy season and become into the Chinese ‗Pisa Tower‘.In 1986 our Shaanxi government decided to rebuild this pagoda, they discovered the underground palace with many Buddhist statues and scriptures when were cleaning the foundation.The discovery of the underground palace made the Remains of Sakyamuni appear in this world again and the temple into a holy-temple of Buddhism all over the world.The Underground Palace is 21 meters long, 2.4 meters high and covers 31.84 square meters.The whole place can be divided into 7 parts: stairs, platform, corridor, front room, middle room, back room and secret chess.The excavation of it began from the back room, there we discovered an eight-layered chest.Here we found 3 pieces of ‗Shadow bones‘ and a piece of real bone of Sakyamuni.Buddhism was founded in India in 600Ad.After the death of Sakyamuni the king of India wanted to spread Buddhism all over the world.So he divided the bones of Sakyamuni into 84,000 pieces, so 84,000 pagodas were built around the world.And this piece of real bone of Sakyamuni is the only one in the world.So all of them are looked as the holy thing of Buddhism.Beside of this, we also discovered Bodhisattva for the holding the Remains of Sakyamuni, the gold gilded monk‘s cane, the incense burner and so on.Meanwhile, we also discovered many relics about Chines tea, porcelain, silk and so on.Totally we found 2499 pieces of treasures, now all of them are exhibited in the underground palace of the Namaste Pagoda.OK!Everyone, that‘s all for this area, I hope you can enjoy your visit here.And next it‘s your turn, you may walk around by yourself.Thank you for your listening.

第二篇:陕西历史博物馆英语导游词

陕西历史博物馆英语导游词.txt30生命的美丽,永远展现在她的进取之中;就像大树的美丽,是展现在它负势向上高耸入云的蓬勃生机中;像雄鹰的美丽,是展现在它搏风击雨如苍天之魂的翱翔中;像江河的美丽,是展现在它波涛汹涌一泻千里的奔流中。陕西历史博物馆英语导游词

陕西历史博物馆是国家级现代化大型博物馆,是一组雄伟壮观的仿唐建筑群,占地约7万平方米,建筑面积5万多平方米。它汇集了陕西文化精华,展现了中华文明的发展过程,鉴于陕西在中国历史上的地位,国家共投资1.44亿元人民币,兴建了陕西历史博物馆,于1991年6月建成开放。

博物馆建筑古朴典雅,别具特色。它将中国古典宫殿建筑和庭院建筑紧密地结合在一起,色彩协调,体现了中华民族的传统建筑风格,同时具有地方特色和时代精神。

博物馆珍藏了陕西出土的文物精品11.3万件(组)展室面积达1100平方米,分史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分,形象系统地展现出自115万年以前至公元1840年的陕西历史。在中国历史上,曾经有11个朝代在陕西建都,历时1000多年,是我国建都王朝最多,建都时间最长的地区,因此,从某种角度来说,陕西古代史是中国历史的浓缩。●特点:陕西省博物馆融中国古代宫殿与庭院建筑风格于一体,典雅凝重,古朴大方,布局协调,气势宏伟,体现了民族风格和地方特色,馆内设有中央空调、多功能照明系统,采用计算机管理系统和中央控制系统。设有现代化文物库房和具备多种语言同声传译功能的报告厅。镶金玉镯

●陕西历史博物馆建筑造型继承唐代博大雄浑、典雅凝重的风 格,借鉴我国传统宫殿“轴线对称,主从有序,中央殿堂, 四隅 崇楼”的布局形式,同时运用现代先进技术,把我国盛唐时期古 典建筑风格与现代博物馆功能要求有机地结合为一体,既保持了 古老风貌,又有现代化的特点。屋顶采用唐代盛行的灰绿色琉璃 瓦,显得华贵庄重,古朴大方,墙面材料为仿石棉砖,门窗则采 用大块茶色玻璃和铝合金框架,馆内配备可控制温湿度的全封闭 中央空调系统,多功能的照明系统,自动防火防盗系统,计算机 控制管理系统;设有文物保护科技中心,具有先进的化验、测试 技术和文物保护修复手段。为加强中外文化交流,建有电脑控制 并拥有30万册藏书的图书馆和6国语言同声传译的国际学术报 告厅。此外,还有设施完善的文物库、资料室、购物中心等。

●珍藏:馆内珍藏了陕西出土文物精品37万件,游客可欣赏到史前、周、秦、汉、魏、晋、南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清自115万年前到公元1840年间的陕西历史文物。

●结构:展室总面积达11000平方米,分基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三大部分,其中陕西古代史陈列、陕西青铜器珍品展、陕西历代陶佣精华展和唐墓壁画真品展最具吸引力。●进入博物馆大厅,迎面巨幅照片向人们展现出奔腾咆哮的黄 河和绵亘无垠的黄土高原。这是孕育诞生陕西历史文化的地理环 境。陕西的历史是黄土地文明的历史。昂首屹立在大厅中央的巨 狮是这种文明的标志。它造型雄伟,气势澎湃,石刻之精美,气 魄之弘大,堪称“东方第一狮”。这头石狮来自中国历史上唯一的 女皇帝武则天母亲杨氏的顺陵。中国古代的狮子及狮子雕刻艺术 由阿富汗传入,中亚的浪漫奇特与东亚的深沉浑厚在这里如此完 美地融合为一体,集中体现了陕西历史文化的基调。近1500米的展线由基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列三部分组 成。位于博物馆中央上下两层的基本陈列荟萃了陕西出土文物的 精华,展出的3000余件稀世珍品从陕西出土的几十万件文物中精 选而来,许多珍贵文物在这里首次公诸于世,分史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分,形象系统地展现出自115 万年前至公元1840年的陕西古代历史,并使人们了解陕西一些重 要考古遗址的基本面貌。

汉?四神瓦当(朱雀)直径15.8厘米,边轮宽2厘米,陕西汉长安城遗址出土。朱雀口卸宝珠,昂首翘尾,更显得威严势猛,神圣异常。现藏于陕西历史博物馆。Shaanxi History Museum is a state-level large-scale modernization of the museum is a magnificent Tang-style building, covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, construction area of over 50,000 square meters.It brings together the culture of Shaanxi, shows the development of Chinese civilization, Shaanxi Province in China in view of the history of the status of the state to invest a total of 144,000,000 yuan for the construction of the Shaanxi Museum of History, in June 1991 completion and opening.Flavor Architecture Museum, unique.It classical Chinese palace architecture and garden architecture closely together, coordinating colors, reflecting the traditional Chinese architectural style, at the same time with local characteristics and the spirit of the times.Museum of Shaanxi Province unearthed antiques 113,000(Group)showroom area of 1100 square meters, at the prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system from 115 Million years ago until the year 1840, Shaanxi's history.In Chinese history, there have been 11 dynasties established their capitals in Shaanxi Province and will last for 1,000 years, is the capital of China's most Dynasty, the longest of the capital region, from a certain point, the ancient history of Shaanxi is China's history Enrichment.● features: Museum of Shaanxi Province in ancient China into the palace courtyard with the architectural style in one, dignified and elegant, generous simplicity, the layout of coordination, the great momentum, reflecting the ethnic and local characteristics, the Library has central air-conditioning, lighting systems, multi-purpose use Computer management system and the central control system.Heritage and the Treasury have modern languages with simultaneous interpretation function Hall.● Shaanxi Museum of History of the Tang Dynasty architectural style succession of powerful broad, dignified and elegant style, from traditional Chinese palace “axis of symmetry, the master-slave in an orderly manner, the central hall, Si Yu Chong-floor,” the layout of the form and at the same time the use of modern advanced technology to China's Sheng Tang period classical architectural style with modern requirements of the museum features combined into one, has managed to maintain the old style with modern features.The roof of the Tang Dynasty used the prevalence of gray green glazed tile, Wah Kwai appears to be a solemn, simple person, wall materials like asbestos tiles,Doors and windows are tinted using large pieces of glass and aluminum framework, the Library can be equipped with temperature and humidity control of the closed central air-conditioning system of multi-functional lighting systems, automatic fire alarm systems, computer-controlled management system;heritage with science and technology center With-the-art laboratory to test repair techniques and means of protection.To enhance cultural exchange between China, has computer-controlled and have 300,000 books in the library and 6-language simultaneous interpretation of international academic Hall.In addition, there are facilities for cultural relics libraries, library, shopping and so on.● collections: the Museum's collection of historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi 370,000 fine, visitors can enjoy prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing from 115 million years ago to Year in 1840 between the Shaanxi Cultural Relics.● Structure: galleries with a total area of 11,000 square meters, to display the basic points, and temporary exhibits on display feature three parts, on display ancient history of Shaanxi, Shanxi Bronze Exhibition, Shaanxi show the essence of ancient pottery and domestic Tangmu murals show the most real thing Attractive.● into the hall of the museum, in the face of huge photographs to show people Pentium Miangen roar of the Yellow River and the vast loess plateau.This is the birth of the breeding history and culture of Shaanxi's geographical location.Shaanxi Yellow Earth's history is the history of civilization.Heads held high standing in the central hall of the giant lion is the symbol of civilization.Its grand design, the surging momentum, the beautiful stone, Hongik Univ of vision, called “Eastern Lions in the first.”This is the first in the history of Chinese stone lions from the only female Emperor Wu of Young's mother, Ling-shun.Ancient Chinese lion and the lion sculpture art from Afghanistan into Central Asia's strange romance with the immense depth of East Asia here so perfectly integrated into one, embodies the history and culture of Shaanxi tone.Nearly 1,500 m of exhibition by the basic line on display, special and temporary exhibits on display consists of three parts.Museum is located in the central up and down two floors to display the basic meta-historical relics unearthed in Shaanxi Province of the essence, the display of more than 3,000 pieces of rare treasures unearthed in Shaanxi from the hundreds of thousands of cultural relics selected from a number of precious cultural relics here from the public for the first time in World Bank, sub-prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the seven, the image display system, from 115 million years ago by the year 1840, Shaanxi's ancient history, and a number of important people understand the Shaanxi Archeology The basic Han four Wadang God(Suzaku)diameter of 15.8 cm, 2 cm wide margin round, Shaanxi Han Chang'an City ruins unearthed.Suzaku unloading the Pearl of the mouth, head Qiao Mei, the more dignified and powerful Meng, the sacred abnormal.Now in the possession of the Shaanxi History Museum.

第三篇:2016陕西导游词

2016陕西导游词

陕西商洛位于陕西省东南部,主要河流为丹江,又称汉江流域的一部分,有南北过渡的气候条件以及秦楚文化融合的人文特征。下面是2016陕西导游词,希望可以帮到大家。

篇一:2016陕西导游词

各位游客:

大家好!欢迎大家到陕西历史博物馆来参观,我叫凯凯,是各位在陕西历史博物馆参观的导游员,能为大家服务我感到非常高兴。

陕西历史博物馆是目前我国规模最庞大、设施最先进的国家级历史博物馆。于1991年6月20日正式建成对外开放。它占地面积65000平方米,建筑面积55600平方米,用于展览的面积为11000平方米,馆舍为“轴线对称,主从有序,中央殿堂,四隅崇楼”的仿唐园林建筑群,参差错落,典雅凝重,既表现了陕西的悠久历史,又突出了盛唐长安的古老文化。是由中国建筑学界泰斗梁思成先生的关门弟子、著名设计师张锦秋女士设计的。馆内藏有文物37.5万件。其中国宝级文物18件,国家一级文物859件,被誉为“古都明珠、华夏宝库”。

大家看,博物馆门前的喷水池上方有“陕西历史博物馆”七个金字,这是集郭沫若先生的字而制造的。作为一座现代划的大型历史博物馆,它有可控制温、湿度的全封闭中央空调;有多功能照明和自动放火、防盗报警系统;有文物修复保护科技中心和先进的化验测试技术;有独步海外的唐墓壁画库;有电脑控制、自动检索的图书馆;为加强中外文化交流,还建有六种语言同声传译的国际学术报告厅。博物馆的陈列分为基本陈列、专题陈列和临时陈列。

现在我们就来到了基本陈列的序言大厅。序言大厅不书一个文字,以昂首挺立的巨型石狮,奔腾咆哮的黄河壶口瀑布和绵延不断的黄土高原来昭示主题,构成独特的无言之序。这头巨型石狮是按唐顺陵前的石狮以1:1比例原大复制的。顺陵是中国历史上唯一的女皇武则天母亲杨氏的陵墓,我们可看到它雕刻精美,造型雄伟,堪称“东方第一狮”。

基本陈列为陕西古代史陈列,共有三个展厅:分为史前、周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清七大部分

首先,我们进入第一展厅“史前时代”。时间范围是距今约115万年前至公元前21世纪。这一时期从旧石器时代的蓝田猿人开始,经中石器时期的大荔人,再到母系氏族社会的仰韶文化、父系氏族社会的龙山文化,直到传说中的三黄五帝,揭示了人类早期的起源和发展。

这个时期中主要包括两个大的时代—旧石器时代和新石器时代。

这边走,我们将会看到的是一个猿人头盖骨化石,是于1964年在蓝田县发现的,我们叫它为“蓝田人”。这里是一个复制品,只有770毫升的脑容量,是我们现在正常人的一半。蓝田人是目前已知的亚洲北部最早的直立人,我们看到背景的照片就是当时发现头盖骨的地方。在展柜下面,我们看到了一组出自旧石器时代的石器,它们看起来非常的粗糙,所以它的用途非常简单,只用于采集和狩猎。我们接下来看到的是距今7000~5000年左右的仰韶文化。它反映了当时繁盛的母系氏族社会。那个时代的人们已经开始定居,并从事耕作和饲养动物,例如,狗、猪等,并且群居于村庄当中。经过精致打磨的石质工具已经被广泛使用。半坡遗址就是这一文明的典型代表。这里我们看到的文物大部分是来自于半坡,包括这些精美的陶器。

参观完“史前时期”,接下来我们走进的是奴隶社会的周代,而周朝是陕西历史第一个朝代,陕西的文字历史也从此开始。在这里看到的是一组青铜器。青铜器的铸造工艺在西周达到了鼎盛。在中国历史上,我们也称周朝为青铜时代。这件青铜牛尊被定为国家一级文物。巧妙的利用了牛身的各个部位:牛身为器,牛尾为柄,牛舌为流,四足站立,可以直接从底下为酒加热,整个酒器生动地展示了周青铜铸造业的高超水平。

接下来我们将走进秦朝。秦朝距今公元前220~206年,实际上秦朝只辉煌了15年,但它是中国历史上第一个封建制王朝。下面我们将在展柜看到大量的秦国文物,这里陈列了10个石鼓,顶圆底平,四面刻有四言诗句,内容多为歌颂秦人耕织作农的生活,称为“石鼓文”,是中国目前发现的最早的石刻文字。

接着我们来到汉代展厅。汉朝是中国封建社会第一个鼎盛时期,对以后各朝代的发展产生了深远的影响。我们看到的是汉代的一件国宝—皇后之玺,这个洁白莹润的玉制印章是1968年在咸阳狼家沟汉高祖和吕后墓东侧出土的,印章上刻有“皇后之玺”四字,似“螭虎”形,它那精美的工艺和造型至今仍然叫人叹服。

我们看到的下一个部分是魏、晋、南北朝,它是中国历史上大动荡、民族大融合的时期。大家看这枚多面体煤精组印,是1981年在陕西旬阳城东门外出土的。印章共有二十四面,其中十六个正方形,八个三角形,印章的主人是鲜卑族上层人物独孤信。他的三个女儿分别嫁给了北周明帝宇文胤,隋文帝杨坚和唐代开国皇帝李渊的父亲李日丙,被尊称为中国第一老丈人。

各位游客现在我们将走进第三展室,首先看到的是隋朝和唐朝。隋唐两代是中国封建社会的黄金时代。公元581~618年存在的隋朝,虽然是个短暂的王朝,但是伟大的唐朝却恰恰建立在它的基础之上。我们接下来将要看到的是唐都长安城,它占地面积83.1平方公里,主要分为三个部分,即宫城、皇城和外廓城。当时的长安城是现在西安城的9.3倍,人口超过100万。下面看到的是文明于世的唐三彩,而所谓的“三”不仅仅是三种颜色,而“三”在古代是多的意思。唐三彩以黄、褐、绿三种颜色为主,因为流行的时间较短,烧制的地区较少,所以遗物不多非常珍贵,是当之无愧的国宝。接下来看到一套唐代金银器—“鸳鸯莲瓣纹金碗”。

它于1970年在西安市郊出土,代表着唐代手工业的高超水平。它充分体现出了唐代社会生活的奢华。接下来我们将看到的是一组临摹的唐墓壁画,真品被收藏在壁画库里。我们看到的第一幅是“马球图”,共有20位骑马的球手,在队伍最前面的5位球手正在追击马球。马球运动是在唐代的波斯传入中国的,在唐代广泛流行,甚至女性也都很喜欢打马球。唐代一共有21位皇帝,其中的15位皇帝都很擅长打马球。但遗憾的是,这项运动在明代以后逐渐消失。我们看到的另一幅壁画“迎宾图”,是从章怀太子墓出土的。这幅壁画形象地再现了唐代官员接持外国使臣的场面。其中三位外来使者,第一位来自于罗马,第二位来自于韩国或朝鲜,而最后一位是来自于中国东北的少数民族,这副壁画反映了唐王朝活跃的外交事务。

各位游客下面我们将会看到博物馆独一无二的镇馆之宝—“镶金兽首玛瑙杯”。这件玛瑙杯是由天然的整块玛瑙制作而成,以牛头为首,并雕刻了兽角。玛瑙的质地很硬,比我们知道的玉石都要硬,从这点来看,它的制作工艺的难度是令人难以想象的。它也是中国仅存的一件。

随着历史的脚步,我们来到了宋元明清展室。而从宋朝开始西安就不再是首都了,但是从军事角度来看,对于封建王朝来说,它仍然是非常重要。接下来我们将会看到最后一件国宝—“青袖提梁倒注壶”,我叫它“奇妙的壶”。产自中国北方八大民窑之一的耀州窑。当我们仔细观看时会发现这件壶没有盖子,所以很多朋友会问我怎样注水。在左手我们将会看到一个注水的示意图。按照图示,首先将壶倒转过来,我们将会看到一个梅花状的小孔,成U形管,所以水就是从底部的小孔注进去的。另外,牡丹、一只凤凰、一只狮子被装饰在壶身上。其中,牡丹花被视为花中之王,凤凰在中国被视为鸟中之王,狮子在中国被视为兽中之王。这三王争霸的倒流壶被看作是中国古代最好的手工艺品。

走到这,我们就结束了对陕西历史博物馆参观的参观,可以说我们用了15分钟时间走过了陕西115万年的历史。从中我们领略了中国古人所经历的风风雨雨,也了解了我们的祖先所创造的古代辉煌灿烂的古代文明。对历史多了一分了,大家是否在心中也生起了一分爱国情绪呢?在了解历史的同时,也请大家对我的讲解多提宝贵意见,谢谢大家。

篇二:2016陕西导游词

各位团友:

今天我们将旅行被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山,位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。

华山古称西岳,是我国五岳之一,因山峰做作排列若花状,故得名华山。1992年12月会山被评为全国景致名胜40佳之一。即便没来有来过华山的朋友也会从一些有趣的神话和掌故中懂得到一些华山的情形,如“自古华山一条路”、“华岳仙掌”、“沉香劈山救母”、“华山论剑”,以及近代的智取华山等,这些美丽的神话传说和故事体现了自古以来人们对华山的憧憬和崇敬。

华南山北瞰黄河,南依秦岭,被称为“华山如立”,全部山体线条简练,形如刀削、斧劈,奇峰突兀,巍峨壮丽。被誉为“天下奇险第一山”。

说到奇,它是由一块宏大的完全的花岗岩形成。古人云,“山无石不奇,无纯石不大奇”,“华山削成而四方,其广十里,高五千仞,一石也”是谓之“大奇”。华山共有五座主峰,其中东、西、南三峰最高,三峰鼎立矗立,“势飞向云外,影倒黄河里”,有“天外三峰”之称。提到险,其凌空架设的“长空栈道”,悬岩镌刻的“全真岩”,三面临空,上凸下凹的“风筝翻身”以及在峭壁悬岩上开凿的千尺童、百尺峡、老君犁沟、擦耳崖、苍龙岭等处都奇险异样。“自古华山一条路”。山中途径仅有南北一线,约10公里,逶迤崎岖,艰险曲折,不少地方真堪称是“一夫当关,万夫莫开”。

西岳除了有绚丽的天然景观之外,同时又有丰盛的历史文明积淀,人文景观亘古未有。仅山上山下及峪道沿途,题字、诗文、石刻就会使人流连忘返。

朋友们,我们现在来到的就是玉泉院,据说因这里的泉水与山顶的玉井相通,水质清洌甜蜜,故名“玉泉院”。它是攀缘华山的必经之地。相传为隐士陈抟所建。院内殿宇亭台、回廊波折,泉水淙淙,是游赏胜地。玉泉院与我们一会将会面到的东道院、镇岳宫都是道教的运动场合,现共有殿宇53间。院中建造多是清代乾隆年间从新建筑的。

各位友人,我们现在位于五峰之一北峰脚下,距华山谷口约10公里,这里是华山山峪水流的源头。请大家顺着我手指的方向看那些树,兴许是很多人都会意识它,对,就是青柯树。这里青柯树在此浮苍点黛,故名“青柯坪”。

过青柯坪至转意石。登山的道路由此交从平坦的石板路变为在峭壁上开凿的狭小的石梯,眼看山路回旋而上,许多意志单薄的游客来到这里都会翻然悔悟望山兴叹无功而返。

朋友们,现在我们已达到了北峰。经过前面三关,我想大家已经对华山的险有了必定的认识了吧。北峰双名云台峰,海拔1550米,这里山势峥嵘,三面悬绝,巍然独秀,有若云状,因恰似一座云台而得名。它的高度是最低的,却有着十分主要的地舆地位,它把守的四峰的要枢。我们眼前的这个小亭叫“军魂亭”,此名起源于景片《智取华山》。

现在我们来到的是中峰。中峰又名玉女峰。传说年龄时,华山隐士萧史,善吹洞箫,精美的箫声赢得秦穆公的小女儿弄玉的倾慕,使她废弃了豪华舒服的宫廷生涯,随箫史在此隐居,多年后二人修炼羽化乘凤而去,山上许多名胜也因而得名。有玉女洗头盆、捐躯树等。因为这则俏丽的恋情故事,华山在它博大、肃穆、深厚之后又被赋于了一些浪漫与温顺。

经中峰,我陪伴大家去东峰参观。

东峰,又称旭日峰,峰顶有向阳台,在此是观日出的最佳地方。山不在高,有仙则名。华山据传是众多仙人聚居的地方。道家仙境。传说宋太祖赵匡胤与华山山人陈抟老祖在一个孤峰,上有棋台,那就是他们下棋的处所。陈抟又叫希夷先生,是一个有道行的神仙,二人经由商讨,越匡胤以华山做赌注。成果输给了陈抟,按当时订破的前提,华山自此成为道家的道场且永有纳粮。在东东峰的东崖上,有一自然图案。大家看到了吧,像不像一只巨掌?这只巨掌20余丈,五指错落不齐,中指直贯高峰,每当日光照耀,五指跃然如悬图上。这就是所谓的“关中八景”之首的“华岳仙掌”。据说在良久以前,华山跟中条山相连,右足登开中条山,给黄河开出一条通道,当初咱们看到的就是河神的手指在托华山时留下的指印。

南峰又名落雁峰,是华山最顶峰,海拔2160米,来到这里如临仙境。正如古诗所云“惟有天在上,更无山与齐,仰头红日近,昂首白云低”。这里四处都是松林,杂以桧柏,迤逦数里,浓阴密闭。现在我们面前看到的是险要之处就是第四险关“长空栈疲惫”。长空栈道悬空半壁,下临深渊,是华山最险要处之一。不过人的胆量和动摇的意志,是不敢一游的。峰顶有“太上泉”,池水青绿澄澈,长年不竭,俗称“仰天池”。池崖上镌刻甚多,多为明清和近代诗人所题。武侠小说《射雕好汉传》中描述的“华山论剑”大略也是产生在南峰。

我们现在来到是华山的精髓局部。西峰,又称莲花峰,得名于峰顶翠云庙前右侧的那块大石,其状如莲花,山峰奇拨陡峭,如刀切剑削,壁立千仞。此峰最高处有“摘星台”,登台鸟瞰,秦川茫茫,蓝天如洗,浩瀚无际,渭、洛二水如银带,北望黄河细如丝。唐代大诗人李白观此景后曾写下“华山峥嵘何壮哉,黄河如丝天涯来”的漂亮诗句。

篇三:2016陕西导游词

黄河在内蒙古急转直下,将雄伟的黄土高原划为东西两半!陕北高原,正是这西边的一半!

陕北高原地表破碎,由于缺少树木,所以水土流失严重,每年有16万吨的泥沙在此被滚滚黄河卷走,黄河也因此而得名!但正是这恶劣的环境,养育出了豪迈的陕北文化!

说起陕北文化,民歌恐怕是大家最熟悉的,前些年从陕北走出的歌手——阿宝登上了星光大道的舞台,将陕北民歌唱遍了大江南北。陕北是民歌是陕北劳动人民精神、思想、感情的结晶。陕北民歌分为劳动号子、信天游、小调三类。这些自成体裁又各具特点的民歌,都从各方面反映了社会生活,唱出了陕北人民的苦乐和爱憎!

陕北剪纸也独具风格,是珍贵的地方文化遗产,是享誉中外的剪纸精华,也是最具边塞文化特色的民间艺术奇葩。为众多剪纸爱好者追捧。

陕北也被誉为“革命圣地”,陕北地区是革命老区,党中央和毛主席等老一辈无产阶级革命家在这里生活战斗过13年,留下了一大批宝贵的革命文物、革命纪念地和丰富的精神财富——陕北革命精神。全市境内的革命文物达140多处,其中最为重要的是延安市区内的凤凰山旧址、杨家岭旧址、枣园旧址、王家坪旧址、子长县瓦窑堡(原中共中央政治局会议旧址)等国家级保护文物。

陕北自古就是民族融合的“绳结区域”。从商周时代起,鬼方,猃狁,白狄,匈奴,林胡,稽胡,卢水胡,鲜卑,氐,突厥,党项,羌,女真,蒙古,满等少数民族先后以战胜者的雄姿,走上这块历史舞台,从而演出了一幕幕历史壮剧。

现在陕北相继有大型油,煤矿发现,成为中国能源的新宠儿!

八百里秦川

陕北往南,就是在有“八百里秦川”之称的关中地区

这块土地上,演绎过一幕幕朝代交替的悲欢离合······

陕西的首府———西安,走进它,你会为历史遗存的完美博大所震撼!西安,古称长安,是著名的丝绸之路的起点。西安,这座永恒的城市,就像一部史书,记录着中华民族的沧桑巨变,早在100多万年以前的旧石器时代,以西安蓝田人猿人为代表,揭开了中国历史的新篇章,到六七千年前的新石器时代这里的半坡村,是中国氏族制的典型代表。西安历史上有十三个王朝在此定都,从烽火戏诸侯的烽火台,再到杨贵妃沐浴的华清池,演绎这一幕幕王朝兴衰。中国的中心点在西安,难怪“秦中自古帝王州”!秦始皇在这里建了建筑史上的杰作——阿房宫,规模巨大的秦陵地宫,被成为世界第八大奇迹的兵马俑,在汉唐时期,显示全国经济文化中心,是当时人口最多的城市,“东有罗马,西有长安”,是先古代历史地位的写照,至今,西安是世界四大古都之一,他无愧于是华夏文明的发源地!

现在,正义这里为中心,建立起了沿欧亚大陆桥高新技术产业区,推动了西部经济快速发展。

陕西“江南”

陕南是指陕西南部地区,北靠秦岭、南倚巴山,汉江自西向东穿流而过。陕南从西往东依次是汉中、安康、商洛三地。

陕南的汉中等地自然条件方面具有明显的南方特征,主要栽种水稻,盛产桔子、茶叶。尤其是汉中,接近四川、重庆,通常采用四川方言。

陕西商洛位于陕西省东南部,主要河流为丹江,又称汉江流域的一部分,有南北过渡的气候条件以及秦楚文化融合的人文特征。

早在商朝时期,汉中就有了人类生息劳作的身影。在以后的年代中,汉中一度成为兵家争战之地,如刘邦、诸葛亮等都以汉中作为军事基地。

汉中是汉家发祥地,历史悠久。公元前312年秦惠文王首置汉中郡,迄今已有2300多年的历史。

由于这里在秦岭淮河线以南,属于长江流域,所以一年河水几乎从不结冰,气温也很少降到零度以下。

这些就是陕西的景色,就是黄土地上的历史与人文!

第四篇:陕西八景导游词

秦始皇兵马俑博物馆

游客朋友们,欢迎大家来到举世闻名的秦始皇兵马俑博物馆参观游览。这里展出的文物主要是距今2000多年的秦兵马俑,这些兵马俑象征着当年守卫秦始皇陵园的卫戍部队。

首先我向大家介绍一下秦始皇本人,秦始皇是中国历史上第一位皇帝。他姓嬴名政,公元前259年出生于赵国的都城邯郸。他13岁继位。22岁加冕。之后,秦王嬴政开始亲自执掌国家政权,不久,他便发动统一全国的战争。公元前221年,他统一了全国,建立了中国历史上第一个统一的、多民族的、中央集权制的封建王朝——秦。他认为自己功高三皇。德过五帝,于是,改王为皇帝,自称“始皇帝”。为了巩固统治,他创建了一整套自上而下官僚制度,他统一文字,法律,度量衡,货币,车轨等。这些制度对后世产生了深远的影响。他为了北击匈奴修筑的万里长城和南平百越开凿的兴安运河,都成为古代的伟大工程。他因此也被后世成为“千古一帝”。

但秦始皇又是一个穷奢极欲,好大喜功的人。他在统一天下的同时修建了“六国宫室”,还征集72万“刑徒”修建阿房宫和骊山陵墓。这座山丘就是秦始皇陵,它位于西安市以东35公里风景秀丽的骊山脚下,整个陵园占地面积56.25平方公里,修建时间长达38年之久,这在中国历史上是非常罕见的。秦始皇陵原高120米左右,周长2000米。经过2000多年的风雨剥蚀,现尚高47米,周长1400米。它的地下建筑也非常宏伟。据《史记》记载:“穿三泉下铜而致椁。宫观百官,奇器珍怪,徙藏满之。令将作机弩矢,有所穿近者辄射之。以水银为百川江河大海,机相灌输。上具天文,下具地理。以人鱼膏为烛,度不灭者久之。” 陵区内还有陪葬坑、陪葬墓等各类遗址600多处,已出土文物5万余件。

兵马俑陪葬坑是1974年3月杨志发等人在抗旱打井时偶尔发现的。经过考古探测共发现3处,根据发现时间命名为一、二、三号坑。1979年10月1日,一号兵马俑坑遗址保护大厅建成,并对外开放。1989年9月27日、1994年10月14日兵马俑三号坑和兵马俑二号坑也分别对外开放。

各位朋友,我们现在在参观的是一号坑。它是三个坑中最大的一个,是整个军阵的主体。它东西长230米,南北宽62米,面积14260平方米,为坑道式土木建筑结构,可出土陶俑陶马6000余件。陶俑按实战军阵排列,是一个由战车、步兵组成的长方形军阵。由前锋、侧翼、后卫、主体四个部分组成。前锋分三排站在俑坑最东端的长廊里,每排68件,共204件,均身着战袍,他们手执弓弩等远射兵器,担任着整个军阵的警戒任务,防止敌人旁敲侧击或从背后偷袭。在10道隔墙隔开的11个过洞里排列着38路面向东的纵队,中间还排列着驷马战车,陶俑全部身披铠甲,手执长兵器,威风凛凛,严阵以待,他们是一号坑的主力部队。

一号坑东端北20米处是二号坑。二号坑面积6000平方米,可出土驾车陶马350多匹,骑兵用鞍冉100余匹,各种武士俑近1000件,木质战车89辆。是一个由车兵、步兵、骑兵、弩兵组成的曲尺形军阵,由四个小阵组成。弩兵阵位于东部突出的大斗部分,四周是170件立射俑,中心部位是160件跪射俑。临战时,可以轮番射击,有效地阻止敌人进攻。车兵阵在俑坑南部,由64乘驷马战车组成,每乘战车都配有1个御手,两个甲士,无隶属步兵。中部是由19辆战车,264件步兵和8组骑兵组成的混合军阵。骑兵阵在整个车阵的北侧,由战车6乘,鞍马和骑兵俑各124件组成。这4个方阵有机联系构成一个大阵,又可以分开组成四个独立的小阵,能攻能守,自我保护力强,反应快速,是秦军中最具战斗力的部队。

游客朋友们,请看这件兵俑,它就是鼎鼎大名的将军俑。秦俑坑8000多件陶俑仅仅有7尊将军俑。这件将军俑,身着双重战袍,上有鱼鳞甲衣,头戴双卷尾鹖冠(鹖是古代一种黑色的鸟,据说其性情猛烈,与同类相残竟“死乃止”),借此显示着将军的骁勇善战。细心的游客朋友应该注意到了: 在将军俑的衣甲的胸前、背后、双肩共有八个花结,显示他军阶的高贵。他脚登翘尖履,双手相叠置于腹前,显得儒雅稳健,气度不凡。

我们再来看三号坑,三号坑面积最小,只有520平方米,共出土陶俑68件,有四马一车,兵器34件,三号坑的性质根据专家的考证,可能是一二号坑的指挥部,当时叫“军幕”。原因有5点:(1)坑内的武士都是环绕四周墙壁,面对面相向排列,说明这些武士是担任警卫的卫队。(2)战车通车彩绘,上配华盖。车上的乘员头戴单卷尾长冠。这完全不同于一般的战车,应该是级别较高的指挥战车。(3)俑坑中出土的兵器大部分是铜殳,殳在当时已经由最初的实战兵器演化为仪仗队中的礼兵器了。(4)三号坑的形制和一号坑二号坑不同,它是按古代指挥部的形状构筑的。从布局上分为: 南厢房车马房北厢房三部分。(5)三号坑被布置在一号坑军阵尾部左侧,二号坑军阵之后,说明它地位的重要性。所以专家们判断三号坑象征着秦国战争时的指挥部。

现在让我们前去欣赏被誉为“奇中之奇,宝中之宝”的秦陵彩绘铜车马。秦陵彩绘铜车马分为前后两乘,前面这辆车叫“高车”,后面的车叫“安车”。高车是起保护作用的兵车,总重量1061公斤。安车是主人乘坐的车子,总重量1241公斤。两车主要用青铜铸造而成,并配有大量的金银饰件。整个马车都是仿照真车真马真人制作,除尺寸约为真车真马真人的二分之一,其他都与真车真马无异,大家看蓬盖,它上面没有焊缝,也没有锻打的痕迹,说明它是一次锻造而成的,并且烧铸得相当均匀,最薄的地方为一毫米,最厚的地方只有4毫米,令人赞叹不已。铜车马采用了铸造,镶嵌,焊接子母扣连接等十几种工艺。最为广泛的是子母扣连接,也就是我们今天所使用的手表链的连接方法,像马笼头就是由一节金管,一节银管,采用子母扣连接而成的,装饰的是缨络,采用了青铜拔丝法,青铜丝的直径只有0.1~0.5毫米,秦陵铜车马是迄今为止考古史上发现的体型最大的,结构最复杂,系驾关系最完整的一组典型的古代单辕双轮车,被誉为“青铜之冠”。

1978年法国总统希拉克参观本馆之后,感慨地说“世界上有七大奇迹,秦俑的发现可以说是第八大奇迹了,不看金字塔不算是去过埃及,不到兵马俑不算是真正来过中国”。这充分表达了外国元首对中国古代文明的由衷赞叹,它不仅是奇迹,也是我们中华民族的骄傲!我的讲解到这里就结束了,希望我有限的解说能给大家带来无限的收获和快乐。

华清池

各位游客: 今天,我们将要参观的是驰名中外的皇家园林——华清池。据史料记载,华清池有6000年的温泉使用史和3000年的皇家园林建筑史。华清池温泉因开发利用早,并备受历代帝王青睐,享有“天下第一温泉”的美誉。

华清池位于骊山脚下,旖旎秀丽的自然风光,自然造化的天然温泉,吸引了历代天子。骊山是秦岭支脉,海拔1301.9米,满山松柏,青翠欲滴,远远看去就像一匹青苍色的骏马,古代称青苍色为骊色,故名骊山; 又说这里曾经是古骊戎国的所在地,所以称为骊山。相传周幽王曾在此修建骊宫; 秦始皇在此“砌石起宇”取名骊山汤; 汉武帝时,在秦的基础上修葺扩建为离宫。到了唐代,唐太宗诏令在此营建宫殿楼阁取名“汤泉宫”,唐高宗改名温泉宫。唐玄宗再次扩建,747年新宫落成,取西晋文学家左思《魏都赋》中“温泉毖涌而自浪,华清荡斜而难老”的诗意,正式定名为“华清宫”。又因其以温泉为特征,所以又称“华清池”这一名称沿用至今。

今天的华清池是在清代建筑基础上经多次修缮,扩建及发掘复原唐代遗址后形成的,占地面积为85560平方米,是唐华清宫的十分之一。华清池是唐玄宗与杨贵妃爱情罗曼史的见证地,从公元747年至755年,每年十月唐玄宗都要携带杨贵妃姊妹及亲信大臣从京都长安来华清宫温泉沐浴,号称“避寒”,直到第二年暮春三月才返回京师。公元750年,玄宗和贵妃在长生殿前相依而立,对天盟誓“在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝”。华清池不仅是避寒之宫,也成为商议国事、接见外使的政务之地,故有“第二都城、第二长安”之称。我们眼前的这个湖叫九龙湖。湖的面积为5300平方米,分为上下两池,中有九龙长堤东西横贯,堤上东为晚霞亭,西为晨旭亭,与上湖南岸的龙吟榭相映成趣。堤壁间有八龙吐水,与大龙头合为九龙之数,以体现皇帝的九五之尊。长堤西边有座龙石舫,两只龙头高高仰起,犹如一座华丽的龙舟,正欲破浪前行。与其相连的是九曲回廊,好像龙身。湖岸四周,是相互毗连的唐代建筑,红墙绿瓦,古色古香。九龙湖北面的这座大殿叫“飞霜殿”,当冬天雪花飞舞时,独此殿前雪落为霜,故名“飞霜殿”,相传此殿是唐玄宗和杨贵妃的寝殿。飞霜殿的东边是“沉香殿”,西边是“宜春殿”,在它们的映衬下,飞霜殿更显得富丽堂皇,端庄大度。

华清宫是唐玄宗和杨贵妃爱情罗曼史的见证地。杨贵妃小名玉环,祖籍陕西华阴,生于山西永济。她天资聪慧,通音律,善歌舞。17岁便长得如花似玉,美若天仙,被唐玄宗册封为十八子寿王李瑁妃。唐玄宗爱妃武惠病逝后,玄宗整日闷闷不乐。洞知玄宗心思的高力士便搜外宫,选中了杨玉环。开元二十八(740)年,唐玄宗在温泉宫召见杨玉环,拉开了唐玄宗和杨贵妃的爱情罗曼史序幕。唐玄宗让杨玉环去做女道,赐其号为“太真”。从此杨玉环便以太真的身份伴随玄宗左右。公元745年,唐玄宗将杨玉环册封为贵妃,当时玄宗已经61岁,杨贵妃才27岁。杨玉环娇艳美丽,雍容大度博得唐玄宗欢心,共同的音乐舞蹈素养又使他们情趣相投。唐玄宗对杨玉环的宠爱真可谓“后宫佳丽三千人,三千宠爱在一身”。两人在骊山的长生殿里,发下了“在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝”的爱情誓言。直到安史之乱,唐玄宗偕杨贵妃逃至马嵬坡,将士相逼,唐玄宗不得不赐死杨贵妃,死时年仅38岁。

下面,我们去御汤遗址博物馆参观。有人说唐玄宗李隆基能年过半百依然风流倜傥,杨玉环能始终三千宠爱在一身,都与他们经常沐浴温泉有关。1982年在清理唐代建筑遗址的时候,发现了莲花汤、海棠汤、星辰汤、太子汤以及尚食汤五个皇家汤池。1990年建成我国唯一的汤池博物馆——唐华清宫御汤遗址博物馆,重现了唐时“宫前内里汤名别,每个白玉芙蓉开”的盛景。为研究古代沐浴发展史,唐代宫廷建筑及封建社会的等级制度等提供了详细的实物资料。

海棠汤,俗称贵妃池,是专供杨贵妃沐浴的,因平面酷似盛开的海棠花而得名。池分上、下两层台,用24块青石砌成,长3.6米,宽2.9米。池底中央有一直径约10厘米的进水口,上接莲花喷头,下接陶水管道,并与温泉总源相通。泉水因自然压力从喷头中喷出,随之洒落而下,飞珠走玉,水花四溅,香岚袅袅,极为绝妙。我们可以想象当年“水汽朦胧暖画梁,一回开殿满山香”的景象。杨贵妃在此沐浴近八个春秋。白居易《长恨歌》中“春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂,侍儿扶起娇无力,始是新承恩泽时。”形象地描写了贵妃出浴的柔媚风姿。

莲花汤,又叫御汤九龙殿,是专供唐玄宗李隆基沐浴的。汤池为八边形,东西长10.6米,南北宽6米,池中2个进水孔,并安有双莲花底座。据《明皇杂录》记载,安禄山为取悦唐玄宗,从范阳取上等汉白玉雕成鱼、龙、飞雁,还有双莲花底座放于池中,供皇帝享用。可是,唐玄宗刚一下水,随水波的浮动,这些雕塑有的举鳞舞动,有的展翅飞翔,简直像活了一样,唐玄宗受了惊吓,于是下令将石雕统统打磨掉,只留下双莲花底座,可能是为了反映唐玄宗与杨贵妃有共浴莲花水、永做并蒂莲的美好愿望吧。

星辰汤是供唐太宗李世民沐浴的。建于公元644年,比贵妃池要早100年,而且延续历史最悠久。考古工作者在此汤池下发现了秦始皇的“骊山汤”,汉武帝的“汉离宫”等文化遗存。

右边这个小规模的殿宇就是沐浴者更衣休息的地方。殿内四周有条浅浅的不宽的环渠,这叫散水。当年,渠中有温泉水自然流动,水温达40度,水汽蒸腾不断散发热量,使殿内温暖如春,这道散水沟就成为中国最早的暖气设施。

尚食汤规模小,形制单一,建有多个进水口,供随行皇帝出游的内侍六部官员所用。太子汤是专供太子所用的。

这一组汤池形制各异,设计科学,池壁合缝严密细致,虽历经千年沧桑,仍显一派恢宏的皇家气势。

看罢了御汤遗址,我们来到了温泉总源处。骊山温泉是华清池的灵魂,骊山温泉水温43度,总流量每小时达112吨,温泉水中含有多种矿物质和微量元素,对人体的皮肤病、风湿病、关节炎等都有很好的疗效。

这里是环园——西安事变旧址所在地。环园是1878年临潼县令沈家祯主持营建的,清康熙、慈禧曾驻跸于此。1936年10月、12月,蒋介石先后两次下榻于环园五间厅,布置“剿共”事宜,顽固坚持“攘外必先安内”的政策。12月12日,张学良、杨虎城在此发动了震惊中外的“西安事变”,扣押了蒋介石。在以周恩来为团长的中共代表团的努力下,12月23日和24日举行了三方会谈,达成了“停止内战,一致抗日”的六项协议。西安事变的和平解决,促进了抗日民族统一战线的初步形成,开始了国共合作的新时期。1982年西安事变旧址“五间厅”“三间厅”被国务院公布为“全国第二批重点文物保护单位”。

梨园是唐玄宗和杨贵妃在华清宫教习梨园子弟的地方,1995年在唐代旧址上恢复重建的。我们知道唐玄宗和杨贵妃的爱情能成为千古绝唱,是因为他们有着对音乐和舞蹈的共同爱好。据说,杨贵妃擅长霓裳羽衣舞,如白居易所写“此曲只应天上有,人间能得几回闻”。现在,华清池管理处为了让大家能充分领略到大唐歌舞升平的盛世,每天定时举办“贵妃伴驾游”等仿唐舞蹈。中国首部大型山水实景歌舞剧《长恨歌》是以白居易长篇叙事诗《长恨歌》改编而成的歌舞文化盛宴,通过歌舞艺术手法再现唐玄宗与杨玉环委婉动人、千古绝唱的爱情故事,大家可以一睹为快。

各位游客,我的讲解就到这里结束了,谢谢

华 山

游客朋友们,大家好!

今天我们将游览被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山,位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。

华山古称西岳,是我国五岳之一,因山峰自然排列如花状,故得名华山。1992年12月被评为全国风景名胜40佳之一。即使没有来过华山的朋友也会从一些有趣的神话和掌故中了解到一些华山的情况,如“自古华山一条路”、“华岳仙掌”、“沉香劈山救母”、“华山论剑”,以及近代的智取华山等,这些美丽的神话传说和故事体现了自古以来人们对华山的向往和崇拜。

华山北瞰黄河,南依秦岭,被称为“华山如立”,整个山体线条简洁,形如刀削、斧劈,奇峰突兀,巍峨壮丽。被誉为“天下奇险第一山”。

说到奇,是因为华山是由一块巨大完整的花岗岩构成。古人云,“山无石不奇,无纯石不大奇”,“华山削成而四方,其广十里,高五千仞,一石也”是谓之“大奇”。

华山共有五座主峰,其中东、西、南三峰最高,三峰鼎峙耸立,“势飞向云外,影倒黄河里”,有“天外三峰”之称。提到险,其凌空架设的“长空栈道”,悬岩镌刻的“全真岩”,三面临空,上凸下凹的“鹞子翻身”以及在峭壁悬岩上开凿的千尺幢、百尺峡、老君犁沟、擦耳崖、苍龙岭等处都奇险异常。“自古华山一条路”。山中道路仅有南北一线,约10公里,逶迤曲折,艰险崎岖,不少地方真可谓是“一夫当关,万夫莫开”。

华山除了有壮丽的自然景观之外,同时又有丰富的历史文化积淀,人文景观比比皆是。仅山上山下及峪道沿途,题字、诗文、石刻就会使人流连忘返。

我们现在来到的地方是玉泉院,据说因这里的泉水与山顶的玉井相通,水质清冽甘美,故名“玉泉院”。它是攀登华山的必经之地。相传为隐士陈抟所建。院内殿宇亭台、回廊曲折、泉水淙淙,是游赏胜地。玉泉院与我们一会儿将见到的东道院、镇岳宫都是道教的活动场所,现共有殿宇53间,院中建筑多是清代乾隆年间重新修建的。

各位游客,我们现在位于五峰之一北峰脚下,距华山谷口约10公里,这里是华山山峪水流的源头。请大家顺着我手指的方向看那些树,也许是许多人都会认识它,对,就是青柯树。这里青柯树在此浮苍点黛,故名“青柯坪”。

过青柯坪至回心石,登山的道路由此从平坦的石板路变为在峭壁上开凿的狭窄的石梯,眼看山路盘旋而上,许多意志薄弱的游客来到这里都会回心转意望山兴叹,无功而返。朋友们,现在我们已经到达了北峰。北峰双名云台峰,海拔1550米,这里山势峥嵘,三面绝壁,巍然独秀,有若云状,因恰似一座云台而得名。它的高度是最低的,却有着非常重要的地理位置,它扼守的四峰要枢。我们面前这个小亭叫“军魂亭”,此名来源于影片《智取华山》。

经过跋涉,现在我们来到的是中峰。中峰又名玉女峰。传说春秋时,华山隐士萧史,善吹洞箫,优美的箫声博得秦穆公的小女儿弄玉的爱慕,使她放弃了奢华舒适的宫廷生活,随萧史在此隐居,多年后二人修炼成仙乘凤而去,山上许多名胜也因此得名。有玉女洗头盆,舍身树等。由于这则爱情故事,华山在它博大,庄严,深沉之后又被赋予了一些浪漫与温柔。

经中峰,我陪同大家去东峰参观。

东峰,又称朝阳峰,峰顶有朝阳台,在此是观日出的最佳地方。山不在高,有仙则名。华山据说是众多神仙聚居的地方。道家仙境。传说宋太祖赵匡胤与华山隐士陈抟老祖在一个孤峰,上有棋台,那就是他们下棋的地方。陈抟又叫希夷先生,是一个有道行的仙人。二人经过商议,赵匡胤以华山做赌注。结果输给了陈抟。按事先订立的条件,华山自此成为道家的道场且永不纳粮纳贡。在东峰的东崖上,有一天然图案,大家看,像不像一只巨掌? 这只巨掌20余丈,五指参差不齐,中指直贯顶峰,每当日光照射,五指跃然如悬图上。这就是“关中八景”之首的“华岳仙掌”。据说在很久以前,华山和中条山相连,右足蹬开中条山,给黄河开出一条通道,现在我们看到的就是河神的手指在托华山时留下的指印。

南峰又名落雁峰,是华山最高峰,海拔2160米,来到这里如临仙境。正如古诗所云“惟有天在上,更无山与齐,抬头红日近,俯首白云低”。这里四周都是松林,杂以桧柏,迤逦数里,浓荫密闭。现在我们眼前看到的险要之处就是第四险关“长空栈道”。栈道悬空半壁,下临深渊,是华山最险要处之一。没有过人胆量和坚定意志,是不敢一游的。峰顶有“太上泉”,池水青绿澄澈,常年不竭,俗称“仰天池”。池崖上镌刻甚多,多为明清和近代诗人所题。武侠小说《射雕英雄传》中描写的“华山论剑”大概也是发生在南峰。我们现在来到华山的精华部分,西峰,又称莲花峰。得名于峰顶翠云庙前右侧的那块大石,其状如莲花,山峰奇拔峻峭,如刀切剑削,壁立千仞。此峰最高处有“摘星台”,登台俯瞰,秦川茫茫,蓝天如洗,浩瀚无际,渭、洛二水如银带,北望黄河细如丝。唐代大诗人李白观此景后曾写下“西岳峥嵘何壮哉,黄河如丝天际来”的美丽诗句。

现在我们看到的巨石叫“斧劈石”,石身有一条0.66米宽的裂缝,关于这条裂缝也有一个感人的传说。玉皇大帝的小女儿圣母被玉帝打下凡间,她与刘彦昌相爱后,结为夫妻。二郎神杨戬大骂其妹私配凡夫,违反天条,于是将三圣母压在华山西峰顶的巨石下。三圣母和刘彦昌的儿子,名叫沉香,当沉香长大成人,得知真相后,来到华山,打败杨戬,劈开压在母亲身上的巨石,将其救出,全家得以团聚。这就是“劈山救母”的传说。

亿万年的鬼斧神工,造就了华山惊险壮丽的自然景观。千百年文人墨客的咏颂,使华山积累了丰富的文化内涵。可以说,华山与华夏紧紧相连,是中华民族的象征; 从关于华山的传说,掌故中我们可以看出,它不但博大、典雅、深沉、甚至还有一丝浪漫与温柔,这不正是我们中华民族的写照吗? 最后,祝愿我们中华民族像华山一样永远屹立在世界的东方。

严肃,而且幽默、诙谐,陕西历史博物馆

各位朋友,大家好!

欢迎大家跟随我来到陕西历史博物馆共同参观游览。

陕西历史博物馆是遵照周恩来总理生前遗愿建造的,于1991年6月正式建成对外开放,是一座大型现代化国家级博物馆,占地约7万平方米,建筑面积5.6万平方米。博物馆由张锦秋女士设计,是一组仿唐建筑群,着意突出了盛唐风采,布局上借鉴了中国传统建筑“轴线对称,主从有序,中央殿堂,四隅崇楼”的结构特点,典雅凝重,气势恢宏。

博物馆集陕西省文物之精华,用3000多件文物精品展示了以周、秦、汉、唐为重点的陕西古代文明。

步入序言大厅,首先映入眼帘的是奔腾咆哮的黄河壶口瀑布的浮雕和巨型走狮。黄河是我们中华民族的母亲河,也是孕育陕西文化的摇篮。雄伟的走狮原立于武则天母亲杨氏的顺陵前。它雕刻精美,造型雄伟,堪称“东方第一狮”。狮子和石狮的雕刻艺术是从阿富汗传入的,因此,这尊石狮不仅是陕西历史文化的反映,也是中西方文化交融的产物。

陕西历史博物馆的基本陈列即陕西古代史陈列,由史前、西周、秦、汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元明清7个部分组成。系统地展示了陕西自蓝田猿人至鸦片战争的发展历程。

走进史前时期,我们首先看到的就是蓝田猿人的头骨化石,她是1964年在蓝田县公王岭发现的,是一位30多岁的女性,距今约115万年,是迄今所知亚洲北部最早的直立人。继蓝田猿人之后,1978年在陕西大荔县又发现了距今约20——18万年的大荔人头骨化石,是目前为止中国古人类考古中发现的最古老、最完整的早期智人头骨化石。

随着人类社会的发展,人类进入了仰韶文化时期,距今约7000——6000年,属于母系氏族的繁荣期。半坡遗址、姜寨遗址都是这一文化遗存。半坡出土的人面鱼纹盆,反映了半坡人与鱼的密切关系。同时,姜寨遗址发现的38种,半坡遗址发现的27种刻画符号,是汉字的萌芽。随着社会经济的发展,人类就进入了父系社会时期。龙山文化就是父系氏族文化的典型代表。龙山文化之后,历史进入了传说时代,黄帝就是这个时期一位杰出的领袖,他被尊为中华民族的祖先。在皇帝之后,人类历史上又出现了三位杰出的领袖——尧、舜、禹。

后来,禹的儿子启建立了夏朝。从此,中国便进入了奴隶制时期。夏王朝的政治中心在河南,陕西境内主要是周族的形成、发展与兴盛。周族实际上经历了周民族、周方国、西周王朝三个不同的发展阶段。现在我们看到的这个文物叫“鼎”,它是奴隶社会鼎盛时期西周王朝的一件青铜器。青铜指铜和锡的合金,因颜色青灰而得名。而鼎,本来是一种炊具,即煮肉的锅,后来随着礼乐制度的强化,鼎也逐渐成为一种权利和等级的象征。传说夏禹曾制九鼎,代表天下九州,作为政权象征。以后就把取得天下叫做“定鼎”。春秋时,五霸之一的楚庄王就曾遣使询问周朝九鼎的大小轻重,以后“问鼎”就成了企图篡夺政权的代名词。西周的列鼎列簋制度等级森严,“天子九鼎八簋,诸侯七鼎六簋,大夫五鼎四簋,士三鼎二簋”,如果僭越,就会受到严厉的惩罚。

五祀卫鼎为国宝级文物,内壁铸有铭文19行共207字,讲述了西周中期一件土地交易事件,铭文中还有确切纪年。这一件是国宝级文物多友鼎,是建国以来陕西地区出土铭文数量最多的鼎,共279个字,记载了周厉王时期,多友率兵追击猃狁,杀敌俘获、收复土地的一场战争和周毛奖赏而铸鼎的事。

我们再来看看东方帝国“秦”的诞生。秦人发端于西陲,公元前760年被承认为诸侯,后在雍城建都。几经迁都,定于咸阳。公元前221年,秦王嬴政“扫六合而荡天下”,建立了统一的中央集权制的封建国家。秦始皇统一六国后,为了维护其统治,采取了一系列措施,在全国范围内统一了文字,货币,法律,车轨和度量衡等。

我们现在看到的这个货币就是秦统一六国之后的通行货币——秦半两。上面这些货币就是统一前的六国货币。货币不统一,大大地阻碍了经济的发展。于是,圆形方孔的半两钱便应运而生。古人讲“天圆地方”,并且是天包地,所以秦半两就意味着“圆以象天,方以则地”。这种精神为以后两千多年的封建统治者所接收,并一直保持到清末。古书上也因此把钱称为“孔方兄”。秦半两的制作很科学,中间有小孔,可用绳子穿起来便于携带; 外围为圆形,则不易产生磨损。中国古代有三大货币,除秦代的货币秦半两外,还有汉代的五铢钱和唐代的通宝钱,我们在后面也可看到。

秦始皇号称“千古一帝”,但同时他也是历史上一位有名的暴君,残暴的统治终于激起了人们的反抗。陈胜吴广领导的大泽乡起义爆发了,随后四年的“楚汉相争”推翻了秦王朝的统治。公元前202年,汉高祖刘邦登基,汉王朝就正式登上了历史舞台。

汉朝时我国封建社会的第一个高峰时期,中华民族主体的汉族在这一时期正式形成。中国的方块字也从这时起被称为汉字。正因为如此,今天世界上仍有很多国家把“汉”作为中国人和中国文化的代称。

大家先来看看这件国宝级文物——皇后玉玺。玉玺上方凸雕螭虎形纽,底面篆书“皇后之玺”4字; 质地为新疆和田羊脂玉。很可能是吕后生前所用的印章。“皇后之玺”是迄今发现唯一的汉代皇后玉玺,对研究秦汉帝后玺印制度有着十分重要的意义。

鎏金银竹节熏炉也是国宝级文物,熏炉底座上透雕两条蟠龙,龙张口咬住竹柄。柄的上端有三条蟠龙将熏炉托起。熏炉为博山形,炉体上部浮雕四条金龙,整件熏炉被九条龙装饰。据炉盖外侧铭文记载,熏炉原在未央宫,建元五年(前136年),汉武帝将其赐给姐姐阳信长公主及其丈夫卫青。

大家请看这张地图,西汉张骞两次出使西域,闻名于世的“丝绸之路”从此开通。西域的植物、良马、乐舞传入中原,中原的丝绸、茶叶、瓷器等传到西域,长安随之成为亚洲最大的国际交流中心。其实,我们现在吃到的葡萄、石榴、黄瓜、蚕豆、核桃、猕猴桃等,都是西汉时从西域传入中原的进口食品。

汉朝灭亡后,我国历史进入了魏晋南北朝时期。这一时期历时369年,政权更迭,战乱频繁,是我国历史上最为动荡的时期。同时这一时期也是历史上佛教大发展时期、民族大融合时期。所以,这一时期的文物具有浓郁的地域色彩和军事色彩。

走过动荡的魏晋南北朝,让我们步入我国封建社会的鼎盛时期——隋唐。这也是陕西历史文化的黄金时代。这一时期的政治、经济和文化都达到了空前繁荣,对后世的影响非常深远,至今侨居海外的华人仍被称为“唐人”,他们居住的地方称为“唐人街”。

唐都长安城是在隋朝大兴城的基础上建立起来的,周长36.7公里,面积83.1平方公里。长安城分为三大部分,即宫城、皇城和外郭城。城中有十四条东西向大街和十一条南北向大街,将外郭城划分为108个区域,即108个坊。朱雀大街是长安城的中轴线,在当时的宽度为155米。东市和西市,是当时唐长安城的主要商业区,也是国内外贸易的重要场所,唐长安城的人口约百万,其中还包括百分之五的外国人,是一座名副其实的国际性大都市。

唐代的金银器十分具有代表性。看这件鎏佥舞马衔杯银壶,整个壶的造型是模仿北方游牧民族的皮囊壶制成,壶身两侧模压出两匹舞马形象。唐玄宗时,宫中养了好几百匹舞马。每逢八月五日玄宗生日时,舞马披金戴银,随着乐曲翩翩起舞。一曲结束后,舞马会衔着地上盛满酒的酒杯到皇帝面前祝寿。银壶上的舞马衔杯就是当时祝寿情景的真实再现。这件银壶已被列为国宝级文物。

再看这件三彩骆驼载乐俑,是历史博物馆18件国宝中唯一的三彩器物。骆驼的背上架有一个平台,平台上还有8个神态各异的乐师。其中,7个男乐俑面向外坐成一圈,手里分别拿着不同的乐器,个个神情专注。中间亭亭玉立着一位女子,似正在载歌载舞。唐代工匠们将艺术夸张和实际生活完美结合的技艺达到相当高的水平。

此外,这里展出的鸳鸯纹莲瓣金碗、鎏金鹦鹉纹提梁银罐、兽首玛瑙杯等,都是国宝级文物。

最后,让我们进入宋元明清看看。公元960年,宋代赵匡胤黄袍加身定都开封,元、明、清分别建都南京和北京。陕西从此失去了京都地位,但仍然是封建王朝控制西北、西南的军事重镇。又由于周、秦、汉、唐的灿烂文化形成一种巨大的惯性,所以这一时期陕西的经济文化仍然保持了一定的水准和发展势头。

大家请看,这是相扑俑砖,雕刻着两个力士的形象。他们都赤裸着上身,下穿短裤,两人双拳紧握,怒目圆睁,好像都在等待即将到来的一场角逐一样。相扑最早可追溯到西周,当时只是一种强身健体的活动。汉代时称“角抵”,类似今天的摔跤。唐代时发展成为一种体育竞技,始称“相扑”。奈良时代相扑由我国传入日本,后被其发扬光大。

宋代的瓷器非常有名,这件青釉提梁倒灌壶为国宝级文物。壶的提梁是一敦凤凰,壶嘴是一只仰卧的母狮和一只正在吸吮乳汁的幼狮,非常生动。壶盖、梁、身连为一体,注水口在壶底中央,是一个梅花形小孔,注水时将壶身倒翻过来,水从母狮口中流出为盛满,这是再把壶身翻正,壶嘴正常出水而壶底不漏水。这种现象运用了“连通容器内液面等高”的物理原理。同样,这件黑釉油滴碗也是国宝级瓷器。

朋友们,一转眼我们已经走过了100多万年的历史,我为大家的讲解到此结束,谢谢大家。

西安碑林博物馆

各位游客,大家好!欢迎大家跟随我共同走进西安碑林博物馆进行参观。

西安碑林博物馆位于西安市三学街孔庙旧址,为一组传统的庙宇式建筑群。走进博物馆,首先映入眼帘的是南边的一座雕梁画栋的木牌坊,名“太和元气坊”。它是明万历年间皇族捐资400多两黄金修建的。牌坊的南面是照壁,又名塞门。照壁外有清末陕西著名书画家刘晖题写的“孔庙”二字。现在,孔庙的们为东西开,西门称“礼门”,东门称“义路”,其意是出入礼义之门。牌坊的北面是泮池,形如半璧,中间以泮桥连接。古代,天子之学称为辟雍,诸侯之学为泮宫。泮宫是学府的代称,科举时代,只有考中秀才的人才有资格进入泮宫继续深造,叫做“入泮”。

泮池北面第一道门叫棂星门,棂星是主管科举取士的神。第二道门叫戟门,为古代祭祀孔子时陈磊仪仗性兵器的地方。

穿过戟门,左边的一座亭子内置放着雕刻于公元424年大夏时的一匹石马。它形象生动,浑厚有力。马的两条腿间还雕刻着一个被征服者。大夏是匈奴族建立的最后一个政权,属于东晋时期的十六国之一。由于当时战争不断,各国统治的时间也较短,留下的文物较少,因此,这匹石马显得很珍贵。而与石马相对的是右边亭内悬挂的景云钟。景云钟原挂在唐长安城景龙观的钟楼上,明朝时悬挂在西安钟楼上为全城人民报时。1953年移入西安碑林。景云钟是世界名钟,中央人民广播电台每年除夕辞旧迎新的钟声就是景云钟的声音。

我们眼前的碑林广场,原是孔庙大成殿所在地,但1959年9月大成殿毁于雷火。

西安碑林博物馆的陈列内容分别为“西安碑林”和“石刻艺术”两大部分。

碑林,因碑石丛立如林而得名,始建于公元1087年,距今已有900余年的历史,收藏碑刻3000多方,是收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最大、名碑最多的一座艺术宝库,被誉为“石质书库”、“书法的故乡”。西安碑林是在保存唐代石经的基础上发展起来的,“碑林”这个名字是清代初年才确定的。现集中展出了汉魏至明清的碑石、墓志1000多件,共分7个展室、6个墓志廊和8个碑亭展出。

我们面前这座碑亭是专为陈列《石台孝经》修建的。匾额上的“碑林”二字出自清代著名爱国将领林则徐之手。

《孝经》是孔子的学生曾参编纂,专门讲孝道的。《石台孝经》唐玄宗李隆基亲自作序、书写并注释用隶书,目的是表示自己要以孝来治理天下。此碑建在三层石台之上,所以叫做《石台孝经》。碑额由皇太子李亨亲书。碑高近6米,碑首、碑身、碑座共用35块巨石组合而成,碑身由4石合成,碑冠刻有精致的蔓草和瑞兽的线刻画。整体造型端庄,风格独特,装饰华丽,体型高大,被称为“迎客第一碑”。

碑林第一陈列室,陈列的是《开成石经》,内容包括《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《周礼》、《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左氏传》、《春秋公羊传》、《春秋谷梁传》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》等12部经书,共计650252字,用石114方,228面。清代补刻的《孟子》17面,3万余字也陈列于此,合称《十三经》。这些儒家经典是封建社会知识分子必读之书。因为当时印刷术不很发达,为了避免文人学士们在传抄经典时出现错误,并能永久保存,就把这些经书刻在石碑上,作为范本,供人们校对。我国自东汉开始,曾先后7次刻经。《开成石经》是目前仅存的一套完整的石刻经书。

公元1555年关中发生大地震。碑林遭受严重破坏,《开成石经》114面,有40面被震倒折断。这就是为什么我们能看到一些碑石断裂痕迹的原因。1588年,陕西学官叶时荣等将《开成石经》上所有残缺的文字,都照石经字样补刻在96块小石碑上,放置在石经的旁边,使《开成石经》成为一部完整的石刻书籍保存下来。

第二陈列室,陈列着唐代著名书法家写的石碑,这些都是人们学习书法的范本。其中有著名书法家欧阳询写的《皇甫诞碑》、欧阳通写的《道因法师碑》、颜真卿写的《多宝塔碑》和《颜氏家庙碑》、柳公权写的《玄秘塔碑》、长安弘福寺怀仁和尚集王羲之的字刻成的、世称“千金帖”的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》,以及中外驰名的《大秦景教流行中国碑》。

《大秦景教流行中国碑》是研究唐代中外文化交流的宝贵资料。“大秦”是中国古代对罗马帝国的称呼。“景教”是基督教聂斯脱利派传入中国后的名称。景教在唐太宗贞观九年(635年)由阿罗本传到长安。此碑刻于唐德宗建中二年。碑文记述了景教的教义、教旨,以及在我国的传播活动情况。还有用古叙利亚文刻的记事和僧徒多人名字。公元1907年,英国派丹麦人荷尔漠来西安,企图以3000两白银收买此碑。陕西巡抚得知此事,将此碑移存碑林。荷尔漠只好复制一通石碑运往伦敦。现在世界上有六座复制的“景教碑”。在《大秦景教流行中国碑》对面,我们看到的这几通碑石是唐代著名大书法家颜真卿书写的,分别是《多宝塔碑》、《颜氏家庙碑》以及《争座位稿帖》。颜真卿不仅书法潇洒,而且在历史上也以忠贞有节,刚正不屈著称。他的书法字如其人。颜真卿书法初学褚遂良,后来跟随张旭学习草书,在正楷中参入篆书。其书法特点可用4个字概括,那就是“圆、大、厚、方”。他的行书气势开张,挥洒自如,对后世影响很大,人称“颜体”。

第三陈列室陈列着历代各种书体名碑,其中包括篆、隶、楷、行、草等多种书体,通过这些碑石,我们可以清楚地看到汉字演变的过程。第四展室陈列着宋元至明清时期的一些著名书家如苏东坡、黄庭坚、米芾、祝允明等人的诗文书迹,以及《关帝诗竹图》、《达摩东渡图》、《魁星点斗图》等线刻画。

第五展室陈列着宋、元、明、清各代的碑石,许多是涉及拔田、瞻学、修渠、补城等内容,为研究当时社会史和地方史,甚至为研究碑林和文庙的发展史都提供了重要的参考资料。第六陈列室陈列的是元、明、清各代的诗词歌赋碑石。第七陈列室陈列的是被称为“法帖之祖”的宋《淳化阁帖》。

石刻艺术室建于1963年,精选汉、唐近100件代表性作品,分为陵墓石刻和宗教石刻两部分展出。

这些凿刻在石面上的图画称为画像石刻,多为东汉时期的作品,出土于绥德和米脂一带,是用来加固和装饰墓室的。画像石题材广泛,内容丰富,除少数神话传说和历史故事外,大多取材于现实生活。这幅《牛耕图》,是东汉画像石的代表作。图中农民双手扶犁,两头牛用一根绳子系在一起,牛颈上抬一横杠,牵引耕犁。这种耕犁和“二牛抬杠”的耕作方法,反映了我国汉代耕作技术的高度发展。

昭陵六骏,是放置在唐太宗李世民陵寝北司马道上的六匹高浮雕战马,他们分别是特勤骠、青骓、什伐赤、白蹄乌、飒露紫和拳毛騧,都曾经是李世民的坐骑。昭陵六骏由大画家阎立本主持设计,雕刻家阎立德于唐贞观十年完成。唐太宗亲自为每匹马写出赞语,由书法家欧阳询书写在每件浮雕的右上角。它们是唐代现实主义的艺术珍品。遗憾的是“飒露紫”和“拳毛騧”在1915年流失美国,现存费城宾夕法尼亚大学博物馆。我们现在看到的四骏已经历了千年的风霜雨雪,仍然形神兼备,栩栩如生,虽然是被打成碎块后又对接起来的,但在它们身上,既记载着历史的辉煌,也记载着历史的耻辱。碑林讲解到此结束,谢谢大家。

大雁塔景区

游客朋友们,大家好!

今天,我很荣幸能够陪同大家进行大雁塔之旅。大雁塔高高耸立在西安市和平门外约4公里的慈恩寺内,是我国的佛教名塔之一。

慈恩寺初名无漏寺,始建于隋文帝开皇九年(公元589年),到了唐贞观二十二年(公元648年)李治做太子时,为追念死去的母亲长孙皇后的恩德,下令选择“挟带林泉,务尽形胜”之地,建佛寺为其母祈求冥福,于是重修无漏寺,改名为大慈恩寺。慈恩寺是唐代长安的三大佛经译场之一,也是中国佛教唯识宗的祖庭,迄今已有1350多年的历史。慈恩寺是唐代的皇家寺院,其建筑装饰豪华富丽,宏伟壮观,由13座庭院组成,面积达340亩,是现存寺院面积的7倍。

各位游客,我们现在就位于大雁塔南广场,广场中央的这尊铜像便是玄奘法师铜像。玄奘法师是我国历史上著名的佛经翻译家、旅行家和文学家,同时也是大慈恩寺的第一任主持。玄奘俗姓陈,名祎,河南偃师人。他13岁在洛阳净土寺出家,20岁在成都受具足戒。他周游全国许多地区,遍访高僧名师,拜学经典,精研佛理。使其佛学理论大长,被誉为“佛门千里驹”。但他发现佛学中的许多问题无法解释。为了探求佛学精蕴,公元628年,他从长安出发,西赴印度求法。公元645年,学成后返回长安,历时17年,行程5万公里,经100多个国家和地区,特别是在印度那烂陀寺得到高僧戒贤法师的指点佛学理论大长,被印度佛教界尊为三藏法师。回国时取回佛经657部。

公元648年,玄奘被请任慈恩寺上座法师,主持寺务。他在慈恩寺潜心翻译佛经10年之久,共译经75部、1335卷,所译文字“一语安之,坚如磐石”,他还将经过的100多个国家和地区的地理位置,风土人情及历史文化等写成了《大唐西域记》一书,为我们研究这些国家的历史、地理提供了重要资料。

现在我们来到慈恩寺门前,大慈恩寺的正门,叫做山门,也叫三门,中为空门,东、西为无作门和无相门,象征佛教的“三解脱”。

走进寺院东西有两座小楼,东边是钟楼,那里悬挂有明代嘉靖年间铸造的一口铁钟,重15吨,上面还铸有“雁塔晨钟”铭文。西边是鼓楼,楼里存有一面直径2米的大鼓。晨钟暮鼓是为寺院报时的,寺院的僧众每天闻钟而起,闻鼓而眠。

前面的大殿是大雄宝殿,大雄宝殿是佛教寺院的主体建筑。慈恩寺的大雄宝殿位于寺院中心高台上,初建于明天顺二年(公元1458年)至成华二年(公元1466年), 清光绪十三年(公元1887年)曾予大修。大殿供奉的是三身佛像: 中间为法身佛毗卢遮那佛,两边为报身佛卢舍那佛和应身佛释迦牟尼佛,三身佛的两边是释迦牟尼的两大弟子阿难、迦叶的塑像; 东西两侧还纵列着包括玄奘在内的十八罗汉像。靠后的两侧,东有文殊菩萨,西有普贤菩萨。大殿佛台上的三身佛背后宿有立于大海鳌头之上的南海观音菩萨像及众菩萨、龙女、木叉等150身人物,生动地展示出南海之中普陀洛伽山观音菩萨说法道场的仙境。

大雄宝殿后世法堂藏经楼,上层藏有玄奘翻译的经卷,下为法堂即高僧讲经说法之处,这里供奉阿弥陀佛鎏金铜像一尊,高1米多。殿内珍藏玄奘亲手供奉的佛像一件,还有唐代青响石四大天王像座一块。此石为蓝田玉山所产青石,敲之锵锵有声,清脆悦耳。在室内东壁上悬挂三幅拓片: 中间的是《玄奘负笈图》,图中玄奘身穿短褐,足登芒鞋,手执雨伞,背夹中装满经书,一盏油灯挂在背夹前,画面生动地描绘出玄奘法师回国途中日夜兼程的感人形象。《负笈图》两侧分别是玄奘法师的两位弟子圆测和窥基的画像。法堂的西壁悬挂的是玄奘生平简介表。

法堂北边便是雄伟壮观的大雁塔。大雁塔始建于唐高宗永徽三年公元652年,是玄奘法师为了妥善保存从印度取经带回来的大量佛经、佛像和舍利,上表请求朝廷出资修建的。塔初为五层,砖表土心,不可攀。40多年后逐渐毁坏。武则天长安年间公元701——704年重修改为七层。明代又在塔外包砌了青砖,便形成我们今天看到的大雁塔的形状。

关于“雁塔”名称的由来,有多种说法: 一说西域佛塔为“亘娑”,唐言为“雁”,故雁塔得名由此而来; 一说起于唐代雁塔题名,“妙有行列,宛若雁阵”。另外根据《大唐西域记》记载,佛教分为大乘教与小乘教,大乘教不食荤腥,小乘教不忌荤腥。有一天,正是菩萨布施日,一座小乘教寺院的僧人却买不到肉吃。这时,天空中正好有一群大雁飞过,一位僧人望着雁群自言自语:“今日佛房无肉吃,大慈大悲的菩萨一定不会忘记今天是什么日子。” 话音未落,领头的大雁便折翅坠地。众僧大惊失色,认为是菩萨显灵在告诫他们。他们就在大雁坠地处建造石塔,并戒绝荤腥,改信大乘佛教。因此,佛塔又叫雁塔,冠以“大”字,则是因为后建的荐福寺塔与此塔遥遥相对而较小之故。

大雁塔是楼阁式砖塔,呈方锥形,共七层,高64米,底层边长25米,基座为方形,每层四面均有券门,塔内装有旋梯。西侧石门楣上有精美的唐代佛像线刻画和精美的建筑图案。塔南门东西两侧的砖龛内镶嵌有唐太宗李世民撰写的《大唐三藏圣教序》碑和唐高宗李治撰写的《述三藏圣教序记》碑。两碑都是唐代著名书法家褚遂良书写,褚遂良的书法秀美俊逸,是价值极高的艺术珍品。大雁塔是我国现存年代最早的楼阁式砖塔。它造型简洁,气势雄伟,有显著的民族特色和时代风格,是我国佛教建筑中的杰作。塔的第二层供有明代一尊阿弥陀佛的铜像。第三层供奉着两颗珍贵的佛舍利,是印度玄奘住持赠送给大雁塔的珍贵礼物。第四层是“同州圣教序”碑和“集王圣教序”碑的拓片。在第五层我们可以看到释迦如来足迹石。第六层陈列的是唐诗书法作品是大雁塔建成一百周年之际,杜甫、岑参等五位诗人的一次诗会所赋诗作。

大雁塔的出名,还与唐代著名的“雁塔题名”有关。“雁塔题名”始于唐中宗神龙年间。进士张莒登塔题名,后文人们竞相效仿,相沿成习。唐代士子考取进士后,都要登上雁塔赋诗并将姓名、籍贯、及第时间用墨笔题留于雁塔墙壁之上。日后升为卿相的还要用朱笔改写。“雁塔题名”被视为人生一大荣耀之事。白居易考中进士、登上雁塔时就作诗道:“慈恩塔下题名处,十七人中最少年。” 反映了他少年得志的喜悦自豪之情。

游客们,大雁塔自建成至今,历代名人留下了许多传诵千古的佳句。唐代诗人杜甫有“高标跨苍穹,烈风无时休”的赞语,岑参有“塔势如涌出,孤高耸天宫; 登临出世界,蹬道盘虚空”的名句。诗人气势磅礴的描写与富于哲理的感叹,常常在人们登塔时引起共鸣。

现在我们来到玄奘三藏院的门口,门前的这座照壁长20多米,高2米多,照壁南是集褚遂良的字刻的“法门领袖”四字,北面是前佛教协会会长赵朴初先生题写的“民族脊梁”四字,这些是对玄奘法师的高度赞誉。玄奘三藏院是一组仿唐建筑群,由大遍觉堂,般若堂,光明堂组成,其面积为4800平方米,西院“光明堂”内壁画介绍了玄奘法师从出生到西域求法的事迹,东院“般若堂”内壁画介绍了玄奘法师取经回国后翻译经卷和培养人才的事迹。中院“大遍觉堂”内中央有一玄奘法师青铜座像,高3.6米,重达3吨多,供人们瞻仰和凭吊。

游客朋友们,大雁塔景区就参观到这里,下面我们去北广场和东苑,西苑,大唐芙蓉园参观,北广场是全亚洲最大的矩阵喷泉和唐代文化广场,东、西两苑有别具特色的陕西民俗文化公园。大唐芙蓉园是我国第一个全方位展示盛唐风貌的大型皇家园林式的文化主题公园,芙蓉园是唐代皇家御园。大唐芙蓉园占地面积998亩,有紫云楼,仕女馆,御宴宫,陆羽茶社等,在这里还可以参观海洋世界和欣赏水幕电影等等。大雁塔景区的讲解就到这里,谢谢!

黄帝陵导游词

亲爱的游客朋友们,大家好!我们今天游览被誉为世界中华第一陵的---黄帝陵。我是你们本次旅游的导游,我姓蒋,也可以叫我蒋导。如果在旅游中遇到了问题,大家可以向我提出,我会帮助大家。祝大家旅游愉快!为了让大家对黄帝陵有一个深刻的了解,我先给大家介绍一下我们申华民族的始祖——黄帝。

黄帝,是距今5000年左右的原始社会末期的一位杰出的部落联盟领袖。据古籍记载,黄帝为少典之子,姓公孙,因长于姬水,又姓姬。封于有熊,号有熊氏。曾居于轩辕之丘,又号轩辕。因崇尚土德,土色黄,所以又称为“黄帝”。

传说中,黄帝不但是一位英雄的领袖人物,而且也是智慧的化身。人们把许多发明创造都归功于黄帝或他的妻子、臣下。如造舟车、制衣冠、务蚕桑、创医学、定音律、造文字、布五谷、烧彩陶及政治生活中的典章制度、风俗习惯中的婚丧礼仪等,后人以黄帝时代作为中华民族迈人文明社会的开始,所以,黄帝被尊为“人文初祖”。

关于黄帝埋在哪里?现在有很多说法。但是,从历史资料的记载以及历代政府的态度上看,大家马上就要看到的黄帝陵就是黄帝百年后唯一的安寝之地。西汉史学家司马迁的《史记》明确说“黄帝崩,葬桥山”。而黄帝陵历史上就称为“桥陵”,1944年才改称今名。在中国古代文献记载中,黄帝是在黄陵县的桥山骑龙升天的,后人们将黄帝衣冠埋葬在这里,起冢为陵,这就是黄帝陵的由来。另外,黄帝陵一带被考古证明曾经是这一带原始氏族的聚居地,出土的陶器和石器,带有鲜明的仰韶文化的特征。

黄帝陵位于陕西省黄陵县,北距西安约180公里。黄陵县原名中部县,1944年经呈请原民国政府批准,更名为黄陵县。1997年6月,黄帝陵被中宣部公布为全国百个爱国主义教育示范基地之一。

大家现在所处的位置是轩辕广场。这里是谒陵的起点。轩辕广场的地面是用秦岭天然河卵石铺就而成的,共计5000块,含义是代表着中华民族5000年的悠久历史。眼前的池子叫印池,相传是黄帝洗笔的地方。印池之水来自沮河。在古汉语中,沮通 “祖”,故而沮河也被看成是祖先之河。夜晚来临,这里会出现“沮水月夜”的美丽景观。

现在,我们所经过的这座桥叫轩辕桥。这座桥横跨印池,为全花岗岩石材建造,被誉为“中国近代全石材第一桥”。轩辕桥北端通向庙院的龙尾道共有95级台阶,寓意黄帝“九五之尊”的崇高地位。拾级而上则是宽阔的庙前广场,近年来的公祭活动大都在此举行,现代传媒已使它广为人知。站到宽阔的庙前广场,请大家再回头看轩辕广场,你一定会感受到一种“雄伟、庄严、肃穆、古朴”的恢弘气势。

拜祭黄帝,一般为“先祭庙,后谒陵”。轩辕庙坐落在沮水以北,坐北朝南、居高临下、雄伟壮观。请大家跟我走进这个神圣之地。这座祭祖黄帝的古老庙宇,相传初建于汉代。原来在桥山西麓,宋代移至这里。轩辕庙由四进院落构成,庙门为汉代建筑风格,庑殿顶,白墙,黑琉璃瓦,高大巍峨,古朴大方。“轩辕庙”三个字是由蒋鼎文先生书写的。

跨入轩辕庙大门,左侧有一株参天古柏映入眼帘。古柏枝干苍劲,苍翠欲滴,冠如华盖,郁郁葱葱。该树树龄已有约4700年,相传为黄帝亲手栽植,所以称 “黄帝手植柏”,1982年,英国林学专家罗皮尔等人在考察了世界27个国家之后来到我国,惊叹它是 “世界柏树之父”。1998年,该树被第一批认定为“中华一百棵古树名木”之列。

这座亭叫“碑亭”。这里共有四通碑石。右手第一遍碑文的内容系孙中山先生任中华民国临时大总统时所作的一首祭词。右手第二通是1942年蒋介石亲笔题写的“黄帝陵”三个大字。左侧第一通为毛泽东于1937年4月5日国共两党同祭黄帝陵时亲笔撰写的祭文。第二通为邓小平手书“炎黄子孙”四个大字。

离开碑亭后,继续向里走,会看到左手边有一块一米见方的青石块,石上刻着一副巨大的黄帝脚印。该石出土于黄陵东南的郭洼。据说黄帝的脚印共有三副。一副在河南,一副在山东,一副就在黄陵,脚印石旁有栅栏围护。据当地人讲,如果有人隔着栅栏用硬币投中大脚趾,就预示着大吉大利,万事顺意。

在轩辕殿前左侧,有一株柏树。树干斑痕密布,纵横成行,好似有断钉在内。据传,公元前l09年,汉武帝北征朔方归来,祭黄帝陵时在此树干上钉钉子挂盔甲所致。所以叫“挂甲柏”,也叫“将军柏”。每年清明节前,树孔内还会溢出柏汁,凝结为珠,像泪珠一样。清明节后,又恢复原样,被人称为“群柏之奇”。

现在,映人我们眼前的建筑叫轩辕殿。大殿建于明代,门额上悬挂着原国民党爱国将领程潜1938年所题的“人文初祖”四字大匾。

进入大殿,映人我们眼前的是半浮雕黄帝像。这尊民族始祖的圣像,是以东汉武梁祠庙的画像石刻拓片为蓝本,经国家文物局征求有关专家的意见后批准,放大刻制而成。

轩辕庙北端坐落着2004年新建成的祭祖大殿,2004年清明首次以国家级礼仪公祭华夏始祖轩辕黄帝的仪式在这里举行,大殿整体建筑秉承汉风唐韵,融古老传统与新时代气息为一体。殿前祭祖广场均由花岗岩铺装而成,占地1万余平方米,可同时容纳5000行祭典活动。

好了,轩辕庙就参观到这里。下一步我们将登山,拜谒黄帝陵。黄帝陵是中华民族始祖轩辕黄帝的陵冢,被称为 “天下第一陵”。1962年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位“古墓葬第一号”。陵家位于黄陵县城北1公里的桥山上。

黄帝陵有一绝叫“桥山古柏”。不论您从哪个方向进人县城,都可以看见面积5800亩的桥山,满山翠柏,葱郁一片。目前,坐落在陕西省黄陵县的“中华始祖”轩辕黄帝陵景区内共有柏树 8.1万余棵,树龄在千年以上的古柏就达3万余棵,是我国最古老和保存最完好的古柏群。这真是“古柏参天黄帝陵,苍烟缭绕晓风轻。桥山彻底高耸翠,沮水缠腰万载青”。这些古柏可都是无价之宝,因此,我国历代政府都高度重视黄帝陵古柏的保护。

各位朋友,我们现在就来到了陵园大门,请大家向门外左侧看,这个高20米的圆锥土台,叫“汉武仙台”。据说汉武帝祭祖后,非常羡慕黄帝驭龙升天成仙。于是命数十万大军每人背一袋土上山,一夜之间筑成这座高台。他登台祈仙,对众人说:“如果我能如黄帝那般乘龙归天,抛下妻子算得了什么,不过如撇下鞋子一样罢了。”而今,汉武仙台有两条石砌曲径通向台顶。上行77级台阶,下行78级台阶,谓之“七上八下”。据说登台一次可增岁添福。

朋友们,前方这座陵冢就是我们的祖先——黄帝的安息之地。该陵为扁球形土冢。冢前又有一碑,上刻有“桥山龙驭”四个大字,意思是此地为黄帝驾龙升天之地。传说黄帝活了100多岁,天帝感其丰功伟德,派一条巨龙接他升天,臣民们不愿黄帝离去,将他团团围住。巨龙驮着黄帝腾空而起,慌乱间人们扯下了黄帝的衣襟、靴子、佩剑。人们把黄帝的衣靴宝剑埋在这里,起土成冢作为纪念,这便是黄帝陵是衣冠家说法的由来,但是传说毕竟是传说,《史记》等书明确记载“黄帝崩,葬桥山”。而且汉武大帝等各代帝王均来此祭奠黄帝,所以这里是公认的黄帝陵所在地。

“桥山龙驭”碑前还有一碑,刻有郭沫若1958书写的“黄帝陵”三个大字。

好了游客朋友们,由于时间关系,咱们今天黄帝陵的讲解就到此结束,大家可以自行的参观,半小时后我们门口集合,请注意安全,谢谢大家!

西安清真大寺导游

化觉巷清真大寺位于西安城内鼓楼西侧的化觉巷内,因规模比西安其他清真寺大而得名。化觉巷清真大寺,是我国建筑雄伟、环境清幽、规模宏大、保存最完整并驰名世界的伊斯兰寺院之一,属于国家级文物保护单位。

提起清真寺,我们得先谈谈伊斯兰教是何时兴起何时传人中国的,回族是何时形成的。

伊斯兰教是世界性的宗教之一,与佛教、基督教并称为世界三大宗教。伊斯兰教系阿拉伯语音译,意思是 “顺从”、“和平”,指顺从和信仰宇宙独一的最高主宰安拉及其意志,以求得来世的和平与安宁。信奉伊斯兰教的人统称为“穆斯林”,意为“顺从者”。伊斯兰教于公元7世纪初兴起于阿拉伯半岛,由麦加人穆罕默德(约570-632年)所创造,主要传播于亚洲、非洲,以西亚、北非、中亚、南亚次大陆和东南亚最为盛行。20世纪以来,在西欧、北美和南美一些地区也有不同程度的传播和发展。

7世纪中叶,伊斯兰教通过海、陆“丝绸之路”传入中国。据《旧唐书·西域传》等史籍记载,公元651年,大食帝国第三任哈利法奥斯曼(644-656年在位)首次遣使来华。中、阿两国正式缔交后,大食使节和 “贡史”不断来中国访问。8世纪初,阿拉伯帝国势力东伸,阿拉伯、波斯等地的各族穆斯林商人、传教士通过海上香料之路或陆上“丝绸之路”来到中国。他们来华后,有的集中在中国东南沿海的广州、泉州、扬州、杭州,有的集中在内地的长安、开封等地,从事香料、象牙、珠宝、药材和犀角等物品的贩卖,并带回中国的丝绸、茶叶、瓷器和其他商品。由于当时的阿拉伯人、波斯人以经商为主,中国人称他们为“番客”、“番商”、“胡商”等。他们中有很多人在中国定居下来并和汉族妇女结了婚,成为回族早期的先民。

唐代 “安史之乱”时,大食王曾派3000(也有说4000)回兵助唐平乱,事后唐王将这批士兵赐居长安,为他们修建清真寺,准许娶中国妇女婚配。他们谨守伊斯兰教义和礼俗,子孙繁衍,世代相传,成为今日回民族的又一支先民。而大批穆斯林移居中国则在13世纪初。

元代是回族人不断融合其他种族、壮大自已的时代,也是回族共同体主体形成的时代。经过千余年的发展,伊斯兰教在我国内地回、东乡、撒拉、保安和边疆维吾尔、哈萨克、乌兹别克、柯尔克孜、塔吉克、塔塔尔10个民族中,已拥有2000万穆斯林,而且在其他兄弟民族中如蒙古族、藏族、白族、汉族中,也有数量不等的穆斯林,现在西安约有7万穆斯林。

现在请大家随我进入化觉巷清真大寺参观。

据寺内现存石碑记载,化觉巷清真大寺建于公元742年,距今已有1200多年的历史。经宋、元,特别是明、清几次重修和扩建,逐步形成规模宏大,楼、台、亭、殿布局紧凑和谐,庄严肃穆的建筑群。

全寺沿东西轴线分为五个进院,占地1.3万平方米,建筑面积5000多平方米。前院紧邻照壁的木牌楼,建于17世纪初,距今己有380余年,高约9米,琉璃瓦顶,挑角飞檐,雕梁画栋,与高大的照壁相映衬,极为壮观。南北两边的展室,亦为仿古建筑,剔透玲珑,古香古色。南展室陈列有一些明清红木家具等,尤其是紧靠展室背墙陈列有一件清三代皇宫使用的红木雕刻五爪龙床,极其珍贵。在左厢房紧靠背墙摆放有一对西洋沙发,该对沙发是外国人送给慈禧太后的。在北展室收藏有宋、明书法家的拓片等。

进入悬挂有 “清真寺”匾额的五间楼便来到第一进院。在五间楼迎面一字排开摆放有4件圆形的器物。可能有些朋友会问,它们是干什么用的?你们可以猜猜。猜不着?这不奇怪,《正大综艺》有一期节目就是让观众猜清真大寺这4件圆形器物的用途。结果没人能猜对。好了,现在让我来告诉大家它们的用途:这4件圆形的器物是灯架,在灯架上沿顺时针方向插有两圈30余个灯座。这些灯架在化觉巷清真寺的使用有相当长的历史,它主要用来庆祝 “盖得尔夜”。

盖得尔夜是伊斯兰教对 《古兰经》“始将之夜”的敬称。“盖得尔”是阿拉伯语的音译,亦译 “大赦之夜”,又称“平安之意”,意为 “前定”、“高贵”。“盖得尔夜”是指伊斯兰教历的九月二十七(一说二十五或二十九)日之夜。相传这夜,真主安拉将世间过去的、现在的、未来的一切事物都大体安排好了,所以穆斯林称这一夜为 “前定之夜”。这一夜,安拉通过枷百利天使开始向穆罕默德圣人颁降《古兰经》,众天使和精灵都奉命降临人间。在这个夜里,做一件善功可获取千月善功的报偿,所以穆斯林称这一夜为 “高贵之夜”。《古兰经》第九十七章即以“盖得尔”命名,认为是高贵的夜间,胜过平时一千个月。所以全世界的穆斯林每逢此珍贵之夜,都要依各个民族的方式举行庆祝活动。这一夜,在穆斯林集中的地方还要张灯结彩,以示庆祝。

西安的穆斯林在纪念日这一天,白天人们要在这些灯座上插上这些菜油灯盏子,然后再添上菜油,等到晚上将油灯点亮,直至通宵。本寺灯架除了在“盖得尔夜”使用之外,在这些灯架阳面,还刻了四个汉字:“祈求和平”,长年摆放在五间楼对面。

好了,现在请随我进入二进院。

大家可以看到,二进院内树木成阴,花圃对称排列,石刻牌坊矗立其间。这个石刻牌坊为三间四柱式,中楣镌刻“天监在兹”4个大字,这4个字出自《诗经》。分别在 《大雅·大明》和《周颂·敬之》二诗中。《大明》里有 “天监在此,有命既集”的诗句,而《敬之》里有 “涉降撅士,日监在兹”的诗句。“兹”和 “此”这两个字以前通用,意思是 “此地”。题额人将两诗中的相关内容,化成一句话,意思是上天正在监视着我们在此时此地的行动。

两侧坊棉分别镌刻“钦翼昭事”和“虚诚省礼”,东西有踏道,约建于明代。石牌坊西踏道南北两侧各竖立冲天雕龙碑两座,一座为明万历年间立的《敕赐重修清真寺碑》,文为冯从吾所撰,碑阴镌刻宋代大书法家米芾(回族)手书“道法参天地”;一座为1768年立的《敕修清真寺碑》,碑阴镌刻1621~1627年间礼部侍郎、大书法家董其昌手书 “敕赐礼拜寺”。均为我国书法珍品。

现在我们到第三进院参观。这个殿叫敕修殿,在1522-1566年间重修时系当时寺院的正门,是这座寺院历史上最早的一座殿;殿内藏有两通石碑。大家看,这通碑叫《长安礼拜无相记碑》,1455年刻。这通碑叫《月碑》,是1732年寺院教长小西宁用阿拉伯文撰写的。《月碑》,以穆罕默德《圣训》为理论原则,推出并规定了确定封斋、开斋日期的若干准则。立此碑以方便回民群众计算斋月日期。

这里是第三进院,院中央建有一座三层八角形的中国式宣礼楼,又名省心楼,巍然挺立,极为壮观。该楼是“穆安津”(宣礼员)召唤穆斯林来寺礼拜的最高点。宣礼楼两侧各有厢房10余间,南侧正中5间叫南宫殿,上面写有一副对联:“难解网蛛,兵销呼鸽;信传战马,约复放獐。”这副对联是叙述穆罕默德圣人的故事。“难解网蛛”是说穆罕默德圣人遭敌人追杀,逃到骚尔洞避难,蜘蛛随即在洞口结起网。后来敌兵追到,见到洞口有蜘蛛网,认为无人在洞内。“兵销呼鸽”的意思是:此时有人怀疑洞内有人,就把石头往洞里投。这时两只斑鸠从洞里飞出来,于是敌人相信洞内不会有人。“约复放獐”的意思是:以前一个外道人猎得一头活獐,他对圣人说:“你如果能使獐说人话,我就做你的信徒。”圣人把獐招到面前问道:“你怎么落到猎人的手里了”,獐流着泪央求说:“请圣人作保,让他们放我。等我给小獐吃了乳我一定回来。”圣人答应担保它。外道人说:“獐是畜类,去了一定不会回来。”后来獐按时回来。南宫殿内迎面陈列一张鱼骨镶嵌床,在床的靠背正中镶嵌着一只贝雕雄鹰,神采奕奕,伫立在岩石之上,所以又名“英雄独立床”。大家看,床的上方悬挂有4幅木板书法作品,分别由宋朝大书法家黄庭坚、苏东坡、米芾(回族)和著名爱国将领岳飞书写。该作品是木板竹字,即用竹皮刻成汉字,再将字一个个粘贴在木板上。这样不容易被人拓片复制。

楼北侧是讲经堂,里边珍藏有一幅清代的《麦加图》和一套《古兰经》手抄本及其他一些珍贵字画、瓷花瓶等。

我们现在去第四进院。

这个院中心的亭子叫“一真亭”,又名 “风凰亭”,中央主亭呈六角形,飞檐尖顶,形若凤头,两侧亭子为三角形,左右翘翼,三亭相连,貌似凤凰展翅,造型特异,独具风格。亭东瞻下悬有“一真”雕龙小立匣,系1399年兵部尚书铁铉(回族)手书。亭西还挂有田中玉所书“包罗宇宙”匣一面。亭南北两侧各有面阔7间的厢房,原为接待朝廷宣谕皇帝圣旨的文武官员所建,故名官殿。南厅迎面有副对联:熟羊告毒,烹鲤言机;巨蟒道安,羸驼转健。现在让我们来看这副对联的意思。“熟羊告毒”是一个典故,出自《天方至圣实录》,说的是,昔日圣人与外道人交战,走在路上,饥饿难忍,一人以熟羊献给圣人,羊就说道:“我的肉有毒,不能吃!”试了试,果然如此。“烹鲤言机”一事见穆罕默德登霄的传说。有一次,穆圣登霄返宫的第二天早上,到礼拜寺里礼拜,礼拜完了后,他对众人讲述登天宫的事,其中一个叫诛获歹的人怀疑,认为不可相信,自言自语:“哪有在片刻之间游历几层天空,经历无穷路途,见了无数恩典的人呢?”于是他返身回家,在集市上买了一条鲤鱼,叫妻子烹调。自己则挑着桶到河边汲水。到河边后,他脱下衣服洗澡。洗完登岸才发现自己已经变为女人。再去找衣服,衣服已经无影无踪,他又羞又悔只得躲到树丛中藏身。不久走来一位男子,心中可怜这位藏身树林的女子就把她(他)带回家,二人结为夫妻,七年中生下两个孩子她(他)时时想起当年的情景,既感叹又惊讶。于是又回到河边,只见衣服、水桶仍放在原地,她(他)的身体又变成男子。他急忙换了衣服,挑水回家。回家后,买来的那条鱼还没有烹熟。他因而醒悟穆罕默德说的事是真的,登天宫的经历并非虚构。他又重返身回到礼拜手中,穆罕默德看见他说:“你过来,把你的经历讲给大家听听。”于是他把自己下河洗澡变成妇人、七年中生下两个孩子、回家后鱼还没熟等一系列经历讲述一遍,并表示从此仟悔,永远做一个顺从真主的人。

第五篇:陕西导游词

陕西导游词范文(精选9篇)

作为一名默默奉献的导游,很有必要精心设计一份导游词,借助导游词可以更好地宣传景点,引导游客观光游览。那么优秀的导游词是什么样的呢?下面是小编为大家收集的陕西导游词范文(精选9篇),欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

陕西导游词1

大家好我叫高瑞鑫,大家就叫我高导吧!是导游得到可不是捣乱的捣,很荣幸与大家见面!接下来就有我来向大家介绍黄河壶口瀑布!

黄河壶口瀑布位于吉县城西45公里,距临汾市165公里处的晋陕峡谷黄河河床中,已成为世界上最大的黄色瀑布,因其气势雄浑而享誉中外。

壶口瀑布,是由于黄河流至壶口一带,两岸苍山夹峙,把黄河水约束在狭窄的黄河峡谷中,河水聚拢,收束为一股,奔腾呼啸,跃入深潭,溅起浪涛翻滚,形似巨壶内黄水沸腾。巨大的浪涛,在形成的落差注入谷底后,激起一团团水雾烟云,景色分外奇丽。站在河边观瀑,游人莫不唱起“风在吼,马在叫,黄河在咆哮”这威武雄壮的歌声。

壶口瀑布的宽度随季节变化而变化。通常情况是,宽度在30米左右,汛期可扩展到50米上下,瀑布落差在20-30米之间。

瀑布下方,在连接山西、陕西的七郎窝大桥,瀑布与大桥相映,形成一道诱人景观。近年来,壶口瀑布已成为中华壮士“飞黄”的圣地,继柯受良驾汽车飞黄成功后,朱朝晖又成功地驾驶摩托车在这里飞越黄河。

关于壶口瀑布,民间有众多传说。其中流传最广的,是禹凿孟门。相传尧舜时期,黄河水流到壶口,因受孟门山堵阻,平阳一带常遭严重水灾。尧派鲧治水未成,禹去治水。禹仔细了解了壶口至龙门的地形,决定采取疏通河道的方法来治理洪水。孟门山在龙门之北,治水便从孟门山开始。

现在可以自由活动,请大家注意安全,现在又我想大家介绍几项安全事项:

1、不要跨过警戒线!

2、参观游览请注意安全,小心突涨水或凌汛。

3、请您在计划的安全区域内参观游览,听从安全人员的指挥。

一个小时后就在这里集合,希望大家旅途愉快!

陕西导游词2

亲爱的旅客们:

大家好!我叫陈怡萌,是你们的导游,大家叫我小陈就行了。今天,由我带着大家参观被列入世界文化遗产的秦兵马俑。

兵马俑作为守卫陵园的强大军团,被分置在三个俑坑内。根据发现的顺序,定为一号坑、二号坑、三号坑。

一号坑最大,它是一个由战车和步兵混合组成的军阵。一号坑是一个呈东西向的长方形军阵,东西长230米,南北宽62米,总面积14260平方米,是最大的兵马俑军阵。一号坑是一种“方阵”的布防,由前锋、主体、侧翼、后卫组成。前端有三列车持弓弩的轻装步兵俑组成的横队,每列68个,计204个,这是军队的前锋。

兵马俑以前有武器,但现在却没有了,因为当时项羽知道这里有真武器,并且很锋利,所以项羽就来抢兵器,拿不走的,都放火烧了,所以兵马俑就没有兵器了。

二号坑是一个车兵、步兵、骑兵、弩兵混合编组的方阵,如果前方有人牺牲,他们就会随时补充前方步队。三号坑最小,是两个坑的指挥部。

好了,下面的时间大家可以自由参观,但是大家不要把果皮等垃圾扔到坑中哦!祝大家在这里玩得开心。

陕西导游词3

各位游客,大家好,今天你们要参观的是世界第八大奇迹秦兵马俑。我是你们的导游,叫郑任敏,你们可以叫我郑导。我们现在正乘着车子向陕西省西安临潼区驶去,也是秦兵马俑所在的位置。在参观的时候,请你们做一位文明的游客,除了脚印,什么也别留下;除了照片,什么也别带走。

秦始皇兵马俑共分成3个坑,其中1号坑最大,东西长230米,南北宽62米,总面积14260平方米。

秦俑的造型,运用了模、塑、捏、堆、贴、刻、画等7种传统的泥塑技法,把体、量、形、神、色、质等基本要素表现得淋漓尽致。秦俑不仅体态丰盈、生动逼真,而且其身上各部位都涂上了不同的色彩,显得更加活灵活现、栩栩如生。因此,有人称秦俑艺术是“三分雕塑,七分彩绘”。

秦兵马俑群里的兵马俑数不胜数,分成了好几种:

兵俑阵、跪射俑、陶马、彩绘陶俑、战车俑、牵马陶俑、彩绘车马车俑、将军俑、武士俑等。

这些兵马俑各个神态不一,如果你仔细看的话,就会发现,这么多的兵马俑,他们的神态没有哪两个是一样的。

陕西导游词4

各位游客,大家好。欢迎大家来临汾旅游。我是xxx旅行社的导游员xxx,在这为期三天的尧都之旅中将由我和我们旅行社的xxx共同为大家服务,希望我们的服务能够给您的旅途提供方便,让您游的舒心,玩的放心。

为了方便大家几天的游览活动,我先将临汾的基本情况给大家做个简单介绍,方便大家随后几天的游览活动。临汾位于山西省东南部,地处黄河中游东岸与太岳山之间,总面积2.1万平方公里,总人口约400多万。黄河第二大支流汾河纵穿全市。这里拥有点燃人类第一支火把的光荣,传说黄帝时代的仓颉在这里发明了汉字,中国历史上第一帝第一都均诞生在这里。帝尧之都平阳就是现在的临汾市(尧都区),春秋时期,晋国之都新田就是现在的侯马市晋文公称霸中原的基业就在这里奠定。1953年挖沙时一铲挖出个丁村,3枚人齿化石的出现填补了中国旧石器时代中期的那部分缺环,中国历史好象在那时一下子也就完整了。

悠久的历史,壮丽的山川造就了临汾市许多著名的旅游景观。今天我们将要游览的就是号称天下第一黄色大瀑布的吉县壶口瀑布。

壶口,作为大禹治水“引山表木”的第一标记早已名垂史册。她包含着我们先祖自强不息的精神,蕴藏着中华民族的丰富智慧,铭刻着古老的黄河文化印记。可以说,壶口是中华民族发展史上一个重要的里程碑。俗话说“不到长城非好汉,不见黄河心不死”,从临汾出发,经过4个多小时的车程,我们的游览车已经驶入壶口景区,大家请拿好自的随身物品依次下车,注意安全。

进入景区,首先映入我们眼帘的是我左手方向的十里龙槽,龙槽是大自然的杰作,是滚滚的黄河水千万年来冲刷切割的结果。由于壶口瀑布终年累月的向下冲击因而在河床上留下一道深壕,而且每年都在加长,至今已有10里之远,恰似一条匍匐在地的长龙,故名十里龙槽。

陕西导游词5

黄河是中华民族的母亲河,黄河壶口瀑布是镶嵌在九曲黄河之上的一颗璀璨的明珠,是北方最富有特色的大型瀑布奇景,名列全国第二大瀑布。1988年被列为国家级自然风景名胜区,1991年被国家旅游局评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”之一。河水流经此地,以其巨大的力量,泻入河谷,冲入深槽,顿时,涛声轰鸣,水雾升空,惊天动地,气吞山河,显示出“黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回”的宏伟气概。壶口瀑布呈现出“水底冒烟”、“霓虹戏水”、“晴空洒雨”、“旱天鸣雷”、“山飞海立”等奇特幻景。

抗日战争时期,革命诗人光末然,音乐家洗星海,就是在黄河壮丽情景的激励下,谱写出鼓舞人民斗志的《黄河大合唱》。1987年9月,黄河漂流队探险队员王来安乘坐由40个汽车轮胎缠结成的密封舱,顺瀑布而下,揭开了人类在壶口体育探险的序幕,人称“黄河第一漂”。其后,天津勇士张志强在黄河大桥跳悬索,人称“中华第一跳”。

1996年8月,河南冯九山横跨壶口走钢缆,创下高空走钢缆最长的世界吉尼斯纪录,被誉为“华夏第一走”。1997年6月1日为迎接香港回归,“亚洲第一飞人”柯受良驾车飞越壶口,创下世界跨度最大的飞车世界纪录,被称为“世界第一飞”,中保财产保险有限公司的冠名巨幅广告被载入世界吉尼斯纪录大全,同时创造了另一项新的世界之最。1999年6月20日,山西吉县青年农民朱朝辉骑摩托车飞越壶口,又创下了新的奇迹。这些奇迹的创造,和壶口瀑布的惊世气魄相得益彰,使名景和名人的知名度急骤升高,吸引着越来越多的国内外专家、学者及游客到此观光、考察。

陕西导游词6

大家好,我是杨导。我们现在来到了秦始皇陵兵马俑。

兵马俑被称为“世界第八大奇迹”,出土于陕西西安附近的临潼。目前整个兵马俑开放了三个大坑,其中一号坑最大,面积有14260平方米,差不多有五十个篮球场那么大,里面的兵马俑也最多,有六千多个。

我们重点来看看将军俑。将军俑在俑坑中有着举足轻重的作用,因为它们是战队的指挥官,所以屈指可数。

每个将军俑立于方形台座之上,头戴标志身份的鹖官,身穿双重长衣,外披彩色鱼鳞甲,双肩有短小的披膊,胫部缚护腿,足穿方口齐头翘尖履。他们身体强壮,长方大脸,面容庄重严肃,令人生畏。细看来,有的聪慧机敏,血气方刚,好像在思考如何作战;有的深谋远虑,好像为大秦的战争而担忧;还有的老成持重,遇事不惊,好像已经胸有成竹……走近它们的身边,似乎能感受到轻微的呼吸声。

好了,我的介绍就到这里了,请大家自行游览,细细欣赏大秦战队的不可思议。注意不要乱丢垃圾,让文明留在这里!

陕西导游词7

亲爱的游客朋友们:

你们好,我是今天的小导游****,很高兴为大家服务,希望我们合作愉快。今天我们要去参观西安临潼的秦兵马俑,它举世无双,是享誉世界的珍贵历史文物。在这里我要提醒大家:秦兵马俑是世界文物,请大要文明参观,俑坑内禁止吸烟、乱扔纸屑,参观文物不要大声喧哗。请大家顺序排队,然后跟我走!

说起秦兵马俑大家一定都不陌生,我们小学课本里就有它的介绍,它可是被称为“世界第八大奇迹”呢!大家猜猜兵马用大概有多大?对!它有19120平方米,大概两个半足球场那么大呢!

我们今天主要是参观一号坑,一号坑在三个俑坑中面积最大,坑里的兵马俑也最多,有六千多个。看!这就是将军俑,它身材魁梧头戴鹤冠,身上披着铠甲,铠甲甲片小而细,前胸还系着彩色花结,让我们一下就可以看出他们的身份,将军俑手里还拿着宝剑,看它若有所思的样子,好像在考虑如何打败敌人。跪射俑则单腿撑地,另一条腿膝盖向上,眉宇间透出警觉,一副蓄势待发的模样;骑兵俑神情稳重,一手握住牵马的缰绳。远处的那个兵马俑是武士俑,它身穿战袍,披挂铠甲,脚上还穿着前端向上翘的战靴,手里还拿着兵器,敌人看见它神气的样子,准能把敌人吓得打哆嗦。

大家往远处看,那几个蹲在坑里工作的`人员就是我们国家的考古工作者了,他们正在科学细致地挖掘文物,生怕有一点点伤害,我们期待着他们能为我们带来更大的惊喜!

游览完宏大的一号坑,我们再来参观一下二号坑。二号坑虽然没有一号坑那么大,但里面的兵马俑却千姿百态。瞧,可爱的陶马已经作好了战斗的准备。似乎骑士只要一骑到马背上,那匹马就可以撒开四蹄,腾空而起,踏上征程。

亲爱的游客们,今天的参观就结束了,虽然我们只在短短的时间内参观完整个兵马俑,可是,我相信这威武勇猛、栩栩如生的秦兵马俑一定会永远地印在大家的脑海中。谢谢大家参观!

陕西导游词8

黄河壶口瀑布位于宜川县城以东35公里,吉县城西45公里处的秦晋大峡谷黄河河床中,已成为世界上最大的黄色瀑布,因其气势雄浑而享誉中外。壶口瀑布,是由于黄河流至壶口一带,两岸苍山夹峙,把黄河水约束在狭窄的黄河峡谷中,河水聚拢,收束为一股,形成特大马蹄状瀑布群。主瀑布宽40米,落差30多米,瀑布涛声轰鸣,水雾升空,惊天动地,气吞山河,奔腾呼啸,跃入深潭,溅起浪涛翻滚,形似巨壶内黄水沸腾。巨大的浪涛,在形成的落差注入谷底后,激起一团团水雾烟云,景色分外奇丽。站在河边观瀑,游人莫不唱起“风在吼,马在叫,黄河在咆哮”这威武雄壮的歌声。

滔滔黄河水在流经吉县龙王山附近时,由300米乍缩为50米,飞流直下,猛跌深槽,如壶注水然,故曰“壶口”。骇浪翻滚,惊涛拍岸,云雾排空,其雄壮之势,无与伦比。与瀑布相关的景观还有“千米龙槽”、“水里冒烟”、“长虹卧波”、“旱地行船”等。壶口景色,四时各异,严冬则冰封河面,顿失滔滔;春来则凌汛咆哮,如雷贯耳;盛夏则大洪盈岸,蔚为壮观;秋季则洋洋洒洒,彩虹通天。

黄河壶口瀑布风景名胜区位于黄河中游,秦晋大峡谷中段,总面积约60平方千米。黄河壶口瀑布声如雷鸣,气势壮观,它以排山倒海的独特雄姿著称于世,是世界上最大的黄色瀑布,也是伟大中华民族的象征。

壶口瀑布,号称“黄河奇观”,是黄河上唯一的黄色大瀑布,也是中国的第二大瀑布。以壶口瀑布为中心的风景区,集黄河峡谷、黄土高原、古塬村寨为一体,展现了黄河流域壮美的自然景观和丰富多彩的历史文化积淀。1988年被确定为国家重点风景名胜区,1991年被评为“中国旅游胜地四十佳”,2002年,晋升为国家地质公园。

壶口瀑布水势汹涌,涛声震天,景色壮丽,是黄河最壮观的一段,也是国内外罕见的瀑布奇观。“黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回”,唐代著名诗人李白脍炙人口的佳句,勾画出了大河奔流的壮观景象。不观壶口大瀑布,难识黄河。

山西一侧观赏百米悬瀑真面目,壶口瀑布这颗黄河上的璀璨明珠,正以它巨龙般的姿态奔腾、咆哮着。当代诗人陈运和的诗《壶口——歌喉》夸黄河“为五千年文明史领唱音符始终不变,气势震撼神州”。

2005年10月23日,中国最美的地方排行榜在京发布。此次活动由《中国国家地理》主办,全国34家媒体协办的“中国最美的地方”评选活动,历时8个月,共评出“专家学会组”、“媒体大从组”与“网络手机人气组”三类奖项。“媒体组”与“人气组”分别以媒体投票及网友、手机用户投票的方式各产生12个获奖地方。而由中国国家地理杂志社浓墨重彩推出的“专家学会组”奖项则别具一格,分成了山、湖泊、森林、草原、沙漠、雅丹地貌、海岛、海岸、瀑布、冰川、峡谷、城区、乡村古镇、旅游洞穴、沼泽湿地等15个类型。评选出的中国最美的六大瀑布壶口瀑布位列其中。

陕西导游词9

游客朋友们:

眼前就是著名的晋陕大峡谷,母亲河黄河就流淌在我们的身边,到了这里,我们就进入了壶口瀑布旅游区,壶口瀑布是国家级风景名胜区,国家地质公园和国家4A级旅游区,壶口是最能代表黄河以及黄河文明的地方。

您听,那远处传来的隆隆声就是壶口在轰鸣在咆哮,激荡着每一位中华儿女的心胸。早在《尚书.禹贡》中记载,“盖河漩涡,为一壶然”,故名。

壶口瀑布风光,随四季而变换。时值桃红柳绿之际,风和日丽,远山开始披上一层淡淡的翠绿,然而,上游的冰凌仍不时飘浮而下,汇聚在壶口瀑布的上游宽阔的河道,继而倾泻跌下,如山崩地裂,琼宫惊倾,激起玉屑冰晶,四处抛洒此时之山光水色,显得格外妩媚。倘若大雨滂沱,或阵阵春雨之后,黄河壶口瀑布,若黄龙腾云驾雾而来,只见风雨烟雾,弥漫天空,天地水三体一色“四时雾雨迷壶口,两岸波滔撼孟门”再恰当不过了。

“黄河之水天上来,奔流到海不复回,”黄河之水,若自天上降落下来,跌落到顽石之上,溅起无数的水珠,眨眼之间便化成了缥缥缈缈的云雾,在阳光的照耀下,一道道绚丽的彩虹,横跨苍穹。河水随后又冲落进偏西的一个深槽,奔腾着流向下游。此情此景,恰如“涌来万岛排山势,卷作千雷震地声。”“映日彩虹连山水,满天风雨不见云”。

您看,河道中那块忽隐忽现的宝石,传说是伏羲和女娲成亲时的媒石。

沿着左手方向我们看到的长长的航道就是曾经旱地行船留下的遗迹,它是古代劳动人民用汗水和血水写出的一部血泪史。

望着历经岁月的洗礼却依然清晰的航道,我们耳边仿佛又回荡起:“嗨,嗨哟哟,嗬嗨“的号子声,号子声声,回荡山谷,也是中华民族永不低头,顽强不屈的性格写照。

今天游览壶口瀑布景区已接近尾声,在这黄河岸边我们郭下村的村民将为大家表演与黄河息息相关的壶口斗鼓,在雄健与娇媚中让我们感受壶口,或许闭上眼睛,你会感慨唯有这样的人,这样的鼓声才能与壶口相容,与黄土相容,与祖国相容。

下载陕西导游词(英语)word格式文档
下载陕西导游词(英语).doc
将本文档下载到自己电脑,方便修改和收藏,请勿使用迅雷等下载。
点此处下载文档

文档为doc格式


声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传,本网站不拥有所有权,未作人工编辑处理,也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容,欢迎发送邮件至:645879355@qq.com 进行举报,并提供相关证据,工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你,一经查实,本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。

相关范文推荐

    陕西历史博物馆导游词

    陕西历史博物馆导游词 女士们,先生们大家好!现在我们就来到了陕西历史博物馆参观游览。 陕西历史博物馆于1991年6月20日正式建成对外开放。它是目前我国规模最庞大、设施最先......

    陕西太白山导游词

    陕西太白山导游词1 亲爱的游客朋友,您好,欢迎您来到上板寺,很高兴今天同您一起参观美丽的风景。说起上板寺啊,最著名的要数生长着大面积的太白红杉林了。太白红杉林是中国特有......

    陕西著名景点导游词

    1碑林 各位游客请看这块碑石。在中国古代石碑上出现外国文字的碑石在碑林中有好几块。而《大秦景教流行中国碑》大概就是碑林里国际知名度最高的碑石了。它刻于唐德宗建中......

    陕西西岳华山导游词

    各位团友: 今天我们将游览被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山,位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。 华南 山北瞰黄河,南依秦岭,被称为“华山如立”,整个山体线条简洁......

    陕西西岳华山导游词

    各位团友:今天我们将游览被誉为“石作莲花云作台”的华山。华山又称太华山,位于西安城东120公里的华阴市以南。华山古称西岳,是我国五岳之一,因山峰自然排列若花状,故得名华山。1......

    陕西法门寺导游词

    陕西法门寺导游词 法门寺位于扶风县城北10公里的法门镇,西距西安市120公里,东距宝鸡市96公里。法门寺自古就因为安置有释加牟尼佛的指骨舍利而著名于世,所以被华夏王朝拥戴,而......

    陕西历史博物馆导游词

    陕西历史博物馆导游词 女士们,先生们大家好!现在我们就来到了陕西历史博物馆参观游览。 这座博物馆于1991年6月20日正式建成对外开放。它是目前我国规模最庞大、设施最先进的......

    陕西历史博物馆导游词(原创)

    陕西历史博物馆 陕西历史博物馆坐落在大雁塔西北一公里处的小寨东路上,占地约7万平方米,建筑面积55663平方米,是我国目前第一座规模最大,设施最先进的国家级现代化博物馆,它于19......