第一篇：英语演讲选修课2010-4-30作业
Informative Speech
-A Brief Introduction of American natural condition.※Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the American natural condition.※Central idea:The American location,climate, water ,natural resources ※Main points:
I.Location: in the middle of the America…
II.Climate: almost every type of climate…
III.Water: Three main systems of water:
IV.Natural resoueces:very abundant…
※ Order:topical order
America was located in the midst of America,of which the territory also including the state of Alaska in the northwestern part of America and the state of Hawai on the Pacific Ocean.To its east is the Pacific Ocean while the Atlantic Ocean lies to its west.The Mexico Gulf was situated to the southeast of the nation.Almost all types of climates are spread all over the nation,while the largest partof the nation is dominated by the temperate climate from which brings large amount of rainfall as to generate one of the most productive agricultural industries worldwide.Three main watery systems are placed from the west to the eastern area：the Pacific system,the Great Lakes and the Atlantic system.The Mississipi River is the fourth largest river in the world while Lake Superior among the Great Lakes is the largerst lake containing fresh water.America was gifted with a most abundant storage of natural resources.The percentage of forest coverage is up to 33％.Coal,gas,oil,iron and several other mental resources are among the most fertilized nations in the world.
第二篇：英语演讲选修课2011-3-12作业
Self-Introductory Speech
2011-3-19
Good morning,ladies and gentlemen,I choose to be a student of arts and as a result ,I am very interested in history and classical literature.I chose English teaching as my profession for the reason that I was deeply influenced by my mother who has been a teacher for over 30 years and of all the subjects I have learned in school,English is the subject I can master best and I like the language.Now ,I shall tell you one of my experiences in which I fell deeply in love with the language.When I was in junior high,we rarely met any foreigner who was a native English speaker and we only have thirteen classes with foreign teachers during the four years in middle school.When we first had a oral English class given by a Canadian teacher,we were so excited and curious how the foreigner looked like while in the meantime we were a little scared and shy to speak to him actively.As the English representative of my class,I was forced by my classmates to have a look at the foreigner in our English teacher’s office.I took a few steps to the door which is closed but unlocked and gave it a slight push.At that moment ,I caught sight of the foreigener and I was filled with thrill that hardly I could see him clearly enough did I flee with my mouth shouting for excitement ,running all the way back to my classroom.Faced with my dear classmates waiting for me in great anxiety,I proudly announced that the foreigner was white and tall.Unfortunately,when my classmates inquired me more details of him,I realized I just got a foggy figure of him and what was worse ,just a shadow of his back.Frustrated and encouraged by my classmates once more,I went on my adventure once more.But a little tragic the consequence was to me this time,I was caught by the foreigner who had found me the last time I spied him and had been hiding on the rear side of the door in order to catch me all the time ,No doubt I was caught before I got near to the door and pushe it.He rushed instantly ,held me on the arm gently and brought me to the teacher and laughed with tears in his eyes and said a great deal to my English teacher in an amusing voice.I could rarely understand what he meant but I caughta sentence,”Chinese students are crazy”,well,while everyone in the office were laughing,I was very embarrassed and blamed and cursed my classmates a million times at the bottom of my heart.And what was more dramatical,he always asked me to answer his questions in his class and I could not even know what he was talking about.Every time it happened,my classmates would yell,hey ,you got the biggest prize again and I was so much in despair to respond a single word to them.That is my story and thank you for your listening.Thank you!
第三篇：英语演讲选修课10informative
Lesson 10 Informative Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student Assignments
What are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching procedures
Informative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding To enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before Convey clearly accurately interestingly Organizational methods
Chronological order
编年顺序
Spatial order
空间顺序 Topical order
主题顺序 Causal order Problem-solution order
Other methods of speech organization
Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship.method of speech organization in which the main points
Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.(Problem-cause-solution order)
Speeches about process
Process: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product. Speeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.3.Speeches about events
Event: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening. chronological order----to recount the history of an event, causal order----to explain the causes and effects
4.Speech about concepts
Concept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like. Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order.One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking
Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2.Relate the subject directly to the audience
* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved
3.Don’t be too technical
* Simple, clear language is needed.4.Avoid abstractions One way to avoid abstractions is through description(a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness)
Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons(A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)
5.Personalize your ideas
第四篇：英语演讲选修课11persuasive
Lesson 11 Persuasive Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student Assignments
What are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching procedures
I.Persuasive speeches on questions of fact
Questions of fact---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion. We do not know enough information to know what it is
Will the economy be better or worse next year?
Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010? The facts are murky or inclusive
What will happen next in the Middle East?
Is sexual orientation genetically determined?
Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topically II.Persuasive speeches on questions of value
Questions of value?---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action. What is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? Matter of fact, value judgments
Speeches on questions of value are mostly organized topically
Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准
Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III.Persuasive speeches on questions of policy
Questions of policy---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动
What to do during spring vocation? Which strategy to use in selling a product? How to maintain economic growth and protect the enviroment ? They are to decide whether something should or should not be done.2.Organizing speeches on Questions of policy
Problem-solution order Problem-cause-solution order
Comparative Advantage order
D.Monroe’s motivated sequence
D.Monroe’s motivated sequence
门罗促动顺序
A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are:
1.attention
2.need
3.satisfaction
4.visualization
（形象化）
5.action
Part 2: Methods of persuasion
Listeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:
I.credibility.II.evidence.III.reasoning.IV.emotions
I.Building credibility
Factors of credibility:
A.Competence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B.Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2.Establishing common ground with your audience
Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3.Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction II.Using evidence
Tips for using evidence 1.Use specific evidence.2.Use novel evidence.3.Use evidence from credible sources 4.Make clear the point of your evidence.III.Reasoning
Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence. Four types of reasoning:
1.Reasoning from specific instances
2.Reasoning from principle
3.Causal reasoning
4.Analogical reasoning
Guidelines for reasoning from specific instances
A.Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording.If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony 2.Reasoning from principle
---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance: All people are mortal. Socrates is a person. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.3.Causal reasoning
---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects. There is a patch of ice on the sidewalk.You slip, fall, and break your arm.You reason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.” or
“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.”
4.Analogical reasoning（类比推理）
---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second. If you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang. In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than three weeks.Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV.Appealing to emotions
Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.
Guidelines for generating emotional appeal
1.Use emotional language 2.Develop vivid example 3.Speak with sincerity and conviction
第五篇：英语演讲选修课Chapter_10_informative
Lesson 10 informative Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student Assignments
What are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching procedures
Informative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding To enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before Convey clearly accurately interestingly Organizational methods
Chronological order
编年顺序
Spatial order
空间顺序 Topical order
主题顺序 Causal order Problem-solution order
Other methods of speech organization
Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship.method of speech organization in which the main points
Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.(Problem-cause-solution order)
Speeches about process
Process: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product. Speeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.3.Speeches about events
Event: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening. chronological order----to recount the history of an event, causal order----to explain the causes and effects
4.Speech about concepts
Concept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like. Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order.One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking
Don’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2.Relate the subject directly to the audience
* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved
3.Don’t be too technical
* Simple, clear language is needed.4.Avoid abstractions One way to avoid abstractions is through description(a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness)
Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons(A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)
5.Personalize your ideas
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