“方孝孺,字希直,宁海人”阅读答案(附翻译)（共5则）

第一篇：“方孝孺,字希直,宁海人”阅读答案(附翻译)

阅读下面的文言文，完成16－20题。（19分）方孝孺，字希直，宁海人。父克勤，洪武中循吏，自有传。孝孺幼警敏，双眸炯炯，读书日盈寸，乡人目为“小韩子”。长从宋濂学，濂门下知名士皆出其下。先辈胡翰、苏伯衡亦自谓弗如。孝孺顾末视文艺，恒以明王道、致太平为己任。尝卧病，绝粮，家人以告，笑曰：“古人三旬九食，贫岂独我哉！”父克勤坐“空印”事诛，扶丧归葬，哀动行路。既免丧，复从濂卒业。洪武十五年，以吴沉、揭枢荐，召见。太祖喜其举止端整，谓皇太子曰：“此庄士，当老其才。”礼遣还。后为仇家所连，逮至京。太祖见其名，释之。二十五年，又以荐召至。太祖曰：“今非用孝孺时。”除汉中教授，日与诸生讲学不倦。蜀献王闻其贤，聘为世子师。每见，陈说道德。王尊以殊礼，名其读书之庐曰“正学”。明年五月，燕兵至江北，帝下诏征四方兵。孝孺曰：“事急矣。遣人许以割地，稽延数日，东南募兵渐集。北军不长舟楫，决战江上，胜负未可知也。”帝遣庆成郡主往燕军，陈其说。燕王不听。帝命诸将集舟师江上。而陈瑄以战舰降燕，燕兵遂渡江。时六月乙卯也。帝忧惧，或劝帝他幸，图兴复。孝孺力请守京城以待援兵，即事不济，当死社稷。乙丑，金川门启，燕兵入，帝自焚。是日，孝孺被执下狱。先是，成祖发北平，姚广孝以孝孺为托，曰：“城下之日，彼必不降，幸勿杀之。杀孝孺，天下读书种子绝矣。”成祖颔之。至是欲使草诏。召至，悲恸声彻殿陛。成祖降榻，劳曰：“先生毋自苦，予欲法周公辅成王耳。”孝孺曰：“成王安在？”成祖曰：“彼自焚死。”孝孺曰：“何不立成王之子？”成祖曰：“国赖长君。”孝孺曰：“何不立成王之弟？”成祖曰：“此朕家事。”顾左右授笔札，曰：“诏天下，非先生草不可。”孝孺投笔于地，且哭且骂曰：“死即死耳，诏不可草。”成祖怒，命磔诸市。孝孺慨然就死，作绝命词曰：“天降乱离兮孰知其由，奸臣得计兮谋国用犹。忠臣发愤兮血泪交流，以此殉君兮抑又何求？呜呼哀哉兮庶不我尤！”时年四十有六。其门人德庆侯廖永忠之孙镛与其弟铭，检遗骸瘗聚宝门外山上。孝孺工文章，醇深雄迈。每一篇出，海内争相传诵。永乐中，藏孝孺文者罪至死。门人王稌潜录为《侯城集》，故后得行于世。（选自《明史》，有删改）16．对下列各句中加点的字词解释不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．乡人目为“小韩子” 目：示意B．父克勤坐“空印”事诛 坐：由„„而获罪C．此庄士，当老其才 老：用„„到老D．呜呼哀哉兮庶不我尤 尤：怪罪17．下列各句中加点词的用法与“礼遣还”中的“礼”相同的一项是（）（3分）A．予欲法周公辅成王耳 B.读书日盈寸C．当死社稷 D.成祖颔之18．下列对原文有关内容的理解不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．方孝孺自幼聪颖，读书特别多，被称作“小韩愈”。B．宋濂门下有名的人后来都向方孝孺学习，以他为师。C．因为姚广孝的求情，成祖也认为方孝孺是著名的才子，所以没打算杀他。D．方孝孺的文章很好，但在明朝永乐年间，他的文章被官方禁止。19．用斜线“/”给下面文言文中画下划线的部分断句。（3分）士君子处世贵能有益于物耳不徒高谈虚论左琴右书以费人君禄位也国之用材大较不过六事„„人性质长短，岂责具美于六途哉？但当皆晓指趣，能守一职，便无愧耳。（取材于颜之推《颜氏家训》）20．翻译文中划线的句子。（7分）（1）孝孺顾末视文艺，恒以明王道、致太平为己任。（3分）（2）孝孺力请守京城以待援兵，即事不济，当死社稷。（4分）参考答案：16．（3分）参考答案：A、目，看作17．（3分）参考答案：B都是名作状。其他都作动词。18．（3分）参考答案：B．“皆出其下”，即都不如方孝孺。19．（3分）士君子处世/贵能有益于物耳/不徒高谈虚论/左琴右书/以费人君禄位也/国之用材/大较不过六事（每错一处扣0.5分，扣完3分为止。）译文：士人君子立身处世，贵在能做一些有益的事情，不仅仅蚊帐谈阔论，左边摆着琴，右边放着书，虚耗君主赐给他的俸禄职位，国家要用的人才，大约不过六个方面„„只是人的秉性各有短长，怎可以强求这六个方面都做好呢？只要对这些都通晓大意，而做好其中的一个方面，也就没有惭愧的事了。（暑假作业十八）20．（1）（3分）参考答案：方孝孺却轻视文辞写作的技巧，常常把阐明王道、获得天下太平作为自己的使命。（重点词：顾，却；末视，轻视；恒，常常）（2）（4分）参考答案：方孝孺竭力请求守住京城来等待救兵，假如事情不成功，就决心为国家而死。（重点词：即，假如；济，成功；死，为„„而死；社稷，国家）

第二篇：《杨徽之，字仲猷，建州浦城人》阅读附答案

《杨徽之，字仲猷，建州浦城人》

杨徽之，字仲猷，建州浦城人。祖郜，仕闽为义军校。家世尚武，父澄独折节为儒，终浦城令。徽之幼刻苦为学，邑人江文蔚善赋，江为能诗，徽之与之游从，遂与齐名。尝肄业于浔阳庐山，时李氏据有江表，乃潜服至汴、洛，以文投窦仪、王朴，深赏遇之。

乾德初，与郑^并出为天兴令，府帅王彦超素知其名，待以宾礼。蜀平，移峨眉令。时宋白宰玉津，多以吟咏酬答。复为著作佐郎、知全州，就迁左拾遗、右补 阙。太平兴国初，代还。太宗素闻其诗名，因索所著。徽之以数百篇奏御，且献诗为谢，其卒章有“十年流落今何幸，叨遇君王问姓名”语。太宗览之称赏，自是圣 制多以别本为赐。迁侍御史、权判刑部。尝属疾，遣尚医诊疗，赐钱三十万。

时刘昌言拔自下位，不逾时参掌机务，惧无以厌人望，常求自安之计文言文阅读答案 归有光《项脊轩志》文言文阅读答案 归有光《项脊轩志》。董俨为右计使，欲倾昌言代之，尝谓徽之曰：“上遇张洎、钱若水甚厚，旦夕将大用。”有直史馆钱熙者，与昌言厚善，诣徽之，徽之语次及之。熙遽以告昌言，昌言以告洎。洎方固宠，谓徽之遣熙构飞语中伤己，遂白上。上怒，召昌言质其语。出徽之为山南东道行军司马，熙落职通判朗州。徽之未行，改镇安军行军司马。

未几，以足疾请告，上取名药以赐。郊祀不及扈从，车驾北巡，徽之力疾辞于苑中。上顾谓曰：“卿勉进医药，比见，当不久也。”及驻跸大名，特降手诏存谕。明年春正月，车驾还，又遣使临问。卒，年八十。

徽之纯厚清介，守规矩，尚名教，尤疾非道以干进者。尝言：“温仲舒、寇准用搏击取贵位，使后辈务习趋竞，礼俗浸薄。”世谓其知言。徽之寡 谐于俗，唯李P、王v深所推服，与石熙载、李穆、贾黄中为文义友。自为郎官、御史，朝廷即待以旧德。善谈论，多识典故，唐室以来士族人物，悉能详记。酷好 吟咏，每对客论诗，终日忘倦。既没，有集二十卷留于家，上令夏侯峤取之以进。徽之无子。后徽之妻王卒，及葬，复以缗帛赐其家。

9．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（）

A．徽之与之游从游：游学

B．欲倾昌言代之倾：排挤

C．谓徽之遣熙构飞语中伤己构：捏造

D．尚名教，尤疾非道以干进者干：干涉

10．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是（）

A．①因索所著②然后践华为城，因河为池

B．①且献诗为谢②若属皆且为所虏

C．①召昌言质其语②其皆出于此乎

D．①徽之寡谐于俗②非抗于九国之师也

11．把第Ⅰ卷文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（7分）

(1)有直史馆钱熙者,与昌言厚善,诣徽之,徽之语次及之.（3分）

(2)温仲舒、寇准用搏击取贵位,使后辈务习趋竞,礼俗浸薄.（4分）

12．第Ⅰ卷文言文中杨徽之是一个怎样的形象？请简要概括.（3分）

参考答案

9.D(干：谋求)

10.D(A介词，于是/介词，凭借；B

连词，并且/副词，将要；C代词，他的/语气词，大概D.介词,与/介词，与)

11.（1）直史馆有一个叫钱熙的人，与昌言非常交好，（有一次）拜访徽之，徽之在交谈中说及此事。（“善”1分；“诣”1分；大意2分。）

（2）温仲舒、寇准用拼搏奋进来获取高位，使后辈务必学习他们的志趣和奋进精神，使（通过关系提升官位的）礼仪流俗逐渐浮薄淡化。(“搏击” 1分；“趋竞”1分；大意2分。）

12.①才艺高超②待友真诚③为人正直④不随流俗（1点1分，共4分）

第三篇：虞荔字山拔会稽馀姚人也阅读答案及翻译

①虞荔，字山拔，会稽馀姚人也。祖权，梁廷尉卿、永嘉太守。父检，平北始兴王谘议参军。荔幼聪敏，有志操。年九岁，随从伯阐候太常陆垂，垂问《五经》凡有十事，荔随问辄应，无有遗失，垂甚异之。又尝过徽士何胤，时太守衡阳王亦造焉，胤言之于王，王欲见荔，荔辞曰：“未有板刺①，无容拜谒。”王以荔有高尚之志，雅相钦重，还郡，即辟为主簿，荔又辞以年小不就。及长，美风仪，博览坟籍，善属文。释褐，署法曹外兵参军，兼丹阳诏狱正。梁武帝于城西置士林馆，荔乃制碑，奏上，帝命勒之，立于馆，仍用荔为士林学士。寻为司文郎，迁通直散骑侍郎，兼中书舍人。时左右之任，多参权轴，内外机 务，互有带掌，唯荔与顾协淡然以退，居于西省，但以文史见知，当时号为清白。寻领大著作。

②初，荔母随荔入台，卒于台内，寻而城陷，情礼不申，由是终身蔬食布衣，不听音乐，虽任遇隆重，而居止俭素，淡然无营。文帝深器之，常引在左右，朝夕顾访。荔生沉密，少言论，凡所献替，莫有见其际者，故不列于后焉。

③时荔第二弟寄寓于闽中，依陈宝应，荔每言之辄流涕。文帝哀而谓曰：“吾亦有弟在远，此情甚切，他人岂知。”乃敕宝应求寄，宝应终不遣。荔因以感疾，帝数往临视。令荔将家口入省，荔以禁中非私居之所，乞停城外。文帝不许，乃令住于兰台，乘舆再三临问，手敕中使，相望于道。又以荔蔬食积久非羸疾所堪乃敕曰能敦布素乃当为高卿年事已多气力稍减今给卿鱼肉不得固从所执也荔终不从天嘉二年卒，时年五十九。

④文帝甚伤惜之，赠侍中，谥曰德子。及丧柩还乡里，上亲出临送，当时荣之。

注：①板刺，即名片。古时书写名字于竹木片上，作访问通名之用。

4．对下列句子中加点词的解释，正确的一项是（）(3分)

A.又尝过徽士何胤 过：责备。

B.帝命勒之，立于馆 勒：勾勒。

C.淡然无营 营：谋求。

D.当时荣之 荣：荣耀。

5．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是()(3分)

A.又以荔蔬食积／久非羸疾所堪／乃敕曰／能敦布素乃当为高卿／年事已多／气力稍减／今给卿鱼肉不得／固从所执也／荔终不从／

B.又以荔蔬食积久／非羸疾所堪／乃敕曰／能敦布素／乃当为高／卿年事已多／气力稍减／今给卿鱼肉／不得固从所执也／荔终不从／

C.又以荔蔬食积／久非羸疾所堪／乃敕曰／能敦布素乃当为高／卿年事已多／气力稍减／今给卿鱼肉／不得固从所执也／荔终不从／

D.又以荔蔬食积久／非羸疾所堪／乃敕曰／能敦布素／乃当为高卿／年事已多／气力稍减／今给卿鱼肉不得固／从所执也／荔终不从／

6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，正确的一项是（）(3分)

A.虞荔幼年时聪明敏睿，有志向。九岁时便受到陆垂的赏识，当时名士何胤也慕名而来，要一睹其风采。

B.何胤非常钦佩虞荔，向衡阳王推荐他当主簿，但虞荔以年纪小辞谢而不就任。

C.虞荔为人至孝，因为母亲在世时未能尽孝，所以母亲死后他终身吃素食穿布衣，连音乐也不听了。

D.文帝被虞荔的爱弟之情所感动，下诏向陈宝应索要虞寄，但虞寄最终还是不能回来和虞荔团聚。

7．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）垂问《五经》凡有十事，荔随问辄应，无有遗失，垂甚异之。

（2）文帝不许，乃令住于兰台，乘舆再三临问，手敕中使，相望于道。

参考答案

4．C

5．B

6．D

7．（1）陆垂问虞荔《五经》中的十件事，虞荔随问随答，没有遗漏缺失的地方，陆倕对他的才华十分惊奇(诧异)。

（2）文帝不许可，使命令他家住在兰台，文帝乘舆再三亲临慰问，亲自写诏书派往探视的宫中使者，在道路上彼此都能看到。

【参考译文】

虞荔字山披，会稽馀姚人。祖父虞权，在梁朝任延尉卿、永嘉太守。父亲虞检，任平北始兴王谘议参军。虞荔幼年时聪明敏睿，有志向操守。九岁那年，随从堂伯父虞阐去探望太常陆垂，陆垂问虞荔《五经》中的十件事，虞荔随问随答，没有遗漏缺失的地方，陆倕对他的才华十分惊奇(诧异)。又 曾经拜访不就朝廷征聘的士人何胤，当时太守衡阳王也去拜访何胤，何胤把虞荔的情况告诉衡阳王，衡阳王要见虞荔，虞荔推辞说：“没有准备见客的名刺(言示曾 做官)，不可拜见。”衡阳王因为虞荔有高尚的志行，素来极为敬重他，回到郡中，立即征召虞荔为主簿，虞荔又以年纪小辞谢而不就任；到成年时，有漂亮的风度 仪表，博览古代典籍，善于作文章。脱去平民布衣，署理法曹外兵参军，兼任丹阳诏狱正。梁武帝在京城西边设置士林馆，虞荔于是就写作碑文，呈上朝廷，梁武帝 命令将碑文刻在石上，陈列于馆中，便任用虞荔做士林学士，接着任用为司文郎，升任通直散骑侍郎，兼任中书舍人。当时梁武帝左右任职的官员；多参与权力中 枢，朝廷内外的军政大事，互相间交错兼管，惟有虞荔和顾协平静淡泊恭谨地退避，居住在宫中西边的官署里，只以通晓叉史为人所知，当时号称清白。接着领大著 作的职务。

当初，虞荔的母亲随虞荔进入台城，死于台城中，接着台城失陷，哀情丧礼无法表示，虞荔因此终身吃素食穿布衣，不听音乐，虽所担任职务待遇责盛，而生 活节俭朴素，宁静淡泊无所追求。文帝十分器重他，时常带领在自己身边，早晚顾问。虞荔性格深沉谨慎，少说话，凡是诤言进谏献上可行的意见除去不可行的做 法，这方面没有谁能比得上他，所以虞荔的位置不会列在别人之后。

当时虞荔的第二个弟弟虞寄居住在闽中，依附陈宝应，虞荔每次谈到他就流泪。文帝哀怜而对他说“我也有弟弟在远方，这种思念的心情十分迫切，他人哪里 知道。”于是下发诏令给陈宝应索要虞寄，陈宝应最终不肯遣送。虞荔因此而伤感生病，五帝几次亲往看望。命令虞荔将家中人，搬进宫中居住，虞荔以宫中不是私 家居住的处所，请求留居城外，文帝不许可，使命令他家住在兰台，文帝乘舆再三亲临慰问，亲自写诏书派往探视的宫中使者，在道路上彼此都能看到。又因为虞荔吃素食太久，不能承受疲病的折磨，文帝于是下诏令说：“能淳朴地穿布衣吃素食，便是高尚的节操，你年纪已经老了，生气活力稍有减退，现在给你鱼肉，不准坚持所遵守的布衣素食的做法。”虞荔最终不听从。天嘉二年去世，时年五十九岁。

文帝十分哀伤惋惜，赠给他侍中的官衔，谥号叫做“德子”，到他的丧枢送还故乡时，文帝亲自出来送行，当时的人对此感到非常荣耀。

第四篇：人教新课标高中英语必修一至四翻译练习及答案

必修一

Unit 1 Friendship 1.你把所有的数加起来就会知道结果了。(add up)You will know the result when you add up all numbers.2.我们努力想让他平静下来，但他还是激动地大叫。(calm down)We tried to calm him down but he kept shouting excitedly.3.玛丽在医院里住了很长一段时间后，恢复了健康。(recover)After a long stay in hospital, Mary recovered.4.李鸣在这里定居后，和邻居们相处的很好。(settle;get along with)Since li Ming settled here,he has got along well with his neighbors.5.如果你不想和我在一起，你就收拾东西走人。(pack up)If you don’t want to stay with me,you can pack up and go.6.战争期间，我受了很多苦。我用日记记下了自己的经历，以便老了以后能够记住。(suffer;set down)During the war,I suffered a lot.I wrote my diary to set down my experiences so I would remember them when I was old.Unit 2 English around the world 1.博物馆要求参观的游客不得在馆内拍照。(request)Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum.2.邓小平在中国经济发展的过程中起着非常重要的作用。(play a part;economy)Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.3.记者问作家他作品中的人物是以谁为原型的。(base)The reporter asked the writer who he based his characters on.4.她说：“我会穿一件红色的长大衣，这样你肯定能认出我来。”(recognize)“I’ll be wearing a long red coat so you’ll be sure to recognize me,”she said.5.沿着这条路走三个街区，然后右转，医院就在你的左边。(block)Go along the road for three blocks and the turn right.You’ll see the hospital on your left.6.我们有很多工作要做，所以要利用好时间。(make use of)We have a lot of work to do,so we have to make good use of time.7.他直接去了纽约，没有在香港停留。(straight)He went straight to New York,without stopping in Hong Kong.8.这座城市在初夏季节常下雨。(frequent)Rains are frequent in this city in early summer.Unit 3 Travel journal 1.当我们发现山洞时已是深夜。(midnight;cave)It was midnight when we found the cave.2.在那座山上有一座海拔高达3000多米的一座庙宇。(temple;altitude)On that mountain lies a temple at an altitude of more than 3000 meters above sea level.3.明亮的火焰熊熊的燃烧，水壶里的水开始沸腾。(flame;boil)The flame of the fire burnt brightly and the kettle began to boil.4.这家店买质量很好的羊毛枕头和被子。(wool;pillow;quilt)The shop sells good wool pillows and quilts.5.每年成千上万只蝴蝶会从各个地方来到泉边。(butterfly)Every year thousands of butterflies fly to the spring from all places around it/everywhere.6.他看起来像是个善良又可靠的人，可实际上他只在乎自己的钱。(reliable)He looks like a nice and reliable man,but in fact the only thing he cares about is money.7.孩子们在蓝蓝的天空下建起了沙滩城堡。(castle;beneath)The children are building sand castles beneath blue sky.Unit 4 Earthquakes 1.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手，并向他祝贺。(judge;congratulation;cyclist)The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.2.那本书的标题是：“葬身海底的船只”。(title;bury;bottom)The title of that book is The Ship Buried at the Bottom of the sea.3.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。(mine;miner;rescue)The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.4.记者意识到女孩很害怕，而且尽力的回避问题。(reporter;frightened)The reporter realized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid question.5.大火摧毁了离这四个街区的两个商店。(destroy;block)The fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here.6.气球突然爆炸，我们大吃一惊。(burst;shock)The balloon burst suddenly and we were shocked by it.7.我无法表达我现在的感受。(express)I can’t express how I feel/ I am feeling at the moment.8.他拒绝谈起那场灾难带给他的痛苦。(suffering;disaster)He refused to talk about the sufferings he had during the disaster.9.每天早上起床，他都会快速浏览一下报纸上的新闻标题。(wake up;headline)When he wakes up every morning, he will read the headline in the newspaper very quickly.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero

1.事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻烦。(as a matter of fact;in trouble)As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble.2.曼德拉掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。(come to power;president;unfair)After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people.3.罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。(be sentenced to;release)Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.4.他恳求我让他加入我们刚成立的俱乐部。(beg;set up)He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up.5.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求助。(out of work;turn to;relative)As they were out of work, Mr.and Mrs.Black had to turn to their relatives for help.6.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租车司机一百元作为酬谢。(reward;wallet)John wanted to give 100 Yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.7.如果你失败了，你也不该灰心。(lose heart)If you fail, you shouldn’t lose heart but just keep on going.8.自从遭袭击后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。(attack;terror)After the attack, her eyes filled with terror every time she saw a dog.必修二

Unit 1 Culture Relics 1.我拿不准这本书是谁的。(belong to)I’m not quite sure who this book belongs to.2.布朗先生来到中国寻找更美好的未来。(in search of)Mr.Brown came to China in search of a better future.3.他为了做沙发而拆掉了两把椅子。(take apart)He took apart two old chairs in order to make a sofa.4.约翰提到了几个法官的名字，他对他们评价不高。(think highly of)John mentioned the names of a few judges whom he did not think highly of.5.毫无疑问，搜寻那些丢失文物的工作还会继续下去。(no doubt;search of)There is no doubt that the search for those culture relics will continue.6.当时两个国家正在打仗，大批军队被派往前线（战斗）。(at war;troops of)When two countries were at war troops of soldiers were sent to the front line to fight.7.她给了我食物和衣服，没求任何回报。(in return)She gave me food and clothes and she did not ask anything in return.Unit 2 the Olympic Games 1.只有在希腊出生的人才能成为古代奥运会的参赛者。(ancient;Greece;admit;competitor)Only those who were born in Greece could be admitted as competitors in the ancient Olympic Games.2.运动员们一个接一个地离开了奥运村。(one after another)One after another the athletes left the Olympic village.3.他和儿子抬价还价后答应他：如果孩子努力学习，他就带他去看2008年北京奥运会。(bargain;promise)He made a bargain with his son and promised him that he would take him to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games if he worked hard.4.有许多运动员虽然没有为自己赢得奥运奖牌的荣誉，却以运动家的精神帮助别人实现梦想。(athlete;glory;medal;sportsmanship)There many athletes who did not win the glory of an Olympic medal for themselves, but helped others to realize their dream by their sportsmanship.5.志愿者将帮助人们找到前往体操馆和体育场的正确的路。(volunteer;gymnasium;stadium)Volunteers will help people find their way to the gymnasia/ gymnasiums and stadia/ stadiums)

Unit 3 Computers 1.本热爱足球，他最大的快乐就是自己进球的那一刻。(happiness;goal)Ben loves football and his greatest happiness is whenever he scores a goal.2.有了电脑的帮助，你会发现处理和分享信息是不难的。(with the help of;deal with)With the help of a computer, you will not find it hard to deal with and share information)3.节课上学期考试不及格，从那时起他的父母就不再让他玩电脑游戏了。(from then on)Jack failed his exams last term and from then on his parents stopped him playing computer games.4.我不愿每周末都照看我那淘气的侄女，但是我母亲坚持我得这么做。(watch over;insist)I don’t like to watch over my naughty niece every weekend, but my mother insists that I do.5.当我年轻的时候，我并不乐意帮我妈妈做饭，但这却是在某种程度上帮助了我，现在我能做可口的饭菜啦。(in a way)6.一个能培养世界级运动员的教练将大受欢迎。(coach;universally popular)A coach who can train world class athletes will be universally popular.7.发射火箭进入太空的信号出了差错，结果火箭爆炸掉进了大海。(signal;rocket;as a result)The signal to the rocket going into space went wrong, and as a result it exploded and fell into the sea.Unit 4 Wildlife protection 1.当苏珊看到猴子们在猎物保护区相互追逐（搞得）尘土飞扬时，忍不住大笑起来。它们的样子太滑稽了。(burst into laughter;in the dust of;game reserve)Susan burst into laughter when she saw the monkeys running after each other in the dust of game reserve.They looked so funny.2.我爷爷如此盼望着麋鹿归来，以至于在南海子麋鹿苑看到它们时，他抑制不住内心的激动哭了起来。(long for;contain one’s excitement;burst into tears)My grandpa longed for the return of the Milu deer to China so much that he could hardly contain his excitement and burst into tears when he saw them in the Nahaizi Milu Park.3.野生动植物保护基金会定期视察大熊猫保护区，因此，那里的大熊猫的到了很好的保护。他们确保任何大熊猫捕猎者都会受到惩罚，毫不留情。(inspect;so that;mercy)The WWF inspects the panda reserves regularly so that the pandas there are well protected.They make sure that anyone who hunts a panda will be pushed with no mercy.4.失去那么多藏羚羊之后，猎物保护区的工作人员开始采用新的方法去抓捕偷猎者。(loss;game keepers;employ)After the loss of so many antelopes, the game keepers began to employ new methods for catching the hunters.5.当熊猫宝宝开始自己啃咬竹子时，这些科学家知道他们的实验会成功的。(succeed;bite)The scientists knew that their experiment would succeed when the panda babies began to bite and eat bamboo all by themselves.6.漏油事件危害到了许多海鸟的生存，这促使来了许多以保护鸟类为目标的社会团体的形成。(incidents with oil spills;societies come into being)Incidents with oil spills harm many sea birds, this has encouraged societies to come into being, whose aim is to save the birds.7.许多人到像深圳那样的新经济开发区去找工作，希望能提高他们的收入。(economic zone;income)Many people come to a new economic zone like Shenzhen to look for a new job, hoping to increase their income there.Unit 5 Music 1.这就是我梦想中的家！我们什么时候可以搬进来？(dream of)This is the home I has always dreamed of!When can we move in? 2.你可以跟我说实话，因为我很了解这个情况。(be honest with;be familiar with)You can be honest with me since I am familiar with this situation.3.他很喜欢拿别人来开玩笑，但是对别人开他的玩笑却非常敏感。(play jokes on;sensitive)He likes playing jokes on others but is very sensitive if others play jokes on him.4.在我被那个演员的幽默玩笑逗乐的短暂一刻，我忘记了脚上的疼痛。(brief;pain;actor)For a brief moment I forgot the pain in my legs as I laughed at the humorous jokes of the actor.5.他成功的原因很多。后来，我们一致同意，首先是歌迷的喜爱和执着使得他的事业成功。(afterwards;devotion;fan;above all)There many reasons for his success.Afterwards we agreed that above all the love of and devotion of his fans had made his career successful.6.大约从明年六月开始，我就不得不依靠儿子来养家糊口了。(or so;rely on)For the next year or so I will have to rely on my son to support the family.必修三

Unit 1 Festivals around the world 1.那张照片让她想起淹死在海里的爱人，她哭了。当她走出房间时，尽管已拭去泪水，但仍掩盖不住脸上的悲伤。(remind… of;drown;weep;wipe;sadness)The photo reminded her of her lover who had drowned at sea, and she wept.Although she had wept all her tears away when she came out of the room, she could not hide the sadness on her face.2.多年来，这位身居墨西哥的老人日夜梦想回到自己的祖国。(Mexico;day and night)For many years this old man who lives in Mexico has been dreaming day and night about going back to his homeland.3.这位精力旺盛的诗人也没有能够找出这些词的起源。(energetic;poet;origin)The energetic poet could not find the origins of the words.4.我们又见面了，他为自己没有信守诺言而向我道歉，并希望我能原谅他。(keep one’s word;apologize;forgive)When we meet again, he apologized to me for not having kept his word and asked me to forgive him.5.根据专家们的预测，他会荣获今年金鸡奖的最佳男演员奖。(prediction;award;rooster)According to experts’ prediction, he will win the best actor at the Golden Rooster Award this year.6.很明显，他在尽力屏住呼吸。(obvious;hold one’s breath)It was obvious that he was trying to hold his breath.7.如果你没有获得夜间泊车的许可，就不能在此停车。(parking;permission)If you haven’t got a night parking permission, you can’t park your car here.8.下周举行的大会是为了纪念他们的祖先100多年前来到这个村庄。(take place;in memory of;ancestor;arrival)The meeting that will take place next week is in memory of their ancestors’ arrival in the village one hundred years ago.Unit 2 Healthy eating 1.这一饮食的缺点是包含了太多的脂肪和糖分，优点是有很多提供能量的食品。(diet;strength;weakness)The weakness of this diet is that it has too much fat and sugar, its strength is that it has plenty of energy-giving food.2.那个商店老板试图通过打折来赢回顾客。(win back;discount)This shopkeeper is trying to win his customers back with a discount.3.如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话，它们是不会放过你的。(get away with)If you don’t say sorry for your mistake, they won’t let you get away with it.4.他已经负债很久了。对于他来说，如何谋生成了个大问题。(in debt;earn one’s living)He has been in debt for a long time.How to earn his living is a big problem.5.就在我等朋友时，突然发现有个男人在离我不远处正瞪眼看着我。(spy;glare at)When I was waiting for my friend, I suddenly spied a man not far away glaring at me.6.我不想对你说谎，但我不得不告诉你他的智力有限。(lie;limited)I don’t want to lie to you, but I have to say that his intelligence is limited.7.专家说吃胡萝卜对眼睛有好处。(benefit;carrot)Experts say eating carrots benefits your eyes.8.我吃饺子时通常都会加点醋，因为醋有助于消化食物。(vinegar;digest)I usually eating dumplings with a little vinegar, which I believe helps me digest the food.Unit 3 the Million Pound Bank Note 1.事实上，当他进入办公室时是偶然被保安发现的。(spot;by accident)As a matter of fact, he was spotted by accident by the guard as he entered the office.2.地面在摇晃着，人们尖叫起来，“地震了！”(scream)As the earth was shaking, people screamed, “It’s an earthquake!”

3.威廉向那女士举了一躬，送给她一个盒子，里面是一枚漂亮的真钻石戒指。(bow;genuine)William bowed to the lady and offered her a little box inside which was a genuine diamond ring.4.这些年，我有很多朋友都来到这座大城市追求幸福和成功。至于我，则想碰运气，在家乡开个公司。(seek one’s future;as for;take a chance)In recent years many of my friends have gone to the big cities to seek their future.As for me, I want to take a chance and set up my own company in my hometown.5.他把大量的时间和金钱花在世界各地的旅游上，因为他酷爱冒险。(amount;adventure)He has spent a large amount of time and money travelling around the world, as he enjoys adventures.6.小女孩盯着桌上的菠萝甜点，她很想吃。(stare;pineapple;dessert)The little girl stared at the pineapple dessert on the table and wanted to eat it very much.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars 1.既然我们已经完成了设计，就该由公司来精心建设了。(now that;in one’s turn)Now that we have finished the design, the company, in its turn, will do the construction.2.火灾没有造成太大的损失，因为消防人员及时赶到了。(in time)The fire did not cause too much damage, because the firefighters arrived in time.3.由于强大的引力，飞船被拖得离卫星很近。(gravity;pull;satellite;spaceship)The spaceship was pulled close to the satellite by its strong gravity.4.沙尘暴导致了连锁反应，最后造成火车撞毁。(chain;reaction;crash)The sandstorm led to a chain reaction which ended in a serious train crash.5.默的谈话让我们很振奋，班里的气氛也放松下来了。(atmosphere;cheer up)The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teacher’s humorous talk cheered us up.6.她昨晚刚生了一个男孩，现在还在睡觉。(give birth to)Don’t disturb her.She gave birth to a boy last night and now she is asleep.7.大部分证据都被毁了。因此，不可能证明这种药物是有害的。(harmful;thus)Most of the evidence is destroyed.Thus, it’s impossible to prove that the drug is harmful.8.云就是漂浮在空中的大片的非常细小的水滴。(float;mass)Clouds are masses of very small drops of water that float in the sky.Unit 5 Canada---“the True North 1.小时候，在黑暗中睡觉让我们感到很害怕。(terrify)When I was young, going to sleep in the dark terrified me.2.按照传统，鹰常被人们当作勇气的标志。(tradition: eagle)According to the tradition, the eagle is usually regarded as a symbol of courage.3.市区的交通总是很糟糕，我每天大概要花一个小时才能回家。(approximately;downtown)The traffic is always terrible downtown;it takes me approximately one hour to get home every day.4.这座城市里宽敞的马路上都种满了灌木和枫树。(broad;bush;maple)The city’s broad streets are lined with bushes and maple trees.5.她的衣着和行为证实了我的猜想---她的确很富有。(confirm;wealthy)Her clothes and behaviors confirmed my guess that she was really quite wealthy.6.站在塔顶上，我发现自己被云雾包围着。然而我仍能看到远处的山。那迷人的景色给我留下了深刻的印象。(surround;in the distance;scenery;impress)Standing at the top of the tower, I found myself surrounded by some clouds.However, I could still see the mountain in the distance.The beautiful scenery impressed me a lot.7.他善于交流，所以在工作中他和各种人打交道都应付自如。(have a gift for;mix;manage)He has a gift for communication, so he managed to mix with all kinds of people in his job.8.据我所知，距离汽车站不到一百米就有一个银行。(as far as;within)As far as I know, there is a bank within a hundred meters of the bus stop.必修四

Unit 1 Great woman and their achievement 1.努力提高工厂工人的工作条件是值得做的事情。(It is worthwhile to…;condition)It is worthwhile to improve working condition for factory workers.2.她的行为鼓舞了其他人继续为野生动物保护而斗争。(behavior;inspire)Her behavior inspired others to carry on the fight for wildlife protection.3.作为一名学生你应该谦虚，不应该瞧不起那些知道得比你少的同学。(modest;look down upon)As a student, you should be modest and look down upon the classmates who don’t know as much as you.4.如果人类继续这样干，我们很快就会陷入能源危机。(human beings;be short of)If human beings go on behaving like this, we will be short of energy soon.5.年轻的一代中，许多人都喜欢外国音乐和电影。(generation)Many of the young generation enjoy foreign music and films.6.如果你想知道如何翻译这个句子，你最好查字典。(refer to)If you want to know how to translate this sentence, you’d better refer to a dictionary.7.当游行队伍离开广场后，人群涌了进来。(move off;crowd in)When the parade moved off from the square, the people crowded in.Unit 2 Working the land 1.今天的课主要讲如何写新闻总结。(focus on;summary)Today’s lesson focuses on how to write a summary of a news article.2.我们必须快速浏览这个报告，找到它的主要内容。(skim)We must skim the report to find the main idea.3.老师让我们将难懂的单词划线并查字典找出其意思。(underline)The teacher told us to underline the difficult words and look them up in the dictionary.4.他说像统计数据这样的细节就不必包括在内了。(statistics;details)He said that details like statistics should not be included.5.我想我将用到一篇关于你们农民让自己土地远离化肥的报告。(keep…free of;chemical fertilizer)I think I’m going to use a report about how farmers are keeping their fields free of chemical fertilizers.6.民花了20时间来创建自己的企业。(build up)It took the famer twenty years to build up his business.7.多的化肥导致了严重的问题。(lead to)Using too much chemical fertilizer will lead to serious problems.Unit 3 Different types of English humour 1.直到现在，医生还对这种致命的疾病束手无策。(treat;deadly;disease;up to now)Up to now, doctors have been able to do very little to treat this deadly disease.2.父亲死后的一段时间里，查理非常穷困。(badly off)Charlie was badly off for a while after his father died.3.地震过后，政府为无家可归者提供了食物和毯子。(the homeless)After the earthquake, the government provided food and blankets for the homeless.4.爱玛（可）不是一个一般的作家。(ordinary)Emma is no ordinary writer.5.戴茜羞怯地走过来，穿着一件破旧的大衣。(worn)Daisy came in shyly wearing a worn-out coat.6.比赛过后，戴维挥舞着双臂，十分兴奋。(gesture)After the race, David waved his arms in a great gesture of excitement.7.弗雷迪专门为这个场合买了一套西装。(occasion)Freddy bought a new suit just for the occasion.8.爱德华脚下一滑，在冰上失去了平衡。(slide)Edward slid on the ice and lost his balance.Unit 4 Cultural differences and intercultural communication 1.为了捍卫国家的尊严，他牺牲了自己的生命。(defend)He died defending the honor of his nation.2.伊丽莎白不信任他，所以给他留了假姓名和假地址。(false)Elizabeth did not trust him, so she gave him a false name and address.3.如果早上不喝上一杯咖啡，詹妮就无法正常工作。(function)Jenny can’t function without a cup of coffee in the morning.4.在第二次世界大战期间，他由一名上尉逐渐晋升为将军。(rank)During the World War II, he rose gradually from the rank of major to general.5.别忘了明天把你的卡式录音机带来。(cassette)Don’t forget to bring your cassette recorder tomorrow.6.这里一定有什么误会，我不知道你在说什么。(misunderstanding)There must be some misunderstanding.I don’t know what you’re talking about.Unit 5 Different types of theme park 1.许多运动衣，运动鞋的品牌都采用先进技术寻找最好的设计。(brand;athletic;sneakers;advanced)Many brands of athletic clothing and sneakers use advanced technology to find the best design.2.到游乐园的方法很多：可以坐高速大巴，宾馆的往返汽车，或者乘地铁。(various;amusement;freeway;shuttle)There are various ways to reach the amusement park: by freeway, by hotel shuttle, or by subway)3.美国早期的移民不得不自己动手制作从布匹到奶油之类的一切东西。(settlers;cloth;cream)Early settlers in the US usually had to make everything from cloth to cream by themselves.4.如果你想从事旅游行业，当一个至少懂一门外语的翻译是很有帮助的。(tourism;translator)If you want to be part of the tourism business, it would be very helpful to be a translator for at least one language.5.我发现我能从接近真实生活的情景中学到很多。(get close to)I find that I can learn a lot from getting close to real life situation.6.这个主题公园有一部分模拟的是古代中国生活（场景）。(theme;be modelled after)A part of the theme park was modelled after life in ancient China.

第五篇：元好问《小圣乐·骤雨打新荷》阅读答案附翻译鉴赏（共）

导读：双调·小圣乐：据《九宫大成谱·总论》引《宋史·燕乐志》，双调、小石调，俱属商声七调。因此《太平乐府》以此曲入双调。小圣乐，是双调中一曲调(又称曲牌)名。从格调看，此即词里之慢词。

[双调]小圣乐

元好问①

绿叶阴浓，遍池亭水阁，偏趁凉多。海榴②初绽，朵朵蹙红罗。乳燕雏莺弄语，有高柳鸣蝉相和。骤雨过，珍珠乱撒，打遍新荷。

人生百年有几，念良辰美景，休放虚过。穷通前定，何用苦张罗。命友邀宾玩赏，对芳樽浅酌低歌。且酩酊，任他两轮日月，来往如梭。

[注] ①元好问：(1190—1257)字裕之，号遗山。生于金章宗明昌元年，是金元之际著名的文学家。元好问，金亡不仕，潜心著述，是金元之际成就最高的诗人。本篇作于元初。海榴：石榴。

1.曲的上半部分主要运用了什么手法?请简要分析。(6分)

2.从“穷通前定，何用苦张罗”中可以看出作者什么样的心态?请结合元曲内容简要分析。(5分)

参考答案

1.①借景抒情。绿叶浓荫、石榴花初绽、鸟语蝉鸣，勾勒出一幅美丽的盛夏风景图，表达了作者对大自然、对生活的热爱。②动静结合，有声有色。绿叶浓荫和红罗是静景也是色彩，鸟语蝉鸣是动景也是声音，动静结合有声有色，景色惹人喜爱。③比喻。一阵“骤雨过”，就像无数的珍珠杂乱地分撒而来，生动形象地描绘了雨的情态。(每点2分)

2.社会发生了沧桑巨变，作者感觉自己无能为力(1分)，只有以“穷通前定，何用苦张罗”来自我安慰(2分)，暗示了作者对现实生活和元朝统治者的不满。(2分)(共5分)

二

1.“骤雨过，珍珠乱撒，打遍新荷”描绘了一幅怎样的图景?请简要赏析。(6分)

2.作者在这首散曲中抒发了怎样的情感?请简要分析。(5分)

答案：

1.(6分)描绘出一幅雨打新荷、妙趣横生的盛夏美景图。(2分)作者运用比喻的手法，(2分)生动形象地写出夏日一场骤雨过后，荷叶上洒满雨珠，清亮的雨滴像珍珠一样在叶面跳动，洋溢着盛夏时节的自然情趣。(2分)

2.(5分)全词上阕描绘了夏日的美景，下阕即景抒情，借“人生百年有几”、“良辰美景、休放虚过”“何用苦张罗”、“且酩酊，任他两轮日月，来往如梭”等，(2分)来抒发自己对时光易逝、人生无常的感慨，(2分)以及及时行乐的情绪。(1分)

三：

8.上阕“骤雨过，珍珠乱撒，打遍新荷”历来为人称道，请选两个角度作简要赏析。(4分)

9.有人说，本词表达诗人乐天知命的情怀，有人说是抒发了诗人失意苦闷之情。你认为呢?请结合作品作简要分析。(4分)

参考答案

注释

①海榴：即石榴。

②罗：即纱罗。

③张罗：料理与筹划。

④芳樽：精美的酒杯。此处指代美酒。

双调·小圣乐：据《九宫大成谱·总论》引《宋史·燕乐志》，双调、小石调，俱属商声七调。因此《太平乐府》以此曲入双调。小圣乐，是双调中一曲调(又称曲牌)名。从格调看，此即词里之慢词。

海榴初绽：石榴花初开。

穷通前定：乃一种唯心的迷信说法，言个人命运之好坏系前世注定。

酩酊：酒醉状。

译文

绿叶繁茂一片浓阴，池塘中布满水阁，这里最凉快。石榴花刚开，妖娆艳丽散发扑鼻的香气。老燕携带着小燕，叽叽地说着话，高高的柳枝上有蝉鸣相和。骤雨刹时飞来，像珍珠一般乱洒，打遍池塘里一片片新荷。

人生能有多长时间，想想那良辰美景，好像刚刚做了一场梦一样。命运的好坏是由前生而定的，何必要自己苦苦操劳呢。邀请宾客朋友玩赏，喝酒唱歌，暂且喝个酩酊大醉，任凭它日月轮转，来往像穿梭。