英语学习文言文课外阅读

第一篇：英语学习文言文课外阅读

Said “Meng coated papers” [sic]

A gentleman's study will be a good question to ask.Asked and learning, complementary and walkers also, not to learn without a doubt, not to ask the general knowledge.Learn to learn and not to ask, not really good scholar also.Li Ming Yi, or not up on things, know the big men, and the fine or not, she will ask the Xi Yan?

[translation]

A knowledgeable person, he must like to ask others to ask questions.Ask and learn, is complementary to each other, do not learn to study can not find difficult, do not ask to consult can not make knowledge.Just like to learn but do not want to consult with others from time to time, it is not really love to learn.Even if the truth you know, maybe you can not be used in practice, even if you clear the main thing, maybe you don't know the nuances of, so in addition to ask others for advice, and from where to infer solve?

Reading training

Explain the words in the following sentences.No one learns to have no such thing as to be or not to be

Ask not to knowing the bear asked the non Xi Yan, it must add a little of the following sentence “while” and “good school and not frequently asked” in the “and” usage of the same is()

A.was the heart of the wine also put B.ran and the wax of the bait

C.not resentful mountains in D.translation: “ask and learn, and the walkers also.”

translation use your own words to summarize the central point of the argument.(no more than 10 words)

answer

(seventy-seven)(excerpt)“Teaching benefits teachers as well as students.notes.” [sic]

Although Jia Yao, Vladimir food do not know its purpose;have to, not learn not good.Is to learn and then know the problem, to teach and then know the difficulties.Lack of knowledge, and can also reflexive;know the difficulties, and then self.I also Teaching benefits teachers as well as students..[translation]

Even if have delicious food, do not eat do not know its taste;even with the best reason, not to learn do not know its benefits.Therefore, learn and then know their lack of teaching and then know that they can not understand.Know what they lack, and then to study hard.So, teaching and learning are mutually promoting.Reading training

To add the following sentence word(in)in the phonetic interpretation on the line.The food do not know its purpose.(II)Teaching benefits teachers as well as students.()

Although the road(4)to know the difficulties, and then can self()translate sentences.Learn to learn and know enough to teach and then know what to do.translation

I also Teaching benefits teachers as well as students.:

Translation of translation

“3” focuses on the relationship between Teaching benefits teachers as well as students.and explains the reason.(with the original text)in the first to “" as compared to the introduction of ”“, and then to teach and learn the two aspects to be explained, and finally concluded that the ”“ this conclusion.(seventy-eight)I learn ”historical records“ [sic]

Back to the year twenty-nine, the hair is white, flea die.Kong Zi cry bitterly, said: ”since I have to kiss Yi people.“ Lu AI Gong asked: ”what is the disciple who is good to learn?“ Kong Zi said: ”student Yan Hui, not angry not two too.Unfortunately, the short-lived death, today also died.“

[translation]

He is twenty-nine years old, all white hair, premature death.Kong Zi cried very sad, said: ”since I have his students(for example to Yan Hui)closer to me.“ Lu AI Gong asked(Kong Zi): ”(your)students who are the best to learn?“ Confucius replied: ”a named Yan Hui, the best way to learn, he never to temper to others, don't repeat the same mistakes.Unfortunately, young died, now not(like that Hui people to learn).“

Reading training

Pointed out in the following sentences tongjiazi.The hair is white, and the fleas die.explain the words in the following sentence.Kong Zi cry bitterly, Han Yi Pro

The student who is learning the two does not have translate the following sentences.”Don't shoot, not too.“

translation Hui liked learning embodied in what aspects?(answer in the original)

answer

(seventy-nine)the original school ”early Tan Bing cry“ [sic]

Bing original less lonely, a few years, over the sanctum.The master said: ”boy what cry?“ Original said: ”the lone person vulnerable to injury, poor sense of ease.Her book, who is also pro scholar.One may not lonely, two is the envy of the center to learn, so sad, cry ear.“ The sorrowful teacher said: ”for the book to the ear!“ Original saying: ”no money capital.“ Teacher said: ”the boy Gou Youzhi, my disciples are taught, do not seek capital also.“ Hence the book.One winter, chanting ”filial piety“ in ”the Analects of Confucius“.[translation] Bing yuan childhood mourning father, a few years old, pass from Keio, hear Shusheng langlangde couldn't help but cry, Keio teacher asked him said: ”why did the children cry?“ Bing yuan replied: ”orphans easily sad, poor sentimental.Those who study, those who are able to learn, must have some parents of children.I don't envy them alone, they can go to school and envy.Heart sad, so cry.The teacher said: “you want to read,” said the teacher!The original “Bing into the school, learning very hard.One winter, he knew the ”filial piety“ and ”the Analects of confucius.Reading training

Explain the words in the following sentences.The scholars who have the natural wax that bait

The phase I have to teach the disciples and Mr.translate sentences.The lone person is easy to hurt, the poor is easy to feel.translation

It is the wish not lonely, two is the envy of the school

translation

The boy Gou Youzhi, my disciples are taught, do not seek capital also.translation the teacher in the school is worthy of our admiration we should learn what to Bing original?

answer

(eighty)met the “three Dong” reading “Three Kingdoms” [sic]

In the word quarter straight, slow and studious nature.In Xingping, the disruption, with my brother in the general section for the season.Traders and mining aluminium negative, often holding the book, read the free vote in Xi, brother and brother laugh laugh without meeting change.......In case of good governance “Lao Zi”, for “Lao Zi” as the training note.And good “Zuo Zhuan” and more “tady difference”, people from scholars, meet not willing to teach, and cloud: “must”;read a hundred times!“ Said: ”read a hundred times, its meaning from the view.“

From the scholar cloud: ”bitter thirst for no day.“

In the words: ”when the“ three ”“

Or asked the ”three“ of italy.In the case of words ”winter of the year, the night of the rest of the day, when the rain is also.“

[translation]

Dong Yu, season straight.Is simple and honest, love learning from the lord.Xingping Xian, Li Que et al in rebellion, Dong Yuhe his brother dropped it at some friends for.Dong Yuhe his brother iriyama firewood, back sell a few money(maintenance of life), every time I go to Da Chai Dong met always took his books, there is free, I can take them out and read, his brother laughed at him, but he still read his book.Dong Yu of ”Laozi“ very research, for it made notes;of ”Zuo Zhuan“ has made a deep Kung Fu, according to research experience, written in the tady difference ”.Near reading people invited him to lecture, he refused to teach, but others said: “read a hundred times, its meaning from the view.” Ask the person said: “(you are right), just do not have the time.” Dong Yu said: “it should use 'three' time”.Someone asked “what is three”? Dong Yu said: “three is three free time.In winter, there is not much work.This is a year of free time;at night, the inconvenience of labor, which is a day of free time;rainy days, not to go out to work, but also a kind of idle time.”

Reading training

Explain the words in the following sentences.The wild Chapman II devoid of gratitude.Reading?Chou and Huang about the caogui see Trent? in the following sentence “and” the use of the word is different from the other three items()

A.and B.to learn the nature of NE brother laugh without meeting change

C.face mountain and in the D.is not dead, but I to catch the snake alone translate sentences.Thirst without day

translation

The winter of the year old, the night of the rest of the day, when the rain.translation how do you understand “people from the scholars, refused to teach, and in” cloud: “will first read a hundred times”.(eighty-one)“turtle” poetry total scrutiny [sic]

Jia Dao early to lift in the capital.One day in the ass on other cloud: “birds the tree, monk.” To “push”, refining the undecided, in an ass calls, lead hand scrutiny of potential, surprised the audience.When the Korean Tuizhi jingzhaoyin right, my side of the island, do not feel for the third day, still has not gesture.Russia for the left and right front.Out of the island line, “push” and “knock” word yet, Fugue like outside, I do not know to avoid.Retreat of the horse for a long time, that the island said: 'Knock' word better.“ And then the bridle and return, a total of poetry, and the island is due to linger for days, friends in days of simple life.[translation]

Jia Dao for the first time to participate in the imperial examination, to Beijing city.One day he was on a donkey thought of the poem: ”bird Jukuchi Nabeki, monk.“ And want to use ”push“ to replace ”knock“), repeatedly thinking has not set down, the donkey(Continued)chant, stretch out your hand to do a push and knock the posture.(pedestrian)it was a surprise to see Jia Dao.When Han Yu mention the chief executive of the Beijing correspondent.(he was traveling tour, Jia Dao unconsciously straight to(Han Yu honor guard)in the third quarter, still don't stop to do(push knock)gesture.So it would be(Han Yu)before about pushing the jingzhaoyin to.Jia Dao detailed answer to him in the brewing of the poem, with the word ”push“ or ”knock“ word has not been determined, thought to leave the immediate thing, do not know to avoid.Han Yu stopped and thought for a moment, Jia Dao said: ”with“ knock ”word.“ And the two side by side ride a horse to go home, talk together for poetry, are reluctant to leave, there are several days.(Han Yu)so it has forged a deep friendship with Jia Dao.Reading training

The use of some of the following sentences is different from that of the other three items.Immediately back for a long time the B.A.C.of Helou for a long time, like D.there for a long time.Ming 2 explain the words in the following sentences.One day on the donkey got a sentence on the cloud......Uncertain of the refining

The Ya Zhi island out of the audience and so on poem this essay is intended to praise the spirit of Jia Dao?

answer

(eighty-two)”training“ the constant vegetarian collection ” [sic]

Treatment of the road, have on the ground.So Shao Ziyun: “one day in the morning, one year old plan is the spring, the life of the plan is often.” The words are near, but the purpose is far!

The Saint Da Yu, and Xi Cunyin;Tao Kan Yin, and cherish every moment, and if they are not holy status?

[translation]

Nothing in life is more important than hard work.So Mr.Shao said: “the day of the plan is decided in the morning, a year of the plan is decided in the spring, the life of the plan is decided by the hard-working.” These words although simple, but the meaning is very profound which!

People such as Dayu, wisdom, ability outstanding, moreover, cherish every inch of time;such as Tao Kan, character so noble, moreover, cherish every minute of time, let alone in talent and virtue than they?

Reading training

The paper shows that the viewpoint of the sentence is and “Cunyin and cherish” in the “and” word meaning the same two(is)

A.old man, ninety years.B.and desire and can not be too often horses, security is also of seeking to Trinidad?

C.deposit and the hero, the dead is dead.D.and Monty have been dead, dead ears that give name.Ju Dayu, Tao Kan case, what is its purpose? answer

(eighty-three)when the book “Zhu Geliang” [sic]

The husband gentleman, static to self-cultivation, frugal and Germany to support non worldly desires not to intelligent, quiet Zhi yuan.The husband learns Sujing Ya, just need to learn also, not to learn to have wide ability, have no ambition to become a school.Her slow to Lijing, risk of governance can not be impatient.And when the chi, Italy and the day to go, and then into the litter, do not pick the world, observe the poor sad Lujiang, and what will be!

[translation]

Gentlemen of character, rely on static to self-cultivation, by thrifty to keep Germany, don't throw off the fame and fortune can't show their lofty aspirations, do not quiet cannot foresight.Learning must be quiet Yan, to learn, not learning cannot be extended to, no ambitions in learning have left achievements.Pleasure cannot excessive calendar spirit, temper can edify.Youth and time together gone, time and will disappear together, litter like fallen leaves and twigs, to society without any contribution in later life, keep the house breaking lament the past, how can also before it?

Reading training

Translate the following sentences in modern chinese.The static to self-cultivation

Kim Tak.The non worldly desires not to express

The quiet Zhi Yuan on which aspects are discussed? From several aspects and how to start the discussion?

answer what is the purpose of writing this letter?

answer the two words are often used as a “" aim high ”motto, please write this.answer

(eighty-four)Tao Kan Xi Gu “Jin Shu” [sic]

Taokan taste of travel, one holding a green rice, Kan asked: “what is this?” Who says: “the road to see, talk from the ear.” McCain bate said: “neither Ru Tian, and play the thief rice!” Of the whip.Is the people hard agricultural planting, all live in plenty.[translation]

Tao Kan once went to the countryside to tour, see a person holding a handful of immature rice, Tao Kan asked: “take these things do?” The man said, “I saw him walking on the road, just pulling a handful of them.”.“ Taokan bate says: ”since you don't even spoil the family farm, rice!“ Put that man up and whip a whip.Taokan and strict law enforcement and care for the crops, so people are diligent farming families, well-off life, everyone have ample food and clothing.Reading training

Explain the words in the following sentences.The man holding a whip and the holding of green rice add a little of the following sentence with the words ”you are not in the field“ in the ”field“ use the same is()

I don't A.to his service, then B.will be long disease enter the tunnel in order to attack it later.C.drinker D.nostalgic of the hometown translation: is the people hard agricultural planting.translation to the Tao Kan's attitude? The characteristics of what the result?

answer

(eighty-five)the fable ”Zengzi slaughters a pig“

Engzi wife, his son will cry.The mother said: ”the female(“ you ”), Gu, for women to kill swine(pig).“ Suitable anti engzi wife, wants to catch swine kill.Wife only said: ”especially with the baby play ear.“ Zeng Zi said: ”the baby is not with the play also.Infants are not aware of, to be parents and scholars, to listen to their parents to teach.This is the son of bullying, bullying is godson.The mother and the son, the son but don't believe his mother, not so into teaching also.“

One of the meanings of some words in the following sentences is not true(2 points).A.engzi wife City: B.Gu to anti female anti swine, kill:.The same ”back“"

C.'s wife to the city: D.special and baby play ear feature: Special please now bully, bully is also Godson ”this sentence translated into modern chinese.(2 points)

The ____________________________________________________________ try to summarize the meaning of the fable or give a brief talk about it to give you the inspiration.(2 points)

Answer: ____________________________________________________________

(eighty-six)Fan Zhongyan dinner

Fan Wenzheng Gong Shou bin(b plants n)state, free days rate of subordinates(subordinate officials)Castle buy wine, not cited the beginning, see mourning apparel hemp cloth of mourning(Cu plants di(weeds)number of people and was buried with camp.Public urgent(J, urgent to make inquiries, but contain lay people(hermit in reading people)died in bin, the funeral suburban, funeral gifts(f(n))convergence coffin burial goods all have not.The public gave a(frustrated look)(pass, i.e.penetration “removed”)banquet, have thick(zh only u to make relief), Bi.A person sitting off sigh cry.From the above mentioned in the most able to reflect Fan Zhongyan's first day of the world of worry and worry about the idea of the sentence.(2 points)

.“the Yueyang Tower” Fan Zhongyan should be banished to keep “far corners of the” Teng Zijing invited written, both to exhort there are also other encourage each other.According to the passage of the story, you are “in the rivers and lakes are far away from the king,” the meaning of this sentence, there is a new understanding?(3 points)

The answer to the question that gave a banquet given to the penetration thickness(2 points.As long as the answer to “gave a” can get out;no answer “gave a”, the other 3 to answer at least 2, 1 points).not only worry about people and Jun(2.Can be the meaning of.If you can use the knowledge of the use of knowledge, contact the previous sentence to be explained, can be added bonus points 1.If students answer no new understanding can get 1 points, if there is sufficient reason may be 2 points.)

(eighty-seven people)

The method is: Lu Lu chenqie princes, to redeem it, taking gold in house.The Zulu princes Zigong ransom and let the gold.Kong Zi said: “thanks to the loss of the!The husband can lift, sage refinement, and can be applied to teach people, not only suitable for oneself.This lack of Shandong wealth while the poor, the gold is lossless in line, do not take the gold, there will be no ransom.”

The person who worship the road lifesaving in cattle by Kong Zi Lu Hei said Lu people need such lifesaving.The government: refers to the state treasury.The student Zigong: Kong Zi.The given name: zigong.The road: Kong Zi students.In this paper, Zigong write what? What is Kong Zi's attitude towards his practice? What is the reason for Kong Zi to hold this attitude? Answer it in your own words.(4 points)

answer there is no punctuation mark in the first part of the article, please use the line to mark the position of the need to add the punctuation mark.(3 points)

The person who Lu lifesaving worship to cattle by Kong Zi Lu Lu will be fond of people who carry lifesaving.The answer in the states out of Zigong luguoren, but not Yilu law receive deserved ransom.(1)Kong Zi did not agree with this practice zigong.(1)according to Confucius Saint behavior can affect people, Zi Gong not ransom can not guide the less affluent people follow him to redeem slaves of the state of Lu.(2 points)people who worship the lifesaving road to cattle by Kong Zi Lu Hei said Lu people need such lifesaving.(3 points)

(eighty-eight)qiluwangyang

Yang Zi's neighbor sheep, both the rate of its party;and Yang Zi(vertical: vertical page)after the.Yang Zi said: “hey!Death of a sheep, what is the pursuit of the public?” The neighbor said: “many crossroads.” Both counter, ask: “by the sheep?” Said: “the death of the.” Xi said: “death?” Said: “crossroads in Qi Yan, I do not know of it, so also.”(for instance, “said Fu”)

Explain the following points of the word.(2 points)

(1)the neighbor of Yang Zi sheep

(2)and ask Yang Zi to pursue it.fill out the omission.(2 points)

Both counter,()asked: “by the sheep?”()said: “the death of the.” translation.(2 points)

A crossroads in Qi Yan, I do not know of it, so also.(2 points)

translation tell us what is the reason?(2 points)

Answer: the structural particle, the pronoun, sheep Yang Zi neighbor

There are also 3 crossings among the rest, I do not know(sheep)fled to which way up, so I came back.4.Things(logic)is complex and changeable, only a clear direction to find right way(not only to go astray).Or: things are not specific, it will be nothing.(eighty-nine)metaphor

Puyang Zheng Junzhong resolution, the left hand thumb is rash and Su Yan, uplift.Jun suspected, to show people, people laugh, thinking that the problem.Both three days, together and such as money.What about AIDS, and to show people, smiles again.And three days, thumb grip surplus, nearly all of the thumb and finger limb pain, one patient in all.Fear and seek the various doctors, medicine, Jing said: “the disease of the strange, although the disease refers to, in fact, a disease, not fast treatment and kills.However, when the day can be more originating,;three, more and more late;this disease, is not the March cannot convalesce.All day long and more, Viagra governance also;more late and more, cure;as is, what will be extended almost liver and diaphragm 4.Otherwise, we will also arm sorrow.Not to resist the inside, its potential more than;not to be treated outside, the disease is not easy to.” The king from his day, decoction, and Fu by taking good medicine, fruit to February and then March and look on it only occasionally.I think it is a matter of the world, often sent to the micro, and eventually for the big suffering;beginning to think that the problem is not treated, but as for the.When the easy also, cherish overnight, suddenly the regardless of;and not only into the product of years, consider fatigue, and only grams, so that many do.(Fang Xiaoru “bull”)[note] 1: four inches for a grip.The backbone(L): spine.The concept of an(CH? U): rehabilitation.The liver and diaphragm: refers to the organs of the human body.5: Tu fu.Add a little of the following sentences to explain the error of the two()(2 points)

A.fear and seek medical(Planning)B.will be extended to the liver and diaphragm(Man Yan)

C.disease is not easy to(transform)D.plot years, tired of thinking, and only grams of(elimination)add some words in the following sentences with the same meaning:(2 points)()()(two)

A.day decoction, and Fu Yishanyao Xu to the dipper oil drop action

B.speed of cure, and kills "Yugong, and ninety years

C.although the disease refers to, in fact, a body disease, although there are hundreds of people, the first hundred fingers

D.all day long,

第二篇：课外文言文

课外文言文

（一）徐孺子的故事

徐孺子年九岁，尝月下戏，人语之曰：“若令月中无物，当极明邪？”徐曰“不然。譬如人眼中有瞳子无此必不明。”（《世说新语•言语》）

1、对本文内容理解正确的一项是（）

A、徐孺子九岁时在月下玩耍的时候，别人指责了他。B、有人告诉徐孺子，月亮里什么也没有。

C、徐孺子告诉别人，人的眼睛里如果没有瞳仁会更明亮。

D、徐孺子没有直接回答提问者的问题，而是将月亮与人的眼睛比较，让提问者更容易明白这个问题的道理，从而通过比较来回答了提问者的问题。

2、请用“∕”给文中画线句断句：（限两处）譬如人眼中有瞳子无此必不明

（二）司马光好学

司马温公幼时，患记问不若人，群居讲习，众兄弟既成诵，游息矣；独下帷绝编，迨能倍诵乃止。用力多者收功远其所精诵乃终身不忘也。温公尝言：“书不可不成诵，或在马上，或中夜不寝时，咏其文，思其义所得多矣。”

（节选自《三朝名臣言行录》）

1． 本文中概括主旨的句子是：（）

A ． 用力多者收功远。B ． 其所精通乃终身不忘。C ．书不可不成诵。D ． 咏其文，思其义，所得多矣。2.请用两个 “／” 给文中划线句断句 用力多者收功远其所精诵乃终身不忘也

（三）王冕僧寺夜读

王冕者，诸暨人。七八岁时父命牧牛陇上窃入学舍听诸生诵书；听已，辄默记。暮归，忘其牛，父怒挞之。已而复如初。母曰：“儿痴如此，曷不听其所为？”冕因去，依僧寺以居。夜潜出坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之，琅琅达旦。佛像多土偶，狞恶可怖。冕小儿，恬若不知。（《宋学士文集》）

１． 从本文中可以看出，王冕后来之所以成为著名的画家、诗人，其根本原因是：（）Ａ．王冕每天晚上读书直到天亮。

Ｂ．王冕幼时读书专心致志，好学不倦，并且达到入迷的程度。这种坚定的志向，顽强的学习精神，是他后来成功的基石。

Ｃ．主要是王冕的父亲打了他一顿，让他明白了读书的重要。

Ｄ．在狰狞凶恶的佛像前读书时，王冕不敢不读，因为这些佛像会惩罚他。２．请用三个／给 文中划线句断句： 七八岁时父命牧牛陇上窃入学舍听诸生诵书

（四）太祖视察东阁

太祖视事东阁①，天热甚，汗湿衣，左右更衣以进，皆经浣濯②者。参军③宋思颜曰：“主公躬行节俭，真可示法子孙。臣恐今日如此，而后或不然，愿始终如此。”太祖喜曰：“此言甚善。他人能言，或惟及于目前，而不能及于久远。或能及于已然，而不能及于将然。今思颜见我能行于前而虑我不能行于后信能尽忠于我也。”乃赐之币。

（选自《典故纪闻》）

【注释】①：视事东阁：在东阁处理政务。②浣濯：洗涤。③参军：官名。１．对宋思颜谏言的目的，理解最恰当的一项是（）A．赞扬太祖躬行节俭 B．表明对太祖的忠心 C．希望太祖始终节俭 D．暗示太祖给予奖赏

2.请用“ ／” 给文中划线句断句（限两处）：

今思颜见我能行于前而虑我不能行于后信能尽忠于我也

（五）董遇“三余”读书

董遇字季直，性质讷而好学。兴平中，关中扰乱，与兄季中依将军段煨。采稆负贩而常挟持经书投闲习读其兄笑之而遇不改。遇善治《老子》，为《老子》作训注。又善《左氏传》，更为作《朱墨别异》，人有从学者，遇不肯教，而云：“必当先读书百遍！”言：“读书百遍，其义自见。” 从学者云：“苦渴无日。” 遇言：“当以„三余‟。” 或问“三余”之意。遇言：“冬者岁之余，夜者日之余，阴雨者时之余也。”（《三国志》）

１． 对董遇的“必当先读书百遍”这句话理解最不正确的一项是（）A． 这句话是为了启发别人自学的积极性而说的。

Ｂ．它的用意是要求人们在反复诵读的过程中用心思考，以达到“其义自见”的目的。Ｃ．他很高傲，懒得理会那些向他求教的人。

Ｄ．这句话告诉了人们，他自己也是这样读书百遍才学有所成的。2．请用三个“／” 给下列句子断句：

采稆负贩而常挟持经书投闲习读其兄笑之而遇不改

第三篇：课外文言文

【甲】张姓者偶行溪谷，闻崖上有声甚厉。寻途登觇，见巨蛇围如碗，摆扑丛树中，以尾击柳，柳枝崩折。反侧倾跌之状，似有物捉制之，然审视殊无所见，大疑。渐近临之，则一螳螂据顶上，以刺刀攫其首，颠不可去。久之，蛇竟死。视额上革肉，已破裂云

【乙】尝见一蜘蛛布网壁间，离地约二三尺，一大蛇过其下，昂首欲吞蜘蛛，而势稍不及；久之，蛇将行矣，蜘蛛忽悬丝而下，垂身半空，若将追蛇者；蛇怒，复昂首欲吞之，蜘蛛引丝疾上；久之，蛇又将行矣，蜘蛛复悬丝疾下，蛇复昂首待之，蜘蛛仍还守其网，如是者三四次；蛇意稍倦，以首俯地，蜘蛛乘其不备，奋身飙①下，踞蛇之首，抵死不动；蛇狂跳颠掷，以至于死。蜘蛛乃盬②其脑果腹而去。

【注释】①飙：暴风。这里指迅速。②盬（gū）：吸饮。

21．解释下列句子中加点词的意思。（5分）

⑴闻崖上有声甚厉 ⑵渐近临之 ⑶久之，蛇竟死

⑷尝见一蜘蛛布网壁间 ⑸蜘蛛乃盬 ②其脑果腹而去

22．写出下列句子中加点词的不同意义。（4分）

⑴之 ①反侧倾跌之状 ②蛇复昂首待之

⑵以 ①以刺刀攫其首 ②以首俯地

23．用现代汉语写出下列句子的意思。（6分）

⑴然审视殊无所见

⑵蜘蛛仍还守其网，如是者三四次

24．甲文中的螳螂和乙文中的蜘蛛是最后是怎样杀死大蛇的？请你分别用文中原话回答。（4分）

25．读了这两则短文后，你从中悟出了什么道理？

答案

21． ⑴听到 ⑵从上往下看 ⑶ 终于 ⑷ 曾经 ⑸离开

22．⑴之 ① 的 ②它，指蜘蛛 ⑵以 ① 用 ②把

23．⑴然而仔细看看，什么也没有看到。

⑵蜘蛛仍然退回在它的网里，像这样有三四次。

24．甲文：螳螂据顶上，以刺刀攫其首，颠不可去。

乙文：蜘蛛乘其不备，奋身飙①下，踞蛇之首，抵死不动。

25．只要以已之长攻敌之短，就能克敌制胜，弱者也可以战胜强者。或：弱有所长，强有所短，弱者要相机而动，善于斗智，就能战胜强敌。

第四篇：课外文言文专题

课外文言文专题阅读

2010上海初三二模专题复习

杜刚

【奉贤】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）

商汤见伊尹

①②③昔者汤将往见伊尹，令彭氏之子御。彭氏之子半道而问曰：“君将何之？”汤曰：“将

④往见伊尹。”彭氏之子曰：“伊尹，天下之贱人也。若君欲见之，亦令召问焉，彼受赐矣!”

汤曰：“非汝所知也。今有药于此，食之，则耳加聪，目加明，则吾必说而强食之。今夫伊

⑤尹之于我国也，譬之良医善药也，而子不欲我见伊尹，是子不欲吾善也!”因下彭氏之子，不使御。

【注释】①汤：商朝建国君主。②伊尹：商朝初年的贤相。③御：驾车。④贱人：普通百姓。⑤下：使„„下车。

12.解释下列加点的词。（4分）

（1）非汝所知也（）（2）譬之良医善药也（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点字的含义。（3分）

则吾必说而强食之。__________________ ．

14．从文中看，“子不欲我见伊尹”的原因是__________________（用自己的话回答）（2分）

15．从商汤去见伊尹的行动，可见他是一个_________________的国君。（3分）

【虹口】

（四）阅读下文，完成12—15题（12分）

迂公修屋

有迂氏者，世称迂公，性吝啬。篱败不修，瓦裂不葺。一日，夜半暴雨，屋漏如

①②注。妻子东藏西匿，仍半身淋漓。妻且号且诟，诘曰：“吾适尔，因汝家富，不意

乃受此累。汝何以为父？何以为夫？”迂公无奈。旦日，延人治屋。然自后二月，天晴月朗，不见雨兆。迂公叹曰：“适葺治，即不雨，岂不徒耗资财？”

【注】①诟，责骂。②适，指女子出嫁。

12．解释下列句中加点词（4分）

⑴篱败不修修＿＿＿＿＿ ．

⑵妻且号且诟号＿＿＿＿＿ ．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子（2分）

旦日，延人治屋＿＿＿＿＿

14．文中直接表现迂公“性吝啬”的言行有：（4分）

⑴＿＿＿＿＿⑵＿＿＿＿＿

15．“迂公修屋”故事的寓意是＿＿＿＿＿（2分）

【黄浦】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）

郑板桥开仓济民

郑板桥曾任范县令，案无留牍，爱民如子。迁①潍县，值岁荒，人相食。板桥开仓赈济，或阻之，板桥曰：“此何时，若辗转申报，民岂得活乎?上有谴②，我任之。”即发谷与民，活．

万余人。去任之日，父老沿途送之。．

【注释】①迁：指调动官职。②谴：责问、责备。

12．解释下列句中加点词（4分）

（1）我任之（）（2）去任之日（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子（3分）

即发谷与民，活万余人。

14．联系上下文，“或阻之”的理由是（用自己的话回答）（2分）

15．文中的郑板桥是一个的人。（3分）

【卢湾】

（四）阅读下文，完成12—15题（12分）

①②刘羽冲,性孤僻，好讲古制。偶得古兵书，伏读经年，自谓可将兵十万。会有土寇，自练

乡兵与之角。全队溃覆，几为所擒。又得古水利书，伏读经年，自谓可使千里成沃壤。州官

③使试于一村，沟洫甫成，水大至，顺渠灌入，人几为鱼。由是抑郁不自得，恒独步庭阶，摇首自语曰：“古人岂欺我哉？”

[注] ①经年：经过若干年。②将：率领。③甫：刚刚，才。

12．解释下列句中的加点词。（4分）

（1）会有土寇（）（2）州官使试于一村（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。（2分）

古人岂欺我哉？

14．用自己的话概括刘羽冲的两次失败：（1）（2）（4分）

15．下列各项与本文主旨最接近的是（2分）

A．纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。

B．向来枉费推移力，此日中流自在行。

C．非学无以致疑，非问无以广识。

D．敏而好学，不耻下问。

【闵行】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）

一国尽服紫

①②齐桓公好服紫，一国尽服紫。当是时也，五素不得一紫。桓公患之，谓管仲曰：“寡．

人好服紫，紫贵甚，一国百姓好服紫不已，寡人奈何？”管仲曰：“君欲止之，何不试勿衣．

紫也，谓左右曰：‘君甚恶紫之臭。’于是左右适有衣紫而进者，公必曰：‘少却，吾恶紫臭。’”公曰：“诺。”

④于是日，郎中莫衣紫。其明日，国中莫衣紫。三日，境内莫衣紫也。

注：①紫：紫色，这里指紫色的衣服。②素，没有染色的丝织品。③臭：气味。④郎中：官名，这里代指宫中。

12．解释下列句中加点词（4分）

（1）齐桓公好服紫（）（2）君欲止之（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子（3分）

于是日，郎中莫衣紫。

14．文中与“紫贵甚”照应的句子是“________”。（2分）

15．这个故事蕴含的道理，正确的一项是（3分）

A.居高位者在生活上不能追求奢华。

B.做臣子的应该敢于进谏，并善于进谏。

C.只有大家共同努力，才能改变不良现象。

D.上行下效，要改变不良现象必须从上做起。

③

【浦东】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）

鹦鹉噪虎

①女几之山，鹊所巢，有虎出于朴簌，鹊集而噪之。鹦鹉闻之，亦集而噪。寒鸦见而问

之曰：“虎行地者也，其如子何哉，而噪之也？”鹊曰：“是啸而生风，吾畏其颠吾巢，故

②噪而去之。”问于鹦鹉，鹦鹉无以对。寒鸦笑曰：“鹊之巢木末也，畏风故忌虎，尔穴居．

者也，何以噪为？”

注释：①朴簌：小树。②木末：树梢

12．解释下列句中加点词（4分）

（1）虎行地者也（）（2）故噪而去之（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子（3分）

问于鹦鹉，鹦鹉无以对。

14．鹊“集而噪之”的原因是。（用原文语句回答）（2分）

15．这是一则寓言，其寓意是。（3分）

【普陀】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12-----15题（12分）

王安石待客

王安石在相位，子妇之亲①萧氏子至京师，因谒公，公约之饭。翌日，萧氏子盛服而往，意为公必盛馔②。日过午，觉饥甚而不敢去。又久之，方命坐，果蔬皆不具，其人已心怪之。．

酒三行，初供胡饼两枚，次供猪脔③数四，顷即供饭，傍置菜羹而已。萧氏子颇娇纵，不复下箸，惟啖胡饼中间少许，留其四旁，公取自食之。其人愧甚而退。．

①子妇之亲：儿媳妇家的亲戚。②馔（zhuàn）：准备食物。③脔(luán)：切成小块的肉。

12、解释下列句中加点词（4分）

（1）觉饥甚而不敢去()（2）公取自食之()．．

13、用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点词的含义（3分）

其人已心怪之 ．

14、“其人愧甚而退”的原因是。（用原文语句回答）（2分）

15、从这件小事可以看出王安石是一个、的人。（3分）

【青浦】

（四）阅读下文，完成11—15题（14分）

诗画皆以人重

①②予尝谓诗文书画皆以人重，苏、黄遗墨流传至今，一字兼金；章惇、京、卞岂不工书，③后人粪土视之，一钱不直。永叔有言，古之人率皆能书，独其人之贤者传遂远，使颜鲁公．

书虽不工，后世见者必宝之，非独书也。诗文之属莫不皆然。．

选自《明清闲情小品赏析》

【注释】①兼金：价值等于平常金子几倍的好金子。②章惇(dūn)、京、卞：京指蔡京，卞指蔡卞，三人都是北宋朝廷大臣，擅长书法，都被《宋史》列入《奸臣传》。③颜鲁公，即颜真卿。工书法，自创一体，对后世影响很大，人称“颜体”。

11．“永叔”，晚年号“六一居士”，就是指北宋的__________，我们学过他的经典散文名篇_________。（2分）

12．解释下列句子中加点的词语。（4分）

（1）独其人之贤者传遂远（）．

（2）诗文之属莫不皆然．（）

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子，注意加点词的含义。（3分）

章惇、京、卞岂不工书，后人粪土视之，一钱不直。．

14．画线句属于_________论据，其作用是_________。（3分）

15．下列对文章的理解与分析错误的一项是（2分）

A．作者认为苏轼、黄庭坚的书法绘画作品流传下来不只是因为他们技艺高。

B．作者认为章惇、蔡京、蔡卞等人也都是些精于书法的人。

C．作者认为颜真卿的书法其实不好，后世喜欢的原因是颜真卿的品德好。

D．本文标题表明了作者的观点，就是本文的论点。

【松江】

（四）阅读下文，完成12-15题（12分）

①②周敦颐，字茂叔，道州营道人。为分宁主簿。有狱久不决，敦颐至，一讯立辨。邑人

惊曰：“老吏不如也。”部使者荐之，调南安军司理参军。有囚法不当死，王逵欲深治之。逵，③④酷悍吏也，众莫敢争，敦颐独与之辩。不听，乃委手版归，将弃官去，曰：“如此尚可仕

乎!杀人以媚人，吾不为也。”逵悟，囚得免。

【注释】①分宁:地名。②主簿：官名。③委：抛弃，扔弃。④手版：即笏（hù）板，是古代大臣上朝时手中所拿的狭长板子，用以列出上奏的事项。

12.解释下列句中加点的词语。（4分）

⑴ 有狱久不决狱（）（2）囚得免得（）．．

13.用现代汉语翻译下列句子。（2分）

有囚法不当死，王逵欲深治之。

14.敦颐“将弃官去”的原因是。（用自己的语言表述）（3分）

15.联系全文，对“王逵最终所明白的道理”理解最恰当的一项是。（3分）

A.周敦颐善于断案，才智在自己之上。

B.周敦颐为人正直，刚正不阿，自己拗不过他。

C.做事不能一意孤行，要根据实情来断案。

D.为人不能太残酷凶悍，要善意待人。

【徐汇】

阅读下文，完成12—14题（12分）

人有卖骏马者，比三旦立市，人莫之知。往见伯乐，曰：“臣有骏马，欲卖之，比三旦

①②立于市，人莫与言。愿子还而视之，去而顾之，臣请献一朝之贾。”伯乐乃还而视之，去

而顾之，一旦而马价十倍。

【注释】①还：通“环”，环绕。②贾：通“价”，价钱。

12．为下列加点词选择恰当的解释项。（6分）

（1）比三旦立市（）．

A．比较B．紧靠C．接连D．等到

（2）人莫之知（）．

A．知道B．了解C．知识D．通“智”，智慧

13．那人为了卖出自己的马，恳请伯乐做出的举动。（用自己的话回答）（3分）

14．这个故事本意用来讽刺这一类人。（3分）

【杨浦】

（四）阅读下文，完成12-15题（12分）

陈章侯蔑视显贵

1，好游于酒。人所致金钱随手尽。尤喜为贫不得志人作画，周其乏。陈章侯性诞僻○

2笔也。有一龌龊○3显者，凡贫士藉其生，数十百家。若豪贵有势力者索之，虽千金不为搦○

4，谩骂不绝。显者诱之入舟，方将鉴定宋元人笔墨。舟既发，乃出绢强之画。章侯头裸体○．

不听，遂欲自沉于水。显者拂然，乃自先去。托他人代求之，终一笔不施。．

1诞僻： 怪僻○2搦（ｎｕò）握○3龌龊：肮脏，引申为品行卑劣○

4头裸体：不戴帽子○

12（1）下列“之”的解释与文中加点词“诱之入舟”相同的一项是（4分）．

A.何陋之有？B.今或闻无罪，二世杀之

C．言之，貌若甚戚者D.属予作文以记之

（2）下列“去”的解释符合文中加点词“乃自先去”意思的一项是．

A.除掉、去掉B.失去、损失C．距离D.离开

13．用现代汉语翻译下面的句子（3分）

显者不听，遂欲自沉于水。

（用文中的话回答）（2分）

15．短文赞扬了陈章侯。（3分）

【闸北】

（四）阅读下文，完成第12—15题（12分）傅显喜读书，颇知文义，亦稍知医药，性情迂缓，望之如偃蹇①老儒。一日，雅②步行市上，逢人辄问：“见魏三兄否?”或指所在，雅步以往。比相见，喘息良久。魏问相见何．

意。曰：“适在苦水井前，遇见三嫂在树下作针黹③，倦而假寐④。小儿嬉戏井旁，相距三、五尺耳，似乎可虑。男女有别，不便呼三嫂使醒，故走觅兄。”魏大骇，奔往，则妇已俯井．

哭子矣。

【注释】①偃蹇（yǎnjiǎn）：迂腐萎靡的样子。②雅：美好不粗俗。③针黹（zhǐ）：针线活。④假寐：不脱衣服小睡。

12．解释下列句中加点的词语。（4分）

（1）比相见（）（2）故走觅兄（）．．

13．用现代汉语翻译文中画线的句子。（3分）

雅步行市上，逢人辄问：“见魏三兄否?”

14．下列各句不能表现傅显性情迂缓的一句是（2分）．．

A．颇知文义，亦稍知医药。

B．望之如偃蹇老儒。

C．或指所在，雅步以往。

D．男女有别，不便呼三嫂使醒。

15．这个故事的寓意是（3分）

第五篇：课外文言文

（一）楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。请

画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。”

一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇曰：“我能为之足！”未成，一人之

蛇成，夺取卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足？”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终亡其酒。

①祠（cí）——周代贵族一年四季都要祭祀祖宗，每个季度祭祀都有专门的称呼，春天

祭祀叫“祠”。②舍人——指待从宾客，左右亲近的人。卮（zhī）—— 古代盛酒的器具。

③相谓——互相商量。④引酒——拿过酒杯。引，取过来。且——将要。⑤固——本来。

⑥子——对人的尊称。安——怎能，哪能。⑦遂——就。

１、解释加点的词：

先成者饮酒： ．

夺其卮曰：．

遂饮其酒：．

２、翻译句子：

乃左手持卮蛇固无足，子安能为之足___________________________________

3、写出由这则寓言故事形成的成语：

（二）蚌（bàng）方出曝（pù），而鹬(yù)吸其肉，蚌合而钳(qián)其喙(huì鸟的嘴)。鹬曰：

“今日不雨，明日不雨，即有死蚌。”蚌亦谓鹬曰：“今日不出，明日不出，即有死鹬 两者

不肯相舍，渔者得而并擒之。

1、“舍”词典上有多项意义，在文中的读法和意义是（）。

Ａ、shâ，房屋 Ｂ、shâ，谦词 Ｃ、shě，舍弃 Ｄ、shě，施舍

2、解释下列加点字

①蚌亦谓鹬曰 ：．

②渔者得而并擒之： ．

③而鹬(yù)吸其肉 ：．

3、把下面这个句子解释成现代白话文的句子，使通顺易懂。

今日不雨，明日不雨，即有死蚌。

4、写出由这则寓言故事的寓意：