第一篇：高中英语教学论文 高考英语作文的考前冲刺训练
高考英语作文的考前冲刺训练
[摘要]本文分析高三学生高考前的英语学习状况和英语作文存在的问题，重点论述教师指导考生备战高考英语的教学策略。通过背记英语范文、限时训练、教师面批的方法，有效地提高考生高考英语作文的卷面分数和写作水平。
[关键词]背诵范文、限时训练、教师面批、学生写作能力的提高
一、调整学生考前的训练策略 新课标指出，英语教学的总体目标是培养学生的语言综合运用能力。写作是语言表达的最高形式，提高写作能力是语言教学追求的最高目标和境界。然而，在听、说、读、写四大技能中，写作一直是最容易被忽略的环节。在高考英语备考中，学生普遍存在这样一个误区：大部分学生的英语学习时间多花在语法单项选择题。因为单选题是客观题，只有唯一的答案，做对了有成功感。做错了费时不多，请教老师或同学，很容易得到满意的答复。但客观题注重考查考生的某个知识点在真实语境中的具体运用，尤其是语法知识点，讲究答案的唯一性，比较机械，无法体会语言的活的灵魂。再讲，高考单选题的分值占全卷的15%，而书面表达却占25%。因此，考生考前的复习一定要调整学习策略，备战好英语书面表达，使该题目完全可能成为学生全卷分数的一个增值点。
二、分析学生习作存在的问题，探索写作前的引导过程
高三毕业班的学生经过第一第二轮的语法专项和综合训练，学生积累了一定量的英语词汇，按理英语写作应该不成问题。然而，教师遇到的现象是‘听到写作学生畏难，改到作文教师犯难。”主要原因是学生的英语习作病句多，汉语式表达，表达不到位，复合句使用不当，个别学生依赖或借助电子辞典，文章全篇使用不常见、不通俗、修辞手法不妥的生词或词组，结尾段不够精悍和达意。结果学生的卷面分值只能大打节扣。因此，指导学生开篇布局十分重要。方法如下：（1）.依据不同的文章体裁，启发提问学生应该采用何种主要时态。例如2005年广东高考作文看图写画，介绍中国经典成语故事守株待兔，其主要的时态是一般过去时。（2）.引导提问学生采用何种人称。例如写日记务必用第一人称。（3）.启发提问学生写作中应该使用哪些关键词、词组、复合句，筛选出学生认为合理的较喜欢的承上启下的词语，例如因果类：because, thanks to,时序类：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, 递进类：what’s more, to make the matters worse,并列类：and, as well as, 强调类：especially, 总结类：in short, in a word。该部分的词语，老师编写印发给学生背诵备用。（4）.无论什么体裁的文章，尽量做到分段作文。以写三段文为好。文章的开首句要开门见山，层次分明，说理清楚。文章的结尾段要求考生会写出个人的观点和感悟。
三、强化背诵和听写范文，提高书面语的表达能力。背诵英语范文能培养学生的语感，以形成对英语正确表达方式的认同感，对写作形成潜意识是有益的。中国人常讲：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”学习范文的益处可以帮助考生学习文中的用词造句，布局谋篇。为了不占用学生课余太多的时间，教师可以利用早读，每次30分钟。教师预先选印好各种体裁的文章印发给学生。每次早读课，先由教师点拨范文中的难词难句，妙词妙句，亮点和采分点。例如：范文中的中文句子“由于鱼不知饥饱，致使好多鱼因过度进食而死亡。”英文范文译它为“Some of the fish have been killed because they have no sense of being full.”句中“have no sense of”就是亮点和采分点。再如，有篇看图文章要求学生描写市民怎样清除街招，护花，修路等来美化城市。范文用这段话：Our citizens picked up waste paper，took off unsightly posters and weeded the garden.Some workers were busy fixing streetlamps，mending roads，pruning bushes and painting fences aside.句中unsightly posters，prune bushes，weed the garden。均是课外知识，语言是“约定俗成” 1 的。我们写作就需要“入乡随俗”，多积累语言材料，做到厚积而薄发。再如，议论文的结尾，最好能呈现作者的观点和建议。例如，写反对浪费的文章，结尾可用这么一句：“In my opinion，we should call on more and more people to fight against waste.Only through these measures can we reduce waste.一个倒装句足以令评卷老师眼前一亮而留下良好的印象，点评完毕，教师组织全班学生大声地朗读文章，然后各自背诵文章的范文。背诵强化了正确的语言文字的输入，对学生高考写出规范的英语很有效。最后教师给学生听写范文，这一符合认知规律的教学活动环节，帮助学生把已存在脑海里的东西有机地取出，适当地调整，为我所用，使学生有话可说，有东西可写。
四、限时训练，全收全改，点评鼓励。
越临近高考，教师越注意每周一次的堂上作文练习，增加学生的实践经验。教师让学生在规定的20～25分钟内模拟写一篇120～150字间的高考英语作文。这样做的好处是，学生在写作中体会诸如句式结构，词语搭配，提醒学生多留意谓语动词的构成形式。包括其使用的时态，语态，语气等。另外，误用关系代词和成份欠缺也是学生在写作中易犯的一个通病，需时时提防。学生只有通过堂上限时训练，应用范文例句，学会使用过渡词，连接词或其他一些衔接成份，注意首尾呼应，才能用好语言，真正提高英语写作水平。
学生作文完毕，教师要全收全改，改完要给学生一个明确的指示。诸如，文章时态用得对不对，那一句好，那一句欠什么，正确的应怎样表达，鼓励学生尽可能多地运用复杂的语法结构和词汇知识。如：非谓语动词形式，感叹句，介词短语，动词短语，以降低文章的枯燥乏味，增强文章的采分点。文章拥有灵活多样的表达手法，已成为高分作文的一道看点和亮点。最后，教师给每个考生写一两句鼓励的话，以便使师生距离拉近，师生并肩作战。这一做法往往收到非常好的效果，使学生由厌写变得爱写，渴望成功。
综上所述，教师应按照新课程标准的要求，坚持有目的、有计划、有步骤地对学生进行系统的写作训练，让学生进行多种形式和多方面的书面表达练习，以达到学生真正地掌握书面表达的技巧，能用英语表达思想的目的。
经过我的指导教学，学生的写作能力在最后的冲刺阶段明显地呈现出来，许多同学份份刷新，一次次地打破自己原有的记录。我通过探索实践，获得丰富和宝贵的教学经验，我感激我自己的努力，我感恩我的学生给予我欢欣的汇报！
第二篇：2015年高考语文考前冲刺专题训练
2014年高考语文考前冲刺专题训练（3）
成 语
1.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是
A.荆山之巅的大禹雕像头戴栉风沐雨的斗笠，手握开山挖河的神锸，脚踏兴风作浪的蛟龙，再现了他与洪水搏斗的雄姿。
B.京剧大师梅兰芳先生不仅在舞台上风姿绰约，在日常生活中也气度不凡，无论何时何地，他总能让人为之倾倒。
C.最后几年，由于市场竞争加剧，小家电生产企业加速整合，目前只剩下五六家分庭抗礼，占据了全省60%的市场份额。
D.家庭条件的优越和父母的溺爱，养成了他傲慢狂妄的个性，不管对谁都侧目而视，一副天不怕地不怕的小霸王样子。
2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是
A.他性格比较内向，平时沉默寡言，但是一到课堂上就变得振振有词，滔滔不绝，所以他的课很受学生欢迎。
B.泰山几千年来都是文人墨客们向往的圣地，在浩如烟海的中华典籍中，留下了众多颂扬泰山的诗词文章。
C.经理语重心长的一席话，如电光火石，让小余心头淤积的阴霾顿时消散，再次燃气争创销售佳绩的激情。
D.迅速崛起的快递行业，经过几年的激烈竞争，大部分企业都已经转行或倒闭了，市场上只剩他们几家平分秋色。
3.在下列句子的空缺处依次填入成语，最恰当的一组是
（1）读者欣赏作品清新的故事，却忽略了蕴藏的热情，欣赏文字的朴实，却忽略了作品隐伏的悲痛，实际上近于_______。
（2）中国古代文化是一座巍峨的高峰，不管我们在儒.释.道哪一条路上行走，________，最终都必然会在山顶上相逢。
（3）多年前，集团首席执行官就感觉自己_______，在集团迅猛发展.国际市场不断拓展的今天，他的危机感丝毫未减。
A.南辕北辙 异曲同工 如临深渊 B.买椟还珠 殊途同归 如履薄冰 C.南辕北辙 殊途同归 如履薄冰 D.买椟还珠 异曲同工 如临深渊 4.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是
A.随着全社会对宏观经济增长目标的深入解读，“幸福感”“幸福指数”毋庸置疑地成为民生改善和文化发展进程中的重要话题，受到公众的普遍关注。
B.《舌尖上的中国》是国内首次使用高清设备拍摄的美食类纪录片，片中由近距离拍摄呈现出的各类食材的纹理构造，带给观众焕然一新的审美感受。
C.如今，视觉文化方兴未艾，在这图像和文本相互转换.相互模仿.共同存在的现实善下，图文关系正在成为中外学者共同关注的跨学科研究热点。
D.完善各级各类学校的心理健康工作者队伍建设，实施有针对性的心理健康教育，可以亡羊补牢，使学生的常见心理问题在萌芽状态及时得到解决。5.下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）
A.初春，乍暖还寒，春寒料峭，身着冬装的他，漫步在广阔的田野中，仍觉得不寒而栗。B.一个国家希望依靠自身实力优势一劳永逸地解决安全问题是不现实的。C.现在，他们不必再冒着风险在船艇穿梭的河中叫卖，航道也更加井然有序了。
D.每次改校门都兴师动众，甚至举行剪彩仪式，连周围的老百姓都戏称：“一任新校长一个新校门。”
6.下列句子中加点成语不正确的一项是（）
A.加入WTO预示着中国融入世界经济一体化的进程将全面提速，中国的市场经济整体机制将面临巨大的考验，甚至是巨大的冲击。首当其冲的必然是人力资源的共享及其面临的考验。B.作为国内最早警示重化工业化道路诸多弊病的经济学家，全国政协常委吴敬琏昨日在接受采访时表示，政府如不釜底抽薪解决之前行政手段对市场造成的扭曲，五年完成节能减排目标，形势“不太乐观”。
C.那卖衣服的姑娘说话了：“妹妹，这件衣服你穿着真是特漂亮，就数你穿着最是样儿！”他一边心里赞美卖衣姑娘巧舌如簧，却又一边赶紧准备再做女儿的工作。
D.“回顾一年来新股的市场表现，应该说是喜忧参半，喜的是在总体市场表现中，新股二级市场的表现仍旧可圈可点，是在弱势行情中不多的亮点之一，忧的是市场低风险套利的品种越来越少。
7.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）
A.虽然新版《西游记》演员阵容的消息还未得到官方的确认，但聂远出演唐僧的消息甚嚣尘上，似乎最为可靠。
B.经过我国航天科学家旷日持久的科研攻关，负载着国人千年梦想的“嫦娥一号”踏上了三十八公里奔月的漫长之旅。
C.细菌的生命力及其顽强，无论是赤道还是南极.北极都可以发现它们的身影，它们活动范围之广真可谓无所不至。
D.在市农科院的认真指导下，这个贫瘠的山村终于走上了科学种田的穷家富路。8.下列加点成语使用恰当的一项是（）
A.青春版秦腔《杨门女将》减少了旧本中拖沓冗长的回放交代，以几分钟的舞台呈现，对全剧情节做了有力铺垫，收到了以一当十的艺术效果。
B.他的文化基础差，加上急于求成，等到考试成绩出来，果然就出现了阴沟翻船的情况，他叫苦不迭。
C.在希腊古奥林匹克遗址，最高女祭司娜芙普利都点燃了奥运圣火，她神情庄重颐指气使地将火炬传递给了第一火炬手亚历山大。
D.这部电视剧虽然遭到了一些人的尖锐批评和指责，但是批评者认为，作者的创作动机是无可厚非的。
9.下列各句中加点的熟语使用恰当的一句是（）
A.先生虽辞世多年了，但他那些富含哲理的话语，一直如晨钟暮鼓，时时警醒着我。B.整改不光是说在口头上，更要落实到行动上，相信到下一次群众评议的时候，大家对机关作风的变化一定都会有口皆碑。
C.这幅画虽然构思新奇，但是色调太暗，我的态度是不赞一词。
D.对曾经纵横中国五百年的晋商，我们今天只能透过那些纸醉金迷的晋商大院来遥想他们当年踏漠北.下南洋的辉煌。
10.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（）
A.有的高中学生写作文总是喜欢装出一副老气横秋的姿态，动辄用大话套话官话吓唬人，这种文风必须改变。
B.9月8日，平顶山特大矿难发生后，一些死难矿工家属面对记者表达了自己的黍离之悲和对一些煤矿领导的愤慨。
C.在13届罗马世界游泳锦标赛上，张琳在男子800米自由泳决赛中夺得中国男游历史上第一个男子世界冠军，当人们问他有何感想时，他竟然出言无状，脸憋得通红，只是说：“感谢我的教练，感谢所有支持帮助过我的人。”
D.进入8月，沪指连续四周下跌，很多被套股民备受煎熬，想尽快弥补巨额亏损，因此一度消失的非法“代客理财”又东山再起。
11.下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是()A.为做好农村危房改造工作，提高预算执行效率，中央财政从长计议，近日提前下达2013年中央农村危房改造补助预算指标150亿元。
B.斯坦利在家私销售中业绩斐然，是因为他别树一帜，以追求自我生活态度的品牌主旨——“开始你的梦想”引领了寝居新风尚。
C.法国思想卢梭视人格的独立自由为生命，他宁肯过贫穷的日子，也决不愿被权贵招安，这与中国古代许多知识分子的追求如出一辙。
D.面对“义而致富，仁而致富”，如果颜渊.原宪依然选择栖于陋巷中，箪食瓢饮，安贫乐道，那就应该没有什么值得称道的地方了。
12.下列句子中，加点的成语使用不正确的一项是()A.在西安嘉天国际公寓爆炸事件后，很多小煤气站依然不按照操作规章工作，干着厝火积薪之事，实在令人担忧。
B.中学生处在人生观形成的重要阶段，给他们创造良好的学习.生活环境刻不容缓，全社会都不可忽视迁兰变鲍的作用。
C.部分网络文学对中学生的作文产生了冲击，学生常不自觉地模仿，写些内容空泛.文体模糊的“异文”，令人不忍卒读。
D.虽然在采访钱学森先生之前经过一番思考，但一开头我们提出的问题还真有点大而无当，那就是请他谈谈如何加快发展科学技术的问题。13.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是()A.在第十一届全运会上，刘翔复出，并在决赛中以13秒34的成绩成功卫冕，整个全运村人声鼎沸，人言啧啧，“翔飞人”再次受到观众和媒体的热捧。
B.《诗经》对我们而言还是一个谜，它有着太多的秘密尚未被揭开；可是它实在太美了，我们研究它，虽殚精竭虑，却仍对它恋恋不舍。
C.漂亮而有个性的新车型越来越多，这对消费者来说无疑是一件大好事，他们有了更多的选择余地，正好可以择善而从。
D.2009年10月16日，第十届西博会在成都召开，这次博览会聚集了各地各种各样的新产品，真可谓浩如烟海，应有尽有。
14.下列各组加点的熟语，使用不正确的一项是（）
A.“唐装热”迅速流行，激活了江南丝绸服装产业，使不少企业逢凶化吉，出现了少有的勃勃生机。
B.有些人虽想靠“题海战术”来提高学习成绩，这有点像沙里淘金，是得不偿失的。C.那时他虽已被撤职罢官，但是“身在江湖，心驰魏阙”，仍心关心国家大事，关注政局的变化。
D.如果政府的官员对普通民众的疾苦视而不见，听而不闻，那么这样的官员要他何用？ 15.下列各句中加点成语运用正确的一项（）
A.“人类基因组计划完成之日，就是人类自己所亡之时”虽然太极端，但绝不是骇人听闻，人类至今安全的原因之一，就是它的奥秘还不为人所知。
B.作为文物，它们都被认为毫无价值；作为废铁，它们论吨计价：作为景观，经们往往与现代普通人的审美期望相去甚远，大多不堪入目。
C.高松年直跳起来，假惊异的表情做得栩栩如生，比方鸿渐的真惊惶自然得多；他没演话剧，是话剧的不幸而是演员们的大幸。
D.在庆功会上，两位队员举案齐眉，互相敬酒，祝贺对方在这次全运会上获得金牌。16.下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是
A.土耳其举重选手穆特鲁身高只有1.50米，多次参加世界男子举重56公斤级比赛，拿金牌如探囊取物，人送绰号“举重神童”。
B.冬天老年人要增加营养，也要适当运动，在户外锻炼时一定要量入为出，以步行为宜，时间最好选在傍晚，还要注意保暖，防止着凉。
C.中国茶艺与日本茶道各有特点，但异曲同工，都强调“和”的精神。中日两国青少年也应以和为贵。为中日睦邻友好多作贡献。
D.北京周边的旅游胜地，笔者去过不少。但六月中下旬的绿树繁花中仍有冰挂高悬在危崖上，这一出人意表的奇景却是第一次见到。17.下面各句中加点的词语，使用恰当的一句是
A.不久前，中国银监会主席刘明康公开呼吁干涉市场。刘明康是中国金融业监管层第一个表态呼吁“救市”的高官，因此吹响了政府“救市”的“集结号”。
B.最令人错愕和震惊的是，和正常的反映相反，西方政府和民间社会组织竭力迎合“藏独”分子的行为。
C.漫长的许霆案已经落下帷幕，但是对许霆案的社会意义窥一斑而知全豹；有人借此看见人性中德性的薄弱，有人欢呼公众舆论的强大，还有人试图用它来惊醒法律的疲惫。D.当下，整个神州大地正在掀起一股公祭大潮，炎帝.黄帝.大禹.孔子.老子……纷纷被抬出来供顶礼膜拜。老祖宗们不再是躺在博物馆里睡大觉的老古董，而是成了人们争相抢夺的香饽饽。
成语答案
1.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查正确使用词语（包括熟语）的能力，能力层级为E级。栉风沐雨：形容人经常在外面不顾风雨地辛苦奔波。显然与句意不符，同时这个词语不能作定语。风姿绰约：形容女子风韵姿态柔美动人。这里形容梅兰芳是可以的，因为她扮演的是旦角。分庭抗礼：原指宾主相见，分站在庭的两边，相对行礼。现比喻平起平坐，彼此对等的关系。与语境不符。侧目而视：斜着眼睛看人。形容憎恨或又怕又愤恨。句意是说其傲慢，显然不当。2.B（振振有词：理直气壮的样子。形容自以为理由很充分，说个不休，强词夺理，贬义词，并不表示理由充分。语义环境不当。浩如烟海：浩：广大；烟海：茫茫大海。形容典籍.图书等极为丰富。电光火石：是指，闪电的光，燧石的火。原为佛家语，比喻事物瞬息即逝。现多形容事物象闪电和石火一样一瞬间就消逝。亦用作比喻行动迅速，出手先制。这里犯了望文生义的错误。平分秋色：秋色，秋天景色。比喻双方各得一半，不分高低，表示平局。这里不止两家，故错。）3.B 4.【答案】A 【解析】毋庸置疑：毋庸，不必。事实明显或理由充分，不必怀疑，根本就没有怀疑的余地。焕然一新：焕然，鲜明光亮的样子，改变旧面貌，出现崭新的气象，用“耳目一新”更恰当。方兴未艾：事物正在发展，还没有停止，多形容新事物正在蓬勃发展。视觉艺术不是新生事物，可用“如火如荼”。亡羊补牢：羊因为羊圈的空缺被狼掉走了，再去修补羊圈，还不算晚。比喻除了问题以后想办法补救，可用防止继续受损失。可用“未雨绸缪”。
5.A 解析：A项“不寒而栗”，指不是由于冷而发抖，而是形容非常害怕。此句望文生义。6.答案：C。巧舌如簧：舌头灵巧，象簧片一样能发出动听的乐音。形容花言巧语，能说会道。首当其冲，最先受到灾难和冲击。釜底抽薪，比喻从根本上解决问题。可圈可点。原指文章中有精妙的句子,有值得欣赏.值得赞美的意思。现使用范围扩大，常用于文艺体育类的新闻报道，又进而扩大到其他领域，形容或称赞一切出色.精彩.值得称道的事物。7.C【甚嚣尘上】原指形容对传闻之事议论纷纷。现多指某种言论十分嚣张（含贬义）。
【旷日持久】多费时日，拖得很久。
【无所不至】①没有达不到的地方：细菌的活动范围极广，～。②指凡能做的都做到了（用于坏事）：威胁利诱，～
摧残镇压，～。【穷家富路】指居家可以俭省些，而外出最好多带些钱物，以备不时之需。8.D。A.以一当十：一个人抵挡十个人，形容勇敢善战，以少胜多。B.阴沟翻船：阴沟，暗沟，暗沟里翻船，指事情出现意外，这里不是意外。C.颐指气使：颐，颊，腮；不说话而用面部表情或口鼻出气发声来示意，指有权势的人随意支使人的傲慢神气。D 无可厚非：厚，重，过分；非，责难。不能过分责备，表示虽有缺点，但是可以原谅。
9.A【A.晨钟暮鼓：比喻可以使人警觉醒悟的话。B.有口皆碑：比喻人人称赞。C不赞一词：原指文章写得很好，别人不能再添一句话；现也指一言不发。D.纸醉金迷：形容叫人沉迷的奢侈豪华的环境。】
10.A（“老气横秋”可形容人摆老资格，自以为了不起的样子，用在A句中是恰当的。B黍离之悲：表示家国残破之痛。用错对象。C出言无状：说话超越本人的身份.地位，放肆，没有礼貌。句中误作为遇事紧张，不会说话。不合语境。D.东山再起，泛指失势后重新得势。此处应为贬义词“死灰复燃”。）
11.A（A.从长计议：慢慢地多加商量。指慎重考虑而不急于作出决定。不合语境。B.别树一帜：形容与众不同，另成一家。C.如出一辙：形容两件事情非常相像。D.箪食瓢饮：形容读书人安于贫穷的清高生活。）
12.C（不忍卒读：不忍心读完，形容文章的“悲”。不可用于形容文章写得不好，和“不堪卒读”区别；A厝火积薪：把火放到柴堆下面，比喻潜伏着很多的危险；B迁兰变鲍：比喻环境对人的潜移默化； D大而无当：多用来表示大而不切实际的意思）
13.B（A.人言啧啧：人们不满地议论纷纷。用在赞扬不当。B.殚精竭虑：殚，竭尽；虑，思虑。形容用尽心思。C.择善而从：从，追随，引伸为学习。指选择好的学，按照好的做。D.浩如烟海：浩，广大；烟海，茫茫大海。形容典籍.图书等极为丰富。）
14.A(A逢凶化吉: 逢：遭遇；凶：不幸；吉：吉利.吉祥。遇到凶险转化为吉祥.顺利。这是带有迷信的说法。B沙里淘金：淘：用水冲洗，滤除杂质。从沙里淘出黄金。比喻好东西不易得。也比喻做事费力大而收效少。也比喻从大量的材料里选择精华。C身在江湖，心悬魏阙：魏阙：古代宫门外高大的建筑，用作朝廷的代称。旧指解除官职的人，仍惦记着进朝廷的事。后常用以讽刺迷恋功名宝贵的假隐士。)15.B（A中应为“耸人听闻”C 中应为“惟妙惟肖，D中“举案齐眉”只用夫妻之间）
16.【参考答案】B【解析】B项中成语“量入为出”使用不恰当，犯了望文生义的错误。“量入为出”这个成语的意思是“根据收入的多少来定开支的限度”，“入”和“出”是指“收入”和“支出”，不是“在家”和“出门”。其他几项成语使用都是恰当的，A项“探囊取物”意思是“伸手到口袋里拿东西。比喻能够轻而易举地办成某件事情”，C项“异曲同工”的意思是“不同的曲调演得同样好。比喻话的说法不一而用意相同，或一件事情的做法不同而都巧妙地达到目的”，D项“出人意表”意思是“出乎人们意料之外”。
17.【解析】A中分句间不表因果关系，此处应为“从而”，B应为“反应”。C窥一斑而知全豹：比喻看到的只是一部分；或比喻可以从观察的部分推测到全貌。D香饽饽：非常热门.很受欢迎的人或事物。【答案】D
第三篇：高中英语教学论文 高考英语专题讲座-阅读理解
专题讲座 阅读理解
不少同学反映:“老师，做阅读理解题时，我对文章的语句完全能看懂，可是选答案时却总出错，您讲一讲阅读技巧吧!”有些老师在读过一篇文章后发现自己的判断与答案有出入时，也深感技巧方面出了故障，经过归纳，大体有如下说法：要学会抓主旨大意；能够略去不必要的信息；会掠读、跳读、不必回读；能够根据题干及作者的意图在文章中快速搜寻有关信息„„
上述表述，应当说没有错误，但学生们实践后往往收效甚微。为什么?因为这些方法没有抓住中学生英语学习的现实和实质。目前中学生的词汇学习量不足2000词（初中1200、高中750），学生真正掌握并能运用的词汇量则更少。教学大纲规定阅读量至多20万词，然而目前高考英语试卷的词汇要求为3000～3500词左右（含派生、转化及合成）。以不足2000词的词汇量去读3500词为底线的文章，肯定读不深吃不透，在此基础上用什么技巧和思路也只能是一个字----“猜”。自然无准确性可言了。
作为一名英语学习者，要想突破阅读关，在高考中拿高分，要解决“三量”，即词汇量----3500词；阅读量----35万词，也即1000篇300余词的短文；阅读质量----能本着信达雅的原则用中文说出文意。
1．词汇量
词汇量的3500词包括常见词及词组和日常会话中的单词、词组，最常见的涉及文化、科普、政治、经济，甚至军事的词。同时还要会认、会用派生，包括前缀和后缀。比如近年高考中就出现过的inexpensive，unthinkable，computerize。要真正做到会认、会用，就必须多读文章，细读文章，在大量认读中逐步加深前后缀的印象，逐步积累生词。平日学习新词时，要善于运用不同方法加强记忆，扩大词汇量。比如可以采用摘葡萄法、归纳法、联想法等。摘葡萄法就是把相互联系的词串到一起，比如当我们学习shoulder时，应联想到arm，elbow，wrist，fist，hand，palm，finger，thumb，index，finger，middle，finger，ring，finger，little，finger，甚至foe。归纳法则可把那些形相近意相远的词联系到一起，如medal，model，metal，mental； violet紫罗兰，violent，violate凶暴。联想法是指在学习过程中发现一个词联想到与它相关的词，比如当我们见到physical labor时，可联想到“脑力劳动”，从而查找到mental labor。具体可参见以前发过的词汇扩展
2．阅读量
阅读量是指300余词的短文，至少要读1000篇。考虑到高三现状，读小说有一定困难，读短文是个好办法。一方面可选取阅读理解书目上的文章，另一方面可读21世纪报及21世纪报中学生版上的文章。因为这些文章篇幅不长，紧密联系生活实际，涵盖社会现实和天下大事，可读性很强。到高三的第二学期才动手，也不算晚，那必须把阅读量加大到每天五篇，这样才能见成效。
3．阅读质量
阅读质量含五步。第一步读文章做理解题。第二步是出声朗读其中的一段，而且必须注意语音、语调、重读、弱读、连读、失去爆破和清辅音浊化。目前中学生上高中后发声朗读训练的机会越来越少，从上边七项要求自己的机会则几乎没有，高考中的听力自然得分不高。因为听力中的对话与朗读是依照前边提到的七大要点录制的。第三步是用笔划一划你认为应当记住的词、词组、短语，较好的句子。认真划，划得
用心
爱心
专心
越多则说明读者的心越细，随着时间的推移，若划的越来越少了，说明水平也提高了。第四步是注意一下边边角角的知识，因为它有助于你对文章的理解，有助于短文写作中的应用。比如2001年高考E篇文章的第七段中有Even when a man is said to be a best friend，the two share little about their innermost feelings． Where as a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage．根据句意我们知道，where as=however，或but，这种关联词在文章中常常起到承上启下的作用。高中毕业生在高考的短文写作中常出现这样一种情况，单看每个句子不存在问题，但就是上下连贯不到一起。这其中的重要毛病是不会使用像where as这样的词及相关短语。而这些技能的养成不是靠教师课堂上讲的，也不是靠日常口头说才会的，主要依靠平日阅读中细心理解，出声朗读，写作中使用。第五步在前面已谈到，读过一篇文章后若能用中文讲明白，说明你懂了，若讲不明白，则说明质量没过关。以2000年E篇的第一段为例，Excused from recycling（回收利用）because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute（垃圾道）? You won’t be for long!两句中注出两处中文，有一处课本中学过。由于考生不知句意，结果在这两句基础上的第68题的正答率出奇得低，高分段同学的错误率比低分段的同学还高。这说明了认识的词并不意味着懂句意，更说明了“掠读”、“跳读”、“猜”的偏颇。如能按第三步的方式划一划，查一查，平日有积累，还愁不能正确理解该句：“难道因为你住高层建筑，又有垃圾道就可以不进行分拣和回收了吗?不用多久就应这样做”。再比如高三课本（上）的第128页中有这样一段: On hearing this，Marlin got angry and shouted，“You want me to take the place of a monkey? Take its place yourself!You look more like a monkey than I do．”原意是：“马林刚一听到这里，就气愤地吼道，你想让我扮猴子吗?你去扮好了，你长得才像猴呢!”然而不少学生，甚至一部分教师都错解为“你长得比我更像猴!”这样一来就闹出定位错误的笑话了。从这个例子中我们也能看出这样一个现实，读懂了句子，未必理解准确到位，换言之，表层意思与深层含义是不一样的。要想达到翻译上的信达雅，不加大量阅读，不按照上述五步的方法加强训练，解阅读理解题的水平很难提高。
综上所述，提高解阅读理解题的水平决非一蹴而就，而应经过长时间的大量阅读。由于不少英语单词和词组是一词多意，因此要在阅读中逐步加深印象，拓宽词汇量，这样才能突破阅读关。
同学们可能会问读什么样的文章好，应该是两类文章并进。一种是21世纪报和21世纪报中学生版，同学们可依上述五步每周阅读一份报纸，一定能开阔视野，扩大词汇量，增加知识；另一种是有阅读理解题的文章，他们能检测你理解的程度，提高你高考时做阅读理解题的分值。简而言之，要疯狂，要持久。疯狂阅读指量，持久阅读指质。那么突破阅读关的时间离你就越来越近了。
第一章
主 旨 概 括
第一课
一、试卷分析与展望
阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。文章或段落的中心思想犹如一支蜡烛的芯。这根芯看似无关紧要，但是如果没有它，那么这支蜡烛就不能再称为蜡烛，而是一堆蜡。所以，一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意，这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中被考查的重点。
下面，我们一起来回顾一下1996-2002年十年的全真试题，就可知道此项技能的重要性了。
用心
爱心
专心
1．What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? [NMET96（61）] 9． The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ___[NMET96（66）]
10．This news story is mainly about _____． [NMET97（51）]
11．The text is mainly about _____． [NMET97（55）]
12． The text is mainly about _______．[NMET98（51）]
13． What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? [NMET98（54）]
14． The text is mainly about ______．[NMET98（57）]
15． What would be the best title for the text? [NMET98（70）] 16． This article mainly tells about the story of _______． [NMET99（51）] 17． The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___________． [NMET2000（54）] 18． According to the writer of the text , imagining the future will _________．[NMET2000（66）]
19． The purpose in writing this text is _________．[NMET2000（67）]
从上述全真试题中，我们可以总结出，对于文章或段落的主旨大意设问的形式一般是：
1． The main idea of the passage（text）is _____．
2． The text（passage）is mainly about _____．
3． What does the passage mainly discuss（deal with）?
4． Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?
5． The main point of the passage is ______．
6． The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____．
7． Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?
8． What is the topic of the text?
9． The main purpose of the story is to tell us _____．
10． The conclusion we can get from the story is _____．
大家只要记住，看到问题中使用mainly, main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等词时，就得仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。
当然，除了上述通用的句型，还可用其它的形式设问，这就要求我们认真理会题干的意思了。
例如92年的75题“The writer tells this story to _____．”
以及93年的66题“The writer wrote the story in order to _____． ”
也是考查考生对主旨大意的理解
二、基本训练
Mike is a freshman（新生）in college． He is also trying to earn the money he needs to live on． As a result, he works forty hours a week at a gasoline station． But this work must be done at night because Mike is a full-time college student． Mike also tries to make time for things
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he enjoys doing that are not related to college and work． He likes to ski in winter and play in summer． However, he is finding less and less time for these pleasures． Question: Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A． Mike is very busy
B． A freshman has to work many hours all week
C． Mike has pleasures in his spare time D． Mike has a lot of homework
Telephone, television, radio, and the telegraph all help people communicate with each other． Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world． For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in Japan or Argentina（阿根廷）． An international soccer match comes into the home of everyone with a television set． News of disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries． Within hours, help is on the way． Because of modern technology like the four thousand satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast．
Question: The main idea of the passage is that _____．
A． News of a disaster travels quickly and help can come quickly from distant countries．
B． Election results can be known almost immediately．
C． Communication is good．
D． Information travels very fast because of technology．
三、高考实战（90年高考阅读题）
A well-known old man was being interviewed（采访）and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday．
“That's right,” said the old man． “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world． They're all dead．” “Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday．”
The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't． You look fit and healthy to me!” 1． The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very _____． A． friendly man—he never made any enemies．
B． healthy man—he lived longer than all his enemies． C． lucky man—his enemies had all died．
D． terrible man—he had got rid of all his enemies．
2． When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, _____ A． he was trying to make the old man happy． B． he wished he himself would live another year．
C． he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred．
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D． he did not believe he would interview the old man again．
3． When the old man said “I can't see why you shouldn't”, what he meant was _____ A． “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year．” B． “Of course you can see me again since you're so fit and healthy．” C． “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again．” D． “Unless you live another year, you wouldn't be able to interview me again．” 4． What kind of man would you say the old man was? A． He was silly．
B． He was unpleasant．
C． He was very proud and sure of his health． D． He was very impolite to young people．
Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly． If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping（浸）it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle（脆）—that is, It will break easily． Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily． It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it． The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly, for a certain length of time． The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes． Annealing can also be used on other materials, such as glass． 5． Annealing can make metal _____ A． hard and tough（韧）．
B． hard but brittle． C． soft but tough．
D． soft and brittle． 6． Why do people put hot metal in water? A． To make it hard．
B． To make it soft． C． To make it cool．
D． To make it brittle． 7． In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on _____ A． the quantity of water used． B． the temperature of the metal． C． the softness of the metal．
D． the timing of the operation． 8． As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A． It can be heated and then cooled quickly． B． It can be cooled and then heated slowly． C． It can be heated and then cooled slowly． D． It can be cooled and then heated quickly．
“I would almost rather see you dead,” Robert S． Cassatt, a leading banker（银行家）of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist． In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not． And when the young lady's family ranked among（跻身于）the best of Philadelphia's social（社交界的）families, such an idea could not even be considered． That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist． She did not tremble before her father's anger． Instead, she opposed（抗拒）him with courage and at
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last made him change his mind．
Mary Cassatt gave up her social position（社会地位）and all thought of a husband and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady． In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance（坚持）, she became America's most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading woman painter of the time．
9． How did Mr． Cassatt react（反应）when his daughter made her announcement? A． He feared for her life．
B． He was very angry． C． He nearly killed her．
D． He warned her．
10． What in fact was Mr． Cassatt's main reason in opposing his daughter's wish? A． Drawing and painting was simply unthinkable among ladies in those days． B． He did not believe his daughter wanted to work seriously in art． C． He believed an artist's life would be too hard for his daughter． D． Ladies of good families simply did not become artists in those times．
11． What made Mary Cassatt's “struggle” to become a recognized artist especially hard? A． She was a woman．
B． Her father opposed her．
C． She had no social position． D． She did not come from an artist's family． 12． What do we know about Mary Cassatt's marriage（婚姻）? A． Her marriage failed because she never gave a thought to her husband and family． B． She never married because she did not want to be just a wife and mother．
C． After marriage she decided to give up her husband rather than her career（事业）． D． She did not marry because for a lady of her social position to marry below her was unthinkable．
13． What do we know about Robert Cassatt's character from the text? A． He was a cruel man．
B． He was a stubborn（固执的）man．
C． He knew nothing about art． D． He knew little about his daughter． 14． What do we know about Mary Cassatt's character? A． She was brave in going against old ideas． B． She got tired of always obeying her father．
C． She hated playing at drawing and painting． D． She did not mind being poor at all． 15． As we can learn from the text, which of the following was generally considered the most important in the life of a woman in the U．S． in Mary Cassatt's times? A． Money．
B． Career．
C． Marriage．
D． Courage．
Benin
Benin is one of the smallest African states． It lies in West Africa on the Gulf（海湾）of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east． Benin used to be called Dahomey and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960，用心
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when it became independent（独立）． In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew（推翻）the first president Maga． Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced（取代）by a civilian（非军人）government in 1967． In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over（接管）． In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years． However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president． In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place． Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People's Republic based on Marxism-Leninism．
16． Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries?（Bn = Benin;Tg = Togo;Nr = Niger;BF = Burkina Faso;Na = Nigeria;GG = Gulf of Guinea）
17． For how long was Benin under France? A． For over a century．
B． For roughly a century．
C． For over half a century． D． Under half a century．
18． For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic? A．15 years．
B．25 years．
C．20 years．
D．30 years． 19． Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin．
（Ah = Ahomadegbe;Ke = Kerekou;Ma = Maga;So = Soglo）A． So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke
B． Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah C． So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah
D． Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke 20． When and how did Benin get its two names—Benin and Dahomey? A． Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin．
B． Benin was its oldest name． The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again．
C． Dahomey was its oldest name． The name Benin was used later, but has been replaced
by Dahomey again．
D． Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey．
四、能力测试
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay
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alive． That's what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin． Al Herpin, it was said, never slept． Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves．
Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey． They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind． So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made． But they were surprised． Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping． In fact, he did not even own a bed． He never needed one．
The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers．
The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness． They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer． They found only one answer that might explain his condition． Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born． But that was all． Was this the real reason? No one could be sure． Herpin died at the age of 94．
1． The main idea of this passage is that _____． A． large numbers of people do not need sleep B． a person who actually didn't need any sleep was found C． everyone needs some sleep to stay alive D． people can live longer by trying not to sleep 2． The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _____． A． to cure him of his sleeplessness B． to find that his sleeplessness was not really true C． to find out why some old people didn't need any sleep D． to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping 3． After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Al Herpin _____． A． needed some kind of sleep
B． was too old to need any sleep C． needed no sleep at all
D． often slept in a chair 4． One reason that might explain Herpin's sleeplessness was _____．
A． his mother's injury before he was born B． that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit C． his magnificent physical condition D． that he hadn't got a bed 5． Al Herpin's condition could be regarded as _____．
A． a common one B． one that could be cured C． very healthy
D． a rare one 第二课
一、技巧解疑
文章（或段落）的构成有其内在的规律性，其中心思想往往是通过主题句来体现的。因此考生对以下
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四种结构应首先有所了解，然后通过一系列有意识的训练进而掌握它们。
1． 主题句在篇（段）首的结构
这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别（特殊）的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。请看91年的Passage C: Jane Clark, fair-haired, blue-eyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world． In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge（雪橇）across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle
and through some of the most difficult land in the world． In bitter（刺骨的）winds and snow-storms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached-38℃． When Jane was asked how she
felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, “I still can't believe it．” She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs． David Wilson, who came second, said, “It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you． But it doesn't hurt for long． She was a good winner．” 76． Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A． Woman wins the world's toughest race!B． Woman fights bitter winds and snow-storms!C． Woman wins a sledge race in the world!D． Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic!
这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。
2． 主题句在末尾的结构
尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。请看98年Passage A的最后一段：
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin． Everyone was astonished to see him． There was just one problem． Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates． He rolled on and on．
Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall． Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces． Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!54． What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A． The roller skates needed further improvement．
B． The party guests took Merlin for a fool．
C． Merlin succeeded beyond expectation．
D． Merlin got himself into trouble．
这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案当然是C了。
二、基本训练
Americans use more water than any other people in the world． If we continue to use water
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at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs． In 1900, 40 billion gallons（加仑）were used each day in the United States． In 1980, 700 billion gallons were used． The average American uses almost 90 gallons of water a day for personal use． And much more water is needed to make the things American people like to have． For example, it takes thousands of gallons of water to make one pound of beef for the dinner table． It takes more than 100,000 gallons of water to make a car． If we include these uses of water, the average American uses about 2000 gallons of water a day．
Question The best title for the passage is _______．
A． Water Use in the United States B． The Problem of Water Use C． Water Use in the World D． Water Use in the Twentieth Century Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year． It means “holy evening”, and it comes every October 31, the evening before All-Saints Day． However, it's not really a church holiday;it's a holiday for children．
Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins． Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put lights inside． It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!
The children also put on strange masks（面具）and frightening clothes every Halloween． Some children paint their faces to look like monsters（怪物）． Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house． Every time they come to a new house, they say, “Trick or treat!Money or eat!” The adults（成年人）put a treat---money or candy---in their bags．
Some children think of other people on Halloween． They carry boxes for UNICEF（The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund）． They ask for money to help poor children all around the world． Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat for themselves, too．
The best title for the passage probably is ______．
A． An Autumn Holiday B． A Church Holiday C． A Holiday for Children D． All-Saints
三、高考实战（1991年高考试题）
O． Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories． His real name was William Sydney Porter． He was born in North Carolina in 1862． As a young boy he lived an exciting life． He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know． When he was about 20 years old, O． Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs． He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank． When some money went missing from the bank, O． Henry was believed to have stolen it． Because of that, he was sent to prison． During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories． After
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he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing． He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there． People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers' surprise． 66． In which order did O． Henry do the following things? a． Lived in New York b． Worked in a bank c． Travelled to Texas d． Was put in prison e． Had a newspaper job f． Learned to write stories A． e, c, f, b, d, a B． c, e, b, d, f, a C． e, b, d, c, a, f D． c, b, e, d, a, f 67． People enjoyed reading O． Henry's stories because A． they had surprise endings． B． they were easy to understand． C． they showed his love for the poor． D． they were about New York City． 68． O． Henry went to prison because A． people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper． B． he broke the law by not using his own name． C． he wanted to write stories about prisoners． D． people thought he had taken money that was not his． 69． What do we know about O． Henry before he began writing? A． He was well-educated． B． He was not serious about his work． C． He was devoted to the poor． D． He was very good at learning． 70． Where did O． Henry get most material for his short stories? A． His life inside the prison． B． The newspaper articles he wrote． C． The city and people of New York． D． His exciting early life as a boy．
Indianapolis is the capital and largest city of Indiana, U． S． A． With a population of 744,000, it is one of the largest cities in the world that cannot be reached by water． However, Indianapolis is a city through which many railways, roads, buses and planes pass． There are many factories which make trucks, farm tools, and electrical things． These factories cause little pollution for the city． Butler University, well-known for engineering, and the law and medical schools of Indiana University, are in the city centre． Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th．
If you visited Indianapolis you would be able to find your way around easily because most of the streets cross each other like a chessboard（棋盘）． In the centre of the city, called the Circle, stands the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, 100 metres high． Also in the centre there are many buildings made of the famous Indiana stone, which makes them white in colour． 71． What is Indianapolis best known for?
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A． Its yearly motor race． B． Its schools and libraries．
C． Its universities and medical schools． D． Its Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument． 72． You can NOT travel to Indianapolis by A． boat． B． train． C． car．
D． bike．
73． From the text, what do we learn about the size of Indianapolis? A． It is the largest city in the U． S． A． B． It has a population of over a million． C． It has a population of under a million． D． It is one of the largest cities in the world．
74． It is easy for a stranger to go about in the city because A． most of the buildings are in the centre of the city． B． there are many different ways of travelling there． C． the buildings are very close to each other． D． the city is planned in squares．
75． Many buildings in Indianapolis are white because A． they are painted white every year． B． the Indiana people keep them clean． C． they are made of a special stone． D． there is little pollution from factories Moscow, Russia（space news）—“The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser． “It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move． I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind（为人类着想）, but I just couldn't win,” he announced and shook his head sadly．
Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine． Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships（锦标赛）around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game．
The computer walked—or rather, rolled—away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights．
76． Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A． 5,000 dollars goes to a computer!B． New invention: a laughing computer!C． World's best chess player beaten!D． Computer defeats man in chess!77． How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? A． They thought that the game was no fun． B． They thought that the game wasn't fair． C． They agreed that Prozorov didn't play well． D． They were unhappy that the computer
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had won．
78． What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter（懊恼）about? A． That he didn't win the $ 5,000． B． That he hadn't tried his best． C． That he had lost to a machine． D． That this was the end of the chess game． 79． After winning the game, the computer A． laughed． B． walked away．
C． made some remarks． D． gave out some lights and sounds． 80． Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would A． make the game tougher． B． make the game less interesting． C． make man appear foolish． D． make man lose lots of money．
One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine． He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools． He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture．
He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton（人体骨架）to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase（箱子）． At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper． He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop．
When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake． He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert． 81． Who wrote the story? A． Rupert's teacher．
B． The neighbour's teacher．
D． The teacher's neighbour． C． A medical school teacher．
82． Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A． He needed it for the summer term in London． B． He needed it for the lecture he was going to give． C． He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research． D． He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching． 83． What happened at the airport? A． The skeleton went missing． B． The skeleton was stolen．
C． The teacher forgot his suitcase． D． The teacher took the wrong suitcase． 84． Which of the following best tells the teacher's feeling about the incident? A． He is very angry． B． He thinks it rather funny． C． He feels helpless without Rupert． D． He feels good without Rupert．
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85． Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A． The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert． B． The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert． C． The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase． D． The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert．
四、能力测试
Thirty children from China and eight from other countries and regions who won prizes in an international competition（竞赛）received their rewards in Beijing at the Great Hall of the People yesterday． The nine-month 1989 Sea-Ball Cup International Children Drawing Competition started last April． It received more than 6,000 works including 300 pieces of art from countries and regions outside China---the United States, the Soviet Union, the Philippines, Chili, Romania and Japan．
“All the paintings express children's longing for a peaceful world, their love for nature and dreams for the future,” said Fan Zeng, the well-known Chinese painter and chairman of the evaluation commission（评委会）of the competition．
The Gold Prize was granted to five works, one of them is from the Soviet Union． Another 10 children were awarded the Silver Prize． “The prizewinning works are outstanding in the imagination and creativity,” Fan said． A Chinese boy at the age of five was the youngest prize winner, who won a Bronze Prize．
Marjorie Michelle Villa, a Philippine girl at the age of thirteen, who won a Silver Prize, flew to Beijing for the award ceremony and gave a speech to an audience which included senior Chinese leaders and foreign diplomats（外交官）who received prizes on behalf of the winners from their countries．
（1）No children from ____ sent their paintings for the competition．
A． Asia
B． Africa
C． Europe
D． America（2）From their works we can see the children ______． A． love their own countries B． have a strong good feeling for peace and nature, and they dream of a happy future C． are proud of their own paintings D． are sure of their bright future（3）A girl prize winner _______．
A． took a plane to Beijing to tell the Chinese leaders about her paintings B． attended the ceremony and visited Beijing C． was absent from the ceremony D． was present and spoke at the ceremony（4）The competition is ______．
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A． a full success B． a successful experiment C． a pleasant surprise D． a good imagination（5）The best title for the passage is ______．
A． Boys and Girls Are Fond of Paintings B． Children Are Praised for Their Love of Paintings C． Children Painters Receive Their Prizes D． Children Come to Beijing from Different Countries
第三课
在上一讲中，我们接触到了主题句在首句和主题句在尾句的结构。那有没有主题句在中间或没有主题句的结构呢？答案是肯定的。在这一讲中，我们就来重点看看这两种结构吧。
1． 主题句在中间的结构
有些主题句既不在篇（段）首，也不在篇（段）尾，而是处于篇章（或段落）的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。
这类结构包括三个层次：引题——主题思想——解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，也可分为三部曲：归纳——结论——演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例：
When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down． When a bullet（子弹）is shot straight up, it will travel much
faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down． Whatever goes up must come down． We have always thought this to be true． An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far
and long． Yet it does not stay up forever． Finally, like everything else, the plane must come down．
本段文字中用斜体显示的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。
2． 没有主题句的结构
没有主题句的篇章（或段落），并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。请看92年的Passage A:
Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten（咬）by snakes． “It was seeing people with snake bites（伤口）that led me to this career,” he said．
In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine． As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains． There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives．
“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met． It was a very hot afternoon． The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand． He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake． In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm
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to stop the poison spreading to his heart． Rushing home he shouted, ‘Bring me the knife' Minutes later the man lost his arm forever．”
“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes” Shu said．
Question: The best headline（标题）for this newspaper article is _____．
A． Astonishing Medicine
B． Farmer Loses Arm
C． Dangerous Bites
D． Snake Doctor
文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节，都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。所以最好的标题便是D了。
In short, 正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此，提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力，是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点，也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项，这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意。
二、基本训练
Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world． If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands． The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is really not true． In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits． They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives---such as in schools, businesses, and sports---but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home． This living “side-by-side” has both advantages（长处）and disadvantages． Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another． However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands． There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America． Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers． Question: Which is the best title for this passage?
A． Advantages and Disadvantages B． Different Customs and Habits
C． Home for the people D． “Side-by-side” Living Style in America
Kleptomania（盗窃癖）is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal． Such a person is not really a thief． They are sick and cannot help themselves． All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions． People with Kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take
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things that do not belong to them． With medical help they may become normal citizens again． The things that a Kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value． They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them． Questions: What is the topic of the text?
A． Young thieves
B． An unusual illness
C． Reasons for stealing D． A normal child's actions
三、高考实战（1992年试题）
In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat． Frightened? You shouldn't be ,because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition（营养）．
Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time． To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup（汤）made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines． Rice wine was also used in the soup to help illnesses caused by old age． After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life．
Fu's soup became the talk of the town ． Many people came to see him ． One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup ． “ I'll tell you ,”Fu said． “But if your restaurant is going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour． And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother．” 61． The best headline（标题）for this newspaper article is ． A． A Good Son B． A Special Soup C． How to Make Brains D． How to Live a Long Life 62． The food is called brains because ．
A． it looks like brains B． it has animal brains in it C． Fu's mother liked the name D． it makes one clever and live longer 63． Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, one of the things he demanded was that__ A． the restaurant shouldn't offer any other food B． the restaurant should use his mother's name C． the shape of the food must never be changed D． the food must be used to help sick people 64．The food was first invented to ．
A． help the aged in the town B． improve people's health C． make a restaurant famous D． help a sick woman
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65． What has made brains a popular food in Shanxi? A． They are served in many restaurants there． B． They are good for health and have a strange name． C． They are made of Chinese medicines and wine． D． They were invented a long time ago by an artist．
Sam and Joe were astronauts． There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive（活着）．Sam and Joe ,however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous, “We're the best men for the job, ”they said to the boss． “There may be problems, but we can find the answers．” “They're the last people I'd trust,” thought the boss． “But all the other astronauts have refused to go．” Once they were in space, Joe had to go outside to make some repairs． When the repairs were done, he tried to get back inside the spaceship． But the door was locked． He knocked but there was no answer． He knocked again, louder this time , and again no answer came． Then he hit the door as hard as he could and finally a voice said, “Who's there?” “It's me!Who else could it be?” shouted Joe． Sam let him in all right but you can imagine that Joe never asked to go on a trip with Sam again!66． Most of the astronauts were unwilling to go on the trip because ． A． it wasn't exciting enough B． they weren't experienced enough C． they thought they might get killed D． there was little chance of being selected 67． Why were Sam and Joe chosen? A． They were the only men who offered to go． B． The boss trusted them more than anyone else． C． They were the last people who wanted to go． D． The boss wanted them to get more experience． 68． What did Sam and Joe think the trip would be like? A． There would be serious problems． B． There wouldn't be any danger． C． It would be long and tiring． D． It would be exciting．
69． Joe didn't want to work with Sam again probably because he thought Sam ． A． wasn't as experienced as he was B． didn't know how to operate the door C． didn't know how to do repairs D． was very slow and possibly deaf 70． The writer tells this story to ．
A． show the dangerous side of the astronauts' life B． show the funny side of the astronauts' life C． make people laugh D． make people think
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One Sunday, Mark decided to go sailing in his boat with his friend Dan, but Dan happened to be away． Dan's brother John offered to go instead though he did not know anything about sailing． Mark agreed and they set out to sea．
Soon they found themselves in a thick fog． Mark was sure they would be hit by a big ship． Fortunately he saw a large buoy（浮标）through the fog and decided to tie the boat to it for safety ． As he was getting onto the buoy, however, he dropped the wet rope． The boat moved away in the fog carrying John ,who did not know how to use the radio． He drifted（漂流）about and was not seen until twelve hours later．
Mark spent the night on the buoy ． In the early morning he fell asleep, and was having a bad dream when a shout woke him up． A ship, the Good Hope, came up and he climbed onto it and thanked the captain． The captain told him that John had been picked up by another ship and the ship's captain had sent out a message． “Without the message I would not have found you on the buoy,” he said．
71． Why didn't Mark and Dan go sailing together? A． Mark was in some other place． B． Dan was in some other place．
C． Mark would like to go with John． D． Dan asked his brother to go instead． 72． Mark tried to tie the boat to the buoy so that ．
A． he could spend the night on it while John was looking for help B． he and John could go sailing again when the fog cleared C． it wouldn't be hit by other ships D． he might be picked up by a passing ship 73． John and Mark became separated because ． A． John had to stay in the boat to radio for help B． John couldn't control the boat and drifted away C． there wasn't room for both John and Mark on the buoy D． Mark thought it safe to stay on the buoy but John didn't 74． What made it possible for Mark to be found on the buoy? A． John told people where to look for him． B． The captain saw him as the fog cleared． C． John radioed to the Good Hope to get him． D． He shouted when he caught sight of the Good Hope． 75． The word he in the last paragraph refers to ．
A． the captain that got the message B． the captain that sent the message． C． John D． Mark
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The dodo was a large bird that you might not think was a bird at all, for the dodo could not fly． It was a member of the chicken family． The bird was discovered by European sailors in 1507 on Mauritius（毛里求斯）Island．
When the sailors talked about the strange bird that could not fly, you can imagine people found it hard to believe their story． The Europeans who settled on Mauritius Island and the pigs they brought with them found the birds very good to eat． So large numbers of dodoes were killed and by 1681 no living dodes were found on the island． A few dodoes were brought to England in the 17th century, but for 200 years none have been seen alive． This is the reason for the phrase “as dead as a dodo”． Because they died out completely, the dodes became very well-known． 76．The writer tells us that the dodo ．
A． existed between 1507 and 1681 B． has existed since 1507 C． doesn't exist now D． may have existed 77．What was so unusual about dodoes as a bird? A． They looked like birds but couldn't fly． B． They lived longer than other birds． C． They were very good to eat． D． They were all killed． 78． Dodoes are no longer seen on Mauritius Island because they ． A． were killed by pigs B． were all taken to England C． have been driven away by the settlers D． have all been killed for food 79． The phrase “as dead as a dodo” is sometimes used to describe something that ． A． cannot protect itself from being eaten B． cannot fly or move fast C． no longer exists D． is sure to die 80． From the second paragraph, whose story did people find it hard to believe? A． The Europeans'． B． The dodoes'． C． The settlers'． D． The sailors'．
四、能力提高
Young people and older people do not always agree． They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing． But in one special programme in New York State, adults and teenagers（青少年）live together in a friendly way．
Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group． Everyone works several hours each day． They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and enjoyment in work． Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village． Some learn to make things like tables and chairs and to build houses． The adults teach them these skills．
There are several free hours each day． Weekends are free, too． During the free hours some
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of the teenagers learn photo-taking or painting． Others sit around and talk or sing． Each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time．
When people live together, rules are necessary． In this programme the teenagers and the adults make the rules together． If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group． They talk about it and ask, “Why did it happen? What should we do about it?” One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: “You stop thinking only about yourself． You learn how to think about the group．” 1． In one special programme in New York State, young and older people _____．
A． are friendly to one another
B． teach one another new ways of building houses C． do not work together
D． spend eight weeks together, working as farmers 2． All the members work some time every day mainly to _____．
A． lead a busy life
B． learn new skills of farming C． get used to the life on the farms D． find value and pleasure in work 3． Living together, ______．
A． the teenagers have to obey the rules the adults make B． the members don't have to obey the rules C． the members are not allowed to break the rules they make together D． the members have no free time except on weekends 4． The last paragraph shows that the teenager thinks his experience in the programme is ______．
A． disappointing
B． helpful
C． tiring
D． unpleasant 5． The best title for the passage is ______．
A． The Rules of Living Together B． Free Hours in the Special Work Group C． Teenagers and Adults Together D． Life in New York State
第二章 细节理解
第一课
一、试卷分析
准确地抓住并理解文章或段落的主题思想是十分重要的。但是仅仅粗略地看懂大意，不可能真正理解所有细节。只有准确理解全部细节，才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想。因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的，辅助论据支撑或阐述主题思想。因此，属于细节类的理解题既可检测阅读者对主旨大意理解的深度，又可测定他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。
从NMET开始以来，细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的百分之五十以上。例如1990年试题中20道阅读理解题，细节题就占了10题：
1．Annealing can make metal ______．（70）
2． Why do people put hot metal in water?（71）
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3． In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on ____．（72）
4． How did Mr． Cassatt react（反应）when his daughter made her announcement?（74）
5． What in fact was Mr． Cassatt's main reason in opposing his daughter's wish?（75）
6． Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries?
7． For how long was Benin under France?（82）
8． For how long was Benin an independent state before it became a People's Republic?（83）
9． Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin．（84）
10． When and how did Benin get its two names—Benin and Dahomey?（85）
我们再来看看1999年的试题中细节题占了多少？
1．Philadelphia is thought to be the best home for the diary because ____．（53）
2．Which of the following shows the right order of what happened to the diary?（54）
3．From the text, we learn that the diary is now owned by _____．（52）
4．David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ____．（59）
5．Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days?（60）
6．A man bought himself a ticket of ￡15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard． How much did he pay?（61）
7．The reason Father was in a hurry to get home was that he ______．（63）
8．People would stop feeling uneasy when realising that the children they're talking to _____．（67）
通过对1990年和1999年试卷的对比分析，可以看出越来越重视对考生综合理解能力的考
查。卷面已逐渐增加了对主旨大意，作者的意图，观点，心理等深层次理解题的分量。
即使是细节题，也不象90年试题那样容易从原文中找到根据，而是需要考生根据文中的 信息，通过自己的归纳总结，能对图表进行辨别，能对发展顺序进行判断，以及能对具体情况进行计算。这就需要考生能真正理解文章内容及主题思想，抱有碰运气或者猜的思想是行不通的。
在阅读考核中，查找主要事实或特定细节常见的题型是：
1． Which of the following statements is（not）true（or correct）?
2． Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
3． All of the following are true except．．．
4． The author（or the passage）states that．．．
5． According to the passage, when（where, why, how, who, what, which, etc．）．．．?
当然，针对某一具体的文章，还可以有各种各样，形形色色的设问方式。对于细节题，也可以说对于任何阅读理解题，考生必须根据文章提供的信息进行答题，而不能根据自己的主观判断或者一般常识来答
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题。切记！切记！
二、基本训练
The Louisiana Purchase（购买）proved to be the wisest business agreement in the entire history of the United States of America． First it doubled the area of the U．S． and provided territory（领土）from which 14 new states were created either wholly or in part． Second, it gave the Americans full control over the mouth of the Mississippi River and opened up the way to foreign trade． Before the purchase was made, the waterway had been blocked by the Spanish fleet（舰队）, probably with the approval of Napoleon． Third, the land was rich in wood for building, minerals and natural resources of other kinds． And finally, the cost of this business was extraordinarily low． The total of $ 15,000,000 amounted to about 4 cents an acre． 1． Before the Louisiana Purchase, _____．
A． The relations between America and Spain had been poor B． America had no system of foreign trade C． America was in great need of natural resources D． Land in general was selling for 4 cents an acre 2． After the Louisiana Purchase, ______．
A． America became friendly with Spain B． all the Americans became very rich C． America had a territory twice the size as itself before D． America spent so much money that it became weaker and poorer 3． When the American people fully controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River, _____．
A． a terrible war broke out between the U．S． and Spain B． their foreign trade developed more quickly C． got more natural resources D． the whole nation greatly benefited from the purchase 4． The land the American people bought through diplomacy（外交方式）provided the American people with ______．
A． more freedom
B． more chance of work C． more natural resources D． more benefits
三、高考实战（93年高考阅读题）
On the evening of June 21,1992,a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi'an with his bicycle ． The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles”．
Robert Friedlander, an American ,arrived in Xi'an on his bicycle trip across Asia which
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started last December in New Delhi, India． When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road ． Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi'an and his early dreams were coming true．
Robert Friedlander's next destinations（目的地）were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc． He will complete his trip in Pakistan．
61． The best headline（标题）for his newspaper article would be ． A． The Kingdom of Bicycles B． A Beautiful Hotel in Xi'an C． Marco Polo and the Silk Road D． An American Achieving His Aims 62． The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander coming to the hotel because ． A． he asked to see the manager B． he entered the hall with a bike C． the manager had to know about all foreign guests D． the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him 63． Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order ． A． China, India, and Pakistan B． India, China, and Pakistan C． Pakistan, China, and India D． China, Pakistan, and India 64． What made Friedlander want to come to China? A． The stories about Marco Polo． B． The famous sights in Xi'an．
C． His interest in Chinese silk． D． His childhood dreams about bicycles． 65． Friedlander can be said to be ． A． clever B． friendly C． hardworking
D． strong-minded A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village． They lived with the man's big family—his parents, his brothers, their wives and children． The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest． Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar．
Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarrelled with her husband．
Soon the elephant refused to eat and work． It appeared to be ill and heart-broken． One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house．
It went to the woman's home． On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it．
The young woman was so moved（感动）by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home．
66． The writer wrote the story in order to ．
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A． show that elephants are very clever B． tell how a woman trained a wild animal C． show that women care more for animals than men do D． tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 67． The woman left her new home ．
A． to visit her own parents in Maliyuwa B． to see if the elephant would follow her C． because she was angry with her husband D． because she was tired of the large family 68． After the young woman left her husband's home, the elephant ． A． returned to the forest B． was sad because it missed her C． went to look for a new home D． was sick because nobody fed it 69． The young wife went back to her husband because ．
A． she knew he had sent the animal to her B． the elephant had come to look for her C． her parents persuaded her to D． she missed her new home For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples． Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas（地区）． Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States．
There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale ．
The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Mcintosh．
Apples are different in colour, size, and taste ． The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow．
They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest． The taste may be sweet or tart（酸的）． Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce（苹果酱）．
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres． They do best in areas that have very cold winters．
Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree． 70． It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are A． grown in France B． sold everywhere C． very big D． quite sweet 71． Cold winter weather is good for ．
A． the growth of apple trees B． producing large apples C． improving the taste of apples D． the increase of water in apples 72． China, France and the United States are considered to ． A． be large producers of apples
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B． be large producers of applesauce C． have the longest history in apple production D． have the coldest winter among apple producing countries 73． The word yielded in the last sentence means ． A． improved B． increased C． produced D． sold Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, U．S．A．, is in the central part of the state, on the Santa Fe River which flows into the Rio Grands 35 kilometres west of the city ．More than two thousand metres above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to the southeast．
Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish（西班牙人）on an old Indian village ． In 1680 the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it ．The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence（独立）in 1821． From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by U．S． troops．
With a population of 48, 953, Santa Fe is now the second largest city in the state． Because of its sunny weather, rich history and surrounding mountains, it is a good place for holiday makers． Besides hunting and skating in the mountains people enjoy shopping in the Indian and Spanish shops, which brings a large income to the city every year． In summer there is an international opera（歌剧）season when operas are shown in a partly-roofed, open-air theatre daily for people from all over the world． 74． At present Santa Fe belongs to ．
A． India B． Mexico C． Spain（西班牙）D． the United States 75． Which of the drawings _____ below gives an idea of what Santa Fe is like? RG=the Rio Grande SFR= the Santa Fe River OM=the Ortiz Mountains
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76． Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexicans in ． A． 1675 B． 1695 C． 1816 D． 1833 77． The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the ． A． Spanish B． Indians C． Mexicans D． Americans 78． What is of special interest to people who visit Santa Fe in summer? A． Hunting． B． Fishing． C． Watching operas． D． Doing shopping． 79． Santa Fe is best described（描述）as a ．
A． trade centre B． holiday centre C． home for all nations D． seaport city 80． One of the reasons for visitors to come to Santa Fe is that it ． A． has fine weather B． is the state capital C． has historical monuments D． is on the Santa Fe River
四、能力提高
Like each living thing, languages are always changing． There are many reasons that can explain why they are always changing, but three main causes help explain this interesting phenomenon． Firstly, in very early times some different languages that originated from the same parent developed their own uniqueness（特殊性）after speakers moved away from one place to another． During the course of their movements, their unique languages came into being． Another main cause of language change is the influence of interaction（相互作用）with foreign cultures, often as a result of military conquest（军事征服）． The third cause for change is rapidly expanding（扩大的）technology and new systems of communication that bring all cultures and languages into closer contact（联系）, with borrowing between languages a common phenomenon in the present world． All languages change as the experiences of their speakers change．
1．The author thinks that the first most important cause that brings about the change of languages owes to A.the development of human civilization B． the movement of our ancestors（祖先）
C． the influence of interaction with foreign cultures D． the rapid progress made by science and technology 2．Which of the following statement is true according to this passage? A． The war and the effect caused by the war has a great effect on the change of languages． B． Most people enjoy the change of languages C． Mankind is always ready to change the language they communicate with one another． D． Most language have remained unchanged since early times．
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3．What is the main cause that brings about changes of languages in the present world? A.Military conquest B． People's continuous movement
C． Progress and development in science and technology
D． Borrowing foreign languages among different nations 4． This passage suggests that ______．
A． our ancestor enjoyed living in the same place B． some different languages now used to be the same in very early times C． different nations have lived together harmoniously since the early times D． people do not welcome the development or progress in science and technology 第二课
一、技巧解疑
细节理解题是最让人捉摸不定，变化万千的题型了。因为针对不同的文章，不同的细枝末节，可以有不同的设问，这就让人觉得它是那么不可捉摸，犹如雾里看花，水中望月。其实，这种题型是阅读考项中最简单的了。我们只要记住一点：万变不离其宗。这种题型无论有什么千变万化，你只要能看懂文章和题干，答案都能在原文中找到明显的线索。下面，我们就来看看，对付这等“千变魔头”有何绝招？
我们读文章，无外乎是对两个方面的理解。一个是浅层理解，或表层理解。另一个是深层理解，或内涵理解。所谓表层理解，指要读懂文章的基本内容，包括主要事实和各个细节。主要事实指文章中对于主题主旨具有典型意义的重要事实，这是文章的基本构架。细节是构成主要事实的局部因素或充实事实的例子，数据等细枝末节。一篇文章一般都包括这些要素。所以阅读理解考核中要求寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找到。但是，要注意的是出题者不会很明白很直接地提问，而是很注意提问的技术性或艺术性。也就是说，他提问都是要设障碍的，要罩上一层迷雾的，使得你弄不清问题指的是哪一件事，哪一个细节，造成你寻找的困难，这就要求你仔细琢磨了。归纳起来，提问技巧一般有隐含提问法、真伪证实法、间接提问法三种。这一讲里我们先来看看前两种提问技巧。
1． 隐含提问法
出题者使用同义词语、参照词、代词等，使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感。例如：
The basketball team never lacked vociferous（大叫大喊的）young supporters, but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm．
Question: Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show?
A． The young people
B． The players C． Some people D． A lot of people
因为the basketball team 和 players；seldom reacted 和rarely responded是两对同义关系的词语，而“they”又与basketball team有参照关系，所以答案应该是B。
2． 真伪证实法
出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实，不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座，而是提出似是而非，或完全错误的事实让考生去判断。对于这类题目，考生不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断，而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分，找出正确肯定的事实，才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案选择。例如：
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One word that sums up（概括）our age better than any other — whether “our age” is “the technological age” of western countries or the “modernizing age” of China — is the word CHANGE． But has change not always been present? True, but never before at such a breakneck speed． Today it is more than just change． It is unprecedented change． In such a world, reading provides the best tool we have for keeping up and for avoiding future shock in a world continually being remade．
Question: Which of the following is not true?
A． Western countries and China are being remade．
B． Reading will help understand our age．
C． The present age and future world are continually changing．
D． Reading is the best tool provided by our age．
选择题中，A、B、C项均与文意吻合一致。D项是一个似是而非的选择答案。文中的Reading provides the best tool for us（阅读对我们来说，是最好的工具。）和选项中D． Reading is the best tool provided by our age．（阅读是我们时代提供的最好工具。）意思不符。所以，答案是D。好啦，你想小试一把吗？那就点next吧。
二、基本训练
Dear Abby，This is my first letter to you, although I have been reading your column for many years． I need an outside opinion．
I am a grandmother in my 70s and have just returned from visiting my daughter, her husband and their three dearly loved children---all under the age of 5---and I'm upset with some of their parenting ways． For example: They lock the doors to their children's bedrooms at night because “the children might get out of their beds and wander around the house, and we may not hear them．” If one child should get punishment, all three are punished, and if one child says a naughty word, all three are given hot sauce（辣酱汁）in the mouth． I know these parents love their children very much, but are these ways of disciplining them wise? Please understand, it is not my aim to interfere（干涉）．
Dear Gram, Children's bedroom doors should not be locked． Should a flash fire break out, it would be a nightmare． Punishing all the children when only one has earned the punishment is a good way to make them grow up to hate each other． Children who use “naughty words” should not be punished with hot sauce in mouth---they should be taught the proper and acceptable word to use instead of the “naughty words”． 1． Gram's daughter ______．
A． is very strict with her children
B． does not love her three children C． always punishes her children at night D． often gives her children hot sauce
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2． Gram writes the letter in order to ______．
A． disclose her daughter's ways as a mother B． criticize her daughter's ways as a mother C． express her anger about her daughter's ways as a mom D． get other's opinion about her daughter's ways as a mom 3． Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A． Gram seems to care for her grand-children very much．
B． Gram is against some of her daughter's ways as a mom．
C． Abby is for only one of Gram's daughter's ways as a mom．
D． Abby agrees with Gram about her daughter's ways as a mom．
The best way to improve your reading ability is, of course, to read． The student must make a real effort to improve his speed, and if necessary his comprehension（理解）, with each exercise． Too many students read passages passively and without judgement: they simply start at the first word and read through to the end． You should read a passage actively, selectively and purposely． You must believe that you indeed have the ability to read faster and understand more, and that you will．
Reading, like everything else in life, is best done when you're relaxed（放松． The key to improve it is concentration（集中）． You must be willing to break some old habits and form new ones． Extra body movement, such as turning the head from side to side, pointing at the line with a finger or pencil, or moving the lips, should be stopped immediately． Reading is mostly a mental process（过程）and body movement helps neither speed nor comprehension． Then you should see words as part of a whole sentence or paragraph, not just in isolation． This is why a slow, word-by-word student often understand far less, or miss much of the joy and excitement of reading． 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A． When reading, you should pay attention to the basic unit of meaning, that is, a phrase or sentence that contains an idea．
B． When reading, you'd better point at the line with a pencil．
C． Body movement will help you to improve reading．
D． When reading, you should turn your head from side to side． 5．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A． You can do best work when you're relaxed．
B． Reading skills must be practiced not only within the classroom but also at home．
C． It doesn't matter moving your lips when you read．
D． Reading attentively can improve your reading ability．
三、高考实战（94年高考阅读试题）
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Tokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum．
“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it's different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said．
Exhibition officials said that a person bitten（咬）by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved． Medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital．
Star sapphires and other valuable jewels worth a total of one million dollars are on show behind glass． Hundreds of visitors came to see the special blue star sapphire and were surprised when they saw the sixty-centimetre long brown guards．
61．Using snakes at exhibitions of valuable objects is ． A． quite normal B． never allowed C． often necessary 62．The jewels were being shown in ．
A． an Indian hotel B． an Indian museum C． a Japanese hotel D． a Japanese museum 63．Why were the snakes and jewels at the same exhibition? A． They were both special things from India． B． The snakes were there to keep the jewels safe． C． The organizers wanted to do something unusual． D． People liked to visit an exhibition guarded by snakes． 64．Many visitors came to the exhibition because ． A． the snakes were on show B． so many jewels were being exhibited C． exhibition officials said it was special D． they were interested in seeing a famous jewel Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them．
“To reduce pain, take two tablets（药片）with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required． For night-time and early morning relief（缓解疼痛）take two tablets at bedtime． Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours．
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D． usually forbidden
For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount（量）． For children under six years old ,ask for your doctor's advice．
Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”．
65．How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours? A． Three． B． Four C． Six D． Eight 66．How many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours? A． Half a tablet． B． One tablet． C． Two tablets． D． Four tablets．
67．What is the advice for one who cannot sleep well after taking the medicine? A． Stop taking the medicine at bedtime． B． Continue to take the normal amount． C． Take more than the normal amount． D． Take less than the normal amount． 68．It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine．
A． helps you to fall asleep quickly B． may be dangerous to small children C． cannot be taken if one feels sleepy D． should not be taken by children under six 69．This text is most probably taken from a ．
A． textbook B． newsreel C． doctor's notebook D． bottle of medicine I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang． It was an eccentric（怪僻的）
farmer． I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him． He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything． Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident． I hadn't the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go ．
It had been snowing heavily that day and I didn't know the way． I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place． He was standing there, waiting for me． It seemed Milly had died． “She meant more to me than anyone„even my own wife!” he said． I could see that he had been crying． I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scandal（丑闻）． I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn（厩）．“I wouldn't leave her out in the cold!” he said．
Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his． I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door ．He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground．“ She was such a good cow!I wouldn't let anyone but a doctor touch her!” he said, and burst into tears again．
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70．The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ． A． expect B． understand
C． see clearly D． hear clearly 71．Before he arrived at the farmer's house, the writer expected to see Milly lying ． A． on the ground of a barn B． on the floor of a room． C． in bed in a room D． in bed in a barn 72．What do we know about Milly from he story? A． She had met with an accident． B． She had caused a scandal C． She was seriously ill． D． She was hidden somewhere． 73．The farmer wished that the writer might ．
A． look into the matter B． bring Milly back to life C． free him from a scandal D ．keep the whole thing a secret 74．The person who told the story is probably a ． A． farmer B． policeman C． country doctor D． newspaper reporter There are different ways in which people try to deal with the problem of energy． One way is the greater production of common energy sources（能源）, such as coal, oil and gas． The trouble with these sources, however, is that they are not renewable．
Another way is energy conservation（节能）, which means using energy more efficiently（有效地）． In some very cold countries people build special houses to save energy． They place materials between the inside and the outside of the walls of the house to keep the cold out and the warmth in． The house is heated by the lights, the body heat of the people and the other equipment in it．
Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop． One form of these is geothermal energy． In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down． At six kilometres, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees． To get the heat, water is pumped（压;抽）down into the rocks and back up to the surface． Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries． 75．How many ways of dealing with the energy problem are discussed in the text? A． Two B． Three C． Four
D． Five．
76．From the text we learn that coal ．
A． is quite easy to produce B． is not used most efficiently C． is the most common source of energy D． could be renewed only by new technology 77．The writer tells about the “special houses” because they A． show the excellent skills of the builders
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B． serve as an example of energy conservation C． are heated by different sources of energy D． are warmer than other types of houses 78．The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean ． A． renewable source B． underground source C． heat inside the earth D． temperature of the earth 79．Which of the following drawings shows the right way to get geothermal energy?
80．At a place where the surface temperature is 15℃, how deep do you have to dig so as to get a temperature of 75℃? A． One km． B． Two km．
四、能力提高
Ben Jonson is one of the few men ever to be buried standing up． As the story goes, King Charles I once made him a promise． The king told the great writer that he would be buried in England's famous Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）． But that wasn't all． Jonson could choose
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C． Three km． D． Four km．
any place he liked for his grave（坟墓）．
Jonson died in 1637． Then it was found that the spot he had picked was already filled． The ground space left in it was just eighteen inches square． But Charles kept his word． He had Jonson's coffin（棺材）placed on its end in the small space． That way it would just fit． 1．Which of the following is not true? A． Jonson wanted to be buried in the Abbey． B． Jonson wanted to be buried standing up．
C． Jonson got Charles's promise．
D． Jonson picked a place in the Abbey． 2．Why was Jonson's coffin placed on its end? Because it ______． A． would take less room
B． would look longer C． was Jonson's wish
D． was Charles's wish 3．The story shows that Charles ______．
A． liked someone to be buried standing up B． liked every writer C． tried to learn from Jonson
D． tried to keep promise 4．This passage doesn't tell us ______．
A． what kind of work Jonson did
B． where Jonson was buried C． how Jonson's grave was marked D． where the story happened
Jack London was a famous American writer． He was born on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco, California． His family was very poor, and Jack had to leave school to make money． He worked hard in many different jobs．
Later, Jack returned to school, but he did not stay． He wrote, “Life and pocketbook were both too short．” In 1879, he went to Alaska to find gold． Instead, he found ideas for his books and stories． He returned home and started to write． His writings were successful, and he became rich and famous in his twenties．
Jack London was not a happy man, however． In poor health, he took his own life in 1916． He was only 40 years old then．
5． As a child, Jack left school because _______．
A． he didn't like books
B． he wanted to find gold
C． he liked to be free
D． he had to make a living 6． He went to Alaska because ______．
A． it was a beautiful place
B． gold was found there
C． his parents lived there
D． he wanted to write books there 7． What did he find in Alaska? A． Gold and money． B． Books and stories．
C． Ideas for writing．
D． Ideas for selling books． 8． Which of the following statements is true?
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A． Jack killed himself because of poor health and unhappiness． B． Jack left school because the books there were too short．
C． Jack was a successful writer and he lived happily．
D． Jack died of illness in Alaska．
第三课
一、技巧解疑
这一讲里，我们来见识见识第三种迂回提问法。（间接提问法）
这又是一种设障提问技巧。问题不直接提出，而是绕着弯子提出。比如，涉及时间、距离及数据等时，你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案，有时，选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符，只是一个近似数值，（其它选择答案完全不沾边，完全错误），或者，提问者只给你一部分事实，让读者续出相应的事实使某事实更完整正确（这又叫做省略提问法）。
例如： 1999年第60，61题
Want to save money when travelling by train? Here are some ways．
Day Returns This ticket can save you up to 45% on the standard fare（车费）． You have to travel after the rush hour period Mon．-Fri．, but can travel at any time on Sat． or Sun
Big City Savers
These are special low-priced tickets on certain trains． You have to book in advance-at the latest by 16:00 the day before you travel． It's first come, first served．
Weekend Returns Weekend Returns are available（有售）for most journeys over 60 miles． Go on Fri．, Sat． or Sun．, and return the same weekend on Sat． or Sun．, and save up to 35% on the standard fare．
Monthly Returns These are available for most journeys over 65 miles． Go any day and return
within a month． Monthly returns save you up to 25% on the standard fare．
Family Railcard
For ￡20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult（成人）and up to 4 children for only ￡3 each when you buy single or return tickets． You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date．
60．Which is the best ticket to buy if you live in London and want to go to a small town 80 miles away for four days?
A． Big City Savers
B． Monthly Returns C． Weekend Returns D． Day Returns
61．A man bought himself a ticket of ￡15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard． How much did he pay?
A． ￡44
B． ￡29
C． ￡24
D． ￡15
61解析：要去一个远在80里以外的小镇游玩四天，选项A和D就可排除了。而选项C，我们可从对 Weekend Returns的介绍“Weekend Returns are available for most journeys over 60 miles． Go on Fri．, Sat． or Sun．, and return the same weekend on Sat． or Sun．”中了解到：虽然其旅程距离超过60里，但必须在同一周末返回。所以，要游玩4天，最好的选择当然是B了。
62解析：这里题干的意思是“有一个人用family railcard为他自己买了张15英镑的票，并且为他
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家人买了三张票。问题是：他须付多少钱？”从文章可知“使用family railcard，可以带一个成年人和四个小孩而每个人只需花三英镑（就可买到票）。”所以答案是：15+9=24。
二、基本训练
In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal area instead of travelling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn． It takes a ship about eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of fifteen thousand dollars, one-tenth of what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn． More than fifteen thousand ships pass through its locks（有船闸的河道）each year．
It was the French who started digging the canal but they sold their rights to the United States of America, which will control it until the end of the 20th century when the Panama government takes over its duties．
1． Before the cutting of the Panama Canal, a ship would travel _____ miles to round to Horn, and it would cost _____ dollars when it had to travel around Cape Horn． A． fifty;fifteen thousand B． seven thousand;about one hundred and fifty thousand C． fifteen thousand;seven thousand D． seven thousand;about fifteen thousand 2． The cutting of the Panama Canal took about _____ and it caused ______．
A． forty years;different troubles B． thirty years;problems of disease C． quite a long time;a great many problems D． a few years;troubles with politics and high costs 3．______ controls the Panama Canal at present and in _____ a different government will take control of the Panama Canal．
A． France;2,100
B． Panama;2,100 C． United States;2,001 D． United States;2,000 4．In what year was the construction probably started on the canal? A． 1840
B． 1920
C． 1868
D． 1881 5．This passage suggests that _____． A． it was an unworthy construction B． in spite of various problems, the cutting of the canal is beneficial C． Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive and saves much
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time D． Considering all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years
三、高考实战（95年高考阅读试题）
Fat on human beings is distributed（分布）in different ways． Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline—which makes them look round, rather like apples． Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped（梨形的）．
There are two types of fat: external fat（fat under the skin）and internal fat（fat inside the body wall）．
Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the `pears' have less internal fat, but the `apples' have more internal fat than external fat． This seems to be what causes the health problems．
The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat． But unfortunately it seems that dieting（节食）simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear． At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat．
61．The text is mainly about ． A． fatness and health D． distribution of fat
B． ways to lose weigh C． people's figures62．Which of the following people is most likely to have health problems?
63．When a pear-shaped person becomes thinner, he/she loses more ． A． internal fat than external fat B． external fat than internal fat C． fat above the waist D． fat below the waist Frank Smithson woke up and leaned over to turn off the alarm clock． “Oh no!” he thought
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to himself． “Another day at that office;a boss who shouts at me all the time．” As Frank went downstairs his eyes fell on a large brown envelope by the door． He was overjoyed when he opened it and read the letter inside． “Bigwoods Football Pools（足球赌博公司）would like to congratulate you． You have won half a million pounds．” Frank suddenly came to life． The cigarette（香烟）fell from his lips as he let out a shout that could be heard halfway down the street．
At 11:30 Frank arrived at work． “Please explain why you're so late,” his boss said． “Go and jump in the lake,” replied Frank． “I've just come into a little money so this is good-bye． Find yourself someone else to shout at．” That evening Frank was smoking a very expensive Havana cigar（雪茄）when a knock was heard on the door． He rushed to the door． Outside were two men, neatly dressed in grey suits． “Mr Smithson,” one of them said, “we're from Bigwoods Pools． I'm afraid there's been a terrible mistake„” 64．What do we know about Frank? A． He was a lazy man． B． He was a lucky person．
C． He didn't make a lot of money． D． He didn't get on well with his boss． 65．When he heard the knock at the door, Frank probably thought ． A． someone had come to make an apology B． someone had come to give him the money C． his friends had come to ask about the football pools D． his friends had come to congratulate him on his luck 66．On hearing “„there's been a terrible mistake„” Frank was most likely to be ． A． disappointed B． worried C． nervous
D． curious The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange , but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries．
Carmakers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise．
Physicists have known about the technique for a long time． Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air． If two sound waves of the same frequency（频率）mix so that the highest point of
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one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of the other wave, the result is no sound． Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle（周期）, we can kill the unwanted noise． Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing systems both inside and outside the cars．
Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．
Some engineers believe that the noise-killing system will be used in most cars in 1996． But the carmakers haven't decided if they will put it into production because it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars．
67．Which of the following gives a general idea of how the noise-killing system works? A． By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction． B． By mixing high frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves．
C． By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little later． D． By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together． 68．Besides its main function（功能）the noise-killing system can ． A． make a car lighter B． make a car quieter C． reduce the cost of a silencer D． improve the performance of a silencer 69．The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because ．
A． it increases the cost of car production B． carmakers are not sure if it is necessary C． it is still being tried out D． people still have their doubts The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666． In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together． One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives．
The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker（面包师）in Pudding Lane． The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof． A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery（面包房）into a small hotel next door． Then it spread quickly into Thames Street． That was the beginning．
By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire． On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames． Tuesday was the worst day． The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall among them．
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Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire． People threw their things into the river．
Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment． Birds fell out of the air because of the heat．
The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire． With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out．
After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect（建筑师）, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone． In fact, the streets are still narrow;but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St Paul's．
The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past． 70．The fire began in ．
A． a hotel B． the palace C． Pudding Lane D． Thames Street 71．The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means ． A． home B． children C． wife and husband D． wife and children 72．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that ． A． some people lost their lives B． the birds in the sky were killed by the fire C． many famous buildings were destroyed D． the King's bakery was burned down 73．Why did the writer cite（引用）Samuel Pepys? A． Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire． B． Because Pepys also wrote about the fire． C． To show that poor people suffered most．
D． To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire． 74．How was the fire put out according to the text? A． The king and his soldiers came to help．
B． All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed． C． People managed to get enough water from the river．
D． Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down． 75．Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread of the big fire?(a)There was a strong wind．（b）The streets were very narrow．（c）Many houses were made of wood．
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（d）There was not enough water in the city．
（e）People did not discover the fire earlier． A．（a）and（b）B．（a）,（b）and（c）
C．（a）,（b）,（c）and（d）D．（a）,（b）,（c）（d）and（e）
During the summer holidays there will be a revised（修改过的）schedule（时刻表）of services for the students． Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall． Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged（安排）, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club．
In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day． The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p．m． during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p．m． on weekends． The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays． The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p．m．
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card． This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper． 76．The main purpose of this announcement is to ． A.tell students of important schedule changes B． tell students of new bus and library services C． show the excellent services for students D． ask students to renew their library cards 77．At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall? A． 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00 B． 8:00, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30 C． 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 D． 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:30 78．Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ． A． they are not to be announced B． they are hard to arrange C． the full list is not ready D． the full list is too long 79．In the summer holidays, the library will have ．
A． no special hours B． special hours on weekdays C． special hours on weekends D． special hours both on weekdays and weekends． 80．We may infer that during the summer holidays ．
A． the student newspaper will sell more copies B． there will be a concert or a film once a week C． many students will stay in the university D． no breakfast will be served on weekends
四、能力测试
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Mr． Brown was at the theatre． He had got his ticket at the last moment, so he had not been able to choose his seat． He now found that he was in the middle of a group of American ladies, some of them middle-aged and some quite old． They obviously all knew each other well, as before the curtain went up on the play they had come to see, they all talked and joked a lot together．
The lady sitting on Mr． Brown's left, who was about sixty years old, seemed to be the happiest and the most interesting of the American group, and after the first act of the play, she apologized to him for the noisiness（喧闹声）of her friends． He answered that he was very glad to see American ladies so obviously enjoying their visit to England, and so they had a friendly talk． Mr． Brown's neighbor explained what they were doing there．
“You know, I have known these ladies all my life,” she said． “We all grew up together back in our hometown in the United States． They have all lost their husbands, and call themselves the Merry Widows（寡妇）． It is a sort of club, you know． They go to a foreign country every summer for a month or two and have a lot of fun． They always go everywhere together． I have wanted to join their club for a long time, but I was not able to become a member until the spring of this year．” 1． Mr． Brown did not get his ticket until ______．
A． the play almost started
B． he had chosen his seat C． after the curtain went up D． there was only one ticket left 2． The group of American ladies enjoyed the play in a theatre in ______．
A． America
B． Britain
C． their club
D． their hometown 3． Mr． Brown's neighbour at the theatre _______．
A． did not know these ladies until recently B． only knew some of them all her life C． had known them since she joined the club D． had known these ladies for a long time 4． The lady sitting on Mr． Brown's left finally succeeded in joining the club in the spring of this year when _____．
A． her husband died
B． the ladies in the club began to like her C． she got married
D． she pretended to be merry
第三章 猜测词义
第一课
一、试卷分析
近几年的NMET的阅读理解考项中总有一些考题要测试考生根据上下文和构词法知识猜
出生词词义或旧词具有新意的能力。例如：
1.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “career” in the first paragraph ?（92）
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2． The word “he” in the last sentence refers to ______．[NMET92 80]
3． The word “yielded” in the last sentence means _______． [NMET93 73]
4． The underlined phrase “make out” in the first paragraph means ______． [NMET94 70]
5． The underlined words “geothermal energy” in the third paragraph mean ___． [NMET94 78]
6． The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____． [NMET95 71]
7． The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ____ [NMET96 59]
8． The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _____． [NMET96 68]
9． The underlined phrase “figure out” in the text means _____． [NMET97 54]
10． The underlined word “one” refers to _____． [NMET97 68]
11． “Act your age” means people should _____． [NMET97 69]
12． The words “Youth Summit” refer to ______． [NMET98 55]
13． When the writer says “Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man”, he means _____． [NMET98 58]
14． What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “I'm on high”? [NMET99 55] 15． The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns（99）
16．“Professional work” used in the text means _______． [NMET99 69]
17． Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?[NMET2000 61]
18． Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _________．[NMET2000 65]
由此可见，高考对考生推测词义的能力是非常重视的。这就要求我们在阅读时要通过上下文交代的内容做出合乎逻辑的推理。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义做出正确的推测。
一般说来，这种题型的题干部分总含有mean, refer to的字样。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。例如95年的71题：The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means _____．
A． home B． children C． wife and husband D． wife and children
“family”是我们很熟悉的词了，意为“家庭”，但以这个意思理解family的话，我们就无法选择答案了。但是，如果我们结合上下文“The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof．”就很容易看出family其实指的是“children子女”，所以答案应该是B。
因此，考生不仅要知道常用词的意思，更要知道其灵活变化的意思。在阅读理解测试中，常见的考查这种技能的题型有：
1． The word “．．．” in line ．．． most nearly means _____．
2． The word “．．．” in line ．．． probably means _____．
3． In line ．．．, the word “．．．” refers to _____．
4． In line ．．．, the word “．．．” could best be replaced by which of the following?
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5． The word “．．．” as used in line ．．． in this passage means _____．
6． The word “．．．” as used in line ．．． is closest in meaning to ____．
7． In line ．．．, “．．．” could properly be replaced by ____．
8． By “．．．”, the author means _____．
二、基本训练
In America, where labor costs are so high, “do-it-yourself” is a way of life． Many people repair their own cars, build their own garages, even remodel their own houses． Soon they may also be writing their own books． In Hollywood there is a company that publishes children's books with the help of computers．
Although other book companies also publish that way, this particular company is very unusual．
It “personalizes” the books by having computer make the reader the leading character in the story． Here is how they do it． Let us say your child is named Jenny． She lives on Oak Drive in St． Louis, has a dog named Spot, a cat named Tabby, and three playmates whose names are Betsy, Sandy, and Jody． The computer uses this information to fill out a story that has already been prepared and illustrated（配上插图）． The story is then printed with standard equipment as a hard-cover book． A child who receives such a book might say, “This book is about me．” Therefore the company calls itself the “Me-Books Publishing Company”． Children like the me-books because they like to see in print their own names and the names
of their friends and pets． But more important, “personalization” had been found to be an important tool in developing enthusiasm for reading． Question: Here “fill out a story” means ______．
A． complete a story B． make full a story C． tell a story D． invent a story
三、高考实战（1996年高考阅读试题）
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book． Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down． While I watched mouth open is surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold． She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop． She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors． ” “Yes, I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, ”the nurse answered． She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren't you working late?” Mum just pushed harder, each swipe（拖一下）of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall． I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book．
After a long time Mum came back． Her eyes were shining． She quickly put the mop back and took
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my hand． As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you．” Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine． No fever． ” “You saw her, Mum?” “Of course． I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow． Dad will stop worrying as well． It's a fine hospital． But such floors!A mop is no good． You need a brush．” 51． When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was ．
A． to clean the floor B． to please the nurse B． to see a patient D． to surprise the story-teller 52． When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ． A． nurse
C． patient B． visitor D． cleaner 53． After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A.It is a children's hospital． B． It has strict rules about visiting hours． C． The conditions there aren't very good． D． The nurses and doctors there don't work hard． 54． From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely A． the story-teller's sister B． Mum's friend C． the story-teller's classmate D． Dad's boss 55． Which of the following words best describes Mum? A． strange C． clever B． warm-hearted D． hard-working When you want to see if a library has the book you want, you can use the catalogue（目录）in the library． Most catalogues of books in a library take the form of small cards kept in boxes． One way of arranging（排列）the cards is in ABC order by the family names of the writers．
Catalogue cards usually give the following important information:（1）the name of the writer,（2）the shelf-mark（架号）, that is, the Dewey number which helps people to find where the books are,（3）the title of the book,（4）the year of publication and the publisher, and（5）the number of pages in the book．
56． If you know the title of a book and want to find out if it is in the catalogue, what else do you need to
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know? A.The shelf-mark． B． The name of the writer． C． The Dewey number． D． The year of publication．
57． Which of the following is the kind of catalogue card described in the text? Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food． Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership（伙伴关系）which does good to both of them． You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep． This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites（寄生虫）on sheep． The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort． So although they can manage without each other, they do better together．
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner． The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other． This is so in the corals（珊瑚）of the sea． In their skins they have tiny plants which act as “dustman”, taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe． If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die． 58． Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ． A.they can eat its parasites B． they depend on the sheep for existence C． they enjoy travelling with the sheep D． they find the position most comfortable 59． The underlined word “they” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to． A． birds and parasites B． birds and sheep C． parasites and sheep D． sheep, birds and parasites 60． It can be learnt from the text that the coral depends on the plant for ． A． comfort B． light C． food D． oxygen
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61． What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? A． Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence． B． Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily． C． Some plants depend on each other for food． D． Some animals live better together．
In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside． In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits． Women did not walk about on the beach（沙滩）in their bathing dresses． They hired a bathing machine． A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea． It cost 2 pence（便士）to hire a machine and an attendant（侍者）． When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine． Then she changed into her bathing dress． When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea． The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water． If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in．
62． A 19th century English lady bathing in the sea would wear something like: 63． Who used the bathing machine? A.Women bathers． B.Both men and women bathers．
C.Bathers who couldn't swim． D． Bathers who couldn't walk．
64． A bathing machine was mainly used for ． A． giving the bather a pleasure ride on the beach B． giving the bather some exercise before getting into the water C． protecting the bather from catching cold from the sea wind D． protecting the bather from being seen in a bathing dress out of water 65． In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things． Which is the right order for doing them?
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a． Changing into bathing clothes b． Getting out of the bathing machine c． Paying 2 pence d． Getting into the bathing machine e． Being taken down the beach f． Getting into the water A． e, d, a, b, f, c B． c, d, a, e, b, f C． c, d, e, a, b, f C． d, a, e, b, f, c
EVENTS（赛事）
Bicycle tour（旅行）and race A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27（Sat． & Sum．）． At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg． Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive（竞争性的）part of the tour． The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli．
The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaibe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres． Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper． Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside． At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing．
Cost:200 yuan Telephone:4675027 Brazilian footballers The Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26．
The club has four national team players ． Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes． Ticket prices:60,100,150 yuan Time/Date:4:30 pm, August 26（Sat．）
Rock climbing The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base． More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it． A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing． Free for spectators（观众）．
Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou． Time/Dates:9-12 am, August 26 and 27 Telephone:7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua 66． The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ． A． visiting teams B． famous players C． things to do for the weekend D． prices to pay for the sports events
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Telephone:5012372
67． If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for ． A． 35 kilometres B． 55 kilometres C． 75 kilometres D． 110 kilometres 68． the underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means ． A． race B． practice C． part of the training D． part of the tour 69． What is special about the rock climbing competition? A． A foreign team takes part in it． B． You can watch it without paying．
C． You don't have to be a sportsman to take part． D． The bus trip to the place of the competition is free．
70． If you want to find something to do for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call? A． 4675027 B． 7143177 C． 5012372 D． 7144850
四、能力测试
Building a house costs quite a lot of money． Suppose you plan to build a house． Your first step will be to find a right piece of land． Your choice will depend on many different things． You will probably try to find a sunny place, with pleasant surroundings（环境）near shops and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work．
Next you will find an excellent builder, and together with the builder you will work out a plan． The builder will draw the plan． It will show the number of rooms, their position and size, and other parts which must be noticed, such as windows, doors, and electric outlets． The builder will work out how much money is needed to build your house． He will work out the cost of the wood, bricks, the glass, and everything else that must be used in building the house． Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate（预算）must be corrected and revised（修正． His estimate is based on existing prices, but prices of such things may change, and many other things may happen between the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house．
When the builder gives his estimate, you may wish to change your plan．（You may also wish to change your builder, if his estimate is too high!）You may find that some of the features（特征）you wanted as first cost too much, or that you can spend a little more and add something to your plan． The builder's estimate depends on the plan, but the final plan depends on the builder's estimate．
1． The best title of this passage is _____．
A.Building a House Costs Much Money
B.Estimate Is Important
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第四篇：2012年广东省高考冲刺英语作文训练
高三英语作文参考范文
一．
Patience Is The Secret of Success
The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing on the bank of the lake, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.I have a similar experience.Once I waited for a bus at the stop for 30 minutes, but no bus came.I couldn‟t wait any longer and decided to walk to school.But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived.I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it.If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes.Only then did I realize the importance of patience.Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made.Patience also plays an important part in our study and work.With it we can achieve more.Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, I‟ll think of the experience of waiting for a bus.二．To help or not help
The passage mainly tells us that a man was hurt in a car accident, but people around him, including the writer did nothing to help him, which resulted in the injured man‟s death on the street.After reading the passage, I was completely shocked.As far as I‟m concerned，whenever people are in trouble, we should offer them help regardless of the consequences.If I had been on the spot, I would have called an ambulance and the police without hesitation.Once, I was walking in the street when suddenly a man came up to me and robbed me of my watch.Frightened, I called for help loudly.Just then, a young man shouted, “Stop that guy！”.Finally, people around united and caught the robber.To help or not to help shows a man‟s quality.Wherever you are, if you have a chance to show your good qualities, just do it!Remember, your contribution counts!
三．Hold on to one[„s belief
This passage tells us that Monty Roberts, who had such strong belief that he didn't give up his dream all the time even though he was discouraged, and eventually he succeeded in owning a horse ranch.For a person, belief always plays an important role in his/her life.As a saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Anyone who has strong belief can realize his dream and enjoy a colorful life.Otherwise, he will lose himself on his way of life.Belief is so important that it can change one's fate.As a deaf man, Beethoven went on working with his strong belief in the last years of his life, though he was not able to hear his own fine music.Marie Curie, a famous scientist, also set a good example.In 1898, Marie found a new element.In order to improve her discovery, Marie and her husband worked hard.It was because of their great effort that they saw the dim blue light of new element--radium.Her dream came true at last.From my point of view, it can be seen that one with firmly-held belief is likely to make a great achievement and master his own life.2009高考作文
一． Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China.According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness.He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities.He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.二．Should tourists take photos with animals?
Koalas in wildlife parks can‟t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them.The government is thinking of making the tourists‟ behavior illegal to protect the animals.When people are visiting wildlife parks, they like to take photographs with animals.Reasons for this are varied.Some people may think that taking photos with animals is fun in contrast with taking photos with other persons.Others may think that it will be an interesting experience to take photos with animals during their visit.If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.My life would be greatly affected and I won‟t feel happy at all!I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.However, I don‟t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals.Tourist pay for tickets to visit the wildlife park and it will be a pity for them if they can‟t have a photo with an animal.Perhaps wildlife parks can set some special time and during this time, tourists can take photos with animals.It can both satisfy tourists and protect the animas.2012年调考英语作文
读写任务高分作文：
Ashamed of his mother‟s scar, a boy was disappointed at first when his mother attended the teacher-parent meeting.However, he became moved and regretful after knowing his mother had got the scar when protecting him in a fire.The story above reminds me of my experience.When I was a child, I was distinguished for telling lies.At first, people around me was cheated by me easily, and they didn‟t trust me any more.One night, I caught a brothers for help.However, neither of them wanted to send me to the hospital.At that moment, my mother, who had been ill for years, sent me to the hospital immediately.Consequently, I became well but my mother had to stay in hospital for weeks.If my mother hadn‟t sent me to the hospital, she wouldn‟t have been in a worse condition.What the love she gave me.From then on, I realized that I shouldn‟t lie to others any more and I always tried to behave myself.Gradually, I am no longer what I used to be and always praised by neighbors as a trustworthy girl.What a profound influence my mother have on me!
From my perspective, we children should devote ourselves to our parents in return for their love.Never should we ignore their feelings whenever they are in trouble.Besides , what we can do to please them is that we should try our best to study well and never give up in the face of difficulty.A little boy was ashamed of his mother‟s scar.When his mother attended the parent-teacher meeting, he was disappointed.After knowing the cause of his mother‟s scar, the boy felt ashamed of himself and cried, hugging his mother.There was a time when I was very naughty and always made my mother angry.As a result, many relatives didn‟t like me and sometimes even scolded me without any reasons.One day, I got a fever and my mother took care of me all the time, taking me to the hospital and cooking healthy and my favorite food.At that time, I asked her whether she didn‟t like me, she just replied, “You are the only son who can‟t be taken place of in my heart.‟ Hearing that, I burst into tears.What my mother has done for me makes me know that no matter who you are, no matter who you will be, you‟re just the person who will always be accepted and valued by your parents, in spite of your faults and difficulties.They will be always there to give you hope and courage when you‟re confronted with misfortune and hardships.Therefore, be good to your parents and take care of them.In my opinion, only by realizing our dreams and making a better life for our parents can we live up to their expectations and repay their devoted love.基础写作高分作文：
There are 62 students in my class, and two thirds of them used to take a part time job or are taking one now, working in a shop or a library as well as in a restaurant as waiters.The reasons why they take a part time job are different.Around half of them are for the purpose of solving the financial problems in poor families, while others regard it as a good way to apply their knowledge to social practice as well as enrich their social experience.However, still some students don‟t take a part time job because they are under great stress as a senior three student and they don‟t have time.Besides, the low pay and no permission from parents are also the main reasons why don‟t take a part time job.
第五篇：2012届高考英语 考前冲刺常用短语句型归纳
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1．高考高频动词短语（1）act短语：
act as 担任„„职务，起„„作用 act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act out 表演（对话、故事等）
act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如：
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Green is acting for the old man in his case.(布格林先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短语：
break away 摆脱，脱离
break away from „ 脱离„„，奋力挣脱„„ break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into „ 闯入„„，破门而入
break(sth)off（使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out（战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发
break out in tears 突然大哭
break the rule 违反规定
break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.The car broke down just on my way here.If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem.In spring the icebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短语：
bring about 引起，导致，使发生
bring along 把„„带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复
bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使„„生动/活泼，使„„苏醒（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）
bring down 使„„降低，减少，使„„倒下，使„„落下
bring down / up(the price)降价／提价 [比较：(the price)go down / up 价格下降 /上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒
bring „ to use = put „to use 对„„加以利用
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施„„（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）bring up 抚养，培养，哺育
例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com You’re welcome to bring along a friend.The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation(通货膨胀).American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on(=lead to / result in)headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by his grandparents.（4）call短语：
call at(sp)访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：call on(sb)拜访（某人），访问（某人）] call back 回电话
call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call / shout for help 呼救
call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话
call off 取消
call on / upon 号召 call out 大声呼喊，叫喊
call sb„for short 简称某人„„
call sb names 谩骂某人
call up 给„„打电话，使人想起，号召 例如：
We called at Mike’s house yesterday.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on him tomorrow.I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow;my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短语：
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然相遇 come along 来，随同，进展，加油 come at „ 向„„袭击
come back 回来，想起来，复活
come down 下来，下落，传下 come down to„ 到达，从一处来到另一处
come for„ 来拿，来取
come from„ 来自，出生于
come in 进来，进入
come into being 形成，产生
come into use 使用起来 come off 脱落，从„„离开
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现 come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
come over to„ 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方 come round / around（非正式）来访，串门
come to „ 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒
come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道
come to life（变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知
come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to / into power 当权，上台
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with„ 甘心忍受
come true 变为现实，成为事实
come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来
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http://www.xiexiebang.com come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up with „ 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上 例如：
A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your English is coming along really well.Come along / on!Don’t give up yet!
Come along / on!We’re all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.The airplane came down in that field.Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand(= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?
Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.The bill came to £480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.（6）cut短语：
cut away 切除，剪去
cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减 cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插队
cut „ into pieces / halves 把„„切成碎片/切成两半 cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）cut out 删除，剪下来
cut the cost of „ 降低„„的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉 例如：
He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短语：
do about 处理，应付
do and don’t 要与不要
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http://www.xiexiebang.com do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做实验，做化验
do a word puzzle 猜字谜 do an experiment / experiments 做实验 do away with 废除
do body-building 做健身操
do chores 处理琐事，干家务 do housework 做家务活
do make-up 化妆，打扮
do observations 观察
do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业
do research on„ 从事„„研究工作 do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事 do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 do telephone interviews 进行电话采访 do the laundry 洗衣服
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do up the button 扣纽扣
do well / better in„ 在„„方面干得好/更好 do with 处理，处置，对付
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit;it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短语：
get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国
get a full mark / full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足 get at 意指，本意是
get around = get about 四处走动，活动 get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get away from 逃脱，逃离 get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
get close to 接近
get down 下来，降下
get down on one’s knees 跪下
get down to(doing)sth 开始（做）某事）get in 进入，收获，达到
get in a word 插话 get into„ 进入„„
get sb into„ 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得 get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）
get on 上车，过活
get on / along with„ 进展，与„„相处
get on one’s feet（艰难地）站立起来 get out 离开，出去
get out of 逃避，避免
get over 克服，恢复，原谅
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http://www.xiexiebang.com get up 起床，起身
get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
get to 到达，抵达
get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领 get ready for 为„„做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为„„做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉
get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for„ 想到„„的主意
get the message across 传播信息 get together 相聚，碰头，联欢
get / be used to sth习惯于„„，适应于„„（比较：be used as sth 被用作„„
be used for sth 被用于„„，用来做„„ be used to do sth 被用于做„„ used to do sth 过去常常做）
get / be dressed 穿衣服
get / be engaged(to sb)（与某人）订婚 get / be lost 丢失了，迷路
get / be married(to sb)= marry(sb)（与某人）结婚 get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难 get / be tired of 对„„感到厌倦，对„„失去兴趣（比较：get / be tired for 因„„而感到疲倦）例如：
I’m getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her.The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes.This mistake may get him into difficulties.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.You work too hard!You should get out a bit more.If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.It’s time we got down to work.The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didn’t get up until lunch time.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短语：
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give back 归还，送回
give in 投降，让步，屈服
give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交 give up 放弃，辞去
give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of„ 描述„„
give / make a speech 演讲，讲话 give a talk 演讲，做报告
give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成
give close attention to 密切关注
give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗 give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就„„向某人提出建议/忠告 例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give it away to anyone else;it’s a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.When they made ready to climb the next ridge(山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.（10）go短语：
go abroad 出国
go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背 go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go / walk around 四处走走 go away 走开，离去
go back 回去
go beyond 超越
go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去 go down 下来，落下，倒下
go down on one’s knees 跪下 go for 为„„去，努力获取，主张，适用于 go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步
go for sb 对某人也一样
go in for 参加，喜欢 go into 详细调查
go into details 细说 go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响
go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去 go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续
go / be on diet 在节食
go on(a)holiday 去度假
go on a tour to 去„„观光（游览）go on a visit to 去„„访问（参观）
go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）
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http://www.xiexiebang.com go on with sth 继续某事] go out 熄灭，出去，外出
go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅 go past 从„„的旁边过去
go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with„ 与„„相配
go without 忍受没有„„之苦，没有„„也行，没有„„也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰 go straight along 沿着„„一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成 go to bed（上床）睡觉
go to school / work 上学/上班 go to sea 当水手
go to sleep 入睡
go to town 进城
go to a movie 去看电影
go to the country(side)下乡
go home / there 回家/去那儿
go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生 go bad 变坏 go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用 例如：
No one dared to go against the rules.—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead.I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!Close all the doors and lock them when you go out.The same goes for windows.I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.Let’s go over what we learned last period.Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Something’s gone wrong with my watch;I must have it repaired.（11）have短语：
have a break 休息一下
have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来 have(got)a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧 have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 [比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have a talk with sb(about sth)（就某事）与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话] have a gift for„ 对„„有天赋（比较：have a reputation for„ 有„„名誉/名声）have a good flight（坐飞机）旅途愉快
have a good knowledge of „ 对„„很熟悉，通晓„„ have a good laugh over„ 对„„笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have(great)fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快
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http://www.xiexiebang.com have a / the habit of „= be in a / the habit of„ 有„„的习惯（比较：get into / form the habit of„ 养成„„的习惯 get sb into the habit of„ 使某人养成„„的习惯）
have a hit 风靡一时
have a large population 人口众多
have / take a look 看一看
have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have(got)a pain(in the„)（身体某部位）痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作
have a(good)rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位）have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游泳
have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛 have a test 进行测验
have a try 试一试
have / show an appetite for„ 有„„的欲望或爱好
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定 have an effect on / upon„ 对„„有影响，对„„产生作用（比较：influence„ = affect „ 对„„有影响 have no effect / influence on „ 对„„没有影响 have a good / bad effect on „ 对„„有好/坏影响
have a great / little effect on „ 对„„有很大的影响/影响不大 have a strong influence on„ 对„„有很大影响）
have / take an exam 参加考试
have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of „ 有„„的收入
have access to „ 使用（接近„„的）权利或机会 have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on„ 宽恕„„，对„„仁慈，对„„表示怜悯
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have none of „ 根本不理睬„„
have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物 have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with „ 在„„有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems(in)doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦] have something / nothing in common(with„)（与„„）有共同点／没有共同之处（比较：have much / a lot in common with„ 与„„有许多相同之处 have little in common with„ 与„„几乎没有相同之处）have something / nothing to do with „ 与„„有关／无关 have to = have got to 不得不，必须
例如：
Class is over.Let’s have a break.I’ve got a cough.Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.He stopped to have a look.We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree.Let me have a rest.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Does she have lunch at home？
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.Please come here and have my seat, Granny.He hasn’t had any medicine.At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.（12）hold短语：
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气
hold on 等一等，不要挂电话 hold on to 抓住，保住
hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞 hold together 连在一起，团结一致
例如：
Anger flooded through her.She couldn’t hold it back.—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.Sorry, I’m late.I was held up at work.（13）keep短语：
keep away from 避开，别靠近
keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止„„向前，留下 keep down 控制
keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行
keep out 不得入内
keep„out 把„„挡住，把„„留在外面keep out of „ 不进入„„
keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落 keep up with„ = catch up with„ 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约
keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食 keep a record / records 保持记录
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾
（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）
keep busy doing 忙着做某事
keep fit 保持健康
keep„in mind = learn„by heart = remember„ 把„„记住 keep(on)doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事 keep „ from doing 阻止„„做，不让„„做
stop / prevent„(from)doing 妨碍/预防/阻止„„做，不让„„做] keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep one’s word(s)遵守诺言
keep safe 保持安全
keep silent over „ 对„„保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌
keep watch 保持警戒，站岗
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http://www.xiexiebang.com 例如：
I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.He kept on telling us the same story over and over.You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger!Keep out!Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.The rain kept up all night.I see you are getting along well with your English studies.Keep up the good work.The good news keeps our spirits up.He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短语：
knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）
knock down 把„„撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见 knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人
knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如：
We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr.White.He almost knocked into me before he realized it.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.（15）look短语：
look at 看着，注视，检查
look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子 look after 照顾，照料，照看
look ahead 向前看，展望未来
look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾 look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去
look back on„ 回顾„„，回忆„„
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事 look for 寻找，找
look in 来访，参观 look into„ 往„„里面看，浏览，调查，研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直视着
look like„ 看起来像„„（比较：look the same 看起来像）look on 旁观，观望
look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防 look out for 警惕，留心，找出来 look over„ 翻阅，（仔细）检查
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻
look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心 例如：
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http://www.xiexiebang.com The boy is old enough to look after himself.He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us.Don’t just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out!There is danger ahead.I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短语：
make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）[比较：be made in 在„„生产/制造
be made of 由„„组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）be made from 由„„组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）be made up of = consist of 由„„组成，由„„构成] make out 理解，看清楚
make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成
make up for 弥补，补充，补偿
made up one’s mind 下决心 make a choice 做出选择
make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a comment / comments(on / upon„)（对„„）发表评论
make a(great)contribution to„ 为„„做出（巨大）贡献，为„„捐款
make a decision 做出决定
make a(no)difference（没）有关系/影响 make a face / faces 扮鬼脸
make a fire 生火 make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of „ 愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression(on sb)（给某人）留下好印象 make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误
make(a)noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音 make a note / notes of„ 记录，做笔记，记下来
make a plan(for„)（为„„）制订计划，制订一个（„„的）计划 make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺
make a record 录制唱片，做记录
（比较：record a song 录一首歌
set a world record 创造世界记录）
make(a)suggestion(on „)提出（关于„„）的建议
make a telephone call 打电话
make / take a trip / journey to „ 去某地旅行 make conversation 交谈
make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵
make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
make fun of„ 取笑，嘲笑，和„„开玩笑 make it（事业上）获得成功
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄
make mistake about„ 犯了„„错误
make / earn money 挣钱
make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气 make oneself known 使/让自己出名
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http://www.xiexiebang.com make one’s way to„ 往„„走去 make progress(in „)（在„„方面）取得进步 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of„ 弄懂„„的意思 make sth to(one’s own)measure（按自己的尺寸）定做 make sure 确保，确认，查明
make the adjustment to„ 适应„„
make the / one’s bed 整理床铺
make(full)use of „= make the most / best of „(充分)利用 例如：
Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here.He has just made her up.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短语：
pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）
pass by 通过，从旁边经过 pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传，一代一代传下去 pass on(to sb)转交给(某人)，传给(某人)pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来
pass out 失去知觉，昏厥
pass through 穿过，越过 pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上 pass the examination 通过考试 例如：
Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.（18）pay短语：
pay attention to „ 对„„注意，留心„„
pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复
pay for 付款，付费，付代价（比较：pay a high price for „ 付高价）pay off 还清（欠款）
pay sb a visit 拜访某人 pay the bill 买单，付帐单 例如：
He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（19）pick短语： pick out 挑选，认出
pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）例如：
His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.I’ll pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短语：
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议，推荐
put off 延期，拖延 put on（戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴 put on a performance 演出 put out 扑灭，熄灭，使„„停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产 put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍
put into 使进入，输入，投入
put／translate„into 把„„译成put one’s heart into„ 全神贯注于„„ put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱 put „to use 使用„„，运用„„
put a date to sth 注明日期
（比较：set / fix the date 确定日期 to date 到目前为止）
put an end to „ 结束„„
put „together 把„„放在一起 例如：
We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.The firemen soon put the fire out.The doctor told me to put out my tongue.It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room.Drop your weapons and put your hands up.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.The government is putting more money into education this year.As students, we should put our heart into studies.（21）send短语：
send away 让走开
send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来 send in 寄送某处进行处理
send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）send up 发射，射出，往上送
send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉 send signals by „ 通过„„发送信号 例如：
Get back into bed.I’ll send for the doctor.The ship is in danger;it is sending out an SOS signal.亿库教育网
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http://www.xiexiebang.com The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.（22）set短语：
set about(doing)sth 着手，开始 set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set down 放下，记下
set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 set out(for„)出发往（„„），动身去（„„）
set out to do 开始做，着手做
set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起 set /give a(good)example to„ 为„„树立（好）榜样
set a goal 设定目标
set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧 set foot on / in„ 踏上„„，到达，进入 set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去„„
set sail from 从„„起航 set sb a good example in „ 在„„为某人树立榜样 set sb free 释放某人，解放某人
例如：
As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.They’ve set off on a trip round the world.Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.He was set free after three years in prison.Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.（23）stand短语：
stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人
stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为„„的候选人 stand out 突出，显眼
stand up 起立，站起来 stand still = stay still 站着不动 例如：
CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.（24）take短语：
take after 与某人相像
take along 带领，携带
take „ apart = separate „ 把„„分开 take away 拿走，拿去，使离开
take away from„ 从„„带／拿走 take back 退回，拿回，收回
take down 拿下，记下，记录
take for„ 当作„„，误以为是„„
take in 吸收，接纳，上当
take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销 take on 呈现
take out 拿出，取出 take over 继承，接管，接替
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）
take a bank loan 向银行贷款
take a bath 洗澡
take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险
take a critical attitude towards„ 对„„持批判态度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸 take / have a degree in „ 取得„„学位
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http://www.xiexiebang.com take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育 take a message(to sb)（给某人）捎个口信
比较：leave a message(to sb)（给某人）留个口信 take a photo(of „)（给„„）照相，拍（„„）照片
take a risk / risks 冒险
take a shower 沐浴，洗澡
take a sip 呡一小口
take a taxi to...= go to...by taxi 乘出租车 take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假 take(an)interest in „ 对„„感兴趣
（比较：be into = be interested in 对„„感兴趣 have / show interest in 对„„感兴趣）take advantage of 对„„加以利用
take „ by surprise 对„„突然袭击，出乎„„意料
take care 小心, 注意
take care of 照顾，照看 take effect 生效，奏效
take exercise 运动，活动
take „ for example 以„„为例
take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张 take...into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅（比较：under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中）
take lessons 上课
take notes 做笔记，做记录 take notice of 注意
take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职）
take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动 [比较：take time 花费（时间）] take part 参加
（比较：take part in„ = join in„ = participate in„ 参加„„ take an active part in„ 积极参加„„）take place 发生，出现，举行
[比较：take the place of „ = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）] take pride in „= be proud of„ 对„„感到自豪
take responsibility for „ = be responsible for „ 对„„负起责任 take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱
take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人
（比较：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏）take sb seriously 看重某人
take sb some time to do sth 花费某人„„时间去做某事
take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温 take sth along with sb 随身携带某物 take shelter 躲避
take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人
take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（„„的）行动 take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事 例如：
I’m sorry.I’ll take back what I said.Take care!The car is coming.My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.We can’t have such a big table in this small room.It takes up too much room.（25）think短语：
think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）
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http://www.xiexiebang.com think of 想到，想起，认为，对„„有看法/想法
think out 想出
think over 仔细考虑
think through„ 思考„„直到得出结论 think up 提出，想出，设计出 think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑
think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对„„高度评价 例如：
I’m sorry.I can’t think out your name.When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（26）turn短语：
turn against 转而反对，背叛
turn around / round 转身，转过来 turn „ away 赶走„„，辞退„„，把„„打发走
turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等）turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）turn up 把音量开大，卷起，翻起，发生，出现，到达 turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度），拒绝 turn over 把„„翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想
turn in 交进，上缴，归还
turn into 变成 turn„into„ 把„„变成„„，转变成 turn to„ 转向„„，向„„求助，查阅 turn out 结果是，生产
turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是
turn right / left 向右/向左拐
turn writer = become a writer 成为作家 例如：
Those who were once for him have turned against him.Turn in everything captured（缴获的）.I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.Shall I turn on the bath water for you? He turned the meat over in the pan（平底锅）.They always turn to me when they are in trouble.His attention turned to the pretty young girl.Turn the radio down a little.I can scarcely hear the program.He turned the coat collar（衣领）up because of the wind.Something will turn up to get you out of the difficulty.2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）（l）动词+about tear at 用力撕 speak／talk about 谈论 look at 看，注视 think about 思考 work at 干„„活动（研究）care about 关心，对„„有兴趣 come at 向„„袭击 bring about 引起，使发生 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷 set about 着手，开始 stare at 凝视 come about 发生 glare at 怒视 hear about 听说 glance at 匆匆一瞥 worry about 为„„担心 laugh at 嘲笑（2）动词+at knock at 敲（门、窗等）aim at 向„„瞄准，旨在 point at 指向 run at 冲向，向„„攻击 smile at 冲（某人）笑 call at 拜访(地点)strike at 向„„打击
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http://www.xiexiebang.com shoot at 向„„射击 wonder at 惊讶（3）动词+away die away 逐渐消失
put away 收拾起来，存起来 pass away 去世 wash away 冲走 take away 拿走
give away 背弃，泄漏 send away 让走开
turn away 把„„打发走 wear away 磨掉，消耗 throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走
carry away 拿走，使入迷 clear away 清除掉，消散 break away 摆脱（4）动词+back keep back 隐瞒，忍住 hold back 控制住 give back 归还 call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回 look back(on)回顾（5）动词+down cut down 削减，砍倒
put down 记下，写下，镇压 take down 记下，记录 turn down 调小，拒绝 slow down 慢下来 pass down 传下来
calm down平静下来 burn down 烧毁
tear down 拆毁，拆除 come down 下落，传下
break down 坏了，垮了，分解 bring down 使„„降低，使倒下 settle down 安家（6）动词+from die from 因„„而死 hear from 收到„„来信 learn from 向„„学习differ from 与„„不同 suffer from 受„„苦 result from 由于
separate„from 把„„分离开 亿库教育网keep／stop／prevent„from 不让„„做
date from=date back to 始于„„时期，追溯到（7）动词+for run for 竞选 ask for 要求得到 beg for 乞求 wait for 等候 look for 寻找
call for 需要，要求 hunt for 寻找 long for 渴望
care for 关心，喜欢 seek for 寻找
come for 来拿，来取 apply for 申请
stand for 代表，表示 search for 查找
change„for 用„„换 charge„for 收费，要价 take„for 误以为„„是 hope/wish for 希望得到（8）动词十in
get in 收获，进入 fill in 填写 cut in 插入 join in 参加
look in 来访，参观 hand in 上交 drop in 拜访 give in 让步
take in 接纳，吸收 call in 召集，来访
bring in 引进，使得到收入 break in 强制进入，插话 result in 导致
succeed in 在„„获成功 persist in 坚持（9）动词十into run into 碰到
look into 研究，调查，往里面看 burst into 闯入，进发 turn into 变成
change„into 把„„变成 divide„into 把„„分成
put／translate„into 把„„译成（l0）动词+of
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http://www.xiexiebang.com die of 死于 talk of 谈到 hear of 听说 think of 想到 dream of 梦到 speak of 谈到
consist of 由„„组成 approve of 赞成 complain of 抱怨
become of 发生„„情况，怎么啦（l1）动词+out go out 熄灭
set out 出发，着手 try out 试用，试验 put out 扑灭 run out 用完
let out 泄漏，发出(声音)pick out 选出 hold out 坚持下去
wear out 穿破，使„„疲劳 make out 理解，看清楚
keep out(of)使不进入，挡住 find out 查出，弄明白 work out 算出，想出办法等 send out 发出，派遣
give out 散发，分发，用完 look out 当心，提防 hand out 散发，分发 help out 救助
turn out 结果是，生产 come out 出版，出来 cross out 划掉 burst out 进发 carry out 执行 break out 爆发 point out 指出 figure out 算出
bring out 阐明，使表现出 leave out 省略，删掉 speak out 大胆讲出（l2）动词+over go over 审阅，检查，研究 get over 克服
run over 压死，看一遍 take over 接管，接替 turn over 翻倒，细想 亿库教育网fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滚
look over 翻阅，检查 think over 仔细考虑 watch over 看守，照看（l3）动词十to add to 增添 get to 到达
see to 处理，料理
turn to 向„„求助，查阅 come to 共计，苏醒 lead to 导致，通向 reply to 答复
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅 bring to 使苏醒 agree to 同意 object to 反对 point to 指向 write to 写信给
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与„„）有关 attend to 处理 belong to 属于
supply„to 为„„提供 devote„to 贡献给
stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于 compare„to 与„„相比，把„„比作（l4）三词以上的短语动词 do well in 在„„干得好 make up for 弥补
look down on / upon 轻视 break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近do away with 废除 put up with 忍受
catch up with = keep up with 赶上 fill up with 用„„装满 go on with 继续
get on / along with 和„„相处 look forward to 盼望 look up to 仰望，尊敬 add up to 总计 live up to 依据„„行事；做到；不辜负（期望）get close to 接近get down to 认真开始 set fire to 放火烧 pay attention to 注意
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http://www.xiexiebang.com pay a visit to 访问
take / get / catch hold of 握住 run out of 用完
get out of 逃避，避免 take notice of 注意
take a photo of 拍„„照片 take the place of 取代
set an example to 为„„树立榜样
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3、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）（1）Aa a balance diet 均衡饮食
a best-seller 畅销书
a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微 a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词）[ 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）a handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a(large / great)number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）plenty of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）a bunch of flowers 一束花
a cloud of 一团 a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个
a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周a cup of 一杯
a day or two = one or two days 一两天
a deserted island 荒岛 a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s)健康的饮食 a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家
a kind of 一种，一类
a laid-off worker 下岗工人 a large sum of money 一大笔钱
a length of „ 长„„
a list of 一张„„的清单
a live concert 现场直播的音乐会
a natural disaster 自然灾害
a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包
a pair of 一双，一副
a piece of 一件，一块，一张
a row of 一排，一行
a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套 a set of 一套，一副
a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏
a third of = one third of 三分之一
a total failure 一个彻底的失败者
a total of 总数（量）为
a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行
a variety of = varieties of = various 种种的，种类繁多的
a waste of(time)白费(时间)，浪费(时间)a man of name 知名人士 a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界
after all 毕竟，终究
after a short while 不久以后，没多久
after a time 一段时间以后
after class / work / school 下课/下班/放学之后
all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立
all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然
all day = all day long 全天，终日
all in all 总共，总的来说
all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的all night long 整夜，通宵
all one’s life 终身，一生
all over 到处，遍及，结束
all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整个世界/全国 all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了 all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意
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http://www.xiexiebang.com all the same 一样，同样的all the time 一直
all the way 一路上，一直
all together 一起，总共
all(the)year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头
an invitation to„ 一张„„的请柬/请贴 an expert on „ „„方面的专家
as a consequence / result 结果，因此
as a consequence / result of 作为（„„的）结果，由于„„的结果
as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体
as „ as 像，如同
as „ as possible = as„as one can 尽可能„„地 as far as（表示程度，范围）就/尽„„（=so far as），远至
as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知 as follows如下（用以列举事项）
as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达
as much / many as 多达
as soon as 一„„就„„
as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地 as to / for 至于，关于，就„„而言 as usual 像往常一样
as well 也/还有(= too)，同样地，例外
as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，还，而且 as with...也一样，就像„„
at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）
at a loss 茫然，不知所措
at an early age 年轻时 at any moment / time 随时
[ 比较：after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿 a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前 a moment later 片刻之后
at the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时 at the very moment 就在那一刹那
for a moment = for a while / minute 一会儿 for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前
in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上 the moment / minute(that)...一„„就 „„] at any risk 不顾一切 [比较：at risk 处于危险中
at the risk of(doing sth)冒着（可能做某事）的危险 take / run a risk / risks 冒险
risk one’s life(to do sth)冒着生命危险（做某事）risk doing sth 冒险做某事）] at birth 出生时，一生下来就
at breakfast 在吃早饭
at hand近在手边，在附近
at home 在家
(at)home and abroad 在国内外
at last 终于，最后
at length 最后，终于，详细地
at midnight 在半夜 at night 在夜里，天黑时
at noon 在中午 at once = right away = right now 马上，立即
at one go 一口气
at present = at the present time 现在, 目前
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http://www.xiexiebang.com at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然（比较：by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边 in the sea 在海里 on the sea 在海面上）
at stake 在危险中
at such a great height 在如此高的高度
at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前）at times 偶尔，有时
（比较：at that time 那时
at the same time = meanwhile 同时
at the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合适/不合适/最佳时候）at various academic levels 不同的学术层次
at war 处于战争/交战状态
at work 忙于工作
at the age of...在„„岁的时候
at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间
at the base 在底部
at the(very)beginning of...在„„开始时，在„„之初
at the bottom of 在„„下端/底部
at the cost of 以„„为代价
at the end of 在„„末端，到„„结束时
at the foot of 在„„的脚下
at the front desk 在前台，在服务台
at the head of 在„„最前面
at a high /low price 以高/低价 at the latest 最迟
at(the)least 至少 [比较：at(the)most 最多] at the mercy of 任由„„摆布/控制，在„„的掌握中
at the opening /closing(ceremony)of...在„„开/闭幕式上
at the rate of 以„„的比率
at the side of 在„„的旁边 at the speed of 以„„速度（比较：at full / high speed 高速）
at the top of one’s voice 大声地
at the weekend 在周末
accept „ as„ 认为„„是„„，承认„„是„„，把„„当作„„ [比较：regard „ as„ 认为„„是
treat „ as„把„„ 当作
recognize „ as„ 认为„„是„„
view / see / know „ as„ 认为„„是„„
consider „ as „ / consider „(to be„)认为„„是„„
look on „ as„ 视„„为
refer to „ as„ 把„„视为
think of„ as„ / think „(to be„)认为„„是„„] accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉
accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为„„/ 做某事
achieve one’s goal 达到目的achieve success 获得成功 act as 担任，充当
adapt to（改变以）适应
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于
adapt to the new environment 适应新环境 add to 增加，添加
add „to„ 把„„加到„„上
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add up to 总计达到
adjust to（调整以）适应
adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件
admire sb as„ 钦佩某人是„„
admire sb for„ 钦佩某人的„„，因„„钦佩某人
advance the deadline 提前最后期限
advance towards„ 朝„„前进 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致 [ 比较：agree on sth 对„„达成共识 agree to(the plan)同意（计划等）] aim at 向„„瞄准，旨在，针对
allow for 顾及，为„„做准备 answer for„ 对„„负责
apologize to sb(for sth)= make an apology to sb(for sth)（因某事）向某人道歉 appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉
appeal to their emotions 投合他们的喜好 apply for 申请，请求
apply to 应用，适用
appoint sb as„ 任命某人当„„
approve of 赞成
argue about 争论某事
argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论
arrive in / at 到达某地
ask after sb 问候某人
ask for 要求得到
ask for a day off 请一天假
ask for a leave 请假
associate„with„ 把„„与„„联系起来 attach to 加在„„之上，使喜爱，使依恋，参加，附着
attempt to do sth 试图做某事
attend school / university 上学/上大学 attend the meeting 出席会议
attend to 处理，照顾，关照，倾听 attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意 above all 首要的是，尤其是
according to 根据
action film / movie 动作片
advanced mathematics 高等数学 again and again 一次又一次，一再，反复
against the wall 靠着墙
ahead of„ 优于，超过，比„„早，在„„的前面
alarm clock 闹钟
along with„ 和„„一起
and so on 等等
and things like that „„之类的东西 another day 改天
any more 再，又 apart from 除„„都，除„„以外
around the corner 在拐角处，即将来临
（比较：on the way = in store 即将来临 draw near 即将来临，就要来临，逼近）（2）Bb be after 寻找，追踪，追求
be /act against 违背，违反，反对 be from 从„„来，是„„人
be next to 在„„隔壁，紧挨着„„ be off / leaving 离开
be out（灯火）熄灭，（人）外出 be out of 没有，用完
be up 起床
be up against 面对
be up to sb 由某人决定
be up to sth 忙于某事，从事于
be upon 逼近，临近
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http://www.xiexiebang.com be anxious about „ 为„„而忧虑/着急/担心（比较：be anxious for „ 渴望，非常希望
be concerned about / for„ 为„„而忧虑/着急/担心
be concerned about / with„ 对„„关切/关注/感兴趣）be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，当心 [比较：be careful(not)to do sth 小心（不）做某事] be clear about 对„„清楚
be crazy about 对„„着迷 be curious about = have the curiosity about 对„„感到好奇
be excited about 对„„ 感到兴奋
be particular about 对„„挑剔
be amazed at 为„„感到惊讶
be experienced at 对„„有经验
be present at 出席
be shocked at 对„„感到震惊 be common for 对„„来说是很普通的
be eager for „ = long for„ = be dying for„ 渴望得到„„（比较：be eager to do sth 急着想做某事）be famous for 因„„而闻名，由于„„而出名（比较：be famous as 作为„„而闻名 be famous to 对„„来说很出名）be fit for = be suitable for 适合
be good / bad for sb 对„„有好处/坏处
（比较：be good at 善于„„，擅长于„„，在„„方面做得好 be good to sb 对某人友好
do good to sb = do sb good 对某人有好处
do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害，伤害某人）be honored for„ 因„„受到尊敬 be intended for 为了 be late for 迟到（比较：be late with sth 某事做得晚）
be to blame for 因„„受到责备
be carved in rock 被刻在岩石上
be caught in(a rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake)突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）
be confident in 在„„方面自信
be effective in 在„„方面有效
be fluent in(a language)在（某一门语言）方面很流利
be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be poor / low in 在„„方面不足 be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速
be rich / high in 在„„方面丰富
be set in 以„„为背景
be strong in heart and mind 意志坚强，头脑聪明
be trapped in 被困在„„（比较：be trapped by 被„„所困）
be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐惧（比较：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）be ashamed of 为„„感到羞愧/惭愧
be aware of 意识到，知道
be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 爱好，喜欢
be full of = be filled with 充满了，装满 be jealous of 嫉妒
be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少 be sure of / about 对„„有把握
be uncertain of / about 对„„没把握
be accustomed to(doing)sth习惯于„„
be addicted to 沉溺于
be loyal to = be faithful to = be devoted to 忠诚于
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be reduced to 30% 减少到百分之30%（指最后的结果）
[比较：be reduced by 30% 减少了百分之30%（指与原来相对而言）] be similar to 与„„相似，与„„相像 be angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的气
be armed with 以„„武装
be burdened with 为„„所累 be busy with sth 忙于某事
（比较：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事
be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）
be covered with / by 被„„所覆盖
be crowded with 挤/塞满了„„ be diagnosed with 被诊断为
be equipped with 具有，装有„„设备，为„„做好准备
be faced with 面临„„，面对„„
be familiar with 对„„很熟悉
be fed up with 对„„感到厌倦
be honest with 对„„诚实 be mean with 对„„吝啬
be pleased / satisfied with 对„„感到满意
（比较：be content with 对„„感到满意，满足于„„ be content to do sth 愿意做某事）
be popular with 受到„„的欢迎 be pressed with 被刻印/铸压上
be strict with sb 对某人严格要求（比较：be strict in sth 对某事严格要求）be surrounded with / by 被„„围绕 be about to do sth 正要做某事
be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事
be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 决心做„„
be due to do sth 预定/到期应该做某事（比较：due to sth 因为/由于„„）
be forced to do sth 被迫做某事
be free to do sth 任意去做，悉听尊便
be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事 be supposed to do 被认为/被期望/应该做某事
be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事 be able to do 能，会
be absent from 缺席，旷课
be asleep 睡着（比较：be awake 醒着）
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖
be badly off 潦倒，贫困（比较：be well off 富有）
be badly treated 受到虐待
be born 出生，出世 be / become endangered 频临危险
be in contact with 与„„有交往
（比较：make contact with 与„„联络 lose / break contact with 与„„失去联系
lose touch with = be out of touch with 与„„失去联系
be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 与„„保持联系 get in touch with = get into contact with sb 与„„取得联系 bring „ into touch with 使„„接触，使„„认识
keep track of„ 与„„保持联系，了解„„的动态，记录„„）
be in possession of = take possession of 持有，拥有，占有，占领
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession of sb 被某人占有/拥有
come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/拥有）be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人经营/照顾（比较：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顾）
be mentally disturbed 精神失常
be of benefit 有利的，有好处的 be of(no)effect 有（无）效
be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形状各异（比较：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形状相同）be of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性
be of high / good quality 高质量的（比较：be of poor quality 质量糟糕的）
be of(no)use 有（无）用
be on good terms(with sb)与某人关系好 be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的be upset 沮丧，伤心
be well received 很受欢迎
be(well)worth doing（很）值得做 [比较：be worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）„„] by accident = by chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外
by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飞机/小船/公共汽车/火车
by and by 不久以后，逐渐地
by appointment 按约定
by choice 出于选择（比较：for choice 要选就选）
by day / night 白天/ 晚上
by fax 通过传真
by force 靠武力
by hand = with one’s hands 手工
by law 根据法律
by mail 通过邮寄
by means of(doing)sth 通过，借助于„„手段（比较：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切 by no means = in no way 决不，一点也不 by this means = in this way 用这种方法）by mistake = in error 由于错误或疏忽，错误地
by weight 按重量计算（比较：by the hour / day 按小时/天计算）by the end of 到„„结束为止，到„„底为止
by the nearest exit 从最近的出口出去
by the side of 在„„附近by the time 到„„的时候（后接状语从句）by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
[ 比较：by way of „ 经由，经过, 通过„„的方法 in a way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上 in no way 决不, 一点也不
in the / sb’s way 挡道，妨碍
in this / that way 以这种/那种方式，这样／那样 in „ way = in the way of 以„„的方式 this / that way 这样/那样（直接做状语）
on one’s way here / there / home(adv.)在（到这里/去那里/回家）的路上 on one’s way to doing sth 即将做某事
on one’s way to someplace(n.)在去某地的路上 on the way 在路上，在来/去的行进中
on the way home 在回家的路上，即将来临 out of the way 不挡道
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fight one’s way 挣扎着前进，经（奋斗或努力）开路或获得（某事物）find one’s way to 设法找到去„„的路 lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 朝„„走去 push one’s way 挤过去
struggle one’s way 艰难地行进] base on sth 以„„为基础（比较：be based on / upon 以„„为基础）
beg for 乞求
become of 发生„„情况，怎么啦 believe in 信赖，信任，信仰(真理，宗教，原则)，支持，赞成 bend over 弯腰，俯身
benefit from = profit by / from 从„„吸取教训，从„„中获益 blow away 吹走
blow out 吹灭
blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹灭
brush one’s teeth 刷牙 build up 逐步建立，增进，增加，加强，扩大
burden sb / oneself with sth 加负担于某人 / 自己
burn down 烧毁，烧成平地
burn down„ to the ground 把„„烧成平地 burn up 消耗，烧掉
burst into 闯入，突然破门而入 burst into sth = burst out doing 迸发，突然而猛烈地产生某种情况（比较：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 burst into tears 眼泪夺眶而出 burst into cheers 突然欢呼）
burst out(doing)迸发出来，突然开始（做）
bed time 就寝时间
Beijing Opera 京剧 before long 不久以后（比较：long before 很久以前）
belong to sb / sth 属于某人/某事
below / above zero 零度以下/上 body building 健美
body language 身势语
boiled water 开水
both „ and „ 两个都，既„„又„„ business hours 营业时间
bus station / stop 汽车站/公共汽车站 but for 如果不是，倘若不是
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。（3）Cc calculate the distance between„ 计算出„„的距离
calm down平静，镇定
can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
card games 纸牌游戏 care about 对„„感兴趣，关心，担心（比较：care for 喜欢，关怀，照顾，照料 care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做 care to do sth 愿意做）
carry away 拿走，使入迷
carry off 夺走，携走
carry on 继续进行，坚持下去
carry on research 进行研究
carry out(an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey)开展或执行（实验/计划/命令/调查）
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catch a glimpse of 瞥见 catch fire = be on fire 着火，开始燃烧
catch / find sb doing sth 发现/发觉某人正在做某事
cause damage to„ 对„„造成破坏
cell phone 移动电话，手机 centre on / upon„ 将„„当做重点或中心
（比较：centre / concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）
chain stores 连锁店
change A for B 用A换B change A into B 把A变成B，把A转换成B change one’s mind 改变主意
charge„ for 收费，要价
charge sth with„ 使某事物充满„„（情感）（比较：be charged with 充满„„）chat on line 网上聊天
check in 登记，报到
check out 查明，核查，结帐
check information 审核情况
cheer sb on 为某人加油
cheer sb up 使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来 chemical factory 化工厂
child laborer 童工
Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣诞卡/树/前夕 classical music 古典音乐 classify „ into „ 把„„分类成„„
clean out 清除，打扫干净 clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打扫，整理 clear up 打扫卫生，梳理整齐，（天气）放晴，露出喜悦的表情 close friends 密友
close down 倒闭 close up（尤指暂时）关闭，使靠近
close to 靠近，接近
combine„with„ 把„„和„„结合起来 comment on / upon„ 对„„进行评论 commit the / a crime 犯罪
common sense 常识，情理 communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知晓，传送某事物给某人
communicate with„ 与„„交流/联络 compare notes 交换意见，交流看法 compare „ to„ 把„„比作„
compare with „ 与„„相比
compete against„ 与„„相对抗 compete for„ 为„„而竞争
compete in 参加（竞赛）
compete with„ 与„„竞争/比赛 complain of 抱怨„„
computer / video games 电子游戏 congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事
connect to 连接，相连（比较：be connected to 与„„有关系）connect with „ 与„„相连接
contribute to 有利于，贡献，捐款给，为„„投稿
cool off 变凉，冷却，冷
copy sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的样子做 cover an entire continent 覆盖整个大陆 cover the events 采访事件，报道事件 create a positive / negative effect 产生积极/消极的作用/影响
cross out 划掉
crowd around（许多人）围着
cultural relics / sites 文化古迹
current affairs 时事
Cheer up.振作起来。提起精神。Come on!来！快呀！（4）Dd dance to the music 伴随音乐起舞
date from = date back to 始于„„时期，追溯到
day after day 日复一日（强调重复）
day by day 一天天地（强调逐渐变化）
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deal with = do with 处理，解决，对付 depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，信赖，靠„„来决定 develop a lifelong friendship with sb 与某人成为终身朋友 develop the photos 冲洗照片
devote „ to„ 把„„贡献给„„，献身于„„，专心于„„ [比较：be devoted to(doing)sth 投身于 be devoted to sb 喜欢某人] die away 逐渐消失，减弱（以至感觉不到），淡化 die down 逐渐降低，减弱，消失，平息
die from 因„„而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某种具体疾病）
die of(illness, hunger, grief, etc.)因„„而死，死于（疾病，饥饿，悲伤等情感内因）
die off 一一死去，先后死去
die out = become extinct 灭绝，绝迹，消失
differ from = be different from 与„„不同，区别于 dig up 挖出，掘起
dining room 餐厅 dip into sth 把„„放入液体中，浏览，翻阅
display one’s deep sympathy 表达某人深切的同情
distinguish A from B 显示A和B（两者）的差别，使A和B有所不同（比较：distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别A 和B）divide „ into 把„„分成，使„„分隔开
divide up 分配
double one’s efforts 加倍努力 dozens of 几十
draw a conclusion 得出结论 draw attention to 对„„表示注意
draw back 后退
draw up 起草，拟定
dream of 梦到
dream of / about doing sth 梦想做某事 dress up 化装打扮，乔装打扮
dress up as„ 打扮／装饰成„„
drink a toast 祝酒
drink to sb / sth 为„„而干杯或祝福
drive off 击退, 把（车）开走
drop by 访问，拜访
drop in 顺便走访，拜访
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人
drop in at sp 顺便拜访某地 drop off 放下（某物），下车
drop out(of„)（从竞赛、活动等）退出，辍学 drop sb a line 给某人写短信
during the day 在白天
during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世纪80年代
during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中（5）Ee each other 互相，彼此（比较：one another 相互，彼此）
earn / make / gain a / one’s living 谋生
earn / make money 挣钱，赚钱 eat up 吃完，吃光
either„or „ 或者„„或者„„，要么„„要么„„ [比较：neither „ nor „ 既不„„也不„„
not„but„ 不是„„而是„„
not only „but also„ 不仅„„而且„„（前句用于句首时，须倒装）] end up with „ 以„„结束/告终
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：begin / start with 以„„开始 close with 以„„结束/告终
end up 结束，告终，最后得到„„的结局/下场 end in failure / prison 以失败/坐牢而告终.end in a tie 以平局结束）
engage to sb 与某人订婚
English-speaking countries 说英语的国家 enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利
enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得开心 escape from 免于/逃脱„„，从„„泄露出
every day 每天
everyday use 日常使用 every few years 每隔几年
（比较：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年
every two years = every second year = every other year 每两年，每隔一年)every now and then 不时地
ever since 从„„以来，从那时起
except for 除了„„之外
exchange student 交换生 exist in 存在于„„
experience life 体验生活 experiment with 进行实验，进行试验
explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth 向某人解释某事
express oneself 表达自己的意思
Excuse me.对不起。Everything / All goes well.一切顺利。（6）Ff face to face 面对面(比较：hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联)
fail in doing sth 没做成某事
fail to do sth 无法做某事 fall asleep 入睡（比较：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)fall behind（成就，成绩）落后于
fall down 摔下来，倒塌
fall in love with sb 爱上某人（比较：be in love with sb 与某人相爱）fall into 陷入，落入
fall off 跌落，下降
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
fall to / into pieces 垮台，崩溃，解体，倒塌
fairy tale 童话
family name 姓氏
family tree 家谱
fax machine 传真机 far away 遥远，很远
far from„ 远离„„
fasten / tie „ to„ 把„„栓/别在„„上feast on sth 宴饮，尽情地享受„„
feed „ on 喂养，饲养（比较：feed on / upon „ 以„„为食）
feel down 感到闷闷不乐
feel like doing sth 想做某事 feel well / terrible / better / weak 感觉好/糟/好些/虚弱 fight against 与„„作斗争／打架／打仗 fight for sth 为„„而斗争，争取获得某事物 fight over 为„„而战，因„„而争吵/争斗
fight sb / sth off 抗击某人/某事物，击退某人/某事物 fight with 与„„并肩作战
figure out 理解，想明白，算出
fill in 填空，填写 fill out 把„„填好
fill with 用„„填充 fill A with B 把B装进A里，把A装满B fill up with„ 用„„装满
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fire escapes 安全梯
fire exit 安全出口 first aid 急救
fish farms 渔场 fit in 被他人接受，相处融洽
fit in(with sb / sth)与（某人/某事物）相适应/相协调 fix a time / date for 为„„确定时间/日期
fix up 搭起，安装，修理，修补
folk song 民歌
follow customs 随俗，按照习惯
follow sb’s instructions 遵从某人的指示
follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告 follow the rules 按照规则去做 forget about 忘记了
for a period of several weeks / months 在几周/几个月的一段时间里 for ever = for good 永远
for example = for instance 例如(比较：such as „ 例如„„，像„„这样)for free = free of charge = without payment 免费（比较：at one’s own charge / expense 自费）
for once 就这/那一次
for one thing„, for another 首先„„，其次„„
for the first time 第一次，初次，首先
[比较：at first = in / at the beginning 起初，首先 at first sight 第一眼，乍一看，初见之下 first of all 第一，首先，最重要
in the first place（用于列举理由时）首先，第一，原先 the first time 第一次，初次（后接状语从句）] for the reason 因为
for the sake of 由于，为了„„的利益，为了„„起见 free from 不受„„的影响，没有„„的
from now on 从现在开始，今后 from then on = from that moment on 从那时起 from „ to „ 从„„到„„
from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔 from one country to another = from country to country 从一个国家到另一个国家 from one generation to another 一代接一代地
full dress 盛装
further education 进修，深造（7）Gg gain weight = put on weight 发福，增加体重，增肥（比较：lose weight 减肥）gas station 加油站
generally speaking 总的来说，一般来说 gift money 压岁钱
given / first name 名字 glance at 匆匆一瞥
glare at 怒视
graduate from„ 毕业于„„
greenhouse effect 温室效应 green tea 绿茶
grow up 生长，长大 grow up to be„ 长大后成为„„
Good luck!祝你好运！Good morning / afternoon / evening!早上/下午/晚上好！（8）Hh had better(do)最好（做）
hand down 流传下去 hand in 交上去，提出，面交
hand out 散发，分发，发放
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hang up 挂断电话 hang out（俚语）闲逛
harmony with others 与其他人和睦相处，与其他人相处和谐
hear about / of 听说，知道
hear from sb 收到某人来信
heart and soul 全心全意地
here and there 各处，处处，四处
help sb out 救助，帮助某人解决困难，帮助某人摆脱困境
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
high school 中学，高中
hit sb on the head / in the face 打某人的头部/脸部
hold／keep / stick to 坚持，忠于
hold together 连在一起，团结一致 home cooking 家常做法
home village 家乡
hope / wish for 希望得到，对„„怀着希望
host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会
hour after hour 一小时又一小时 how many / much 多少（可数名词）/多少钱（或不可数名词）
how far 多远
how long多久
how often 多久一次，多常
how old 几岁
human being 人，人类
hundreds of 几百，成百上千的
hunt animals 狩猎
hunt for = search for 搜寻，寻找
hurry up 赶快，快点
Hands up.举起手来。
Help oneself to sth 请随便吃。
How are you? 你（身体）好吗？ How do you do!你好！
How is it going? 情况怎么样？ Here you are.给你。（比较： There you are.你来了。）（9）Ii ice cream 冰淇淋
iced tea 冰茶
ice skating 滑冰
ID card 身份证 if necessary = if it is necessary 如果需要的话
if only 要是„„就好了（常用于虚拟语气）impress on sb 给某人留下好印象
（比较：be impressed by / with 对„„留下印象）in a few days = in a few days’ time 几天后
in a flash 立刻，很快，立即
in a good mood 心情好
in a hurry = hurriedly 匆忙地
in a row 一个接一个地，连续不断地 in a slightest 一点也，根本
in a „ state 处在„„的状态/情况下 in a straight line 沿着直线
in a very short while 马上，立刻 in a whisper 小声地
in a word 总之，简言之，一句话
（比较：in other words 换句话说，换言之 in one’s own words 用自己的话说）
in an act of revenge 作为报复
in all = in total = altogether 总共，总之 in class 在课堂上
in common 共同，共有 in condition = in good health 身体好，身体健康（比较：out of condition = in poor health身体不好 in bad / good condition 处于坏的/好的状态）in darkness 处于一片漆黑
in danger 处于危险中
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http://www.xiexiebang.com（比较：out of danger 脱离危险
in danger of 面临„„的危险）
in debt 欠债
in demand 有需要的 in detail 详细地
in disorder 混乱 in English 用英语（表达）
in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact事实上，实际上 in general 一般说来，通常
in history 在历史上 in hospital / prison / church 住院/坐牢/做礼拜 in „ order = in order of 按顺序
in order to do = so as to do 以便，为了，为的是（so as to do不置于句首）
in peace = peacefully 安静，宁静
in public 当众，公开地，公然，在公共场所 in return 作为回报
（比较：in turn 转而，反过来，轮流）
in silence 安静地，无声地
in society 在社会上 in space 在太空（比较：in outer space 在外层空间，在外太空）in store 贮藏着，准备着，就要来到
in style 流行的，时髦的
（比较：out of style = out of fashion = out of date 过时的 come into fashion = be in fashion 流行的）in surprise / astonishment 吃惊，惊讶地 in time 及时（比较：on time 准时）
in trouble 处于困境中
in use 在使用中 in vain 徒劳，白辛苦
in chains（指囚犯）用链锁住的，不自由，被囚禁
in ruins 成为废墟
in tears 哭泣，掉泪 in other aspects 从其他方面
（比较：in terms of 就„„而言
in large amounts 大批地，大量地
in the eyes of 在„„看来)in anxiety of 担心，担忧 in case of 假使，以防
（比较：in case 万一，以免
in that case 既然那样，假若是那样的话）in front of 在（某人/某物）前面
（比较：in the front of 在„„的前部 in front 在前方，在正对面）
in honour of 出于对„„的敬意，为庆祝/纪念„„
in praise of 称赞，赞赏
in search of 寻找 in spite of = despite = regardless of 尽管，不管
in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
in want / need of „ 需要，缺少„„ in agreement with 与„„意见一致
in conversation with 与„„谈话中 in harmony with 与„„协调
in relation to 与„„有关的 in reply to 回答，答复，回应
in exchange for 交换，互换 in the direction of 朝„„的方向（比较：in all directions 四面八方）
in the form of 以„„的形式
in the heart of 在„„的中心/核心部分
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in the name of 以„„的名义，代表（比较：name „ after 给„„取名，命名）in the process of 在„„的过程中
in the day / daytime 在白天 in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后，终于 in the future 在未来，将来（比较：in future 以后，今后）in / during / over the last / past ten years 在过去的十年
in the past = in the old days 在过去
in / during the rush hour 在交通高峰期
in ancient / modern times 在古代/现代
in the air 在空中 in the open air 在户外
in the rain 在雨中，冒雨 in the shade 在阴凉处
in the sun 在太阳下
in the wild 在野外，在自然环境下
in one’s(personal)opinion 依某人之见 in one’s teens 十几岁时
in one’s youth 年轻时
information desk 问讯处
instead of„ 代替„„，而不是„„，作为„„的替换（比较：rather than 而不是）insist on sth / doing sth 坚持某事/坚持做某事
intend to do sth 打算做某事
intend sth for „ 把某物供给„„用（比较：sth be intended for„ 供„„用）involve sb in„ 使某人参加，使某人陷入„„（困境），使某人牵涉到„„（比较：be involved in„ 参与，有关联，忙于某事）It depends.=That / It(all)depends.要看情况而定。
I dare say„.我认为„„。我估计„„。I’m sorry.对不起。（10）Jj join hands 携手，联手，合伙
join in 参加，加入
join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起做某事 join the line 排队 join up 联合起来
judge sb by sth 依据某事物判断某人，断定，认为（比较：be judged by 靠„„来判断）junk food 垃圾食品
just as 恰如 just now 刚才，现在just so-so 一般 just then 正在那时（11）Kk kick the habit 戒除某嗜好
kind of 稍微，有点儿 know about 对„„了解
know of 听说过
（12）L labor force 劳动力
lack of sleep 缺少睡眠
later on 后来，随后，以后
laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑
lay down one’s life 献出生命
lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗
lay the table 摆桌子
lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 过着舒适的/活跃的生活 lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead to = result in 通往，导致
learn about„ 了解，学习有关„„知识 learn „(all)by himself = teach „oneself 自学„„ learn from„ 向„„学习，从„„中学习
leave alone 不管，不打扰，不理会，随„„去
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leave out 省略，删掉，不考虑 leave sb by himself 把某人独自留下
leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 离开学校，辍学，毕业 less than 少于，不足
let down 不支持，使失望，使沮丧 let in 放进，让„„进来
let out 放掉，泄露，发出(声音)lie down 躺下
lie in 在于，位于 lie to sb 对某人撒谎
light bulb 电灯泡
light a fire 点火
light up 照亮，使放光彩，点上（烟）吸起来 limit „ to „ 把„„限制在„„
listen to 听„„
little by little 逐渐地
live in poverty 生活在贫困线上 live life on the go 过着忙碌的生活
live on 以„„为主食，靠„„谋生，继续存在，继续活着
live one’s dream = try to realize one’s dream 努力实现梦想 live through 活过，经过（困难，危险）之后仍旧活着 live up to 依据„„行事，做到，不辜负（期望）
live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望 live with 忍受，与„„一起住
lock sb up 将某人监禁起来，将某人锁于某处不得进出 lose control = be out of control 失去控制
lose heart 失去信心，泄气，灰心 lose one’s life 牺牲某人的生命 lose one’s sight / voice 失明 / 失声
Let me see.让我想想。（13）Mm major in 主修，专研
match „with „ 把„„和„„相配 main course 主菜
man-made satellite 人造卫星
means of transport 交通方式 medical care 医疗保健
midfield player 中场球员
Middle East 中东
millions of 成百上千万
miss one’s turn 错过
mistake / take A for B 错把A当成B mix up 混合在一起
mix „with „ 把„„和„„混合 mobile phone 可移动电话 morning paper 晨报
movie stars 电影名星
more and more 越来越多
more or less 或多或少
more than = not only 不仅，不只，多于，十分（比较：more A than B 与其说B，不如说是A no more than = only 仅仅，只不过 not more than 不超过，至多）most of 大多数
multiply „ by „ „„乘以„„
musical styles 音乐风格 My goodness!天啊！（14）Nn native language = mother tongue 母语
neck and neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下，不相上下
next time 下次
next to 紧接着，相邻，在旁边，次于
nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九
no doubt 无疑地 no longer / more = not„any longer / more 不再，已不
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not as / so„ as 不像，不如
not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非（比较：not a little = very much 很，非常）not later than 不迟于
not „till / until„ 直到„„才„„ now and then 偶尔，时而
now that 既然
Nice to meet / meeting you.很高兴见到你。（15）Oo obey / break the rules 遵守／违反规定 obey / observe the law 遵守法律 object to 反对
occur to sb 使某人突然想到 offer advice about / on „ 提出关于„„的建议
of course 当然
of late = lately 最近，近来
of one’s own 属于自己的（比较：on one’s own = by oneself 独自，单独地）on a large scale 大规模地，大范围地 on a team 在一队/组，加入一队/组 on(an / the)average平均，按平均计算 on an open fire 露营
on all sides 在各方面，到处
on and on 不停地，不断地
on condition that = if 如果
on board 在（船/飞机）上
on business 出差
on display 展览，陈列 [比较：on show 展出，在上演（放映）] on duty 值日，值班
on earth 在地球上，究竟 on end 直立，竖立
on foot 步行
on holiday 在度假
on purpose = by accident 故意地 on sale 上市，出售，廉价出售，减价 on watch 值班，守望
on the air 正在播出的
on the contrary 相反地，反之
on the front page 在头版
on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四处奔走 on the Internet 在互联网上
on the march 在游行
on the phone 在通话，用电话交流 on the point of 就在„„的时候
on / over the radio 通过收音机
on the top of 在„„的顶端
on one’s arrival / return（某人）一到达/回来
on(the)one hand„, on the other hand „ 一方面, 另一方面
once in a while 偶尔，有时
once more / again 再一次
once upon a time 从前，很早以前 one day（过去/将来）有一天，某一天 one after another 一个接一个
one by one 一个一个地，逐一 one-child policy 独生子女政策
opera house 歌剧院，艺术剧院 open up 打开，开启，开创，开辟，开设，开放
operate on sb 给某人动手术
opposite to 在„„对面 or else 否则，要不然
or rather 或者
or so 大约，„„左右
ought to 应当，应该
out of 由„„里面向外，在„„之外
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of danger 脱离危险 out of order 运转不正常，出毛病
out of work 失业
out of one’s reach 够不着
over and over again 多次，反复地，一再 over there 在那边
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把„„归功于，感谢，欠（债）owe thanks to sb for sth 因为某事感谢某人
（16）Pp parking lot 停车场
pay phone（投币式）公用电话
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pencil case 文具盒，铅笔盒
pencil sharpener 转笔刀，削笔刀 people with disabilities = disabled people 残疾人
personal affair 隐私
persist in 坚持
phone number 电话号码
physical education 体育
pile of(homework)一大堆（作业），一大批，一大团
places of(great)interest 名胜
pop music 流行音乐
post office 邮电局
play against „ 同„„比赛
play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色
play a part / role in „ 在„„中起作用 play a trick on sb 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人 play football / basketball 踢足球／打篮球
play the piano 弹钢琴
play with 玩耍，游戏
primary school = elementary school 小学 point at 指示，指向
point to 指向
point out 指出，使注意
prefer A to B 相比B更喜欢A
prepare sth 准备
prepare for sth 为某事做好准备
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备 produce / make electricity 发电
protect sb from / against „ 保护某人免受„„(伤害等)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
（比较：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人主动提供某物）
pull down 拆毁，拆除，摧毁，推翻
pull on 随便穿上 pull out of 从„„中退出，（火车）驶离车站，从„„拉出来 pull sb up 把„„往上拉，把„„拉上来
push open 推开
push(sth)over（使车船等）闪到一边 pros and cons 赞成与反对，正面和反面 pretty well 相当好，几乎，差不多（17）Qq quarrel with sb(about sth)（因某事）和某人吵架/争吵 quite a few 许多，大量
quite a lot / a bit 许多，大量（18）Rr raise money for(good cause)为（做好事）而筹款
rank high / low 排名高/排名低
rank third 位居第三
rather than 宁可，而不是，非，与其„„宁愿„„
raw material 原料
record card 成绩单
record holder 记录保持者 reach out(for sth)伸手去（拿，碰）
reach out(to sth)伸出手以触到或抓到、拿到某物
read about 读到有关„„
receive / get one’s doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
recommend „ to sb 向某人推荐„„
refer to 提到，查询，参阅，指的是，谈到，涉及，有关
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，与„„有关（比较：be related to 与„„有关联/关系）remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 reply to 答复 respond to 回应，反映，响应
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ring back 给某人回电话
ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话
ring up sb = ring sb up 给某人打电话 rise / come to fame 成名
roll over 翻滚，倒转 round up 使集合在一起，使聚拢
rock band 摇滚乐队
roller skating 滑旱冰
running water 自来水 ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使„„变成废墟 run after 追赶，追求，追逐，在„„之后跑
run at 冲向，向„„攻击
run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控
run away from school =drop out of school 逃学 run for 竞选
run into / across = come across = meet „by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇见 run off 跑掉，迅速离开
run out of sth 用完„„ [比较：(sth)run out 耗尽，用光，用完] run over 压死，看一遍，跑过去
run a business 做生意
run / start a restaurant 开餐馆
rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦乐乎，使某人忙得不可开交 rush out 冲出去
rush through 掠过，快速通过（19）Ss satisfy / meet the needs of „ 满足„„的需要
save money 存钱
save sb’s life 挽救某人的生命
say “no” to „ 拒绝，否认，不同意 say thanks to „ 向„„表示感谢 say to oneself 心里想，自言自语
school day 学校上课时
school play 校园剧
school things 学习用具
school / field trip 郊游
search for 搜查，寻找，查找
self rescue 自救
see for oneself 自己去看，亲眼看
see sb off 为某人送行（比较：meet sb 接某人）
see to 处理，料理，照顾
see to it that„= make sure that„ 确保，务使
seek after 追求
seek for 寻找
sell out 卖完，出卖
sense of responsibility 责任感 sentence / beat sb to death 判处某人死刑 / 把某人打死 separate „ from „ 把„„和„„分离开
serve as 作为，当作
serve in the army 服役
serve the dishes 上菜
serve the people 为人民服务 settle an argument about„ 解决关于„„的争论 settle down 定下心来，安家落户，定居，平静下来
settle for 勉强同意，接受
settle in（使）习惯（环境等），定居 settle up 付清，结账
shake hands with sb 和某人握手 share(in)sth 分享
share sth with sb 与某人分享„„ shop assistsant 售货员
short wave 短波 shoot at 向„„射击
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http://www.xiexiebang.com shout at(sb)冲(某人)嚷嚷 [比较：smile at(sb)冲（某人）笑]
show off 炫耀
show up 出席，露面
show respect for sb 对某人表示尊敬
show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事
show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人进来
show sb to the door 带某人到门口
shut down 关闭，把„„关上
shut up 闭嘴
silver screen 银幕
sign an agreement with„ 与„„达成协议
sit down = be seated 坐着，坐下
sit up 熬夜
side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持 social problems 社会问题
soft drink 清凉饮料，软饮料
solar system 太阳系
soup opera 肥皂剧，连续剧
so far = up till now 到目前为止
some day 将来某一天，来日
some „ , others „ 一些„„，另一些„„ sooner or later 迟早，终归
sound like 听起来像„„ space / train station 太空／火车站
speed skating 速滑 speak about 谈论，交谈
speak against 发表抨击
speak of 谈到
speak out 大胆讲出 speak to 谈话，与„„通话
speed by 飞驰而过 speed up 加快速度（比较：slow down 减缓，减速，慢下来）spend „(in)doing sth 花（钱，时间）做某事
spend „on sth 在„„花费（钱，时间）spread out 伸开，铺开
stage name 艺名
standing room 立足之地
stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地
straight away 立刻地，毫不犹豫地 stare at 凝视，盯着看
start a fire 引起火灾
starve to death 饿死
stay away 不在家，外出
stay away from„ 与„„保持距离 stay the same = remain the same 保持不变 stay up 挺住，站立，开夜车，醒着，不睡，熬夜
stick to 粘住，坚持，忠于
stick with 继续支持，保持联系 stop doing sth 停止做某事
[比较：stop to do sth 停下来做某事
stop „(from)doing sth 阻止„„做某事]
strike at 向„„袭击／打击
struggle against„ 同„„做斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle to do sth 挣扎着（竭力去）做某事
succeed in„ 在„„获成功
（比较：succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth成功地做了某事）suffer from„ 受„„苦
suit „ to „ 使„„适合于„„ support / raise the family 养家
surf the internet 上网冲浪 sweep away（风）吹走,（浪）卷走 sweep down 吹倒，席卷，冲倒
sweep the floor 扫地
switch on /off 开/关（电灯、机器等）swimming pool 游泳池
Say “Hi” to sb for me.= Give my regards to sb =Remember me to sb 代我向某人问好。
Say goodbye to sb 向某人告辞/告别。See you soon / later.再见。（20）Tt
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table tennis 乒乓球（运动）talent show 天才表演
tape recorder 磁带录音机
talk show 访谈节目
talk about 谈论，交谈，议论
talk of 谈到
talk „ through（充分）讨论，详细讨论 talk to 与某人交谈／谈话
talk with 和„„交谈
telephone booth 电话亭
telephone number 电话号码
tennis racket 网球拍
tear at 用力撕
tear down 拆毁，拆除
tear sth into pieces 把某物撕成碎片 tear up 撕毁，取消（合同）
tell a lie 说谎
tell „ apart 识别，辨别，区分开
tell„ from„ 把„„和„„分开 tell the truth 说真话
tell the difference between A and B 说出/分辨A和B 的区别 tend to 趋于，朝某方向
test on 在„„做实验
test the blood 验血
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
thanks for„因为„„而感谢
thanks to„ 多亏了，幸亏，由于，因为
（比较：due to = owing to = because of 由于，因为）than usual 比平常„„
the Antartic 南极 [比较：the South / North(Pole)南/北极] the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
（比较：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Yellow River 黄河）
the butterfly 蝶泳
the Capital Stadium 首都体育馆 [比较：the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫（博物馆）
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国（简称PRC）] the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天 the entrance to „„的入口
(the)long / high jump 跳远/高
the Maglev Train 磁悬浮列车 the majority / minority of people 大多数/少数人
the(more)„, the(more)„ 越„„，越„„
the next morning 第二天早上
the other day 前几天，某日 the other way around 相反地，用相反方式
the Olympic Games / the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
the problem with „ 关于„„的问题
the same as 与„„同样的 the same to 对„„也一样
the United Kingdom 英国
the United Nations 联合国
the United States 美国 the way to do sth / of doing sth 做„„的方法
the working people 工人，劳动人民
the World Championship 世锦赛
this very night 就在这个晚上
thousands of 成千上万
Three Gorges Dam Project 三峡大坝工程 three meters deep = three metres in depth 三
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through thick and thin 不顾艰难
throw light upon / on 阐明某事，使某事显得很清楚
throw about 四处乱扔
throw at 向„„扔去
throw away 扔掉
throw up 吐出（事物），呕吐
tie A to B 把A 绑在B 上
tie „ up 系，栓，捆 tie up(one’s hair)= do up(one’s hair)（头发）扎起来
tire out 筋疲力尽
tire oneself out 使自己疲惫不堪 time and time again = over and over again 多次，不断地，反复
time area 时区
toast to the New Year 为新年干杯
to begin with = to start with 首先，作为开始，第一点 to be honest = honestly speaking 老实说，说实在的
to make matters / things worse = worse still 使事情/情况更困难/危险，更糟糕的是 to „ degree 达到„„程度
to one’s knowledge 据某人所知 to one’s regret / sorrow / surprise / joy 使某人遗憾/悲伤/惊讶/高兴的是 to the north of 在„„以北
to the point 中肯，扼要，切中要害 too many 太多
too much 太多，过分，太 too „ to = so „ that 太„„以至于不能 tongue twister 绕口令
track and field 田径
traffic lights 交通指挥灯，红绿灯 travel agent 旅行社
trial and error 反复实验，不断探索 trade for 交易
trade in 以交易方式购入
trade „ with sb 与某人做„„交易（买卖）
transform „ into„ 把„„转变成„„ treat sb badly 虐待
treat sb to sth 请某人吃„„ trip over（被„„）绊倒
trust(in)= have trust in = rely on 信赖，信任 try on 试穿（衣，鞋，帽等），试试看，耍弄（花招）
try out 试验，尝试，试用
try one’s best 竭尽所能 TV series 电视连续剧
TV station 电视台
twice the size of 是„„的两倍之大
Thank goodness!谢天谢地！
This way, please.请走这边。
It’s time to do„.该做„„了。（21）Uu under arrest 被拘留
under attack / fire 被攻击 under construction / control / discussion 在建设／控制／讨论中 under repairs 在修理中
under the command of 在某人控制之下，在„„的指挥下
under the direction of 在„„的指导下 unite as one 团结一致
upside down 颠倒着，倒转着
up and down 来回，上上下下，来来往往 up to 正在做，从事于，大约，多达 up to date 现代的，时新的，据目前所知的 use up„.用完„„，用尽„„（22）Vv VCD player 影碟播放机
very much = a lot 很，非常，十分（23）Ww wait for 等待，等候
wait / stand in queue = wait / stand in line 排队等侯
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wake up 醒来
wake sb up 把某人吵/叫醒
walk / run up to = go / come up to 上前去 want all day off 请假一整天 wash away 冲走
wash down 冲走，冲垮
washing machine 洗衣机
watch out(for„)留神，提防，注意
watch over 看守，照看 watch TV 看电视
wear away 磨掉，消耗
wear out 穿破，把„„穿旧，磨坏，使„„疲劳 [比较：be worn out（衣服等）穿破/被损坏，（人）疲惫不堪/感到疲劳] what else 而且
what if„ 倘使„„将会怎样，如果„„将会怎样
win „ prize 获得„„奖
win the first place（比赛）得了第一名
win sb 把某人争取过来（比较：beat / defeat sb 打败某人）
wipe out 去除，消灭
wish each other good luck 互相祝福
wish „ every success 祝„„ 成功 without a sound 悄无声息地 without limit 无限地
without luck 运气不好 with the help of＝with sb’s help 在„„的帮助下
with the purpose of 有„„的目的wonder at 对„„感到惊讶
word for word 逐字地
work as an actress 做女演员
work at 从事，致力于，干„„活动（研究）
work on „ 继续工作，从事于„„，忙于„„，不断做„„ work out 算出，解决，想出（办法），制定（计划），结局，至最后 work with „ 对„„起作用
work permit 工作许可证 worry about 为„„担心，烦恼
would like 想要（婉转表达个人的想法、看法）would rather 宁愿，宁可
wrap sth in 用„„把某物包起来
wrap up 包好，伪装
write down 记下，写下
write to 写信给
Well done / said!干得好/说得好！
What a pity!多可惜！真遗憾！
What a shame!太不好意思了！太遗憾了！What / How about„? „„怎么样？„„好不好？ What becomes of „ ？ „„变得怎样了？
What kind „? 何种„„？
What time „? 几点„„？
What’s on? 发生了什么事？ What’s the population of „? „„有多少人口？ What’s up? 怎么啦？
What’s wrong / the matter? 怎么了？
Would you mind„? 你介意„„吗？（24）Yy year after year 年复一年，年年，每年（重复）year by year 一年年（逐渐变化）Young Pioneer 少先队员
You’re welcome.不用谢。不客气。（25）Zz zebra crossing 斑马线
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