南京玄武湖英文导游词

第一篇：南京玄武湖英文导游词

南京玄武湖英文导游词

Hello everybody!Welcome to Nanjing.My name is Hemeng, you can call me Christine also.It is my honor and privilege to be your tour guide.I will spare no efforts to make you comfortable and happy during this trip.If you have some questions or want some help, please feel free to contact me.On our way to the destination, I'd like to give you a brief introduction of Xuanwu Lake.Xuanwu Lake is in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, it nears Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple.It is surrounded by three mountains in three directions: the Zijing mountain to the east, the Jizhao mountain and Fuzhou mountain to the south and the Mufu mountain to the north.The Ming city wall borders the park to its south and east.The lake covers 472 hectares.Xuanwu Lake is one of Nanjing Zhongshan state-level scenic spots and an important part of the national AAAA class tourist attractions.It is the largest comprehensive park in Nanjing with the function of entertainment, leisure and exercise.So beautiful it is, Xuanwu Lake can be compared with Xihu Lake.Now, we arrive at the gate of the park.Please get off the bus one by one, then I will show you around the park.Now, let's begin our trip.Xuanwu Lake contains five oasises, namely Huan zhou, Ying zhou, Liang zhou, Cui zhou and Ling zhou.Now we are walking along the circle-shaped road which leads us to the first oasis—— Huan zhou.There are lakeside rocks and rockeries in the oasis, which shows the beauty of garden architecture in southern China.Among those rocks, the “Guanyin and Tongzi”.are the most famous.They are heritages of the zhongshan amir, Xuda ,during the Ming Dynasty.Besides,There are Lama Temple and Nuona pagoda in this part.Please follow me!Let's walk across this bridge, and here it is.We are now at Ying zhou.It is an oasis in an oasis and it gained its name for its beatuful cherry flowers growing all around.Every spring flowers bloom, which attracts millions of tourists.Let's move to next scenic spot, Liang zhou.During the Liang Dynasty, prince Liangzhaoming built a terrace for reading in this oasis, which gave it its name.It was said that prince Liang gathered thirty thousand books and called for many scholars and talents to write essays.At last, they worked out the first analects of poems and essays which exerted a great impact on the study and development of literature.Unfortunately, prince Liang died of uncured disease early.People named the oasis Liang zhou to honor this hard-working prince.I want to mention that Liang zhou is the most beautiful oasis among the rest four oasises.You can find Lake Temple, Lansheng Tower, Lotus pavilion, Taoran pavilion and other historical sites here.You will appreciate the charms of natural landscape, especially the lotus pond.Cui zhou is to the east of Liang zhou.It is characterized by its green pines, cypresses, bamboo and willow.Besides, Music terrace and outdoor theater can be found here.What we are seeing now is the central oasis——Ling zhou.It borders Zhongshan mountain in the east, which gives it inviting views.There is a bird park in the oasis and it is the largest bird park in China.More than ten thousand rare birds are protected in this park.You can not only see a large number of beautiful and exotic birds but also watch bird performances in the park.You can even feed some birds in person.Now, it's your time!You can walk around the Xuanwu Lake freely and enjoy the scenery as you like.I hope you enjoy your time here!Two hours later, we'll meet at the gate of the park.By the way, please put an eye on your luggage and don't forget the time.Thank you!

第二篇：玄武湖导游词

各位游客：现在我们前去游览的是玄武湖公园，它位于南京城东北的玄武门外。公园占地472公顷，其中水面约368公顷，陆地104公顷，周长约 9.5公里，流域面积约14平方公里。是国家级钟山风景名胜区的重要组成部分，南京市最大的综合性文化娱乐公园。玄武湖三面环山，两面临城。东有紫金山，南有鸡笼山、覆舟山一脉相连，北有幕府山、观音山等作屏障，西、南耸立着雄伟壮丽的古城墙。湖水波光粼粼，湖中的环洲、梁洲、翠洲、菱洲、樱洲由堤桥相连，绿树掩映，垂柳婆娑。古人曾有“钱塘莫美于西湖，金陵莫美于后湖”的赞语，把南京玄武湖与杭州西湖相媲美。

【玄武湖的成因—玄武湖的名称来历】

玄武湖古时与长江相通，到六朝时，在湖的北侧筑了一条长堤，由于江流的不断冲击，随之与长江隔绝，形成独立的湖泊。今天玄武湖水仍靠引长江之水蓄贮。

玄武湖是燕山造山运动形成的构造湖，古名桑泊湖，后来因位于钟山之阴，就被称为“后湖”。东吴迁都建康后，在后湖南侧建有宫苑，并引后湖之水注入宫苑内，因湖在台城之北，所以称为“北湖”。历史上传说孙吴末年，丹阳县官宣赛的母亲，80高龄在后湖游水，突然化鼋而去，千年不死，所以人们又称后湖为“练湖”。至于玄武湖这一称谓始见于448年，传说在湖中出现黑龙，便改称为“玄武湖”。湖中有龙当然是不可能的，但有人推测二所谓黑龙可能是长江中的鳄鱼，因为那时的玄武湖仍与长江相连，鳄鱼便可乘江潮游人湖中，在夏天雷阵雨来临前，因天气闷热，钻出水面，被人们误认为黑龙。

【玄武湖的历史沿革】

东晋初年，玄武湖被用作封建帝王操练水师的地方，故称“习武湖”。六朝时，又演变为封建帝王的围猎、游乐场所。直到唐朝起，才成为游览区。李白、李商隐、李煜等许多诗人都有描写玄武湖的佳作。南唐灭亡后，李煜被宋太宗捉去，软禁在玄武湖的樱洲，在此期间李煜写下了一首千古绝唱的哀诗《虞美人》：“春花秋月何时了，往事知多少！小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。”以此寄托他对故国的无限怀念和深切哀愁。北宋神宗时，当朝宰相王安石被罢免回到江宁，在1075年写《湖田疏》上奏朝廷废湖为田，得到批准，从此玄武湖美景不复当日。元代时，重新疏浚玄武湖，使它焕发昔日美貌。但明朝初年，明太祖又把玄武湖作为禁地，在梁洲上建了“黄册库”，专门贮藏全国户籍、田亩统计册和各地的赋税档案。直到清代，玄武湖又重新开放。曾作为1910年南洋劝业会的游览地。辛亥革命后，更名为“五洲公园”。今天的玄武湖，经过国林工作者的梳理美化，旧貌换新颜，已初步形成了融山、水、城、林于一体的大型风景式园林，被誉为金陵明珠。

【玄武湖的主要景区：环洲—樱洲—梁洲—翠洲—菱洲】

玄武湖中分布着五块绿洲，形成五处风景区。最有特色和最负盛名的要数环洲和梁洲。从玄武门开始，一条形如玉环的陆地，从南北两面伸入湖中，就是环洲，旧名长洲，因它像一条翠绿的玉带环绕樱洲，故称环洲。旧时称“环洲烟柳”。湖的南端假山瀑布尽显江南园林美感，著名的石峰有“观音石”和“童子石”，为明代中山王徐达府中的遗物。假山北面的土山，名墩子山，或叫郭仙墩，为东晋郭璞衣冠冢。洲中有喇嘛庙和诺那塔。

与环洲以一座白桥相连的是樱洲，又名连萼洲，是四面环水的洲中洲。樱洲以遍植樱花而得名。春天，这里是赏樱胜地。繁花似锦，人称“樱洲花海”。

从环洲经芳桥，就是玄武湖五洲中开辟最早的梁洲，又名旧洲。梁洲团梁朝时梁武帝的儿子昭明太子萧统在此建读书台而得名。当年太子在此聚书近三万卷，博览群书，还常召集贤士谈论古今，撰写文章，选编了一部我国最早的诗文选集《昭明文选》，这为以后的文学发展与研究产生了积极的影响。据说后来昭明太子在湖上荡舟游玩时，不慎掉入水中，得病不治而死。人们为了纪念这位好学的太子，将他的读书台所在地称为梁洲。梁洲是五洲中风景最美的地方，洲中有湖神庙、铜钩井、赏荷亭、览胜楼、陶然亭等名胜古迹。梁洲一年一度的菊展，传统而壮观，故有“梁洲秋菊”的美称。

梁洲东是翠洲，旧名磷趾洲。洲上有音乐台、少年之家、万人露天剧场。翠洲风光幽静，长堤卧波，绿带练绕，别具一格。苍松、翠柏、嫩柳、淡竹，构成“翠洲云村”的特色。

【玄武湖公园的娱乐设施】

游客们：有人说，到南京不游玄武湖，就像去北京不看颐和园，到杭州不去西子湖一样令人遗憾。因为玄武湖既有清灵迷人的山水风光，又有丰富多彩的历史传奇，令人流连忘返。今天的玄武湖，它不仅成为南京最大的风景游览区之一，而且在工业区与居住区之间，形成一个很好的天然隔离净化带，在保护和改善城市环境方面，起着极为重要的作用。

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玄武湖之旅，当您欣赏了“环洲烟柳”、“樱洲花海”、“梁洲秋菊”、“翠洲云树”、“菱洲山岚”等各具特色的景观后，相信一定会让您感到不虚此行！

第三篇：玄武湖导游词

各位游客：现在我们前去游览的是玄武湖公园，它位于南京城东北的玄武门外。公园占地472公顷，其中水面约368公顷，陆地104公顷，周长约 9.5公里，流域面积约14平方公里。是国家级钟山风景名胜区的重要组成部分，南京市最大的综合性文化娱乐公园。玄武湖三面环山，两面临城。东有紫金山，南有鸡笼山、覆舟山一脉相连，北有幕府山、观音山等作屏障，西、南耸立着雄伟壮丽的古城墙。湖水波光粼粼，湖中的环洲、梁洲、翠洲、菱洲、樱洲由堤桥相连，绿树掩映，垂柳婆娑。古人曾有“钱塘莫美于西湖，金陵莫美于后湖”的赞语，把南京玄武湖与杭州西湖相媲美。

【玄武湖的成因—玄武湖的名称来历】

玄武湖古时与长江相通，到六朝时，在湖的北侧筑了一条长堤，由于江流的不断冲击，随之与长江隔绝，形成独立的湖泊。今天玄武湖水仍靠引长江之水蓄贮。

玄武湖是燕山造山运动形成的构造湖，古名桑泊湖，后来因位于钟山之阴，就被称为“后湖”。东吴迁都建康后，在后湖南侧建有宫苑，并引后湖之水注入宫苑内，因湖在台城之北，所以称为“北湖”。历史上传说孙吴末年，丹阳县官宣赛的母亲，80高龄在后湖游水，突然化鼋而去，千年不死，所以人们又称后湖为“练湖”。至于玄武湖这一称谓始见于448年，传说在湖中出现黑龙，便改称为“玄武湖”。湖中有龙当然是不可能的，但有人推测二所谓黑龙可能是长江中的鳄鱼，因为那时的玄武湖仍与长江相连，鳄鱼便可乘江潮游人湖中，在夏天雷阵雨来临前，因天气闷热，钻出水面，被人们误认为黑龙。

【玄武湖的历史沿革】

东晋初年，玄武湖被用作封建帝王操练水师的地方，故称“习武湖”。六朝时，又演变为封建帝王的围猎、游乐场所。直到唐朝起，才成为游览区。李白、李商隐、李煜等许多诗人都有描写玄武湖的佳作。南唐灭亡后，李煜被宋太宗捉去，软禁在玄武湖的樱洲，在此期间李煜写下了一首千古绝唱的哀诗《虞美人》：“春花秋月何时了，往事知多少！小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。”以此寄托他对故国的无限怀念和深切哀愁。北宋神宗时，当朝宰相王安石被罢免回到江宁，在1075年写《湖田疏》上奏朝廷废湖为田，得到批准，从此玄武湖美景不复当日。元代时，重新疏浚玄武湖，使它焕发昔日美貌。但明朝初年，明太祖又把玄武湖作为禁地，在梁洲上建了“黄册库”，专门贮藏全国户籍、田亩统计册和各地的赋税档案。直到清代，玄武湖又重新开放。曾作为1910年南洋劝业会的游览地。辛亥革命后，更名为“五洲公园”。今天的玄武湖，经过国林工作者的梳理美化，旧貌换新颜，已初步形成了融山、水、城、林于一体的大型风景式园林，被誉为金陵明珠。

【玄武湖的主要景区：环洲—樱洲—梁洲—翠洲—菱洲】

玄武湖中分布着五块绿洲，形成五处风景区。最有特色和最负盛名的要数环洲和梁洲。从玄武门开始，一条形如玉环的陆地，从南北两面伸入湖中，就是环洲，旧名长洲，因它像一条翠绿的玉带环绕樱洲，故称环洲。旧时称“环洲烟柳”。湖的南端假山瀑布尽显江南园林美感，著名的石峰有“观音石”和“童子石”，为明代中山王徐达府中的遗物。假山北面的土山，名墩子山，或叫郭仙墩，为东晋郭璞衣冠冢。洲中有喇嘛庙和诺那塔。

与环洲以一座白桥相连的是樱洲，又名连萼洲，是四面环水的洲中洲。樱洲以遍植樱花而得名。春天，这里是赏樱胜地。繁花似锦，人称“樱洲花海”。

从环洲经芳桥，就是玄武湖五洲中开辟最早的梁洲，又名旧洲。梁洲团梁朝时梁武帝的儿子昭明太子萧统在此建读书台而得名。当年太子在此聚书近三万卷，博览群书，还常召集贤士谈论古今，撰写文章，选编了一部我国最早的诗文选集《昭明文选》，这为以后的文学发展与研究产生了积极的影响。据说后来昭明太子在湖上荡舟游玩时，不慎掉入水中，得病不治而死。人们为了纪念这位好学的太子，将他的读书台所在地称为梁洲。梁洲是五洲中风景最美的地方，洲中有湖神庙、铜钩井、赏荷亭、览胜楼、陶然亭等名胜古迹。梁洲一年一度的菊展，传统而壮观，故有“梁洲秋菊”的美称。

梁洲东是翠洲，旧名磷趾洲。洲上有音乐台、少年之家、万人露天剧场。翠洲风光幽静，长堤卧波，绿带练绕，别具一格。苍松、翠柏、嫩柳、淡竹，构成“翠洲云村”的特色。

玄武湖最中心的一个洲是菱洲，洲东濒钟山，有“千云非一状”的钟云山霞，自古就有“菱洲山岚”的美名。洲上有动物园，饲养各种珍禽异兽150种，2500多头（只）。

【玄武湖公园的娱乐设施】

玄武湖五洲之间，桥堤相通，风光各异。此外，1994年兴建的坐落于玄武门至解放门段的高尔夫俱乐部，包括18洞迷你型高尔夫球场、水上发球场、标准型网球场，以及一座造型新颖独特，兼有餐饮、娱乐、高级商务洽谈的高尔夫会馆，为玄武湖又添一景。位于原万人游泳池的水上乐园，占地200亩，可同时容纳万人以上，由滑道群、飘流河、儿童戏水池、水景广场、造波池、感人泳池、临水高空观览车等部分组成，是人们休闲、纳凉、娱乐、游览的好去处。

玄武湖公园水、陆、空交通独具特色。水面上有快艇、自娱艇、豪华渡轮、水上火车等；陆地上有法国式小火车，车型独特，色彩鲜艳，最高时速16公里，并适合各种道路行驶，乘坐舒适，视野开阔；空中有环湖观光列车，无污染、无噪音，运载能力达每趟60人，车速为每小时12公里，线路从玄武门至解放门，全长3249米。置身其中，给人以全新鸟瞰的角度审视玄武湖的娃力。

游客们：有人说，到南京不游玄武湖，就像去北京不看颐和园，到杭州不去西子湖一样令人遗憾。因为玄武湖既有清灵迷人的山水风光，又有丰富多彩的历史传奇，令人流连忘返。今天的玄武湖，它不仅成为南京最大的风景游览区之一，而且在工业区与居住区之间，形成一个很好的天然隔离净化带，在保护和改善城市环境方面，起着极为重要的作用。

玄武湖之旅，当您欣赏了“环洲烟柳”、“樱洲花海”、“梁洲秋菊”、“翠洲云树”、“菱洲山岚”等各具特色的景观后，相信一定会让您感到不虚此行！

第四篇：玄武湖导游词

玄武湖导游词

游客朋友们，大家好，我是xxx，今天我将与您一同开启在玄武湖上的一段时光之旅。

您看，湖岸边婀娜的柳枝摇曳生姿，湖边的玄武门古朴大方，两侧依偎着的是六百多年的明城墙，古老的城墙后方，那高高矗立的便是南京城的地标——紫峰大厦。它年轻、帅气，风姿挺拔，俯瞰着古都金陵每天的变化。每每来到这里，我都想起那首歌：时间都去哪儿了，我想好好感受你美丽变化。

湖水静静的流动，就像时光在悄悄流逝，南京的历史在这里被定格成一幅幅的画面。

两千多年前，这里还叫桑泊，芦苇丛生、一片苍茫。三国年间，孙权定都建业，称其为“后湖”，并在此操练水军，“五百楼船十万兵、登高阅武阵云生”，一派雄浑壮观的场景。历经六朝皇家园林的气派、宋朝泄湖得田的磨砺，元代清淤复建的历程，到了大明王朝，这里成为国家档案珍藏的黄册禁地，一度与世隔绝，成为禁区。直到1910年，两江总督端方、张人骏开辟了今天的玄武门，玄武湖才逐渐对世人揭开了那神秘的面纱。

我们右前方高高矗立的佛塔，便是六朝名刹——鸡鸣寺所在。它是南京最古老的梵刹之一，古名同泰寺，杜牧诗中的“南朝四百八十寺”，唯有此处一直盛名远扬，菩萨皇帝梁武帝就曾经四度舍身于此，可见其在佛教界的影响力。此刻您正在湖上遥望古寺佛塔，一会儿您不妨亲自登上鸡笼山，在豁蒙楼里，品上一壶茶，悠闲的再赏这山色湖光。

前方那处斑驳古城就是韦庄笔下“无情最是台城柳，依旧烟笼十里堤”的台城。作为六朝首都禁城的一部分，台城从三国东吴的后苑城、东晋成帝时的宫城到南朝四代的皇城，集百年繁华、历代兴盛于一身。但历史的无常总是令人扼腕唏嘘，台城屡遭破坏，我们现在看到的只是朱元璋建城时留下的一段废弃的城墙。

今天的玄武湖上环洲、樱洲、菱洲、梁洲和翠洲五洲拥翠，堤桥相连;湖堤烟柳如霜，迎风摇曳。您也许会感慨，这几千年的时间都去哪儿了?怎么玄武湖，竟然没有留下一丝岁月的沧桑。

您请看，我们左前方如苍龙盘踞的一黛青山就是紫金山，它默默守护着南京城。而玄武湖就像南京城的妈妈一样，包容着孩子的任性与倔强，我以为，今天的南京城，没有哪一处景点能像玄武湖一样，把这个城市的历史如此完整的凝聚收藏。您看，一侧是相伴一生的紫金山，一侧是六百多年的明城墙，东晋的十里堤、六朝的鸡鸣塔、还有城墙后方那一幢幢现代的高楼不断的生长，他们依偎在湖水的身旁，就像孩子陪伴着母亲，这一幅画面，像不像一张南京城的全家福?时间都去哪儿了?还没好好感受船就靠岸了。相聚的时光总是那么的短暂，亲爱的朋友们，小杜期待着与您再次相遇在美丽的玄武湖上。

第五篇：南京中山陵英文导游词

南京中山陵英文导游词

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!