第一篇:英语句子结构分析英语句子分为简单句和复合句
英语句子结构分析英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
1、简单句简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语;I hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词);Grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可以单独理解,最后将各句合并即可。I hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while为界,可分为前后两个小句子)
3、主从复合句主从复合句即是复杂句,它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是,各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的,所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看,而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候,分句里面有可能还包含分句。
第二篇:英语句子结构
英语句子结构
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般
英语句子结构
在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Tow and tow is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out;表来、去,如:com
e, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.His face turned red.(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);
或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
(四)介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
(五)名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(六)分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七)定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须
在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动
词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教
室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地
点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语:
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子。(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生。(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语:
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句:
时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士。
(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松。
(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作。
(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户。
(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running acrothe road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路。
六、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束。
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1)Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score.显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数)。正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了)。
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being…’的场合不能省略。
如:
Game(being)over,he went home.He stands there,book(being)in hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
第三篇:英语句子结构分析网站
英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
i.根据结构划分:①简单句:s+v(主+谓)s+link-v+p(主+谓+表)s+v+o(主+谓+宾)
s+v+o+o(主+谓+间宾+直宾)s+v+o+c(主+谓+宾+宾补)
②并列句 and, but, or等
③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句(定语从句)ii.根据功能划分: 陈述句
疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)
祈使句
感叹句
一.五种句型
1.i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
② 保持某种状态:continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.③ 看起来,好像:appear, look, seem.④ 感官动词:feel, smell, sound, taste.ii.跟双宾语的动词
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt.+ sth.+ to + sb.”
如:he lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt.+ sth.+ for + sb.”。
如:mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如:richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 give it to me。把它给我
4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.i asked john.我问约翰
i asked a question.我问了一个问题
i asked john a question.我问了约翰一个问题
5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to, 不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。could you explain your point of view to us? =could you explain to us your point of view? iii.复合宾语结构
1,verb(动词)+object(宾语)+to do sth his father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。2, verb(动词)+object(宾语)+doing sth my father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.3, verb(动词)+object(宾语)+done yesterday i had a picture taken with two americans.4, verb(动词)+object(宾语)+adj(形容词)you should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。5,verb(动词)+object(宾语)+prep(介词短语)my father kept me at home 6,verb(动词)+object(宾语)+n(名词)we made him our monitor.● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
1)the boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2)i heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
二,各种句子成分 1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象.students study.(学生学习。)we are friends.(我们是朋友)if you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
the secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。
the painter painted a very nice picture.(画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)they fought against sars bravely.(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)to see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).helping animals is to help people.(帮助动物就是帮助人类。
eating too much is bad for your health.(=it is bad for your health eating too much.)(吃得太多对你的身体不利。)充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式.2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:
students study.(学生学习。)we are friends.(我们是朋友)i have a dream.you don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
he travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)who teaches you english this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?)the pizza has gone bad.(那块烤馅饼已经变坏。)he can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.(他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。)something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out.(该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后。如: they are teachers.(他们是老师。)i play with him.(我和他一起玩。)you don’t find opportunities„you make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
you probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。篇二:英语句子结构分析
摘要:文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件,只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此,读懂句子是读懂文章的基础,也是我们做对题目的关键。当然,读
懂句子需
文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件,只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此,读懂句子是读懂文章的基础,也是我们做对题目的关键。当然,读懂句子需要我们具备一定的语法知识,而语法又是让同学们感到最为头痛东西。但是我们要知道,在英语文章阅读中,语法归根结底是为我们读懂文章而服务的,只要能够掌握基本的语法规律,无障碍的读懂复杂的句子,语法的任务就圆满的完成了。那些挣扎并纠结在复杂语法中的同学们则是掉进了语法学习的误区。下面就来介绍句子的基本结构以及读懂句子的快
捷方法。
英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
1、简单句
简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:
主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语;i hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词); grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 grammar is hell.所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中
英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可以单独理解,最后将各句合 并即可。
i hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while为界,可分为前后两个小句子)摘要:
3、主从复合句 主从复合句即是复杂句,它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不
同的是,各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的,所以我们不能简单地把各个句
3、主从复合句
主从复合句即是复杂句,它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是,各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的,所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看,而必须将各分句综合起来
进行理解。有时候,分句里面有可能还包含分句。
说到从句,我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句:名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性
从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式:
名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
形容词性从句(定语从句):限制性,非限制性
副词性从句(状语从句):时间,地点,原因,条件,目的,让步,方式,结果看到这里,可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了,其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过,对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单,你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了,从句做什
么成分,就是个什么功能的从句。
the sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(表语)
what the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主语)
we all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(宾语)
the thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(同位语)
the ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定语)
although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(状语)在阅读这样的复杂句的时候,首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始,到哪儿结束,首先理
解主句的意思,最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
介绍完句子结构,就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了,那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取,因为主干是句子的精髓所在,然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
one of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the american, native, or, occasionally, new york school(---the most representative school of american art in any gee---)主语从句](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the hudson river school.表语从句】
首先找到句子主干成分:one of the results was...很明显的主系表结构,that 引导的显然是个表语从句,表语从句中又有一个由what引导的主语从句,主干结构是...was firmly established.最后再加上修饰成分,句子就很容易分析了,也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了:两个派别斗争的结果之一是:直到1890年,这个曾经被称作美国的、本土的、或者偶尔被称作是纽约的美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派,以哈德逊河学派命名
被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法,如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识,了解了句子的成分构成,先提取主干,抓住句子精髓,再看从句和其他部分,理清各个部分之间的关系,任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。
以下是两个有趣的句子,你能分析其句子成分并理解其大意吗?1.i saw a saw saw a saw.2.i don’t think that that thatthat that student pronounced iscorrect.分析与理解:1.i saw a saw saw a saw.(saw n.v.锯)分析:i是主语,第一个saw是see的过去式,作谓语;第二个saw是名词
英语句子结构分析
教学重点:
1:掌握五种基本句型
2:了解除be以外的其他四种系动词。
3:了解接to和for的双宾语的动词有哪些。4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。
英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
i.根据结构划分:①简单句 s+v(主+谓)s+v+p(主+谓+表)s+v+o(主+谓+宾)
s+v+o+o(主+谓+间宾+直宾)s+v+o+c(主+谓+宾+宾补)
②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句(定语从句)ii.根据功能划分: 陈述句
疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)
祈使句
感叹句
iii.根据句子成分:单个词汇
短语
从句
一.陈述句(五种句型)
1.i am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
chatting on the internet is interesting.我喜欢网上聊天。2.internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
3.i like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
4.chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。5.we can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。口诀解读:
go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。
如:its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。
grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如:i want to grow old with you.我想和你一起慢慢变老。run 与grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。
如:still water runs deep.静水深流。turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
如:the weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。in spring the trees turn green, the flowers
一、简单句句子成分 01 主语 谓语主谓 状语主谓 地点状语
主语:动作的执行者,名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作主语。
谓语:表示动作,由动词担任。英语句子不同时态、语态形式都在谓语部分体现。
状语:修饰谓语,由副词或其它结构担任,表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、目的、条件等。02主谓宾语主谓 间宾 直宾时间状语
宾语:动作的对象,名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式to do等可以作宾语。有的动词如bring、give、buy、offer等可以带两个宾语,一个指人(间接宾语),另个指物(直接宾语)。
注意:只有及物动词(vt.)才能直接带宾语,不及物动词(vi.)后面不能直接跟宾语。03定语 主 谓 间宾 定语 直宾时间状语
定语:放在(主语或宾语)名词前修饰名词,由形容词或其它结构担任。(祈使句,省略主语you)谓 间宾 直宾 定语(后置)04 主 系动词表语(“系动词+表语”构成“系表结构”,作谓语)05 主 系动词表语 主 系表 主系 表
注意:以上动词若表示其它含义,就不是系动词,而是行为动词,后面就不能带形容词作表语。注意下面两句中look的不同含义:
定 主 谓宾 状语(副词)定 主 系 表(形容词)主 定语(后置)谓语(被动语态)原因状语
主 谓 宾目的状语主 系 表 结果状语 主谓 宾宾补 方式状语
宾补:宾语补足语,补充说明宾语。09主(形式)真正主语
注意:当句子主语结构太长时,往往用it放在谓语前面充当形式主语,而真正主语放在句尾,以保持句子的平衡。注意:there be 句型的主语在be动词后面。
主语
how wonderfully ∣ how beautiful ∣ how + adv.∣ 主 谓 how + adj.∣ 主 系
what an intelligent girl ∣ what important advice ∣ what + a/an+ adj.+n.∣ 主 系 what + n∣ 主 谓
注意:感叹句的句子结构1)how感叹句:how + adv.(adj.)+主谓?!2)what感叹句:what +(a/an)+ adj.+n.+主谓?!注意反义疑问句结构:陈述部分+反问?
二、复合句句子结构(主句、从句)主 谓 间宾宾语从句(引导词that)宾语从句(引导词whether/if是否)宾语从句(引导词what什么)注意:该句中could表示客气语气,不是过去时。
宾语从句(引导词whose谁的)i don’宾语从句(引导词how怎样)宾语从句(引导词what什么)
let’.→ let’.宾语从句(引导词when and where)不定式短语作宾语
注意:宾语从句在句中作宾语;引导词有that、whether/if(是否)、what、where、when、how等疑问词;1)宾语从句中用陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后);2)如果主句是过去时,从句用相应的过去的时态(一般现在→一般过去,现在进行→过去进行,一般将来→过去将来,现在完成→过去完成,一般过去→过去完成);但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,从句仍用一般现在时;3)疑问词引导的宾语从句常常可以转换成“疑问词+to do”结构。(主将从现)
条件状语从句,引导词if(如果)21 he won’unless = if not 条件状语从句,引导词unless(除非,如果不)
注意:条件状语从句中不能用将来时,若要表示将来的动作,必须用一般现在时代替。时间状语从句,引导词as soon as(一??就)时间状语从句,引导词when(当??的时候)24 the workers didn’时间状语从句,引导词until(直到??)
注意:时间状语从句中不能用将来时,若要表示将来的动作,必须用一般现在时代替。
提醒:注意主句、从句时态搭配。时间状语从句,引导词since(直从??以来)26 i didn’
原因状语从句,引导词because(因为)原因状语从句,引导词now that(既然)让步状语从句,引导词although(虽然,尽管)让步状语从句,引导词though(虽然,尽管)结果状语从句,引导词so„that(如此„„以至于)目的状语从句,引导词so that„(为了)比较状语从句,引导词as„ as„(和„一样)比较状语从句,引导词than(更)
三、并列句 并列句,连接词and,表示“和”
and连接的两个并列句子,时态往往一致 并列句,连接词but,表示“但是” 36 the doctor felt very tired, but he still went on working.该句可以换种方式表达although 并列句,连接词or,表示“否则”
注意:该句可以换种方式表达if 并列句,连接词so,表示“因此,所以”
注意:该句可以换种方式表达because
四、反义疑问句
the old man can hardly read or write.(改为反意疑问句)the old man can hardly read or write, ______ ______? 40 there is no important information in the newspaper.(改为反意疑问句)there is no important information in the newspaper, ______ ______? 41 he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes.(改为反意疑问句)he failed to swim across the river in ten minutes, ______ ______? 42 mike’s already got much information about the suspect.(改为反意疑问句)mike’s already got much information about the suspect, ______ ______? 注意:反义疑问句的反问部分由“助动词+人称代词主格”组成,若陈述部分是肯定句,反问部分就用否定,即:“肯定-否定式”;若陈述部分是否定,反问部分就用肯定,即“否定-肯定式”。但应注意除not、no表示否定外,还有never、hardly、rarely、seldom、few、little都表示否定。
第四篇:英语语法系列讲座之三——句子结构及复合句
语法系列讲座之三
句子结构及复合句
一、句子结构
英语的句子分为三种:简单句、并列句和复合句,其中并列句和复合句又是由若干个简单句所组成的。
简单句:The train arrives.The sea had become calm again.并列句:They must stay in water, or they will die.It is not cheap, but it is very good.复合句:The office that deals with passports is upstairs.When he woke up, the sea had become calm again.简单句的基本结构有五种: 1.主语+谓语 Things change.2.主语+连系动词+表语 Trees are green.3.主语+谓语+宾语
My sister will fix everything.4.主语+谓语+直接宾语/间接宾语 He bought his wife a ring.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 I found the book easy.其他的各种句子结构都是由这五种句型转换、缩略或扩展而成。由于表达意义的复杂化,句子与句子之间衔接照应,修辞的使用和语言省略的原则等使得原本很简单的这五种句子的基本结构在实际的使用中呈现了复杂化、多样化的趋势,因此常常造成了阅读的障碍。
二、复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。由于在句中的作用不同,从句大体上可分为三种:名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。I、名词性从句
1.主语从句
(1)结构:主语(一个句子)+谓语+…如: That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.Whether he will come or not isn’t clear.What he said at the meeting is very important.How this happened is still a question.Who will win the game is clear.(2)It is/was +形容词/过去分词/名词+主语从句。如: It’s interesting that you should like the book.It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now.It is not decided when the match will begin.(3)主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如: Where they have gone is not known yet.(4)That 引导主语从句时一般不可以省略。如: That he was elected monitor made us satisfied.(5)“是否”引导主语从句用“whether”,而不用“if”。如: Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference.2.宾语从句
(1)结构:主语+谓语(及物动词)+从句(宾语从句)如: I think that he is quite right to go there so early.Who can tell me when he left the school?(2)…+介词+从句(宾语从句)。如:
Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying.(3)主语+谓语(find, made, consider等)+it +形容词+宾语从句。如: He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States.I consider it necessary that we often use spoken English.(4)主语+be sure(glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)+宾语从句。如: I’m sure that they will watch the football match.I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.注意:that 引导宾语从句时在句中不作任何成分,一般可以省略。
3.表语从句
(1)结构:主语+系动词+表语从句。如:
The question is who can solve such a difficult problem.It looks as if it’s going to rain.That’s what she is worrying about.(2)句型:The reason why/for which…is that…“…的原因是因为…”,这里的that不能用because替代。如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.The reason for which she didn’t come was that she was ill.4.同位语从句
同位语从句放在名词后用来说明该名词的具体内容,这种名词主要包括:news, fact, idea, view, promise, thought, truth等。如:
The news that their team has won the basketball match surprised everyone.The truth that he was badly injured made us very sad.II.定语从句
定语从句是一个句子作定语,修饰名词或代词,放在所修饰的词后。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导从句并在从句中充当一定句子成分的词叫引导词。引导词主要有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why等。III.状语从句
状语从句主要有以下几种:(1)以when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/second that等引导的时间状语从句。
(2)以if, unless, once, as/so long as等引导的条件状语从句。(3)以where, wherever 等引导的地点状语从句。(4)(5)以because, since, as, for等引导的原因状语从句。
以though, although, ever if/though, no matter how(what, when…)等引导的让步状语从句。
(6)以so that, so/such… that等引导的结果状语从句。(7)以in order that, so that等引导的目的状语从句。(8)以(just)as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句。
(9)以than, as…as, not so(as)…as等引导的比较状语从句。
Exercise
1.Please speak louder _____ we can hear more clearly.a.for
b.because c.as
d.so that 2.I won’t go to bed _____ I’ve finished my homework.a.while
b.where c.when
d.until 3._____ she was very tired, she went on working without any rest.a.For
b.Though c.As
d.Since 4.Difficulties are nothing _____ you are not afraid of them.a.for
b.as c.if
d.whether 5.The building _____ face the south is our college lab.a.whose doors
b.the door of whom c.which doors
d.the door of which 6.The ship was sailing in the sea, in the middle of _____ stood an island.a.it
b.which c.that
d.this 7.Can you tell me the name of the factory _____ you visited last week? a.what
b.where c.then
d./ 8.Let’s discuss the questions _____ we are interested in.a.which
b.as c.about which
d.those 9.It seems _____ he has never met the woman.a.that
b.how c.whether
d.why 10._____ the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.a.That
b.What c.How
d.Which 11.They have no idea at all _____.a.where he has gone
b.where did he go c.which place had he gone
d.where has he gone 12.The reason why he is not here is _____ he is ill in bed now.a.that
b.what c.how
d.why 13.This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.a.that
b.which c.whose
d.of which 14.Did you tell your mother all _____ you had seen on your way home? a.that
b.what c.why
d.how 15.I’ll leave him a note _____ he’ll know where we are.a.so that
b.now that c.that
d.in order 16._____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.If
b.Whether c.That
d.Where 17.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a small child.a.which
b.where c.that
d.when 18._____ he arrives at seven, he cannot catch the bus.a.Since
b.Unless c.As
d.When 19._____ from Beijing to London!a.How long there is
b.What a long way it is c.What distance is there
d.How long is 20.You shouldn’t tell anybody _____ I’ve told you.a.which
b.that c.whom
d.what Answers:
1-5 DDBCA
6-10 BDAAA 11-15 AACAA
16-20 BBBBD 4
第五篇:英语句子结构分析
英语句子结构分析
来源:中文翻译英文 作者:翻译器 时间:2012-07-06
(http://)
英语句子结构分析
The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences.The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure.Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis.1、简单句
In 1, the simple sentence 简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:
A simple sentence, i.e.only a subject-predicate sentence structure.Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate(or a), sometimes the object;in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject.At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns.In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语;I hate grammar.Subject + verb(transitive verb + object);I hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词);Grammar sucks.Subject + verb(transitive verb);Grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell.所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。
Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate(or a), some sentences are also included in the object.Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear.2、并列句
In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor...or, either...or...otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可以单独理解,最后将各句合并即可。
The compound sentence is two or more simple sentences, indicated by a parallel relation conjunction or punctuation and connected.Common conjunctions: and, not only...But also, neither...Nor...Or, either...Or...Otherwise, but, yet, while, so, for etc..Reading encountered in juxtaposed relation sentence, under normal circumstances is to conjunctions as boundaries, the sentence into several portions, respectively, and to analyze the sentence meaning, generally can be individually understood, finally merging each sentence can be.I hate grammar, / while he loves it.(以while为界,可分为前后两个小句子)I hate / while he loves grammar, it.(with while as the boundary, can be divided into two.)
3、主从复合句
In 3, the complex sentence 主从复合句即是复杂句,它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是,各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的,所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看,而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候,分句里面有可能还包含分句。
The complex sentence is a complex sentence, it is composed of more than two sentences.And the difference is, the clauses mean are closely linked, so we can't simply take each sentence apart, and must be integrated to understand the clauses.Sometimes, there may also contain clauses clauses.说到从句,我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句:名词性从句,形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式:
When it comes to clauses, we also introduce the three clauses in English: noun clauses, adjective clauses and adverbial clauses.The three clause is included complex clause form: 名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
The noun clause: the subject clause, the object clause, predicative clause, apposition clause 形容词性从句(定语从句):限制性,非限制性
Adjective clause(attributive clause): restriction, unrestricted 副词性从句(状语从句):时间,地点,原因,条件,目的,让步,方式,结果
Adverb clauses(clause): time, place, reason, condition, concession, purpose, means, result 看到这里,可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了,其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过,对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单,你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了,从句做什么成分,就是个什么功能的从句。See here, some students may also be conflicted emotions, in fact, the detailed classification we can skip, for in a specific sentence that how to solve it is actually very simple, you just need to know that what ingredients can be, clause do component, is what the function of clause.The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(表语)The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.(predicative)What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主语)What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(subject)We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(宾语)We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(object)The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(同位语)The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone.(appositive)The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定语)The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(attribute)Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(状语)Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(adverbial)在阅读这样的复杂句的时候,首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始,到哪儿结束,首先理解主句的意思,最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
In reading such a complex sentence, clause or clause must first find out where to start, where the first end, understand the main point, finally the clause content clause together.介绍完句子结构,就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了,那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取,因为主干是句子的精髓所在,然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
The sentence structure, should say complex solution, it is preferred to extract main method.This method suggests that the first sentence trunk extraction, because the trunk is the essence of sentences, and then look at other added or modified components.One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the “American”, “native”, or, occasionally, “New York” school(---the most representative school of American art in any genre---)主语从句](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.表语从句】 One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous [ [ years had been referred to as the“ American”,“ native”, or, occasionally,“ New York” school(---the most representative school of American art in any genre---)subject clause ](had by 1890)was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.predicative clause ] 首先找到句子主干成分:“One of the results was...”很明显的主系表结构,that 引导的显然是个表语从句,表语从句中又有一个由What引导的主语从句,主干结构是“...was firmly established.” 最后再加上修饰成分,句子就很容易分析了,也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了:两个派别斗争的结果之一是:直到1890年,这个曾经被称作“美国的”、“本土的”、或者偶尔被称作是“纽约的”美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派,以哈德逊河学派命名被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
First find the sentence:“ One of the results component of was...” obviously the main system table structure, that guide is clearly a predicative clause, predicative clause and one by What what, the backbone structure is“...Was firmly established.” final plus modifier, sentence is easy to analyze, can also be an easy job to translate and understand: two factions struggle is one: until 1890, it was once called“ the United States”,“ native”, or occasionally referred to as the “ New York” the United States of America art topics of the most representative of the school, to the Hudson River School naming was firmly established in the critics and the public thought.优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法,如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识,了解了句子的成分构成,先提取主干,抓住句子精髓,再看从句和其他部分,理清各个部分之间的关系,任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。
Priority to extract main is a very effective method, if we have a basic sentence structure knowledge, understanding of the sentence elements, to extract the main sentence, essence, see clause and the other part, sort out the relationship between the various parts, any complex sentence can be smoothly done or easily solved.