第一篇:法释[2000]20号 最高人民法院予以废止的1999年底以前发布的有关司法解释目录(第三批)
最高人民法院予以废止的1999年底以前发布的有关司法解释目录(第三批)
法释[2000]20号
(2000年6月16日最高人民法院审判委员会第1119次会议通过)《最高人民法院予以废止的1999年底以前发布的有关司法解释目录(第三批)》已于2000年6月16日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1119次会议通过。现予公布,并自2000年7月25日起不再适用。
2000年7月13日
序号分类 司法解释名称 发文日期、文号 废止理由最高人民法院关于华侨买卖国内房屋问题的批复 1982年8月19日(79)民他字第40号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公布了《中华人民共和国合同法》,该司法解释与之抵触,不再适用。最高人民法院关于王正贵与林作信、江妙法房屋买卖关系如何确认的批复 1982年12月18日(82)民他字第1号 同上最高人民法院关于租赁契约在履行期间发生争执新订立协议在办理公证时一方反悔并拒绝签字、领受公证书,应如何处理问题的批复 1987年1月19日[1986]民他字第122号 同上最高人民法院关于强锡麟捐赠给国家的财产应如何处理的批复 1988年3月12日(87)民他字第66号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公布了《中华人民共和国合同法》,该司法解释的有关内容已被合同法相关内容所替代。最高人民法院关于公产房屋的买卖及买卖协议签订后一方是否可以翻悔问题的复函 1990年2月17日(89)民他字第50号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公并了《中华人民共和国合同法》,该司法解释与之抵触,不再适用。最高人民法院关于贯彻执行《经济合同法》若干问题的意见 1984年9月17日(1984)法办字第128号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公布了《中华人民共和国合同法》,原依据《中华人民共和国经济合同法》有关规定作出的该司法解释不再适用。最高人民法院关于在审理经济合同纠纷案件中具体适用《经济合同法》的若干问题的解答 1987年7月21日法(经)发[1987]20号 同上最高人民法院关于适用《涉外经济合同法》若干问题的解答 1987年10月19日法(经)[1987]27号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公布《中华人民共和国合同法》,原依据《中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法》的有关规定作出的该司法解释不再适用。9 最高人民法院关于对无法定和约定期限的工矿产品内在质量提出异议应如何确定期限问题的复函 1993年9月13日法经[1993]195号 1999年3月15日全国人民代表大会已经通过并公布《中华人民共和国合同法》,该批复与之抵触,不再适用。最高人民法院关于审理科技纠纷案件的若干问题的规定 1995年4月2日法发
[1995]6号 1999年3月15日僵人民代表大会已经过过并公布了《中华人民共和国合同法》,原依据《中华人民共和国技术合同法》有关规定作出的该司法解释不再适用。
第二篇:最高人民法院予以废止的第五批司法解释目录
最高人民法院予以废止的第五批司法解释目录
新华网北京3月10日电最高人民法院今天公布了第五批16件废止的司法解释,目录如下:
《最高人民法院关于申请执行仲裁裁决应向何地法院提出的批复》;《最高人民法院关于上级人民法院发现下级人民法院对没有严重妨害民事诉讼行为的当事人采取的强制措施能否纠正的批复》;《最高人民法院关于人民法院对申请强制执行仲裁机构的调解书应如何处理问题的通知》;《最高人民法院关于在审理经济纠纷案件中认真办好外地法院委托事项的通知》;《最高人民法院关于经济纠纷案件复查期间执行问题的批复》;《最高人民法院关于在经济纠纷案件执行过程中当事人自愿达成和解后一方当事人不履行或者翻悔可否按原生效法律文书执行问题的批复》;《最高人民法院关于被执行人未按民事调解书指定期间给付金钱的义务是否应当支付延期履行的债务利息的复函》;《最高人民法院经济审判庭关于在财产保全时为被申请人提供担保的当事人应否在判决书或调解书中明确其承担的义务及在执行程序中可否直接执行担保人财产的复函》;《最高人民法院关于海事法院诉讼前扣押船舶的规定》;《最高人民法院关于对银行贷款抵押财产执行问题的复函》;《最高人民法院关于信用社非法转移人民法院冻结款项应如何承担法律责任的复函》;《最高人民法院关于企业法人的一个分支机构已无财产法院能否执行该企业法人其他分支机构财产问题的复函》;《最高人民法院关于处理行政机关申请人民法院强制执行案件分工问题的通知》;《最高人民法院关于信用社擅自解冻被执行人存款造成款项流失能否要求该信用社承担相应的偿付责任问题的复函》;《最高人民法院关于不宜冻结证券交易帐户的函》;《最高人民法院执行工作办公室关于不宜冻结、划拨证券经营机构在其交易资金结算帐户上的存款问题的函》。
第三篇:最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于废止1993年底以前联合发布的部分司法解释的通知
最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于废止1993年底以前
联合发布的部分司法解释的通知
(法发〔1994〕21号高检会〔1994〕37号)
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院,人民检察院,解放军军事法院、军事检察院:
自1993年起,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院共同对1979年至1993年两院联合发布的司法解释进行了全面清理。现将经最高人民法院审判委员会、最高人民检察院检察委员会讨论通过的第一批予以废止的司法解释目录印发给你们。这批予以废止的4件司法解释从本通知发布之日起不再适用(有的早已自行失效)。在此之前适用上述司法解释对有关案件作出的判决、裁定不再变动。清理司法解释工作尚在进行中,应当废止的联合发布的司法解释,今后还将陆续分批通知你们。有些司法解释只有部分内容不适应当前司法实践需要的,我们将在全面清理的基础上研究修改,各地有什么意见请及时报告我们。
附:最高人民法院 最高人民检察院予以废止的1993年底以前联合发布司法解释目录(第一批)
1994年8月29日
最高人民法院 最高人民检察院予以废止的1993年底以前联合发布的司法解释目录(第一批)
序号司法解释名称发布日期、文号废 止 理 由1最高人民法院 最高人 民检察院关于办理淫秽 物品刑事案件具体应用 法律的规定1990年7月6日 法(研)发〔199 0〕11号1990年12月28 日全国人大常委会已通 过《关于惩治走私、制 作、贩卖、传播淫秽物2最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于非法种植罂粟构成犯罪的以制造毒品罪论处的规定3最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于依法严惩盗窃通讯设备犯罪的规定4最高人民法院 最高人民检察院关于修改盗窃犯罪数额标准的通知
1990年7月9日 法(研)发〔199 0〕14号1990年7月10 日法(研)发〔19 90〕15号1991年12月3 0日法(研)发〔1 991〕47号
品的犯罪分子的决定》,原依据刑法有关规定 作出的上述解释不再适 用。
1990年12月28 日全国人大常委会已通 过《关于禁毒的决定》,原依据刑法有关规定 作出的上述解释不再适 用。
已被1992年12月 11日最高人民法院、最高人民检察院发布的 《关于办理盗窃案件具 体应用法律的若干问题 的解释》代替。已被1992年12月 11日最高人民法院、最高人民检察院发布的 《关于办理盗窃案件具 体应用法律的若干问题 的解释》代替。
第四篇:关于最高人民法院[法释(2003)13号]司法解释有关具体问题的思考(三)
Script>——从《北京海淀区人民法院受理全国首例人事争议案件》看司法解释中存在的两个相关问题
四川成都精济律师事务所 何宁湘律师
2004年1月17日中国法院国际互联网站主页报道《北京法院受理全国首例人事争议案件》([作者:李东民 韩玲 发布时间:08:40:27] 本站)
该文称:
其后,原告就此人事聘用合同纠纷事宜,于2003年7月14日向人事部中央国家行政机关在京直属事业单位人事争议仲裁委员会提交了“仲裁申请书”。该仲裁委员会于2003年8月12日以不属受案范围为由向原告送达了一份“不予受理案件通知书”,原告不服,向该仲裁委员会申请了复议,结果同样是不予受理。
在原告依据人事部《人事争议处理暂行规定》申请仲裁未果后,2003年9月5日,《人民法院审理事业单位人事案件若干问题的规定》施行,这意味着刘某不服人事争议仲裁裁决,可以向法院提起诉讼。
此起案件的原告刘某系某著名学府经济管理学院副教授。1月15日向海淀法院递交诉状。
今天,北京市海淀区人民法院正式受理一起因不服人事争议仲裁而诉至法院的人事争议案件,该案为《人民法院审理事业单位人事案件若干问题的规定》实施后,法院受理的首例人事争议纠纷。
从该文看,本案存在两个明显的问题:
1、人事争议仲裁委作出的“不予受理案件通知书”属于什么性质,人民法院对于“不予受理案件通知书”是否可以依法受理?
2、对于法释[2003]13号实施前(即2003年9月5日前)的人事争议仲裁案件的当事人对人事争议仲裁裁决不服,起诉到法院有没有期限限制?
3、除此之外,本案还有一个值得思考与探讨的程序问题,人民法院如何处置人事仲裁中的程序问题?
一、关于人事争议仲裁委作出的“不予受理案件通知书”的性质:
对于这一问题,法律、规章以及司法解释均未作正面或直接、间接的规定与说明。人事部1999年9月6日发布的人发[1999]99号·人事部关于印发《人事争议处理办案规则》和《人事争议仲裁员管理办法》的通知·
第十五条 对经审查符合条件的仲裁申请,仲裁委员会办事机构应在5日内作出立案或不予立案的决定。决定立案的,应当自作出决定之日起7日内向申请人发出书面通知,将申请书副本送达被申请人,并要求被申请人在15日内提交答辩书和有关证据,被申请人没有按时提交或者不提交答辩书的,不影响仲裁程序的进行。决定不予立案或者初步审查不符合立案条件的,应当在作出决定或者审查结束之日起5日内制作不予受理通知书,送达申请人。
该《规则》对此只有第十五条这一条规定,该条既没有载明“不予受理通知书”的性质,也没有说明其法律后果以及对当事人的救济措施,更没有规定可以申请复议。
1997年8月8日人事部·人发[1997]71号·关于印发《人事争议处理暂行规定》的通知·
第十三条 仲裁委员会收到仲裁申请书后,应当在15日内作出受理或者不予受理的决定。决定不予受理的,应当书面通知当事人,并说明不予受理的理由。
......第二十七条 当事人有证据证明裁决有下列情形之一的,可以自收到裁决书之日起10日内向作出裁决的仲裁委员会申请复议:
(一)仲裁庭的组成或者仲裁的程序是违反法定程序的。
(二)裁决所依据的证据是伪造的。
(三)对方当事人隐瞒了足以影响公正裁决的证据的。
(四)仲裁员在仲裁该案时有受贿索贿、徇私舞弊、枉法裁决行为的。
仲裁委员会经审查核实裁决有前款规定情形之一的,应当另行组成仲裁庭处理。
复议期间,不影响裁决的执行。
该《规定》第十三条规定是15日作出“受理或者不予受理的决定”,它同样没有规定“不予受理通知书”的性质,也没有说明其法律后果以及对当事人的救济措施,没有规定对“不予受理的决定”可以申请复议,当然也没有复议的程序。第27条的复议是针对“仲裁裁决”的。
该文中称,“原告不服,向该仲裁委员会申请了复议,结果同样是不予受理。”,不知依据何在?
根据人事部的上述两个文件,我们无法确定“不予受理案件通知书”的性质,但可以看出,它是没有任何法律救济措施的终结仲裁,阻止仲裁程序起动的生效法律文书。如果当事人没有其他解决手段或途径,可以说,当事人的申诉被其封杀。
而最高人民法院法释[2003]13号也未对此作出规定,北京海淀区人民法院的受理应当说没有直接的法律依据,且人事部的政策文件顶多是部门规章,也不能成为法院受理此案的依据,人民法院受理人事争议案件的法律依据应当是《民事诉讼法》、《劳动法》、《法释[2003]13号》。北京市海淀区人民法院受理人事争议案件还有一种可能,人事争议案件不须以仲裁为前置条件,即人事争议当事人可直接向人民法院起诉。其可能性到底是哪一种现虽不得而知,但该案必竟突破了《劳动法》及劳动仲裁的现行程序模式,开了人事争议仲裁委作出“”后受理的先河,其受理对事业单位工作人员当事人有利,是一个可取的案例。需要强调指出的是,该案决不是全国“首例”,各地法院受理的人事争议案件已很多,只是没有公布,或地方不公布罢了,该案准确讲应当是“媒体公布首例”。
二、关于人民法院受理人事争议案件的期限:
讨论分析这一问题的前提:
1、仲裁为前置条件;
2、以《劳动法》为依据。
根据法释[2003]13号以及《劳动法》,人民法院受理人事争议案件是有法定期限的。
《劳动法》第八十三条 劳动争议当事人对仲裁裁决不服的,可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。一方当事人在法定期限内不起诉又不履行仲裁裁决的,另一方当事人可以申请人民法院强制执行。
该文中称,“该仲裁委员会于2003年8月12日以不属受案范围为由向原告送达了一份“不予受理案件通知书”,原告不服,向该仲裁委员会申请了复议,结果同样是不予受理。”如果以该文中的2003年8月12日起算,到法释[2003]13号实施的2003年9月5日,“十五日内”肯定超过。如果以后面的“复议”,我们现在不知道其“复议”的程序与期间,因此仍无法分析。根据《劳动法》与《法释[2003]13号》“自收到仲裁裁决之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼的,人民法院应当依法受理。”而本案仲裁又根本没有仲裁裁决。
三、人民法院如何处理人事争议案件仲裁中的程序问题:
仔细推敲本案,本案着实存在一个问题。本案当事人经历了前些阶段,不少国家事业单位工作人员经历的艰难人事争议仲裁程序,原告在人事部中央国家行政机关在京直属事业单位人事争议仲裁委员会转了一圈,什么问题未解决,而是陷入了“不予受理的”的程序之中。应当这样理解,不论是劳动仲裁后的诉讼,还是人事争议仲裁后的诉讼,人民法院解决的应当是争议中的实体问题,而不是程序问题。按照《仲裁法》以及国际仲裁的惯例,人民法院只能解决仲裁裁决后的实体问题,而不能解决其程序问题。就本案而言,对于“不予受理”的程序问题,人民法院是审理后“裁决受理”呢?还由人民法院直接受理实体问题?本案的受理不但与《仲裁法》不合,是也与法释[2003]13号第二条的规定相悖。从理论上讲,人民法院不能裁决“仲裁委受理”,也只好直接受理实体问题,如此仍与法释[2003]13号第二条的规定相悖。
关于最高人民法院[法释(2003)13号]司法解释有关具体问题的思考
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第五篇:关于最高人民法院[法释(2018)13号]司法解释有关具体问题的思考(四)演讲
关于最高人民法院[法释(2018)13号]司法解释有关具体问题的思考
(四)演讲范文
四川成都精济律师事务所 何宁湘律师
《最高人民法院关于人民法院审理事业单位人事争议案件若干问题的规定》法释(XX)13号自XX年9月5日生效施行。司法解释公布后,本人在部分部门、法律网站上发表了《关于[法释(XX)]13号司法解释的思考》专著后,不少咨询者通过电话、邮件、论坛发贴的等方式,对该司法解释的执行以及有关问题向本人提出了诸多问题,现将这些问题分类归纳,并将本人的多次解答、回复整理分次列出如下,以提供访问者、咨询者参考:
33、具有干部身份编身制的大学生因就业发生的争议属于劳动争议还是人事争议 ?
从就业角度上讲,确定劳动争议与人事争议取决于劳动者的“身份”,即你是工人?还是干部?
1、一般讲,身份为工人,准确讲你就业在企业,不论你从事经营、管理、文秘还是工人,与就业单位签订的是《劳动合同》,你与用工单位发生的劳动合同争议就是劳动争议。
2、你在国家机关或国家事业单位就业,签订的聘用合同,如干部、教师、科研技术人员、文秘、行政管理的人员,凡发生你与单位因聘用合同的争议均属于人事争议。
3、前两点是指一般情形,也就是大多数职工、人员的正常劳动关系或人事关系。
但特殊情形下也有不同,如国营企业中的具有国家干部正式编制的大专院校毕业生,如果与企业签订的是劳动合同,双方仍形成劳动关系,发生争议仍属于劳动争议;如果签订的是干部聘用合同,经当地人事部门批准的,属于人事争议。
对于国家机关,事业单位中的工人,不论是否签订劳动合同发生争议的,均属于劳动争议;具有干部编制即使从事工人岗位工作的,仍属于人事争议。道理十分简单,他属于人事部门管理,而不属于劳动部门管理。
34、国家事业单位“合同制干部”身份的人员因待遇问题与单位发生争议属于那类争议 ?
对于事业单位“合同制干部”这一问题,人事部规章没有直接、间接的规定与说明。在人事制度改革中实质是“聘用干部”,它是改革中的产物,且是地方人事部门在80年代末,小范围,人数较少,在特定行业内的试行,结果没有获得成功。它的含义是具有特批事业单位干部指标,而实行聘用,聘用在岗是干部,有聘用期限,不聘用即不具有干部身份。对此类人员,单位一般按原国家事业单位正式干部使用,并支付同样的待遇。因此,在聘用期间,“聘用干部”与单位发生争议的,应属于人事争议,而不属于劳动争议。
35、国家事业单位对于其“合同制干部”身份的人员是否应当购买养老保险 ?
目前,对于国家事业单位改革尚在探索的渐进过程中,对于事业单位员工是否购买养老保险,在全国范围内,具体操作差异非常大,不少地区的地方规定,部分事业单位参加了医疗保险,参加了失业与工伤保险,但与国家机关公务员同步,尚未参加养老保险。而这些事业单位对于工人是按国家规定与劳动法已参加了养老保险,因此,是否参加养老保险是事业单位中,干部与工人因不同身份、不同的合同及政策文件规定所致,当然也是与改革前若干年养老保险未缴费的具体操作有不可否认的必然联系。对于“合同制干部”身份的人员也应与国家事业单位原有正式干部编制身份的人员一样,不能购买养老保险。在特定条件下,购买了养老保险你就不是干部,而聘用人员或工人。
36、劳动争议及人事争议能否引起行政诉讼 ?
今天,大多数人都知道行政诉讼是“民告官”的官司,“官”即国家行政机关。而“民”可能是公民、企业、公司或其他组织,理论上讲也可能是某级,某类行政机关。行政诉讼的一方当事人必然是行政机关,行政诉讼的当事人之间必然存在着行政法律关系。而劳动争议的当事人(用工单位与劳动者)之间因劳动合同而发生的争议,人事争议的当事人是机关事业单位人员与单位之间因聘用合同发生的争议,两者之间在主体上一般不存在行政机关,在法律关系上不存在国家行政管理法律关系,因此,两者一般不会引起行政诉讼。
只有当劳动争议或人事争议的主体在处理争议时,涉及了行政机关主体,并行政机关做出了具体行政行为时,方可能导致行政诉讼,以“民”提起诉讼方可起动行政诉讼程序。
[案例] 某企业退休职工,发现自己在社保局所领取的退休养老金,比照国家规定少了独生子女与国家津贴两大项,便向当地社保局提出复核,当地社保局经复核后仍为无误,便以退休金系按职工企业提交的数据计算所得,当地社保局在补发了独生子女部分后作出了不支持其他请求事项的书面答复,在答复中载明若不服可依照法律规定向上级行政机关提出行政复议,该职工便向社保局的上级行政机关当地劳动局提出行政复议,劳动局经复议维持了社保局的意见。该职工不服便向人民法院提起行政诉讼。
本案系劳动争议纠纷,该职工本应向劳动仲裁委提起劳动争议仲裁,来处理企业漏报项目。但该职工选择直接由社保局复核处理的方式,结果最终起动了行政诉讼程序。
在该案中,该职工之所以选择行政复核,其原因是当地劳动仲裁委不受理该职工的仲裁申请,将该职工逼到了另一法律程序中。其实,社保局本应按国家规定复核,这是劳动局及社保局的职责义务,你不复核也应由劳动仲裁委来仲裁,但劳动仲裁委却又不受理。这些均属于国家职能部门的问题。
关于最高人民法院[法释(XX)13号]司法解释有关具体问题的思考
(四)关于朋友的英语演讲稿
目录
even through we were part, we still keep in touch with each other.in our whole lives,we'll meet too much people but only a few can be our best friends.when staying with them,we can release ourself pletely.we can do whatever we want, we can laugh together, talk together, and even cry together.i should say that being together with our best friends is the most wonderful moment of our lives.but in this fast-developing modern society, the reality is not that.more and more people forget to enjoy the beauty of friendship.they work hard in order to gain a higher position in the society and to earn more money for their work.they have few time to share with their friends.with the time goes by, they will be far away from each other.friend is kind of treasure in our lives.it's actually like a bottle of wine, the longer it is kept, the sweeter it will be.it also likes a cup of hot tea, when we are in bed time, it will warm our broken hearts.friends,especially best friends.it is what we should have in our lives,and it can make our lives be colorful go beyond our imagination.thanks for your listening.this is what i concerned.大家好。下午好。谢谢你给了我这个机会来谈论我的最关心的问题。我先到,我将会谈论的朋友。
我们每个人,无论贫富,都应该至少试一两个好朋友。我的朋友会听我,当我想说,帮助我,当我需要,会照顾我在我生病时,我的朋友和我一起肩并肩在这的人生旅程。
当您是孩子的时候,我突然面对的痛苦转移到另一所学校去。
后来,我变得熟悉环境,交了一些朋友,成为我最好的朋友了。他们对我说话的时候感到孤独的时候,他们在我需要的时候帮助过我的人,他们就把照顾我,当我生病了。即便是在我们的一部分,我们仍然保持着联系。
在我们的整个生命中,我们将会见太多的人,但只有少数人才能成为我们的朋友。待在一起的时候,我们可以放松自己完全。我们可以做任何想要的,我们能一起大声笑,谈论,甚至是哭泣
that’s all.thank you.goodmorning,everyone!i’m zhai yuxin,i e from yutai shi yan middle school.today, i’m very happy to have a chance to give a short speech here.the topic of my speech is the chion’s friends.we all need friends in our life.i think friends are like sunshine.a good friend can make you bee a better person and you can learn a lot from him.of course,i have lots of friends in my class.my best friend if tian yuhan.she is taller than me,and she is outgoing and hard-working.both of us like playing ping-pong,we often discuss some difficult problems together.when i am sad,she always makes feel better.i know she is really cares about me because she’s always there to listen to me.i enjoy time with her.i have so much friend’s love,i feel confident and i believe i can do better!that’s all,thank you!
reaching out to others.kelly mcgonigal translates academic research into practical strategies for health, happiness and personal success.why you should listen to her:
stanford university psychologist kelly mcgonigal is a leader in the growing field of “science-help.” through books, articles, courses and workshops, mcgonigal works to help us understand and implement the latest scientific findings in psychology, neuroscience and medicine.straddling the worlds of research and practice, mcgonigal holds positions in both the stanford graduate school of business and the school of medicine.her most recent book, the willpower instinct, explores the latest research on motivation, temptation and procrastination, as well as what it takes to transform habits, persevere at challenges and make a successful change.she is now researching a new book about the “upside of stress,” which will look at both why stress is good for us, and what makes us good at stress.in her s: “the old understanding of stress as a unhelpful relic of our animal instincts is being replaced by the understanding that stress actually makes us socially smart--it's what allows us to be fully human.” i have a confession to make, but first, i want you to make a little confession to me.in the past year, i want you to just raise your hand if you've experienced relatively little stress.anyone? how about a moderate amount of stress?
who has experienced a lot of stress? yeah.me too.but that is not my confession.my confession is this: i am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier.but i fear that something i've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good, and it has to do with stress.for years i've been telling people, stress makes you sick.it increases the risk of everything from the mon cold to cardiovascular disease.basically, i've turned stress into the enemy.but i have changed my mind about stress, and today, i want to change yours.let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach to stress.this study tracked 30,000 adults in the united states for eight years, and they started by asking people, “how much stress have you experienced in the last year?” they also asked, “do you believe that stress is harmful for your health?” and then they used public death records to find out who died.(laughter)okay.some bad news first.people who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying.but that was only true for the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health.(laughter)people who experienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful were no more likely to die.in fact, they had the lowest risk of dying of anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress.now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 americans died prematurely, not from stress, but
from the belief that stress is bad for you.(laughter)that is over 20,000 deaths a year.now, if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death in the united states last year, killing more people than skin cancer, hiv/aids and homicide.(laughter)you can see why this study freaked me out.here i've been spending so much energy telling people stress is bad for your health.so this study got me wondering: can changing how you think about stress make you healthier? and here the science says yes.when you change your mind about stress, you can change your body's response to stress.now to explain how this works, i want you all to pretend that you are participants in a study designed to stress you out.it's called the social stress test.you e into the laboratory, and you're told you have to give a five-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of expert evaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel the pressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this.and the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbal feedback like this.(laughter)now that you're sufficiently demoralized, time for part two: a math test.and unbeknownst to you, the experimenter has been trained to harass you during it.now we're going to all do this together.it's going to be fun.for me.okay.i want you all to count backwards from 996 in increments of
seven.you're going to do this out loud as fast as you can, starting with 996.go!audience:(counting)go faster.faster please.you're going too slow.stop.stop, stop, stop.that guy made a mistake.we are going to have to start all over again.(laughter)you're not very good at this, are you? okay, so you get the idea.now, if you were actually in this study, you'd probably be a little stressed out.your heart might be pounding, you might be breathing faster, maybe breaking out into a sweat.and normally, we interpret these physical changes as anxiety or signs that we aren't coping very well with the pressure.but what if you viewed them instead as signs that your body was energized, was preparing you to meet this challenge? now that is exactly what participants were told in a study conducted at harvard university.before they went through the social stress test, they were taught to rethink their stress response as helpful.that pounding heart is preparing you for action.if you're breathing faster, it's no problem.it's getting more oxygen to your brain.and participants who learned to view the stress response as helpful for their performance, well, they were less stressed out, less anxious, more confident, but the most fascinating finding to me was how their physical stress response changed.now, in a typical stress response, your heart rate goes up, and your blood vessels constrict like this.and this is one of the reasons that chronic stress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease.it's not really healthy to be in this state all the time.but in the study, when participants viewed their stress response as helpful, their blood vessels stayed relaxed like this.their heart was still pounding, but
this is a much healthier cardiovascular profile.it actually looks a lot like what happens in moments of joy and courage.over a lifetime of stressful experiences, this one biological change could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 50 and living well into your 90s.and this is really what the new science of stress reveals, that how you think about stress matters.so my goal as a health psychologist has changed.i no longer want to get rid of your stress.i want to make you better at stress.and we just did a little intervention.if you raised your hand and said you'd had a lot of stress in the last year, we could have saved your life, because hopefully the next time your heart is pounding from stress, you're going to remember this talk and you're going to think to yourself, this is my body helping me rise to this challenge.and when you view stress in that way, your body believes you, and your stress response bees healthier.now i said i have over a decade of demonizing stress to redeem myself from, so we are going to do one more intervention.i want to tell you about one of the most under-appreciated aspects of the stress response, and the idea is this: stress makes you social.to understand this side of stress, we need to talk about a hormone, oxytocin, and i know oxytocin has already gotten as much hype as a hormone can get.it even has its own cute nickname, the cuddle hormone, because it's released when you hug someone.but this is a very small part of what oxytocin is involved in.oxytocin is a neuro-hormone.it fine-tunes
your brain's social instincts.it primes you to do things that strengthen close relationships.oxytocin makes you crave physical contact with your friends and family.it enhances your empathy.it even makes you more willing to help and support the people you care about.some people have even suggested we should snort oxytocin to bee more passionate and caring.but here's what most people don't understand about oxytocin.it's a stress hormone.your pituitary gland pumps this stuff out as part of the stress response.it's as much a part of your stress response as the adrenaline that makes your heart pound.and when oxytocin is released in the stress response, it is motivating you to seek support.your biological stress response is nudging you to tell someone how you feel instead of bottling it up.your stress response wants to make sure you notice when someone else in your life is struggling so that you can support each other.when life is difficult, your stress response wants you to be surrounded by people who care about you.okay, so how is knowing this side of stress going to make you healthier? w(版权归好)ell, oxytocin doesn't only act on your brain.it also acts on your body, and one of its main roles in your body is to protect your cardiovascular system from the effects of stress.it's a natural anti-inflammatory.it also helps your blood vessels stay relaxed during stress.but my favorite effect on the body is actually on the heart.your heart has receptors for this hormone, and oxytocin helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage.this stress hormone strengthens your
heart, and the cool thing is that all of these physical benefits of oxytocin are enhanced by social contact and social support, so when you reach out to others under stress, either to seek support or to help someone else, you release more of this hormone, your stress response bees healthier, and you actually recover faster from stress.i find this amazing, that your stress response has a built-in mechanism for stress resilience, and that mechanism is human connection.i want to finish by telling you about one more study.and listen up, because this study could also save a life.this study tracked about 1,000 adults in the united states, and they ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started the study by asking, “how much stress have you experienced in the last year?” they also asked, “how much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, people in your munity?” and then they used public records for the next five years to find out who died.okay, so the bad news first: for every major stressful life experience, like financial difficulties or family crisis, that increased the risk of dying by 30 percent.but--and i hope you are expecting a but by now--but that wasn't true for everyone.people who spent time caring for others showed absolutely no stress-related increase in dying.zero.caring created resilience.and so we see once again that the harmful effects of stress on your health are not inevitable.how you think and how you act can transform your experience of stress.when you choose to view your stress response as helpful, you create the biology of courage.and when you choose to connect
with others under stress, you can create resilience.now i wouldn't necessarily ask for more stressful experiences in my life, but this science has given me a whole new appreciation for stress.stress gives us access to our hearts.the passionate heart that finds joy and meaning in connecting with others, and yes, your pounding physical heart, working so hard to give you strength and energy, and when you choose to view stress in this way, you're not just getting better at stress, you're actually making a pretty profound statement.you're saying that you can trust yourself to handle life's challenges, and you're remembering that you don't have to face them alone.thank you.(applause)chris anderson: this is kind of amazing, what you're telling us.it seems amazing to me that a belief about stress can make so much difference to someone's life expectancy.how would that extend to advice, like, if someone is making a lifestyle choice between, say, a stressful job and a non-stressful job, does it matter which way they go? it's equally wise to go for the stressful job so long as you believe that you can handle it, in some sense? kelly mcgonigal: yeah, and one thing we know for certain is that chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid disfort.and so i would say that's really the best way to make decisions, is go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows.ca: thank you so much, kelly.it's pretty cool.km: thank you.(applause)推荐更多精彩文章: 朋友演讲稿 朋友演讲稿 《朋友》演讲稿 关于朋友演讲稿 英语朋友感谢