英语作文考前必背

第一篇：英语作文考前必背

考前必背：恩波四六级写作常用句型

--关于利弊、优缺点的句型：

Compared with B, A has(or have)many advantages.2)英语好是她的长处。

She has the advantage of good English.2译：你的计算机知识对你将来的工作十分有利。Your computer knowledge is very beneficial to your future work

3.„benefit sb./sth.(对„有好处)

Benefit from sth.(由于„而受益)译：我们将从技术发明中受益。

We benefit from the technological invention

It benefits us in many ways/respects.4.„do(a lot of)good to sb.(对„有许多好处)译：早晨锻炼对你很有好处。„be good for sb./sth.(对„有益)译：蔬菜和水果有利人的健康。

„do damage to sth.(对„造成损坏)译：这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。

8.Doing sth.is beneficial to„

1.While„has so many advantages, we should not ignore the problems it brings us.2.Just as a coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages，...as well.„说明原因的句型：

1.There are good reasons

Example: There are two reasons for the changes in people’s living conditions.First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy.Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.3.The reason for„is that +

Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus.4.Several factors are responsible for the phenomenon.5.Their opinion is based on the fact that„

7.These/ The following are my reasons for(my choice).表示不同看法的句型：

1.However,toward this phenomenon,people's attitudes(opinions)vary from person to person.Some believe that„ Others argue that„ Still others maintain that„

2.They are quite different from each other in their opinions.5.Which opinion ismore reasonable?From where I stand, I’m inclined to accept the latter/ the second view.8.In my opinion, whether it is good or bad depends on how we look at it.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.表示措施、办法、怎样做打算：

1.We should take some effective measures to stop/ prevent / protect„

2.Faced with such a situation, what shall we do?

3.What should we do to solve the problem?

5.There are several ways to cope with the problem.6.the government should make strict regulations/ laws to ban such practice/ to stop this phenomenon from spreading.7.It’s urgent for us to do something about this.8.We should spare no effort / try every means to„

辩论中常用的句型：

1.There is no doubt that„

1.It is obvious that„

2.As is known to all,„

举例表示法：

To take „ as an example, ,for example

3.Let’s have two examples.One example is„, Another example is„概述(用于图表作文)

1.According to the figures given in the table.2.This chart shows that„

3.As is shown by the graph, „

4.It can be seen from the statistics that„

5.It is generally believed/accepted/thought/held that „ „

6.There isin7.be on the(„在不断地增加，减少，上升、下降)Example: The number of students in the college has been on the rise in recent years.结尾句型：

2.Personally, I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city.3.In short, parents and children should learn to get through to each other.Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.4.In conclusion, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.5.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that “No pains no gains.”

6.From the above analysis, we can see that„/ we come to the conclusion that„

7.Only in this way can we„

8.Only when we„.can we„

1）很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏

Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in 与 ragged in, goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。）

2）利远远大于弊

The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。）

3）他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more

important fact.4)这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果

It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：

We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注： 句中similar to 与 different from具有正反对比的关系和效果）

2.排比

读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健

Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.3.重复

1)现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”

Now is the time to forget everything in the past.Now is the time to get down to the business.Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to)

2)我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作

We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.)

我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功

I am convinced that we can succeed, and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注：and 所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的 I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)

4)我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇

We are now living in a new era, and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注：and 之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.)

4.倒装

充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来

Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.5.转义

1)过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”

What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)

2)我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典

Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)

独立结构的比较用语：

in contrast 与此相反,相比之下

In contrastwith their system, ours seems very old-fashioned.我们的制度与他们的相比,显得过于守旧了。

But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.但是相比之下，对于科学史家来说，伽利略只是在现代才变成了一个成问题的孩子了。likewise

1.同样地,照样地

I told him to watch me and do likewise.我叫他仔细看着我,并且照样做。

2.也,亦,又

To achieve this goal, you must have ambition;likewise you need to exert great efforts.要实现这一目标,你必须有雄心壮志,同时还得十分努力。

8.Whereas

1.(公文用语,常用在句首)鉴于

Whereas the following incidents have occurred...鉴于下列事件业已发生...2.反之;却;而

Some people like fatty meat,whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。

连词：

Accordingly ad.照着，相应地；因此，所以，于是

Additionally adv.另外, 同时, 此外

Additionally, many sociologists and social workers believed that the immigration of eastern and southern Europeans created grave social problems.另外,许多社会学家和社会工作者认为,东、南欧移民带来了重大的社会问题。

6.Furthermore adv.而且, 此外,再者

“The house is too small, and furthermore, it's too far from the office.”＂这座房子太小，而且离办公地点也太远。＂

Furthermore, during recent years, it has become necessary to pay increasing attention to what can loosely be described as “road octane number.”

再者,近几年来对所谓不很严格地称为“公路辛烷值”予以日益增大的注意,已经变得必要了。

9.Moreover 而且,再者，此外I think, moreover, that Nature was not to him a treasury of delight.此外,我认为,大自然对于他来说并不是一种欢乐的宝库。

on the contrary

It doesn't seem ugly to me;on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful.我觉得它并不丑，恰恰相反，它挺美。

归纳用语：

3.most importantly Most importantly, you must work hard to catch up.最为重要的是,你必须努力学习,迎头赶上。

4.worst of all Finally, worst of all, Herb was getting more and more out of hand.最后,最严重的是赫伯越来越不听话。

15.to sum up To sum up, because of various favourable conditions that we enjoy, there is no doubt that we will be able to catch up with the advanced countries.总之,我们拥有各种有利条件,一定能够赶上世界上的先进国家;

表示顺序用语：

to start with, next, in addition, finally

10.on the one hand/ on the other hand

表示个人观点用语：

2.In my opinion,3.I personally believe that

11.As far as I am concerned…

12.From where I stand…

15.I hold the opinion that…

17.I'd like to point out that

表示理由用语：

5.Due to…

6.Owing to…

10.The reason for....is that…

The results are as follows,作文词汇

描述：show;describe;illustrate;reveal;represent

素质教育： education for all-round development

网民 ： netizen(net citizen)网上购物 ： shopping online，Shopping on the Net因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet

网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet

家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring

提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly

满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society

更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life

提高文化，智慧，品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality

1.完全：absolute, unconditional, unlimited, complete, unrestricted, unmixed, perfect, entire

第二篇：考研英语考前必背

2015考研英语考前必背：APEC中国年词典大全

Spouse|配偶

领导人配偶同台亮相给会议提供了一抹亮色。会议周期间的领导人配偶活动，虽然尚无任何细节透露，但毫无疑问会吸引大众的目光。

Leaders' spouses will also attend the APEC meeting.Although details of their activities have not been released, the spouses are certain to get public attention.Transformation|转变

转方式，调结构，稳增长，促改革，是APEC成员的共同任务。北京会议将在经济改革、新经济、创新增长、包容性支持、城镇化等方面进行深入讨论，深化互联网经济、蓝色经济

等前沿领域的合作。

All APEC members need to transform growth methods, adjust structures, stabilize economy and promote reforms.During the Beijing meeting, members will conduct in-depth discussion on an array of issues such as economic reform, innovative growth and urbanization.The members will also deepen cooperation on frontier areas such

as Internet and marine industries.Urbanization|城镇化

中国倡导在APEC开展城镇化领域的合作。城镇化将是未来亚太繁荣发展的一个重要增

长动力。

China advocates cooperation of urbanization at APEC.Urbanization will be an important engine driving the future prosperity of Asia-Pacific.Value Chain|价值链

一部手机的生产过程可能涵盖10到15个国家，全球价值链的形成已成为各经济体贸易与产业分工合作发展到新高度的重要标志，也为贸易投资自由化的深入发展增添了新动力。今年5月的APEC贸易部长会议批准了《促进亚太地区全球价值链发展战略蓝图》等文件。

About 10 to 15 countries are involved in making a mobile phone.The formation of global value chain is an important sign that trade and industrial cooperation among member economies has reached a new height.The global value chain also provides new momentum for in-depth development of free trade and investment.World Attention|世界瞩目

13年后，APEC会议再次在中国举行，来自全球的数千名记者云集采访。各方期待今年的APEC在推进区域经济一体化方面取得实实在在的进展;期待亚太继续引领世界经济的复苏和增长;期待中国为APEC发展和亚太振兴做出新贡献。

More than 4,000 journalists have gathered in Beijing to cover the APEC meeting.The world expects the meeting to achieve tangible progress in advancing regional economic integration.The world also hopes the Asia-Pacific region to continue driving the global economic recovery.China is expected to make new contributions

to reviving the Asia-Pacific region.Xi Jinping|习近平

领导人非正式会议将于10日至11日举行。习近平主席将主持和出席十多场重要活动，包括：出席亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会开幕式并发表主旨演讲、主持亚太经合组织领导人与工商咨询理事会代表对话会、出席并主持两个阶段的领导人会议和工作午宴、按惯例同与会经济体领导人和代表合影并共同参加亚太伙伴林植树活动等。

Chinese President Xi Jinping will chair and participate in a series of important meetings, including addressing the APEC CEO Summit, chairing the APEC Business Advisory Council Dialogue with Leaders and chairing the Economic Leaders' Meeting.Yanqi Lake|雁栖湖

距北京市中心约50公里的怀柔雁栖湖，是此次APEC会议周的最重头戏——领导人非正式会议会场所在地。雁栖岛上的国际会议中心、贵宾别墅、日出东方酒店、国际会展中心，既是会议成功举办的坚实保障，也是体现低碳环保理念的示范。岛上还设有3000个鸟舍，供鸟类在迁徙中歇脚。

The APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting will be held near Yanqi Lake, 50 kilometers north of Beijing's downtown area.On the Yanqi Island, a conference center, hotel, exhibition center and VIP villas all use green technologies.Altogether 3,000 bird nests have been built for bird migrations.Zero Tariff|零关税

从自贸区建设到互联互通，是否有一天APEC区域内真会实现“零关税”这个理想化的目标?若是如此，以后在上海买苹果手机说不定就跟在美国加州的价格一样了。

One day there may be no tariff between APEC economies with the development of the free trade area and regional connectivity.If that comes true, people may pay the same amount of money to buy an iPhone in Shanghai as they do in California.

第三篇：高考英语考前必背优秀作文

高考英语考前必背优秀作文

一：假定你是李华。近日有网友在推特贴出了中国大妈带领美国大妈在新泽西大跳广场舞的照片，你的美国朋友David看过后，很想了解中国流行的广场舞（square dance）的相关情况。请你用英语给他写封回信，要点包括：

1)广场舞跳的时间、地点、参与人员等；

2)广场舞流行的原因；

Dear David，I am writing to tell you something about the square dance in China.As can be seen from the name, square dance usually takes place at the square, where there is large space for lots of people to get together.In the morning or after dinner, people, especially elderly women, will gather in squares to dance to popular music.With its popularity, more and more young people are also joining in.There are many reasons behind its popularity.First of all, with social and economical development people have more time and energy to enjoy and relax themselves.Besides, it provides people with a platform to make new friends and doing the square dance is a good way for people to keep fit.If you want to know more about the square dance ,welcome to China to experience it by yourself.Li Hua

二、假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom 刚被牛津大学录取，邀请你去参加今周六举行的庆祝party,你刚好不能参加，请回信说明理由。内容要点：

1.祝贺录取

2.不能前往的原因

3.祝福 Dear Tom，Congratulations on your being admitted to Oxford University!

I’m grateful and honored to be invited to your celebration party to be held this Saturday evening.However, much to my regret, I have to decline your kind invitation.As you know, a Chinese Poetry Competition is being held in our school and I have successfully entered the final round competition, which happens to be scheduled on this Saturday and will not end until late into the evening.It’s a great pity that I can’t make it to your party.But I’ve prepared a gift for you and hopeful you will like it.May your party be a great success and enjoy yourself that day!

Yours

Li Hua

三、假设你是李华，你校学生会将在下个学期在学校每周举行文化周活动，先向同学们征求意见，请向学生会写一封信，内容包括： 1.你的态度

2.你的建议

3.活动意义

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Dear Students Union, I heard that our school would organize “Lecture Week” next term so as to broaden our vision.I strongly agree to your decision that we’ll attend a series of lectures on different topics.It is said that there will be a lecture every day during the week.During the Lecture Week, as we will invite some famous professors to give us speeches on various subjects, I suggest a lecture on how to study English effectively should be included.The reason is that many students in our school are not so good at English.We have a strong desire to improve it.The Lecture Week, in my opinion, is a great chance to enrich our school life as well as encourage us to study successfully.I sincerely hope that we students will have such wonderful time in the Lecture Week.Best wishes!

Li Hua

四：假如你是李华，你的加拿大网友Mike圣诞节期间打算来中国，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣，希望你能为他推荐一些名胜古迹。请你用英语给他发一封电子邮件，向他推荐一个或两个你所喜欢的名胜古迹。要点：

1．简介你推荐的名胜古迹； 2．叙述你推荐的理由； 3．表达你的祝愿。Dear Mike，I’m glad to know that you are coming to China during Christmas.The following is a brief introduction about some places of interest that I strongly recommend to you.The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders in the world, which is visible from outer space.Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance，the Great Wall attracts a lot of tourists，scientists，and historians.The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea near the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay.The view of the West Lake is simply charming.Different time and different weather make it a different scene.I am looking forward to your arrival.There are many other wonderful places here.Wish you a nice journey.Yours，Li Hua

五：你校将要举行一次主题为“How to Communicate with Our Parents”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。要点如下： 1．尊重并信任父母；

2．常与父母聊天；

3．换位思考问题。参考词汇：换位思考put oneself in sb’s shoes

How to Communicate with Our Parents Hello，everyone.I’d like to share my ideas about the topic of communicating with our parents.Parents are the people who love us

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most，so it’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them.Here are my ideas on how to make it easier to communicate with parents.First，it goes without saying that we should respect and trust our parents.They have experienced more and always try their best to protect us from dangers.In addition，if we often talk with them about our life and experiences，we will know each other better.What’s more，we can often tell our parents how much we love them.If sometimes we don’t agree with our parents’ decisions，we should try to put ourselves into their shoes and we will soon understand them.Remember what they really want is only the best for us.Thank you for listening.六：近年来大城市交通拥堵严重，影响了人们的生活和经济发展，对此人们十分抱怨。假如你是李华，请用英语给报社写封信。要点：1.交通现状及影响；

2.提出改进建议； 3.希望建议被采纳。Dear editor, I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic.Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people ’s daily life and economic development.To solve the problem, I’d like to put forward some pieces of advice.For one thing, more streets and roads should be built.In this way, we can speed up the flow of buses and cars.For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, which can decrease the traffic flow.But the most important thing is that the number of private cars should be put under control.Meanwhile, it is suggested that buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles.Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly.I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration.i Hua

七：假设你是李华，临近毕业了，你给高中英语老师Miss.Li写一封感谢信，内容要点如下：

1．表示感谢；

2．你的近况；

3．你对大学的展望以及上大学后的打算。

Dear Miss Li，How is everything going? I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind help with my study.With your help，I make great progress in English.I am Senior Three now.Devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge, which will definitely promise me a good performance in my college entrance exams.I hope that I can be admitted into my dream university, one with good equipment and learned professors.When I am in college, I won’t bury myself in books the whole day.Instead, I’ll be active and take part in many after-class activities where I can develop my social skills and my potential.3 / 6

Additionally, it goes without saying that I will try my best to make more friends.I firmly believe that only in this way can I make my college life more colorful.Thanks again.Wish you a good day.Look forward to your early reply.Yours truly，Li Hua

八：假如你是高三学生李华，请写一篇演讲稿，准备代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下：

1)毕业的心情； 2)高中三年的收获； 3)感谢和决心。

Good morning, everyone.I’m Li Hua.It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech.It has been three years since I started my high school.At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life in university.During the three years, not only have I made some true friends who shared sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained various knowledge.Before leaving, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers.It was they who patiently answered our endless questions.Besides, I owe many thanks to my dear classmates.Without their help and encouragement, I couldn’t have overcome so many difficulties.Now I’ve been determined to lead a more meaningful life in university and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents.Thank you for your listening.七：假设你是李华，于上周六搭乘某运输公司大巴回老家看望爷爷奶奶，到站后，发现遗失了黄色行李箱(80 cm×40 cm×25 cm)，箱内装有给爷爷奶奶的礼物、个人衣物及几本书。现请用英文给该运输公司写一封信，请他们帮你寻找。要点包括： 1．陈述写信原因；

2．描述行李箱；

3．期待回复并表示感谢。

Dear Sir or Madam，My name is Li Hua，and I was a passenger on your early bus last Saturday, travelling from the center of the city to the village.Unfortunately，I found that my suitcase got lost when I arrived at the stop.I am therefore writing to ask for your help in finding my suitcase.The suitcase is a yellow one，80 cm long，40 cm wide and 25 cm thick，with my name tag on the back.It contains some clothes and several books about history.There are also some presents I bought for my grandparents.It will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find it.I would greatly appreciate it if you could help find my lost suitcase.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，4 / 6

Li Hua 九：假如你是李华，最近你比较关注美国文化，尤其对美国的节日感兴趣。请你给你的美国网友Tom写一封电子邮件，询问关于感恩节的一些情况。要点如下：

1．介绍自己的近况；

2．询问关于感恩节的一些情况；

3．表示感谢。

Dear Tom，Thanks for your e－mail last time.I’d like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture，especially American festivals.When it comes to American festivals，what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day.Since I have never spent the festival in America in person，I know little about it.I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it.My questions are as follows：How did it come into being？How and when do people celebrate it？What’s its significance? I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you in advance.Best wishes!

Yours，Li Hua 十：假设美国某中学师生一行要来你校开展联谊活动，学校指定你代表学生会在联谊会上发言。请你用英语写一篇发言稿。要点：

1．欢迎来宾；

2．介绍学校(设施、老师、学生)

3.对联谊活动的期盼

Ladies and gentlemen，I feel greatly honoured to be here with the guests from the USA.Now allow me to express our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our American guests on behalf of the Student Union.Here I’d like to make a brief introduction to our school.As you can see，our classrooms and science buildings are well equipped，with many trees and tall buildings around them.To make things better，our teachers are devoted and kind-hearted.Whenever we meet with difficulties，they will come to help us.Besides，we students are all hard－working and always help each other，as if we were a big family.In our Student Union，we have several clubs，which are founded by students of similar interest.In a word，this is a wonderful place to study and make friends.In the following days we will experience our colorful school life together and hopefully it will become an unforgettable memory in your life.That’s all.Thank you.十一：在学习、生活和工作中，学会与人合作是非常重要的，请你写一篇题为“Being a Good Partner ”的英文演讲稿。要点：1.合作的意义

2.怎样成为好的合作伙伴 3.你的观点

/ 6

Good afternoon, everyone!The topic of my speech today is “being a good partner”.Cooperation is a good way for us to learn from each other as well as to improve our friendship.Besides，successful cooperation can save us a lot of time and energy.How can we become a good partner? As for me, first of all, there is no doubt that we should try to listen to others’ opinions.If he makes mistakes, we’d better try to point them out in a polite way.Besides, never force our own ideas on others.Sometimes, it can be difficult to team up with someone we dislike.In this case, we should learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.Wish my views would be helpful.Thank you for your listening!

/ 6

第四篇：政治考前必背2013

一、关于消费

（一）影响消费的因素？

生产；收入；物价；消费观

（二）扩大内需，刺激消费的意义何在？

①消费对生产起着重要的反作用，消费拉动经济增长、促进生产发展，生产出来的产品被消费了，这种产品的生产过程才算最终完成。消费是物质生产总过程的最终目的和动力；消费所形成的新的需要，对生产的调整和升级起着导向作用；一个新的消费热点的出现，往往能带动一个产业的出现和成长；消费为生产创造出新的劳动力，能提高劳动力的质量，提高劳动者的生产积极性。②贯彻科学发展观，加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。

（三）怎样刺激消费、扩大内需？

①落实以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。②发展经济，扩大就业，千方百计增加居民收入。

③发挥财政的积极作用，建立、健全社会保障制度。

④努力实现社会公平,统筹城乡经济发展。

⑤加强政府的宏观调控，稳定物价，整顿和规范市场经济秩序。

⑥树立正确的消费观。

（四）运用经济生活，应如何拒绝舌尖上的浪费？

①国家：引导全社会树立正确的消费观；加强宏观调控，综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段控制浪费现象，将杜绝浪费纳入法制轨道。

②企业：制定正确的经营战略，提高服务水平和质量；树立正确的金钱观,树立良好的信誉、形象，承担社会责任。

③消费者：树立正确的金钱观，树立科学、合理的消费观，理性消费,勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗。

（五）为什么要参与“光盘行动”？

勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗是社会主义荣辱观的体现；从历史角度看，勤俭节约，艰苦奋斗是中华民族的传统美德和优良作风；从现实国情看，我国正处在社会主义初级阶段，是发展中的人口大国更要戒奢从俭；从民族的存在和发展看，一个没有艰苦奋斗的民族，难以自立自强；从个人成长看，艰苦奋斗有助于我们战胜困难，成就事业。

（六）运用《政治生活》，政府在拒绝舌尖上的浪费应如何作为？

①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则；

②政府必须认真履行市场监管、社会管理等经济职能;履行文化建设职能（其它职能视材料写）；

③树立政府权威：依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。（视材料写其中的内容）

（七）青少年学生应积极投入“光盘行动”中。请提出两条具体建议，并分别说明其哲学道理。

①适量点餐：量变是质变的前提和必要准备，坚持适度原则。（或：点滴节约，量的积累）

②剩菜打包：坚持正确意识的指导（或：坚持正确价值观的指引）

二、关于诚信

(一)诚信经营必要性和重要性

（1）对国家：有利于建立良好的市场秩序，有利于合理配置资源，使市场经济健康发展。诚实守信是现代市场经济正常运行必不可少的条件。社会信用缺失会直接导致市场秩序混乱、交易萎缩、坑蒙拐骗盛行，进而导致投资不足、经济衰退。

（2）对企业：诚信经营，是企业良好的信誉和形象所在。是企业的无形资产，关系到企业成败。促使企业生产高质量的产品和提供优质的服务。

（3）对消费者：有利于维护消费者的合法权益。

（二）如何加强诚信建设？

（1）国家：①形成以道德为支撑、法律为保障的社会信用制度，是规范市场秩序的治本之策。

②建立比较完善的市场规则。以法律法规、行业规范、市场道德规范等形式，对市场运行的方方面面作出的具体规定；遵循诚实信用原则。③综合运用经济、法律、行政等宏观调控手段.（2）企业：要遵守法律，要有道德，要增强社会责任感,自觉树立诚信观念。

（3）消费者：要学法、懂法、守法，要有维权意识和维权行动。

总之，每个经济活动参与者都必须学法、懂法、守法，既保证自己的经济活动符合法律的规范，又能够运用法律维护自己的权益。

三、关于“自主创新”

（一）意义

国家角度：第一，这是落实以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。

第二，是提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家的需要，增加国家的竞争力。建设创新型国家是国家发展战略的核心，是提高综合国力的关键。

第三，是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路，实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。企业：有利于企业采用新技术、改善经营管理，以提高劳动生产率；有利于增强企业研发自主品牌的能力。总之，有利于提高企业的经济效益，提高增强市场竞争力。

个人 ：有利于提高劳动者素质，增强就业能力。

（二）怎么做

国家角度：第一，贯彻以人为本的科学发展观要求，实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。

第二，建设创新型国家的需要，增加国家的竞争力。

第三，是加快转变经济发展方式、推动产业结构优化升级的需要。走中国特色新型工业化道路，实现主要由依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。

企业：科技创新、管理创新，以提高劳动生产率；研发自主品牌，增强市场竞争力。

个人 ：劳动者要努力学习，提高技能和素质，要有创新意识和创新实践。

四、关于“生态文明”（低碳经济）

（一）为什么？

（二）怎么做？（同上，换个行为动词）

第一，这是落实的科学发展观要求，有利于实现全面协调可持续发展,做到统筹兼顾,实现国民经济又好又快发展的要求。

第二，有利于加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级。有利于走中国特色新型工业化道路，有利于实现由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。

第三，有利于加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力。第四，有利于提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家。

第五，有利于人们树立正确消费观，确立绿色消费的理念，勤俭节约，保护消费者健康。

（二）经济生活角度谈怎么做？

（1）政府应如何作为？

①贯彻落实科学发展观，建设生态文明，促进国民经济又好又快发展；（根据材料，写上第一要义，或者核心、基本要求、根本方法）②提高自主创新能力，建设创新型国家（或者省份、城市）；

③转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级；

④加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护，增强可持续发展能力；

⑤加强宏观调控，综合运用经济、法律和行政手段。

（2）企业应如何担当？

①贯彻落实科学发展观；发展循环经济。

②提高自主创新能力，通过科技和管理的创新降低排放。

③转变经济发展方式，调整产品结构。

（3）消费者应如何担当？

消费者要树立正确的消费观，做理智的消费者，坚持低碳生活，保护环境，绿色消费，勤俭节约、艰苦奋斗。

（三）从《政治生活》角度，分析政府应如何作为？

①政府必须坚持为人民服务的宗旨、对人民负责的工作原则；

②政府必须认真履行提供社会公共服务的职能，（其它职能视材料写）；③树立政府权威：依法行政、审慎用权、高效廉洁、科学决策、自觉接受人民监督。（视材料写其中的内容）

五、影响公司经营与发展的主要因素

（1）要制定正确的经营战略。

（2）要提高自主创新能力，依靠科技进步、科学管理等手段，形成自己的竞争优势。（价格、产品质量、服务水平、品牌效应）

（3）要诚信经营，树立良好的信誉和企业形象（产品和服务）。信誉和形象是企业的无形资产，公司是否诚信经营，关系到企业成败。

（4）除此以外，建立健全现代企业制度、进行兼并和强强联合、提高经营者素质、优化组织结构、转变经济发展方式、自主创新自主品牌等也是影响公司经营成败的重要因素。

六、如何提高开放型经济水平

（1）提高开放型经济水平的要求:在新世纪新阶段，我们必须拓展对外开放的广度和深度，提高开放型经济水平。要把“引进来”与“走出去”更好的结合起来，扩大开放领域，优化开放结构，提高开放质量，完善内外联运、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和竞争的新优势。

在新形势下，我们要创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，发挥利用外资在推动自主创新、产业升级、区域协调发展等方面的积极作用。

从“引进来”到“走出去”，意味着我国对外开放发展到了一个新层次。

（2）我国实行对外开放，发展对外经济关系，必须坚持独立自主，自力更生的原则。中国是人口众多的发展中的社会主义大国，任何时候都不能依靠别人搞建设，必须把独立自主、自力更生作为自己发展的根本基点。独立自主、自力更生不是闭关自守，不是盲目排外。而是在立足于自身发展的基础上实行对外开放。例：高科技电子设备产品附加值“微笑曲线”图

• 材料

一、美国一份题为《抓住苹果全球网络中的价值》的研究报告揭示了苹果公司产品全球供应链的价值分布：把技术含量高、附加值高的iPhone零部件生产分解到韩国及欧洲六个国家的九家企业，然后出口到中国进行组装，再由中国出口到美国进入苹果公司销售网络。在整个产业链中，苹果作为iPhone的创造者，拿到了利润的58.5%，而完成组装的中国工人只分得iPhone总价值的1.8%，这反映出高科技电子设备中创造者和制造者的差距。

• 材料

二、回顾过去十年的风雨历程，伴随着经济全球化的进程，我国经济在快速发展的同时，也面临着一系列挑战：如美国屡以中国长期保持对美国的巨额贸易顺差（出口＞进口）为由，施加压力要求人民币升值以解决中国贸易失衡问题；高新技术产品出口比重虽在上升，但技术含量及产品附加值低，自主知识产权品牌少；缺乏核心技术和美元贬值使我国的经济安全受到威胁。

（1）分析图和材料一，概括出其中所蕴含的经济信息。（4分）

（2）结合图和材料一，从公司经营的角度，为我国企业参与国际分工出谋献策。（6分）

36、（1）①经济全球化促进了生产领域的国际分工。

• ②研发和售后在产业链的高端；我国企业自主创新能力不强，处于全球产业链的低端。

• ③经济全球化实质上是以发达资本主义国家为主导的。

•（其他解答若针对性强，言之成理，可酌情给分）

•（2）①加大科技研发投入，要有自主品牌、促进自主创新，形成自己的竞争优势。

• ②加快产品升级和转型。

• ③不断改进营销方式，成功的经营策略有利于企业达到盈利目的。

•（学生如答到“提高产品的质量”，“诚实守信经营”，“产品结构调整”等观点，言之成理，可酌情给分。）

七、关于物价

（一）物价上涨或下跌的原因可能有哪些？

（1）价值决定（成本上升），社会劳动生产率的提高；

（2）供求关系的变化；

此外，国家的宏观调控。

（二）价值规律的内容与表现形式

对等价交换的理解（只存在于平均数之中）

（三）物价上涨带来的影响

对生活（一般情况下的影响；对必须品的影响；对互补品的影响）

对生产

（四）控制物价的意义

控制物价上涨：有利于提高消费水平

（1）价格变动对人们生活的影响

①一般来说，一种商品价格上升时，人们会减少对它的购买；反之亦然。②价格变动对生活必需品需求量的影响小，对高档耐用品需求量影响大。

③一种商品价格变动还会影响相关的其他商品的价格和需求量。在可相互替代的两种商品中，一种商品价格上涨，消费者将减少对该商品的需求量，将增加对其替代品的需求量；反之亦然。在有互补关系的商品中，一种商品价格上涨，需求量会下降，导致对另一种商品需求量减少；反之亦然。

（2）价格变动对生产经营的影响

①调节生产规模。一种商品价格下降，生产者会减少产量；价格上涨，生产者会增加产量。

②提高劳动生产率。企业提高了劳动生产率，才能缩短个别劳动时间，提供降价空间，使其在价格竞争乃至生存竞争中更具优势。

③生产适销对路的高质量的产品。生产者提供质量好的适销对路的产品，就能获取较大的市场份额，获取更多的利润。

第五篇：考前必背：考研英语写作11篇经典

范文(一)

Writing(图画提纲式议论文)

Directions: Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should

1)describe the cartoons,

2)state its main idea, and give your comment.

You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

范文

These two cartoons show two contrasting scenes.While the male student spends all his time and money playing Internet games, the female student studies diligently.One could easily argue that a bright future awaits the students who study hard, while those who waste tuition playing games have little to look forward to.The above images encourage students to value their time in school and take advantage of educational opportunities.

While students dream of being accepted into college for years, they often become lost once admitted.Without their parents' constant support and advice, or because of limited communication with teachers, many students are unable to focus on their future goals.Such confusion leads some to forget their studies and resort to playing on the Internet, among other forms of recreation.Students should not only keep their ambitions in mind, but also seriously strive towards them.Without a clear purpose, one might easily waste crucial years neglecting one's studies.

Constantly playing on the Internet leads to failure, while continuously studying guarantees success.Students need to appreciate their time in school, and work hard in order to ensure a good future.译文：

这两幅漫画描述了两个形成鲜明对照的场景，第一幅画中的男生在网络游戏中虚掷了所有的时间和金钱，而第二幅画中的女生却在勤勉地学习。可以很容易得出结论：对于刻苦学习的学生，一个美好的未来在等候着他们；而浪费学费玩游戏的学生没有什么指望了。上面这两幅画激励学生们珍惜在校的时光和受教育的机会。

经过多年的梦寐以求终于跨进大学门槛的学生，却往往迷失了自己。因为没有了父母常在身边的支持和建议，或是缺乏与老师的沟通，很多学生找不到自己未来的奋斗目标。而这种困惑就使得一些学生扔掉书本，靠各种消遣——包括玩网络游戏——来打发时光。大学生不应只空谈理想，应该认真地为之奋斗，而没有明确的目标则会让一个人在度过他至关紧要的几年后头脑空空。

沉湎于网络游戏只会导致失败，而坚持不懈的学习则能收获成功。大学生们一定要珍惜在校时光，为了美好的未来而努力。

范文

The images above are both meaningful and instructive: this man's hard work is not only for his own benefit, but also for the benefit of future generations.The pictures serve to remind us that the existence of our current happiness and valuable national heritage is due to the struggles of our predecessors.We, in turn, should also work hard in order to guarantee the comfort and safety of generations to come.Sustainable development has become a topic of heated debate in recent years.While it is justifiable to satisfy current demands, we cannot neglect the needs of our descendants in the process.Our children also depend on Earth's natural resources and we should not deprive them of such necessities.Unfortunately, many people only think of their short term, personal interests.An entire forest might be clear cut, in the interest of making a profit, without a single tree planted in its place.This inconsiderate attitude towards the welfare of our descendants, as well the indifference to the outcome of such reckless actions, can only turn Earth into a cold and lifeless planet.People must be taught to appreciate Earth as not only their home, but also the home of our children and grandchildren, as well as all other plants and animals.While making great efforts to increase our current quality of life, we must simultaneously consider how our actions will affect future lives.译文：

上面的漫画意味深长而发人深省，栽树人的艰辛劳作不只是为了他自己，也是为了后人。这幅漫画是为了提醒我们今天的幸福生活和宝贵的民族遗产归功于我们祖先的奋斗，而我们，反过来，也要努力劳动来确保我们后代的幸福和平安。

可持续发展是近几年的热点话题，虽然我们要满足自己当前的需要，但不能将子孙后代的需求抛置脑后。我们的孩子同样需要自然资源，我们不能剥夺他们的这份必需品。不幸的是很多人只考虑他们短视的、自私的利益。为了获得利润，整片的森林被砍光，一棵树都不留下。这种不顾及子孙福利的态度，和对这种轻率行为的后果的无动于衷，只会让我们的地球变成一个冷冰冰而无生气的行星。

必须告诫人们的是：地球不仅是他们的家园，也是他们的孩子和所有后代的家园，还是其他所有的植物和动物的家园。在努力提高今天的生活质量的同时，我们必须考虑到我们的行为会对未来的生命产生什么样的影响。

美丽不是表面的 范文

In the above cartoons, a young woman happily eats bananas and casually discards the peels on the street, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to others.In the next illustration a disabled man struggles to properly dispose of the trash she has left behind.Despite the girl's youth and beauty, it is the disabled man who is truly beautiful.True beauty comes from one's actions rather than one's appearance.While most of us enjoy pretty appearances, it is more important to cultivate a clean and beautiful soul.Only such souls can create a genuinely beautiful society.Chinese traditionally uphold the virtues of modesty, generosity，broadmindedness, and politeness.Confucian teachings such as: “do not do to others as you would not want done to you” and “one should be delighted to hear criticism,” are wise and worthwhile.If people embody these teachings our society can only improve and progress.The thoughts of great minds like Confucius are also worth studying.His writings set fine and noble examples for us to follow.Another proverb thus comes to mind: in the company of three one always can find a teacher.We should always be willing and able to learn from those around us.译文：

在上面的漫画里，一个年轻女子愉快地吃着香蕉，然后随手就把香蕉皮扔到了街上——丝毫没顾及到这样的举动不仅会污染环境，还会给他人带来危险。而在接下来的那幅图中，一位残疾人艰难地把她扔下的垃圾清理掉了。虽然这个女孩年轻貌美，但真正美的是那位残疾人。真正的美是出自行动而不是外表，虽然我们每个人都喜欢漂亮的外貌，但更重要的是培养纯净、美丽的心灵，只有这样的心灵才能创造出真正美好的社会。中国自古推崇谦逊、宽宏、心胸开阔和以礼待人的美德。

孔夫子的教导：“己所不欲，勿施于人”、“闻过则喜”是明智的并值得我们遵循。如果人们把这些箴言都落实到生活中，那么我们的社会就会得到改善和进步。大思想家孔子的思想是值得我们学习的。他的著述给我们留下了杰出、高尚的楷模让我们效仿。另一句谚语又浮现在我的脑海里：“三人行，必有我师”。我们必须随时愿意和能够向周围的人们学习。

范文(四)

Writing(图画提纲式议论文)

Directions:

A.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.B.Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:

1.Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed

2.Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon..范文：

Indicated above are pictures that show trees play a vital role in water and soil conservation.In the left hand picture, people are fleeing from voracious sand dunes because they cut down all the trees.The caption reads, “As the sand advances, we retreat.” In the right hand picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water and samplings for the reforestation of the land.We are informed that, “As we advances, the sand retreats.”

It seems that the cartoonist is sending a message about the significance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification.In fact, what he is saying is if we do not fight against the sand, it will drive us away from the land.If we let this situation go as it is, our environment will suffer a great destruction.The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture.There the local people are vigorously setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile.The fact that there are three people in the picture, each with a different job suggests that cooperative efforts is one of the keys to success in the battle against soil erosion and only in this way can desertification be finally defeated.(225)

译文：

如图所示，树木对水土保持起着至关重要的作用。左图中，人们被贪婪的沙丘追赶，因为他们砍伐了所有的树木。标题写着：“沙进我退”。右图中，人们拿着工具、水和树苗回来重新植树造林。我们被告知：“我进沙退”。

我认为，漫画家要告诉我们的是：树木对水土保持的重要性，以及每个人参与抵制沙化威胁的必要性。实际上，他要说的是如果我们不与沙漠做斗争，它会把我们从土地上赶走。如果我们让这种情况继续下去，环境将遭到巨大的破坏。

第二幅图清楚地说明了击退贪婪沙漠的方法。那里的人们正在热情高涨地着手植树造林、收回土地，使它变得肥沃。图中三个人每人干不同的工作，这说明合作努力是成功防止土壤侵蚀的关键之一,只有这样才能战胜沙漠化

假冒伪劣产品

范文

As the picture given depicts, the socialist market-oriented economy in our country is developing rapidly, just like a truck running at a high speed.But the general public is surprised to find that there are more and more fake and inferior products seriously hampering the expansion of our market economy.Consumers have to be very careful in purchasing goods and services they need;otherwise they will fall into the traps set by the illegal manufacturers.There is no doubt that fake and inferior products are extremely harmful.In the first place, they endanger people’s health, giving rise to a lot of injury accidents.For instance, inferior-quality medicines not only aggravate a patient’s condition, but also tend to threaten his life and, what’s worse, to result in his death.Secondly, fake and inferior products are usually sold on the cheap.In many cases they interfere with the normal economic order in our country, affecting the marketing of many high-quality goods.This, in a great degree, hinders the development of our socialist market economy and harms the interests of our state.Therefore, we can say that fake and inferior products are a dangerous “tumor” in our healthy economy, which must be cut away as soon as possible.In my opinion, several strong measures should be adopted to fight against fake and inferior products.On the one hand, those who make them deserve to be severely punished by the law.On the other hand, consumers should learn to discern between true and false.Only in this way can they defend their own legal rights and interests.(263 words)

译文：

正如所给的图画所描绘的, 我国社会主义市场经济正在迅速发展, 就像一辆高速行驶的卡车。但是公众惊讶地发现, 越来越多的假冒伪劣产品严重地阻碍了我国市场经济的发展。消费者必须经常谨慎地去购买他们所需的货物或服务, 否则他们会落入不法制假人所设的陷阱。

毫无疑问, 假冒伪劣产品极其有害。首先, 它们危害人民的健康, 引发了许多伤害事故。例如，伪劣药品不仅使病人的病情恶化, 而且往往会威胁病人的生命, 更糟的是, 导致病人的死亡。其次, 假冒伪劣产品通常廉价出售。在许多情况下, 它们又干扰了我国正常的经济秩序, 影响了许多高质量产品的销路。这在很大程度上阻碍了我国社会主义市场经济的健康发展, 并损害了我们国家的利益。因此, 我们可以说, 假冒伪劣产品是我们健康经济中的一颗“毒瘤”, 对此必须尽快清除。

依我看, 必须采取若干有力措施来与假冒伪劣产品斗争。一方面, 制假者应该依法严惩。另一方面, 消费者应该学会识别真假。只有这样, 消费者才能维护他们的合法权益。

范文

Basically, what we see in this picture is a bird lamenting the fact that its home has been destroyed.Of course, birds usually make their homes in trees, and since there are no trees left in the picture – only the stumps, to show that the original trees have been chopped down – the bird is left without shelter.In fact, the bird has no choice but to perch on the handle of an axe, which has been used to destroy its original home.We can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of forests, which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet.He seems to be saying that soon there will be no trees left in the world.In my opinion, the sad little bird is a symbol of all living things, including human beings, and, like the bird, we too will be left homeless if we allow the destruction of the environment to continue.This simple picture is a wake – up call for the whole of the human race.If this vivid image of the grim future of our planet is not to become a reality, we must take positive steps right now to put an end the plundering of the Earth’s natural resources.It is clear that the drawer of the picture is urging us to start with a campaign to save the forests, which is something all of us can join by urging our local authorities to take positive measures to save the trees.译文：

我们主要能从这幅图上看到的是一只小鸟为自己的家被毁坏而悲伤。当然，鸟类通常把家建在树上，因为图中没有树了—-只有树桩，表明原来的树被砍伐了—这只鸟无处藏身。实际上，这只鸟别无选择，只能停在被用来破坏它原来家园的斧柄上。

我们可以从图中推测出画家试图把我们的注意力吸引到森林遭到破坏这一悲剧上，而这正是威胁地球生态平衡的一部分。他似乎想说很快世界上将没有树了，但我认为这只可怜的小鸟象征包括人类在内的所有生物。而且，如果我们允许继续破坏环境，我们也会像小鸟一样无家可归。

这幅简单的图画是对全人类的一个警钟。如果不想让这个对这个星球可怕未来的生动的描绘变成现实，我们现在必须采取积极的措施停止掠夺地球的自然资源。很明显，画家在力劝我们开始拯救森林的行动。我们都可以参与，敦促当地政府采取措施拯救树木。

范文：

The cartoon presents the Earth with a personified human face that seems quite unhappy.A examination of the picture immediately reveals that the source of its mood is the air pollution resulting from a huge number of automobiles spread around its surface.The cartoon, no doubt, aims at alarming humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable production and usage of automobiles.However, the majority of people merely indulge in the celebration of the convenience brought by cars, while forgetting or simply neglecting their harmful impact on the atmosphere.Admittedly, there are various factors contributing to the current worldwide air pollution, but it is undeniable that the exhaust from automobiles is categorized as one of the major elements.I would like to make the following proposals to solve this problem: firstly, we should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels.It should also be guaranteed that the clean energy be inexpensive so that it can be widely accepted.Besides, there should be attempts to develop possible transportation means, so that citizens can be diverted from dependence on cars.In short, it is humans' responsibility to resume clean air for Earth.译文：

这幅漫画以拟人的方式呈现地球，它的脸显得非常不高兴。仔细观察这幅图就会发现其郁闷来自于空气污染，这是由于其表面上有着无数车辆在行驶。

毫无疑问，这幅漫画意在向人们敲响警钟，即人类永不知足的生产和使用汽车给我们的地球带来了巨大的负担。但是，大部分人却沉溺于汽车带来方便，而忘记了或者是忽略了其对大气层的负面影响。诚然，有很多因素导致了现在的全球空气污染问题，但是不能否认的是汽车废气被归为最重要的因素之一。

为了解决这个问题，我想提出以下建议：第一，我们应该运用最先进的技术从而以新能源替代化石燃料。同时，我们要确保清洁能源的价格低廉以得到大众的接受。此外，我们应该尝试发展各种交通方式，这样市民们能够摆脱对于汽车

晚期癌症病人请求安乐死。我们怎么办？

范文

Mercy killing is one of the most controversial issues in the world of medicine.As the picture given above depicts, a late-stage cancer patient is terminally-ill, asking the doctors for mercy killing.But the doctors look deeply embarrassed, feeling helpless because they are at a loss what to do about it.The picture really sets me thinking.It implies that people differ in their attitudes towards the mercy killing.Some people think that physician-assisted suicide can relieve dying patients of unbearable pain and suffering.They maintain that as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, he has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.Others are strongly opposed to physician-assisted suicide.They contend that a doctor has no right to give a patient sufficient medication to control his pain if that may hasten death.They conclude that it is illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.As far as I’m concerned, doctors have a duty to help dying patients to alleviate their pain and suffering.I also agree that doctors deserve to be punished if they prolong the needless suffering of their terminally-ill patients.In short, I am in favor of mercy killing.(207 words)

译文：

安乐死是医学界最有争议的问题之一。正如上面所示的画所描绘的，一位晚期癌症病人病入膏肓，请求医生们实施安乐死。但医生们看上去十分尴尬，感到无能为力，因为他们不知道该怎么办。

这幅画确实发人深省。它暗示，人们在对待安乐死上看法不一致。有些人认为，医助自杀可以减轻垂死病人不堪忍受的痛苦。他们主张，只要医生开药是为了合法的医疗目的，那么即使病人使用这种药物加速了死亡，医生也没有做什么违法的事。其他人则强烈反对医助自杀。他们坚持认为，医生无权给病人开足以控制痛苦的药物，如果那样做会加速死亡的话。他们的结论是，医生帮助垂危病人结束生命是违法的。

依我看，医生有义务帮助垂死病人缓解病痛。我还认为，如果医生延长了垂死病人不必要的痛苦的话，那他们应该受到惩处。总之，我赞成安乐死。

范文：

People have the illusion that they can do anything with money.Just as what is shown in the picture, by paying a penalty, people can give birth to more children, factories can let out the polluted air directly without any treatment, and trees can be felled at will.This is a very serious social problem.Compared with other countries, China has a larger population but more limited resources.If everybody behaves in the similar way, it would be far beyond the country's capacity to guarantee everyone a well-off life.Moreover, it was reported that to bring up one child costs 350,000 yuan, which means that a family with several children bears a heavy burden.Meanwhile, if factories do not take any measure to treat the polluted air, the atmosphere will be further contaminated.Also, the felling of trees will surely lead to soil erosion, while frequently occurring sand storms are humans' deserved punishment for deforestation.Though penalty is one of the methods to punish this sort of behavior, it is never the only way.Solving these problems reflected in the picture depends largely on our responsibility to society and environment.If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.译文：

现今很多人认为用钱就可以做所有的事情。正如图中所示的那样，通过付罚款，人们可以超生，工厂可以不经过处理就排放废气，树木也可以被随意地砍伐。

这是一个非常严重的社会问题。相比其他国家，中国有更多的人口而资源却非常有限。如果每个人都用这种方式行事的话，那么这个国家远远没有能力让每个人都过上富裕的生活。此外，有报道称要培养一个孩子需要花费3万5千元，这意味着一个有许多孩子的家庭将承受很沉重的负担。同时，如果工厂不采取措施处理废气的话，大气层会被进一步污染。另外，树木砍伐会导致土地的腐蚀和水土流失，频繁发生的沙尘暴就是人类过度砍伐森林应得的惩罚。

尽管罚款是惩罚这些行为的一种方法，但绝不是唯一的方法。解决这个问题更重要的一点在很大程度上取决于我们对于社会和环境的责任。如果能够唤起广泛的责任感，那么我们离达到人与自然之间的和谐就不远了。范文：

In this picture a man rudely opens a garbage can and violently throws all kinds of waste into it.However, the box is not an ordinary trash can, but is, as a matter of fact, the Earth.It is where survive, breed, and prosper.But as the drawing indicates, Earth does not receive an equal repayment.Quite the contrary, one of the biggest “gifts” humans return to Earth is an unbelievable amount of trash.The picture purposefully points out a kind of pollution that arouses little public attention, that is, garbage.The past century has witnessed an unprecedented increase in garbage output, most of it technological products that are difficult to be decomposed through natural processes, such as plastics and glass.Furthermore, a recent report released that several major Chinese cities are already surrounded by circles of trash in the suburban areas, polluting air, water, and earth.Hence, the issue of waste pollution needs to be addressed as one of the priorities that demand social efforts.Only through a holistic system of trash disposal can this problem be fully solved.Moreover, we should advocate a more frugal lifestyle so as to reduce the growing scale of waste pollution.译文：

在该图中，一个男人粗鲁地打开一个垃圾箱、猛然地把各种垃圾往里倒。但是，这不是一个普通的垃圾箱，而实际上是地球，是人类生存、繁衍和发展的土地。可正如图中所表明的那样，地球却没有得到她应得的回报。相反，人类回复给地球的最大“礼物”之一就是数量惊人的垃圾。

这幅图意在指出一种没有得到足够公众关注的污染，即垃圾污染。过去的一个世纪见证了人类前所未有的垃圾生产，而大部分是来源于各种技术产品的垃圾，它们很难通过自然过程进行分解，比如塑料和玻璃。此外，最近的一则报道显示中国的几个主要城市的郊区几乎都被垃圾所包围，全方位地污染了空气、水源和土地。

因此，垃圾污染这一问题必须被看作是需要得到全社会努力解决的主要问题之一。只有通过一个全面的垃圾处理系统才能够充分解决这一问题。此外，我们应该提倡一种更加节俭的生活方式，以减小垃圾污染的增长

范文(十一)

Writing(图画提纲式议论文)

Directions: Study the picture carefully and write an essay of 160--200 words in which you should

1)depict the present situation of private cars in Beijing，2)offer reasons for or against owning private cars, and

3)give your own opinion on the issue.北京拥250万辆汽车，其中私家车达到170万辆。

范文

With the living standards rising rapidly, more and more Beijing residents have cars of their own.Statistics show that in Beijing alone, there are 2500,000 cars, among which private cars add up to(=number)1700,000.The increase in the number of cars brings about a lot of problems, such as air pollution, noise, traffic congestion and gas shortage.Then a controversy arises: whether private cars should be encouraged in Beijing? People differ in their opinions on it.Many residents are against owning cars.According to them, private cars have to be limited in Beijing.The reasons for it are obvious.To begin with, cars contribute to air pollution.Beijing is now plagued by serious air pollution.If people are to have cars of their own, the already contaminated atmosphere will get even dirtier.Secondly, private cars can be a terrible threat to the already heavy traffic in the city.If more cars are allowed onto busy streets, there will be more traffic jams, which is really a public hazard to all of us.Finally, cars consume a large amount of fuel.Though China is rich in its oil resources, they are running out rapidly.All these facts allow of only one solution: to limit the ever growing number of cars.In my opinion, private cars should be discouraged in Beijing.In order to leave clean air, wide and safe roads and abundant energy resources to our descendants, we have to say “No” to private cars.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned, we can develop mass transit to take the place of private cars.In short, Beijing does not need private cars.译文：

随着生活水平的迅速提高，越来越多的北京居民拥有自己的汽车。统计数字表明，北京有250万辆汽车，其中私家车达到170万辆。汽车数量的增加产生了一系列问题，如空气污染、噪音、交通堵塞和汽油短缺。这样就引起了一场争论：北京是否应该鼓励私家车？人们对这个问题有不同的想法。

许多人反对拥有汽车。在他们看来，北京必须限制私家车。原因很明显。首先，汽车加剧了空气污染。北京的空气严重污染。如果人们都要拥有私家车，已经污染的大气将变得更脏。其次，私家车可能对北京业已拥挤的交通状况是一个可怕的威胁。如果更多的汽车开上繁华的街道，交通堵塞将会更严重。这对我们大家来说确是公害。最后，汽车消耗大量燃料。虽然中国拥有丰富的石油资源，但是它们正在日趋减少。所有这些事实只能有一种解决办法：限止日益增长的汽车数量。

我的看法是北京不应该鼓励私家车。为把清洁的空气、宽阔安全的道路和富饶的石油资源留给子孙后代，我们对私家车只能说“不”。至于对交通工具的巨大需求，我们可以发展公交系统来代替私家车。总而言之，北京不需要私家车。