第一篇：商务英语在国际上的应用
Business English in the international application
Abstract: Business English language is connected with the business background areas.Business English is the English language in the business domain variants.Business English Correspondence is in the field of international business specific application, their language reflects characteristic features of international business.Business English in the application of international trade is very extensive, involving all aspects of business activities, the whole transaction can be divided into any two phases, we call for co-operation, and maintenance phase of cooperation phase.Seeking cooperation phase, the most important thing is to achieve cooperatio n through negotiations;cooperation in the maintenance stage, so that employees adapt to different cultures, thereby promoting unity and cooperation.Key Words: Business English;International trade;Economic
1.Business English role in international trade
1.1The premise of trade cooperation
In today's world economy, has entered a you are part of me, I am, I have your integration times.Imagine what the inward-looking, self-enclosed would also like to economic development is almost 100 million soar impossible.From the various countries of the inter-firm cooperation opportunities and significantly increased, and the completed these cooperation projects, irrespective of the nature, there will be dragged to the enterprise internal or inter-enterprise business communication.Given the cooperation parties(including enterprises, or other economic organizations or individuals)in their native countries needs to be different, not only the cooperation parties before or in the course of cooperation as well as understanding and cooperation projects involving the State of the related economic background and its signed or acceded to the international treaties, as well as relevant international habits based on cooperation between the parties, but also for the business relationship between project took place in the course of cooperation, but also the norms relating to the Economic Affairs, are necessary to do considerable business English skills and knowledge of the persons involved.It can be said, he left the business English skills and knowledge can hardly move an inch, and international cooperation.Business of the importance of English is evident from this.1.2 Access to trade information
The rapid development of business English, business in the global context can find trading partners and new business, many companies may be introduced by others that the contact potential customers, use them to get in touch with Business English.1.3 Trade with the tools
When sought after the customer, the round turns carried on the service in the transaction consultation stage through the letters and telegrams or the oral way the discussion.It is the entire service critical phase, commercial English in the cargo import-export trade procedure.On transaction consultation and signing link very important.In the international trade operation practice, the trade various links all contact letters and telegrams all constitute the important legal basis.When specially has the trade dispute, it has the result which about the possibility the dispute solves.May realize the trade globalization not only in the entire trade process using the commercial English, not carries on the time and the spatial limit the face-to-face discussion and
the communication, moreover also can save the cost, speeds up the trade development the speed.Moreover.In view of the fact that commercial English also promoted the foreign trade growth in each kind of information platform use, enhances the working efficiency.Commercial English for the trade both sides communication exchange build bridge, accurate and specifically transmits bilateral each kind of related information;It plays the communication round turn medium role and to involve to foreign trade each link.Commercial English has the promotion, the assistance function in the international trade.1.4 Personnel engaged in trade image enhancement
Engaged in international trade activists, higher levels of general culture, and public relations activities in due time, to business English is the world as a channel to enhance outreach and communication, will no doubt added to the Party of infinite charm.China's Vice Premier Wu Yi, she served as Minister of the time, she added to her English a lot of popularity.With certain business English knowledge.sometimes you can get twice the result.Global integration in the future world pattern will make our increasingly in close proximity, language is the narrow bridge this distance.1.5 Survival skills
With the continuous increase in foreign-funded enterprises, more and more people are working in foreign companies.Although the nature of work, workplace is different, but they will encounter the same problem is how to engage in foreign-related economic and trade activities, how to have a place in the foreign-owned businesses.Language differences is undoubtedly of the greatest obstacles encountered by these people, known as life other than English, academic English, business English is the most important communication tool in modern foreign-funded enterprises.From an objective point of view of business English comparison of straightforward, and requires strict accuracy, interest is not strong.But working class language and complement each other, everyone needs to work or face, so it becomes the survival and development languages, no one is indispensable.Foreign business English as a standardization of the criteria for selecting staff in non-English-speaking countries, becoming into international business thoroughfare.1.6 Means to promote business
Many companies at the time of entering the international market, advertising is their only representative.Successful advertisement for enterprises to establish a good image, lay the Foundation for market development.Advertising in the expected location for enterprise product in the target market, is the most effective means to contact potential customers.Many businesses use English advertisements, to pass information to the world.Ads as an application of English language, it has its own unique language style and characteristics.Unique beautiful advertising English words, syntactic concise and rich content, rhetoric is very dynamic, thought provoking.2 English and Business EnglishLanguage exists in a certain language environment.Different language environments actually represent different areas of communication and social fields.Therefore, the language also exists in different areas.At the same time, exist in different areas of language in communication and linguistic styles vary, we considered this different register on the different.Register of the so-called, refers to the language of the community in the verbal communication of certain scenes(particularly areas of working life)used with group characteristics and scene characteristic language.A register of language in the language community can reflect the
professional characteristic of this area.As a business language for business information carriers, is evolved as the origin and development of business registers, which are variations of languages in the areas of business.We are here referred to as business register.Business register has a very strong business characteristics.Register of a language into the business process, the language and register are struggling to maintain their characteristics.Business English correspondence is a form of writing in the business register.Business register is a language into business in the formation of language variants in the field.In this register, there are many different languages, including Japanese, English, and so on.Also, there will be business Japanese, business English, and so on.In international business, buyers and sellers through the English international language Exchange.After entering the business world, more and more under the influence of business register in English, in the business register has gradually formed a unique business English.Business English is different from people in their daily life as seen in English, it contains a lot about business in the language of the element.Many of those who know English but lack of business knowledge may not be able to understand material aspects of business English, including in terms of listening, speaking, reading and writing.Listening, speaking, reading, writing, and other aspects of business English contain belong to the business register, reflecting business class features.With the rapid development of international trade, growing international business activities, business language use has become even more frequent, especially business English.As far as the international business, buyers and sellers in different countries, from very far away, not many opportunities for face-to-face talks, of course, face to face negotiation costs are extremely high.Therefore, the international business mainly through letters, telegrams and other means.4Characteristics of business English correspondence in business register
4.1 Frequent business terms basically is the business aspects of business English correspondence, it appears in the language of a lot of business terms.Business terms of use will make the language more concise and more save time and thus more efficient.One reader to fully understand an article business English correspondence, knows only the literal meaning of each word or the whole article is not enough, he needs to understand business terms that appear in the article.Many business terms that occur in business English correspondence, such as FOB(Free On Board)is the price terms, saying “FOB”;D/P(Documents against Payment)is a method of payment, means “payment”;TPND(Theft pilferage and Non-Delivery)is a transport insurance terms, saying “steal pilferage risks”;B/L(Bill of Lading)is a transport documents, bills of lading;FAQ(Fair Average Quality)is a quality representation, represents a fair average quality.Frequently used business terms are typical characteristics of business English problem.The term also reflects the style of business features.The business terms concisely listed above, meaning-rich, easy to use.These words relate to a number of related knowledge.Many words in their business, a member of the social groups to realize the inherent in its real meaning, not to mention the contains these words and sentences.4.2 Language simplicityConciseness in business, time is money.Therefore, in the business register, all members must comply with the essential requirements, that is the language simple, avoiding long-winded.Course in simple language when expression must also pay attention to the full.In the languages of the Organization to enable readers to quickly know the author wanted to express meaning.Business English correspondence tend to be short, virtually no nonsense.: Ands the expression expression of simple means to Please don't hesitate tell us--------Please tell
usDuring the year a of 2004-----------------During 2004Will you be good enough-----------------PleaseCome to decision------------------------DecideFor the price of USD 600---------------For USD 600Due to the fact that-----------------------Because such as the above examples abound in business English correspondence.This allows authors to quickly and clear expression of their ideas, thereby enhancing the productivity of both parties.If at the time of business English correspondence, writes in the La long-winded, you may not even see the recipient's interest and patience to look at.4.3 Note that the principles of politeness in business English correspondence should pay attention to the principles of politeness, courtesy of the Department said the expression is not only polite, but also take the initiative to understand each other [3].Light with a simple polite expressions such as “Please”, “Your esteemed firm”, etc.is not enough.Business English Correspondence of the recipient is the writer's customers, or customers.Most of the recipient and write in different countries, each to the other main impression is that the text from the letter reflected.In the letter to new customers when it is more important, because the letter is to give each other the first impression.Courtesy letter should be noted that the principle of
4.4 Considerate toward each other, and that is sympathetic to take into account each other's needs, aspirations and feelings, and take the initiative, such as station on the other side's point of view, for each other.In the business sector, through business English letters or telegrams, contact with the customer equally stressed that “the customer is God,” and “ ” for God's sake.Business Communications is the receipt of the letter from customers who wrote a letter.Therefore, to avoid when writing(We Attitude), always(You Attitude)attitude toward each other, always put the recipient in mind, can stand in each other's point of view taking into account each other's wishes and feelings.Compare for example is as follows: “We Attitude”(1)We allow you a 3%discount for cash pay-ment.(If cash, our 97 percent)(2)We are pleased to announce that…………(We are pleased to announce that)" You Attitude”(1)You will earn a 3% discount if you pay bycash.(When you pay cash, you can hit 97 percent).(2)You will be pleased to know that…………(You will be happy to learn that up)By comparison between two sentences above easily tell the differences and effects.Looked from the entire sentence that, the first group of sentence are many is emphasized letter writer, are one kind “We Attitude” manner;The second group of sentence has used “You Attitude” in the manner, more emphasis opposite party, takes with to respect opposite party.Looked from the word usage that, “allow” and “announce” appears too stiffly, in the expression is not very polite;But in the second sentence “earn” and “bepleased to know”, the word usage was appropriate, forgives opposite party desire and the feeling, accepted easily for opposite party, also easily made the good impression to opposite party.Therefore, when writing, must pay attention to the pardon opposite party, not only this may manifest the write friendly manner, also can give later service to bring a bigger convenience.Conclusion
Register of Commerce is the concrete expression in the language in the area of business.English use of generalized makes most international companies have chosen it as a marketing weapon, the organic combination of both English and international trade or business English.Global economic integration is being further deepen, commercial activity was increasing, and increasingly close business contacts, as fire international trade business such as tea, challenges and new era-specific friction ensue.Application of improving business English in international
trade, in large part will bring to companies or corporations to maximize efficiency.References:
[1] Dai qingxia.An introduction to Sociolinguistics [m].Beijing: commercial press, 2004.[2] Guo Xi.Chinese Sociolinguistics [m].Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2004.[3] Xu Meirong.Foreign trade English correspondence [m].Beijing: the University Press, 2002.
第二篇：商务英语应用的问题
商务英语的用途不单单用于与外国人的交流，还用于商业的会谈，所以你不但要注意学习的过程，还要考虑一些问题，下面我们就来谈谈这些问题。很多白领在一些商务往来比较频繁的企业中就会遇到的问题。
商务英语中级的阅读，难度不小。表现为（1）题型丰富。商务英语的阅读题型很具有特色，不同于英语四、六级，甚至与雅思、托福的阅读题型大相径廷。难怪很多同学不能很好地应付商务英语阅读考试。（2）词汇量大。很多词汇都具有典型的商务特色，牵涉到商务领域的各行各业，如果不熟悉该领域的词汇，就很难熟悉这些词。而商务英语阅读题目对于细节的把握是很关键的。（3）文章长，具有较强的专业性。英语四、六级的文章，往往同学们具有一定的知识背景，这样阅读起来不会太累，感觉比较顺。而商务英语考试的文章则截然不同，就是考察同学的商务背景知识，某一领域背景的欠缺，就造成了同学不知文章所以然。
要解决以上问题，不是所谓的考试技巧可以解决的。英语要学好，关键还在日积月累，水到渠成。具有了什么样的水平，才能通过相应的考试。特别是商务英语，注重实践。建议大家可以在长期积累的过程中，存一些。日积月累，这些就是很宝贵的财富。这里，我想讲两个贯穿在我多年教学中的学习方法，希望同学们受益匪浅。
对于词汇，要讲究“帮派记忆法”。何谓“帮派记忆法”？通俗得讲，就是出来一个词，要想到相关的一群词，这群词可以是近义词，也可以是意思可以归为一类的表达方式。比如：剑桥BEC真题集第3辑（中级）－Test 1－Reading－Part Two（20页）文章标题Evaluating the performance of the board.出来evaluate,马上应该想到evaluate = assess = size up = appraise, 都是评估的意思。这在词汇的积累方面很重要。从考试的角度讲，Test 2－Reading－Part Two(40页)马上考到了appraise的名词形式appraisal.从实践的角度讲，每个公司都要举行annual performance evaluation.（绩效评估）。多掌握点词，能够给老板留下深刻印象，使自己在职场上脱颖而出，何乐而不为呢？又如，有这样一句话：“市场低迷开始反弹”。马上要想到3种相类似的表达方式：“The market depression began to rebound.” “The market has taken on an upward tendency.” “The market depression has been reversed”.这样，在公司写市场报告或者开会的时候，可以增加句子的丰富性，使报告充满活力。
另外，要很好地对付商务英语阅读考试，提高英语水平，关键还要多看与商务英语相关的文章，特别是商务英语考试的阅读文章，同学们在工作闲暇之余，不妨多看看，权当放松。在中，也可以穿插进来一些商务英语交流的技巧。另一方面，词汇要记得牢，还是要在上下文中记忆。阅读的量多了，英语水平自然上去了，还担心商务英语的阅读考试吗？
以上这些问题你是不是在学习过程中也碰到过，现在给出了答复，你是不是很受用呢？
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第三篇：浅谈商务英语的发展与应用1
摘要： 随着经济发展的日益全球化，中国将在更广阔的领域、更深的层次融入国际生活，我们在经济、文化、教育等领域内的对外交流与合作日趋频繁。现代商务英语已赋予了它新的概念，它涵盖我国人民在各个领域、各个层面的对外交往活动中所作的英语应用。中国入世，众多的外国企业将在中国寻求发展的机会，而纵观的企业迎来了走向世界的机遇，商业外贸领域获得了长足的发展.目前商务英语证书越来越受到重视，造成了当前商务英语的火热形势。本文根据商务英语的现状，从其发展和应用加以讨论，并提出了自己的看法。
关键词：商务英语；发展；应用；
浅谈商务英语的发展与应用
引言
商务英语作为现代国际化企业中最重要的交流工具，已经成为人们工作学习不可缺少的技能。同时，对许多人尤其是国际化企业员工来说，商务英语的沟通技巧和水平已成为影响其工作机会，提职加薪以及事业发展的重要因素。在中国，商务英语证书被各类涉外企业、部门、组织或机构用来作为招收职员时英语能力的证明；同时也是商务工作人员或英语学习者检验、提高自己英语水平的方式；对于即将进入职场的在校学生或已工作的青年来说，它是就业、求职的重要砝码，因此，商务英语证书被称为商务求职的通行证，本文试从当前商务英语的现状及其应用谈谈自己的看法。
一、什么是商务英语
从商务英语诞生那天起，这个概念就被赋予了许多内涵。有了“商务”这层意义，它就不再是一个单纯的英语学习范畴。随着我国吸纳外资大国地位的确立与对外投资的迅猛发展，我国企业国际化程度迅速提高；而与之相协调，培养具备全球化经营能力、适应多国文化与具备国际商务英语沟通能力的人才就被提到日程上来。与TOEFL、GRE、GMAT以及我国目前举行的大学英语四、六级考试不同，商务英语考试特别注重考生运用英语在商务环境中进行交际的能力。因此商务英语证书在全球商业界得到广泛的认可，在中国各涉外经济部门以及在华投资的跨国公司中更是倍受青睐。目前我国已有数百家外资企业把商务英语证书作为衡量应聘人员英语水平的唯一标准。随着外资企业的不断增多，越来越多的中国人开始在外企里工作。虽然工作性质，工作场地有所不同，但是他们都会遇到同样的问题，就是如何从事涉外的经济贸易活动，如何在外商经营的企业里占有一席之地。语言差异无疑是这些人所遇到的最大的障碍，在我们熟知的生活英语、学术英语之外，商务英语是现代外资企业中最重要的交流工具。
商务英语的种类 ：
BEC：剑桥商务英语证书（BEC）考试是剑桥大学考试委员会（UCLES）专门为我国设计的英语水平考试。该项考试包括选择题和非选择题，主要对考生的英语读、写、听、说能力进行全面的测试。
TOEIC：TOEIC是美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）在1979年为大型跨国企业和政府机构开发，主要用于测量员工在国际工作环境中英语交流能力的考试，经过20多年的完善和发展，今天已经被作为全球职业英语考试的标准。每年在60多个国家有超过200万的考生选择参加TOEIC，4000多家国际化的公司或机构承认并使用TOEIC成绩。
TOPE：职业英语考试(Test of Professional English)是由世界权威教育测试机构——ETS美国教育测试服务中心（Educational Testing Service）专门针对母语非英语国家的企业、政府部门和英语学习爱好者最新设计、开发的一项考试。在国家经贸委的大力支持下，该考试顺利进入中国，由教育部考试中心和北京泰跃国际教育投资有限公司合作在全国组织实施此项考试，保证考试管理的质量和声誉。TOPE包括了听、说、读、写四个部分的内容，试题选用当前国际商务及生活环境中最通用的英语语言，并为考生创造一个全新的语言环境，使考生可以在一个比较轻松的环境中测试并提高英语水平。
二、商务英语的应用现状
1．商务英语的应用体现
1.1商务英语在对外贸易磋商和谈判中有着重要作用。
在许多国际进出口贸易中，都需要运用商务英语去进行相关合作事项的磋商与谈判，同时，在拟定合同协议的同时也需要用到商务英语，因此，商务英语在国际贸易中起着至关重要的作用，可以说，对商务英语的正确应用可以决定一次商务谈判的成功与否。在贸易磋商中运用商务英语一定要做到用词准确，用词严谨，行文写作要讲求规范，要注意到用语的专业化与规范化。
1.2.商务英语在商贸广告中也有着巨大的作用，其具体作用表现在两方面：
（1）商务英语起着对外来产品进行解释，使人们更加容易理解这种产品的作用。
（2）商务英语还可应用于策划对外产品的宣传上。特别是在策划对外产品的宣传时，对商务英语的应用更是有着较高的要求，它要求对产品的推介广告词要用词优美、独到，要恰到好处，又要能耐人寻味，并且在用词用语上要能打动消费者，激发起消费者的消费个欲望，在促进产品的销售上起到重要作用。因此，商务英语在应用于广告设计时要做到不拘一格，打破惯例和常规，在语言规范，用词严谨的情况下，又要具有含蓄、幽默、生动、机智的特点。因此，商务英语在广告设计中的应用可以说是一个难点。1.3.商务英语在商务函电中的应用。
在对外贸易过程中经常会碰到商务函电的往来，商务函电具体包括以下三种形式：即纸质函件、电子函件、商务电话。不管是哪种函件，都有着其自身的特点和极其重要的作用，它们往往都是有着自身的特殊目的的。比如为了建立业务联系，确定商品价格以及商品信息、签订协议、催促货款等。而且其中的纸质函件和电子函件在商务函件中都有着较强的证据性，需要我们慎重的保存。随着贸易国际化的进一步加深，国际商务活动也日益频繁，商务英语函件使用率也相应增加，且在现代贸易中，对商务英语函件的要求也越来越高。其中在商务英语函件中要注意以下几点：（1）注意尊重对方，在书写过程中，字里行间应表现出一种礼貌；（2）商务英语函件要求简单明了，不能有过多的重复叙述，要求语言简练、直接、开门见山；（3）传达的信息要求准确无误，这就要求商务英语用语要有相当高的严谨性和准确性，要尽量避免使用一些具有歧义的词语。
1.4.商务英语在商务翻译中也起着重要作用。
商务翻译分为书面翻译和口头翻译。书面翻译要求我们要准确表达书面文件中的意思，必须要忠于原文，不能有随意夸大的地方，更不能凭自己想象进行随意发挥。正如鲁迅先生所说的：凡是翻译必须兼顾两面，一则当然为求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。"对于在商务洽谈中的口头翻译，其要求更高，翻译时要做到灵活，即要能表达原意，也能做到为洽谈者进行补充，同时还要注意礼貌，以免在洽谈过程中出现因表达失误而造成不必要的误会或是一些不必要的尴尬。总之，口译既要求你有着丰富而牢固的商务英语知识，还要求你有着良好的临场应变能力。因此，口译也是难度系数最大的。
2、学习商务英语的工具性意义
目前我国商务英语的学习者范围非常广泛。其中包括有在外资企业工作的员工、身处国际商务环境的从业人员、要出国深造的人，有一定的英语基础，但在英语使用过程还欠熟练的从业人士，企业的领导者和决策者以及对商务英语学习有要求的大学生，将来希望从事商务工作的商业专科大专院校学生。这是因为随着经济的发展和国际商贸活动的增加，商务英语已成为求职、就业时的一项重要考核内容。国际公认的剑桥商务证书考试BEC的引进，为各行各业招聘和培训人才提供了一项权威的、统一的英语工作能力的证明。目前商务英语证书越来越受到重视，作为职业英语的证书，即使不从事商务方面工作，对今后也是很有帮助的，目前，在我国已有许多三资企业、国家机关和企事业单位承认BEC考试证书的效用。该考试自1993的在中国开办以来，在社会上引起了强烈反响，全国40多个大中城市已建立了BEC，考点，每年有两万多人参加BEC1、BEC2和BEC3证书考试。在英国，已有69所大学认可BEC高级证书为参加大学本科学习的语言能力证明；中国已有众多企业如中国国际航空公司、巴斯夫公司(中国)有限公司等承认BEC证书；全世界，已有10所大学确认BEC考试为MBA课程„„种种这些现象，造成了商务英语的火热形势。在最近一系列的招聘会上，我也了解到，很多外企在招聘时除了要求基本的四六级证书，还需要商务英语之类职业证书。
三、商务英语的发展现状
据统计，目前我国开设商务英语专业的高等院校有300多家多年来为我国经济贸易事业的对外交流与发展提供了的大量的人才，这一点我们不能忽视，必须承认。然而，就是从这些人才的实际工作中，我们也分析到了目前我国商务英语教学所存在的弊端。
1．国家教育部对于商务英语教学目前还没有一个统一的规定没有明确商务英语作为一门学科的性质，开课条件、课程设置、教学目的、教学大纲、考察要求等都没有做出具体的规定，这就使得设置该学科的各家院校各行其政，分别按照自己的理解和自己学校的办学条件去教学，不少学校根本就缺乏专业的师资队伍．有些学校让从事英语教学的教师教课，学生学到的只是语言．从商务这个角度、范围学习的语言，有些学校正好相反，教课老师是单纯的经济贸易类出身。以这样的方式培养出来的所谓商务英语专业的学生是根本不能满足我们工作需要的。
2．在我国，商务英语还没有发展成为一门独立的学科，很多高校的商务英语专业都是设在了英语学院内部，成为了语言教学的一个分支，学生毕业后拿到的不是商务英语毕业证书，而是英语语言学证书。殊不知，商务英语与传统的基础通用英语是有着天壤之别的。商务英语与基础通用英语存在着很大的差别。而同时，商务英语与传统的商务学习也不属于同一体系。传统的商务专业学习的是深奥的经济知识，高级管理学等，对英语没有特殊的要求；而商务英语则是要求用英语去从事商业活动，英语是基础，必要掌握熟练而精确的语言，并且要熟知英美国家的文化背景、风俗习惯，只有这样，才有可能进行成功的交际。例如：美国人时间观念很强，做事非常守时，谈生意开门见山，不喜欢寒喧，速度与效率是他们在工作中十分重视的一个方面，而中国人对时间有着不同的理解，做事讲究的是慢工出细活，赴宴讲究晚到，谈生意喜欢在咖啡厅、高尔夫球场等休闲轻松的环境中细细的谈。如此大的差别，中美两国人如果事先不清楚对方的风俗习惯的话是很难达成交易的，不仅如此，还可能导致极大的误会，为以后的交流也造成障碍。因此，我们不难看出，跨文化交际的学习是商务英语学习者的一个重要内容。
四、结语
虽然还存在这样或那样的问题，但在商业文化不断发展的同时，商务英语也在不断发展，现在不仅局限于日常会议、专业培训、谈判技巧、交流方式等传统培训，一些行业商务英语、生活商务英语培训也脱颖而出，既有中西结合的也有原版引进的。
说到底英语是一种语言，可以只是一块敲门砖，也可以看成是一切提高的障碍，因为英语是涉及语言的，真正价值的实现都是跟沟通相连的，在跨国的沟通和交流中，要把自己的想法和意图准确到位的传达给对方，同时又要接收对方的信息，这是最大的问题。专业知识相较之下反在其次。此时，商务英语的地位就凸显出来。因此在国际化的今天，商务英语也必定会不断完善，继续火热仍是大势所趋。
参考文献
[1] 邱晓清.商务英语翻译中的商务特征再现研究[J].长春理工大学学报(高教版),2010(01).[2] 薛正花.浅谈商务英语在国际商务谈判中的运用[J].中国商贸,2010(16).[3] 王徽英.商务谈判中英语口语的语言技巧[J].广东省经济管理干部学院学报,2002(03).[4] 黄蓉.外贸谈判英语的语体分析[J].重庆电子工程职业学院学报,2009(1).[5] 黄伟新:从商务英语到英语商务.国际经贸探索，2005，6 [6] 黎红艺:基于建构主义语言学理论的商务英语专业实训探讨.广西教育学院学报，NO.4，2005 [7] 林添湖:加强理论建设是商务英语学科继续发展的根本出路.国际商务研究，NO.2,2005 [8] 张佐成:商务英语的理论与实践研究［M］.对外经济贸易大学出版社.2008
第四篇：商务英语
一、短语翻译
regular hours 正常工作时间flexible hours 弹性工作时间
hot-desking 办公桌轮用making contacts 建立人脉关系an impressive job title 一个显要的职衔a pension 养老金
a good salary 可观的收入plan for disast有备无患
work experience 工作经验project manager 项目经理
working environment 工作氛围brainstorming rooms 头脑风暴室sales and marketing 销售和市场营销部globaiservices 环球服务部
developing markets 市场开发部career goal 职业目标
reward and recognition scheme嘉奖制度set your limits规定限
get organised安排有序parental leave 父母假，育儿假，照顾新生儿女假put pen to paper签订协议two become one 合二为一
find the perfect partner 理想搭档don’t feel guilty 勿感内疚
Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame.要能够相互沟通，功过与共.trade fair event 商品交易会Training and staff development培训和员工发展 Flexible working hours 弹性工作时间Opportunities to travel 旅游机会
Opportunities for promotion升职提拔的机会Days off 几天短假
Company car 公司配给的汽车Incumbent progamme岗位培训课程 Grow and maintain customer relationship发展和维持客户关系
Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产
solo trader独立法人，独立经销店partnership合伙经营
franchise连锁店 特许经营start a business 创办企业
askfor permission 获得准许complain about a mistake 投诉一个错误 confirm something is OK 确认某事request information 索要信息
offer information 提供信息cancel arrangements 取消安排 request help 求助change a booking 改变预定
empioyment news 就业新闻give notice 预先通知
take voluntary redundancy 自愿接受裁退
make redundant 裁员employment issue 就业问题
good communication 良好沟通potential problem 潜在的问题
reasonable period 合理期限reasonable grounds 合理的理由
verbal warning 口头警告written warning 书面警告
disciplinary procedure 纪律程序unglamorous image乏味的形象
door-to-door work and cold calling挨家挨户的推销和进行不期而至的拜访
commercial director 销售总监email confirmation form 电子邮件确认表 build trust建立信任askclever questions 问恰当的问题
knowyour stuff了解你的产品beprepared to fail做好失败的准备 scheduling and technical provision to clients
exceptional interpersonal skill 超强人际交往力open your mind敞开心扉
sales executive 销售总监sales and advertising team 销售和总监能力 sales argument 销售赔款commercial targets 商业目标
marketing representative 营销代表finance manager 财会经理
benefits and incentives 福利和奖励freelance自由职业
二、句子翻译
1、To you, networking might mean attending a conference or trade fair event or meet new clients or partners.对人们而言，建立关系网络也许不仅仅意味着通过参加会议或商品交易会等活动认识新客户或合作伙伴.2、I'd got to a reasonably senior level and I wanted to help other people to maximise their potential.我身处高管职位，希望能够帮助其他女性充分发挥她们的潜能
3、I saw your advert for the post of client services executive in yesterday’s newspaper and I would like to apply for the position.我昨天在报纸上看见你们客服服务主管职位的招牌广告，我想申请这个职位。
4、Following recent feedback on working hours,the head of human resources will give a presentation on Thursday 2 July at 4.30pm in the conference room.5、I’m coming to the event next week called Lanuching your business online.下周我将参加“创办网上公司”的活动。
6、We've reviewed your sales figures and they're not really up to the level we need.我们查看了你的销售数据达不到我们所期待的水平。
7、No one at his old factory was available to comment on how they would be replacing the six workers.就如何接管这六个员工的工作，厂方尚未作出任何评论。
8、The aim of this report is to assess whether Ms chuhova was unfairly dismissed and if the correct procedure was followed by her line manager.这报告的目的是评估察哈娃女士是否被不合理解聘以及她的部门经理是否遵循；额正确的程序。
9、Working type up their every thought and send off emails with tremendous inaccuracy or complete pointlessness.。员工们把每个想法打好字，要么错误百出，要么完全不考虑礼节。
10、Now I speak to customers every day in the buzz of a target-driven environment.it’s fantastic.现在我每天和顾客交谈，目标明确，充满激情。真是妙不可言。
11、Don’t misunderstand the customers.不要误解顾客的意思
12、Don’t overload people with details.13、Salespeople are not necessarilyborn.销售人员不是天生的三、数字翻译
16,000,000,000
——sixteen billion turnover
978,000,000
—— nine hundred and seventy-eight million finnal income
160——one hundred and sixty countries
55,000——fifty five thousand employees
½ —— half of 55,000 in the USA—— four division—— six percent of revenue dedicated to research and development
5,000,000,000 —— five million dollars revenue in Europe
2,000,000,000 ——two billion dollars rest of world revenue
1906 ——nineteen oh six company founded
112,000,000,000 —— one hundred and twelve billion total market
五、作文
Work inpairs.Choose one of the way of working below and prepare a mini-presentation on the topic for the rest of the class.A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN„?
Job-sharing
● Find someone you like.● Organise and plan how you share the work.●
●
Finding someone you like is the most important when you start a job-share.As job sharing is a way for two people to both fill one job,finding someone you like is very important for the success of the scheme.You may find one from your current workplace, or you may find one outside through all kinds of contacts.Organising and planing how you share the work is also important.If it’s shared reponsibility, there is no division of duties but two people have to split the hours clearly to ensure that the work flows continuously.If it’s divided responsibility, each partner has to be clear about his own case—load or project to focus on during his working hours.If it’s unrelated responsibility, the partners have to learn what their separate tasks are in the same department, and each has to do his own share well.Communication is another important factor to consider when you arrange the job-share,especially for shared responsibility.Partners have to communicate well so that jobs are done smoothly.Using email, voicemail messages, daily logs and notes are some techniques that help facilitate communication.B:WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN„?
Working from home
● Set up an office space in the house.●Plan your working hours and your breaks.●
Seting up an office space in the house is important whenworking from home.This will give you a feel of being in the office and concentrate more on work.In this way, it will easy for you to differentiate between wrok time and private time and you will not be easily distracted.it’s also important to plan your working hours and your breaks.Make it like in the office and set a timetable.But do not overwork yourself to make up for not being in the office every day.Make sure you have a break after you work for a few hours.In addiction, to make working from home really successful, you should make sure colleagues and clients can reach you as though you are in the office.This may help a lot to guarantee the efficiency.Part Two of the Speaking Test
(1)What is important when setting up your own business?
Prompts:
A good idea.Consider the market demand and target at potential customers.Knowing your customers.Keep a file of them.Adequate starting capital is also important.(2)What is important when your business is a partnership?
Prompts:
Good relationship with the other person.Mutual trust and full co-operation can bring out creativity.Both are willing to share responsibilities.Timely communication and decision making.(1)When setting up your own business, I think a good idea is very important.You should consider the market demand and target at potential customers.Under the guidance of the idea, you may cater for the urgent need of the customers, or solve the problems of the customers that other companies haven’t thought of.A good idea from the very beginning can avoid failure of a new company.Besides I think knowing your customers is also important..You ‘d better keep a file of your customers with names, age, profession and hobbies etc.Based on their personal information, you may guess the potential needs of the customers and inform them of your product lists at first time possible needs.Knowing your customers helps you to provide them with the information they need.Apart from the two points, I think adequate starting capital is also important.Only when you have enough money, can you provide varieties of products with good quality;or you can provide good service which is important to attract customers to your
(2)When your business is a partnership, relationship with the other person is very important.A good relationship with mutual trust and full co-operation brings out the potentials, experience and creativity to the full degree.With good relationship, it is easy for you to communicate with each other and deal with any new issues in time.Besides, it is also important that both are willing to share responsibilities.This will have direct impact on the success and failure of the business.With shared responsibilities, you can achieve your common objectives better and be strongly united against troubles and risks.On top of that, timely communication and decision-making will also help to improve the running of a business with partnership.六、作文memo1、you are a manager at Lar Bonner.After a meeting with staff, the company has agreed to extend parental leave for fathers from two weeks to three weeks.Write a memo to all staff.●refer to the previous meeting
●say when the news system will begin(25th September)
●remind staff that their manager need one month’s notice.To: All staff
From: Tom
Date: 25th July
Subject: Parental leave
Further to our previous meeting, I am pleased to confirm that parental leave for fathers has been extended to three weeks.The new system will come into operation as from 25th September.May I remind you that your managers will require one month’s notice.2、Say what has happened and why
Anounce the repreaentative’s visit
Say when and where his presentation will take place
Write 40-50 words only.Remember to include a To, From, Date and Subject line.To: All staff
From: Tom
Date: 1st October
Subject: resentation of new insurance policy
To offer staff a better health insurance scheme,We are now working with a new insurance company.Please note therefore that a representative from this company will present the new staff policy on 9th October at 2pm in the conference room.All staff are welcome to attend.WRITINGAn email1、You are a sminar organiser.You want to check details for an event next week with your two assistants.Write an email to your staff.Write 40-50 words.Say which rooms you have booked for the event.Ask them to confirm the schedule with secutity.Explain that one participant will be late.From: XXX
Subject: Confirmation of seminar details
Date:XXX
To: Assistant seminar organiser
Please note that I have booked Room 101 and 102 for the seminar next week.I’d be grateful if you would now confirm this booking and the finalschedule for the event with security.Also note that Mr singh will be one hour late on the Monday morning.2、Dear [name]
Would you please send me details of the next health and safetytraining event? I’m aware that it is due in the near future.Regards
[name]
2.Dear [name]
Thanks for reminding me.The training event takes place on the 3rd September from 9-5 in the conference rooms.Please inform all department managers and forward the attached documents which are to be read before the event.Thanks
[name]
3.Dear Department Managers,Would you all please note that the next health and safety training event takes place on the 3rd September from 9-5 in the conference rooms.As you know this is a legal requirement.Please also find attached documents which you should be familiar with before the event.Thanks for your cooperation.[name]
4.Dear [name]
Thanks for informing the managers.Unfortunately, the training event has been postponed.The reason is the trainer is unavailable.He has suggested the 23rd September, so can you let all managers know?
Sorry for the Inconvenience.[name]
5.Dear Department Managers,Following my previous email, I am writing to inform you of a change in date to the health and safety training event.Due to the unavailability of the trainer on the 3rd September, the event will now take place on the 23rd.All other details remain the same.Apologies for any inconvenience caused.[name]
第五篇：商务英语
行业介绍快餐行业
公司介绍McDonald's Corporation
随着西方习俗和文化对亚洲的渗入，西方的快餐业也大量融进中国市场。其中麦当劳就是最成功的快餐行业中的例子。现在麦当劳拥有超过31000家快餐厅，分布在全球121个国家和地区，拥有39000人，无疑是世界快餐业的巨无霸。麦当劳的成功和它管理的规范化和产品质量的标准化及服务的周到密切相关。在对麦当劳的参观过程中，我们进一步了解到麦当劳内的操作体系和程序，员工内的奖惩制度以及顾客至上的原则。本人参考许多文献及网上资料，将在本报告中对麦当劳进行以下几方面的分析：公司文化，客户价值，产品，员工及竞争对手等方面对麦当劳终端市场做出描述并给出SWOT分析和评价，并对公司的未来发展给出个人的意见和建议。最后，将结合公司文化和自身特点谈谈本次实习的意义和感悟。
麦当劳终端市场分析
1.企业文化
企业文化是一个公司的灵魂，是一个公司扬帆远航的指南针。企业文化是为一个企业所信奉的主要价值观，是一种含义深远的价值观、神话、英雄人物标志的凝聚。我将从以下几个方面描述麦当劳的企业文化
1.经营理念特许经营模式QSCV
特许经营模式 麦当劳采用特许经营的方式，在全球范围有越来越多的加盟店进入，达到产品标准化、服务标准化、促销标准化，进一步扩大了它的品牌。麦当劳提供日常营运操作、培训、营销、广告、人力资源、采购和店铺选址等广泛的支持和保障，让被特许人不仅在创业初始无后顾之忧，更能在未来餐厅发展上，赢在细节和执行。
4.麦当劳拥有世界上最优秀的供应链，通过与供应商紧密合作，以全球化采购的方式，确保以最有竞争力的价格提供最优质的原料。
以租赁为主的房地产经营策略
麦当劳开展特许经营主要是以购买或租赁地产的形式进行，麦当劳公司总部长期承租或购进土地和房屋，然后将店面出租给各加盟店，这种经营策略，实质上是把第一债权人的权利转让给了麦当劳总部，使它具备了从银行取得贷款的资格，从而解决了各加盟者开店的资金困难，为麦当劳特许经营的顺利开展奠定了坚实的基础。
联合广告基金制度
设立广告基金是麦当劳开展特许经营的重要营销策略，由加盟者联合起来，共同筹集资金承担广告费用，可以在更大范围内扩大麦当劳的统一品牌形象，弥补加盟者单独进行品牌宣传广告经费不足的问题。
SQCV
Q代表优质，是指麦当劳为保障食品品质制订了极为严格的标准。麦当劳对品质管理十分严格，视频制作超过一定期限就舍弃不用，如汉堡包的时限是10分钟，炸薯条的时间是7分钟，原产品面包一般是15天，肉饼最多也不能超过3个月。麦当劳的每一家分店食品质量和配料都一样，也同样保证麦当劳食品送到顾客手中之前，经过了一系列周密的品质保证系统。严格的标准使顾客在任何的时间，任何地点所品尝到的麦当劳食品都是同一品质的，一切以质量取胜。
S代表服务，是指按照细心、关心和爱心的原则，提供热情、周到、快捷的服务。麦当劳餐厅的侍应生谦虚有礼，餐厅设备先进快捷。顾客等候的时间很短，还备有各类消毒的食品包装，干净方便。餐厅布置典雅，播放轻松的乐曲，顾客在用餐之余还能得到优美的听觉享受。
C代表清洁，是指麦当劳制订了必须严格遵守的清洁工作标准。如与昂你上岗前必须用特制的杀菌洗手液搓洗20秒，然后冲净，烘干，甚至连厕所都规定了卫生标准。
V代表价值，即物有所值，是为了进一步传达麦当劳的 “向顾客提供更有价值的高品质“的理念。麦当劳的食品讲求味道、颜色、营养。价格与所提供的服务一致，让顾客吃了之后感到真正的物有所值。
2.服务理念顾客第一；高效、快速；“苛刻”更多欢笑，更多选择，尽在麦当劳
为了使各加盟店都能够达到令消费者满意的产品与服务标准，麦当劳建立了严格的检查监督制度。麦当劳体系有三种检查制度：1.常规性月度考评；2.公司总部的检查；3.抽查。公司总部统一检查的表格主要有食品制作检查表、柜台工作检查表、全面营运评价表和每月例行考核表等；
为了吸引顾客，提高服务质量，麦当劳始终坚持优质服务，雷。克罗克提出一句口号：“把自己摆在顾客的位置上，“要求员工”将心比心“，事事时时为顾客着想。另外，麦当劳要求员工都是要微笑待客的，而每家麦当劳里都有一位接待员为顾客提供服务。此外，快捷的速度，创造欢乐舒适的氛围，顺应顾客要求，不断提高服务质量一直是他们的服务宗旨。
客户价值
每一个企业都深知客户就是上帝，客户的忠实度对一个企业来说是非常重要的。因此在质量、服务方面麦当劳一直重视着客户价值。这些都已经体现在服务理念及产品方面中。
产品
麦当劳的所有产品原材料均来自一个厂商，不会因为要减少运输费而在当地进行购买达到标准的统一化。并且它在选择合作者的条件上十分严格，如麦当劳的面包是不会掉渣的。可口可乐的最可口温度是4度，所以它的可乐都是保持在4度的。麦当劳的产品在同等质量上与其他竞争对手相比，是价格低的。而同等价格上它的质量绝对是好的，并且美味的。
员工方面
麦当劳采用人性化管理，将其广大员工和人才视为最大的两大财富之一。麦当劳公司的合作者们首先是“队员”，其次才像其它公司的人一样是雇员。团体观念在一个工作条件艰苦的行业中是十分重要的，在麦当劳，艰苦的工作条件和激烈的竞争，要求每个人的必要的谅解和容忍的精神。为了提高服务质量，对工作人员的挑选非常认真，注意职工素质的训练，对新招来的职工必须进行为期10天的训练，才能正式提任店员。麦当劳特别重视管理人员和服务人员的培训，并且为了激发公司员工上下团结一致，麦当劳采取以下的措施，1善待员工，让他们懂得你是为他们着想的，2多参与员工们的活动，了解他们的苦衷，及时与员工们沟通3 给下属们创造良好的工作环境，让他们知道管理者处处体贴他们4认同员工的表现，向员工表示赞赏，不仅要口头肯定，还要适当加薪，让他们知道管理者随时在肯定他们的贡献5容忍每位员工的个性与风格，使他作为一个活生生的人存在吗不要把他们管理成仅会说话的机器。
竞争对手
除了清洁程度，服务标准，质量的大大不同外，很多人都在诧异，为什么肯德基在中国比麦当劳受欢迎，但麦当劳确是世界上的巨无霸呢。很大程度上，是因为麦当劳的质量标准化，世界每一个角落的麦当劳都是一个味道的，曾经有老外人，在中国吃麦当劳有家的味道。我想这是很多快餐店无法比较的。
SWOT 的分析
1、S: strength, 即优势快捷，美味，服务好，质量好
产品质量好，价格实惠
服务周到，真诚对待每一个顾客，环境优雅整洁
点餐时间短，方便快捷。
员工忠诚度高，团队精神强。
注重了年轻顾客，尤其是一些小朋友
2、W: weakness, 即劣势。
店铺分布不够广泛，品种不是太齐全，有的产品不适合部分客户的口味，如辣。
广告不够响亮，及普遍。
3、O：opportunities,即机遇
随着工作的紧张及时间的不足，越来越多的人开始选择吃西式快餐。
知名度的提高，越来越多人 开始喜欢上麦当劳。
为很多顾客提供了方便，市场的进一步扩大化
4、T：threats,即挑战
越来越多的人怀疑西式快餐的营养程度，成本越来越高，来自KFC的竞争越来越大。以及食品 原材料的保存，许多关于肉类的传染病的出现。质量和品牌的持续保证。市场分析
麦当劳市场分析 默认分类 2007-12-31 13:32:29 阅读1130 评论0字号：大中小 订阅
1、麦当劳的市场优势在于清洁（clean）、快速(fast)、品质（quality）、服务（service）、价值感（value）。
2、麦当劳以年轻人为主要目标市场（年龄由４—３０岁男、女性），3、市场定位：A．麦当劳：以年轻、活泼作诉求，希望提供一个轻快的用餐环境。
4、麦当劳：依消费者对消费价值感的知觉来感受价值，加以订价。
环境战略：麦当劳：○以地区人口分布决定开店地点与规模；○着重地区分布与物流配销问题；肯得基：○人口结构与密度；○商
圈特征（以商业区分布与学校附近及人潮集中地区为主）
５、通路策略：麦当劳：逐步向中南部发展，并发展适合各种商圈与立地条件的店（包括人潮集中区、车站附近、学校、商业区、金融圈）。肯得基：全面性发展。ZHG：以快速开店来占据市场空间拉近与麦当劳的距离，并定位于市场追随者的角色。
６、推广策略：在零售服务业的行销策略中，企业形象的建立与知名度的炒热相当重要。除了通过经营者所提供的商品带给消费者的感觉外，广告与促销活动更是经营者在争取消费者认知与印象的重要策略。因此，广告策略与促销战略的实战运用，并发出适当的广告与促销讯息与消费者心连心，建立密切关系，乃是推广策略的主要课题。快餐业的推广策略分述如下，快餐连锁店的推广策略：
电视广告。麦当劳：○带动狂热；○大量投入TV广告；○密集强打。
促销活动：麦当劳：○合作促销生日餐会；○赞助回馈社会活动。
公共报道：麦当劳：○利用机会制造新闻事件；○各种活动吸引各媒体注意；
７、口碑宣传及耳语运动（Whisper Campaign）是极重要的沟通方式。此外，加强服务、维持良好品质都是必须落实执行的事项。（5）促销活动最常使用的方式是赠品与赠奖，举凡赠送小礼物、集点券、赠奖券等都非常流行与有效。（6）与其他企业合作做联合广告也是很有效果的方式。例如麦当劳与俏丽洗发精的联合广告即很成功。（7）社会爱心回馈活动、写作比赛、亲子活动、快乐家庭等顾客参与性的宣传与促销活动渐渐被快餐经营者所采用。（8）连锁店整体企业形象的塑造与提升，必须藉公益性活动、体育赞助活动以及捐血活动等慈善活动达成。（9）动用新闻性、话题性的讯息来做“议论纷纷”的宣传，可吸引大众传播媒体的注意与免费的宣传报道。（10）由各家分店的小商圈行销策略中，可做定点行销与广告表示的模范。同时，针对各商店附近的商圈特性、人潮特性加强促
销与推广的整体活动。
8、麦当劳还主动创造记者采访机会，参加公益活动，获得公众注意。在麦当劳的公关手册中，还提到在各个不同市场应采取的不同手段，如在以家庭为主的市场可将汉堡包所得捐给当地的学校做乐队制服，手册还指导加盟者如何争取报纸报道各店的活动，如何争取照片上报等。麦当劳每年捐出4%的营业所得，约5000万美元用于各项赞助活动，麦当劳总裁透纳曾说：“使我们的名字出现在公众
面前，而创造一个足以抵消卖汉堡包的企业形象。我们的动机99%是商业性的。
5、个人建议
进一步的扩大市场，加大广告力度，在商业繁华地多参加一些店铺的数量。
适应一些地方的独特口味设计一部分符合当地人的食品，增加营业额。
顺应市场的发展，多生产可爱特别的玩具吸引小朋友
个人感悟
1.整个企业 人生总是充满机遇的，只是我们很多时候没有发现。像克罗克发现了麦当劳特许经营的商机，而麦氏兄弟却没有，将这么好的机会让给了别人。一个企业最重要的是企业文化，树立好的口碑，敢于在行业领域中创新，处处为顾客着想。快餐行业中不仅仅产品的质量很重要的，同样餐厅氛围也是很关键的。另外，商业中要懂得抓住重点，像麦当劳将它的市场主要定位于年轻人，重点还要吸引孩子们，像在餐厅内设置游乐场所。服务的重要性，管理的完善性，管理者的智慧，良好的市场调查，质量的保证，顾客满意的重要性在麦当劳中都得到很好的体现。
对自己的认识
无论是在大学学习中还是在以后的工作中，我们时刻都要保持创新精神，善于寻找机遇，创造机遇。另外，从麦当劳中我主要学会了团队精神，无论是领导还是员工首先他们是一个团队，团队中一直活跃着奋进和家的气氛企业内部的支持和信赖是非常重要的，他们以亲人的形式互相支持，共同奋进，在快乐的氛围下，所有人都充满了干劲才能更好的工作为企业做贡献。我们无时无刻都要严格的要求自己，像麦当劳公司用严格的标准来要求雇员的衣着、修饰及仪态。我们更要时刻的要求自己，只有严律才会使自己奋斗上进.。
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