听夏博士讲解九种经典GMAT SC句子结构,看完只会觉得相见恨晚

第一篇：听夏博士讲解九种经典GMAT SC句子结构,看完只会觉得相见恨晚

这几种常见的GMAT SATSC句子结构在每次考试中几乎都会见到，而且出现频率较高，但是还是有很多学生对这几种结构不是很清楚，其实搞清楚只需要几分钟时间，但这几分钟胜过你做十几套试卷的收获。

希望看完的学生，关于这几种句子结构，从今天开始不要再有任何疑问了。

1.S+V+O, which V ……

S+V+O, who V ……

which代表“非人”，who只能代表“人”。

V动作的发出者是离which最近的那个事物，应该是O，前提是O确实是离which最近；但是，如果O后面有个“枝叶成分”，比如S+V+O in A, which…，那么理论上讲which指代的是A； 如果 S+V+O in A of B, which…., 那么 which可以指代B或者指代 A of B（将A of B当成一个统一的名词），具体情况具体分析。

比如说： He is one of the actors, who have been nominated for the Academy awards.

My brother went to University of Chicago, which is one of the best schools in the world.

2.S+V+O，Ving …..V动作的发出者可以是S，也可以是S+V+O这整件事儿, 但一定不可以是O

比如： I gave 一个巴掌 to 小三 , making my wife happy.

3.S+V+O Ving……

Ving 直接在O后面，前面没有逗号。这种情况下V动作的发出者是O，相当于S+V+O（which be）Ving ……

这里面 which+be 动词是可以省略的。

比如： the girl wearing a red hat=the girl(who is)wearing a red hat.4.S+V+O，Ved….Making my wife高兴的是“I” 或者是 “I gave 一个巴掌 to 小三”这件事儿，但绝不可能是“小三儿” 这里面which 指代的是 University of Chicago, 而不是Chicago，因为University of Chicago 代表一个整体。这里面用的是have，所以who指代的是actors，而不是he。

V这个动作的被动执行者是 O

比如： GMAT SC考试原题

Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.A.原句

B.based on cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and the exploitation of

C.and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting of

D.and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting

E.and they based it on their cultivating such crops such as corn and beans, their harvest of fish and shellfish, and they exploited

 这道题里面based on 的动作的被动的执行者是their own elaborate society

相当于 their own elaborate society is based on cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.这道题的答案是选B。主要是从平行结构角度来做这道题。

5.Ved……, S+V+O

V这个动作的被动执行者只能是S

比如： Based on the theory of PPA, this article is mainly about the development of China’s infrastructure. 相当于 this article is based on the theory of PPA.6.Ving….., S+V+O

V这个动作的主动发出者只能是S

比如： Basing on the theory of PPA, the author of this paper elaborated on the development of China’s infrastructure. 相当于 the author is basing this paper on the theory of PPA.7.独立主格

独立主格相对比较复杂，不是一两句话就能说清楚，具体请参考我的另外一篇短文：夏鑫讲解GMAT考试中的独立主格结构。

8.同位语的三种类型

a.简单同位语

所谓简单的同位语即直接接在名词后面，用以解释或者说明这个名词。

比如： My hometown is China, the most populous country in the world.The most populous country in the world 就是 解释说明China.b.整体代表前句的同位语

整体代表前句指的是： 以同位语代表前面整句话，用以解释说明或者补充说明。

比如：In 1936, the Nazi attacked Poland, an event that shocked the world.这里面 an event that shocked the world 就是指的是前面提到的这件事儿。

GMAT题目：

Sixty-five million years ago, according to some scientists, an asteroid bigger than Mount Everest of the geologic era known as the Cretaceous Period.A.which, causing plant and animal extinctions, marks

B.which caused the plant and animal extinctions marking

C.and causing plant and animal extinctions that mark

D.an event that caused plant and animal extinctions, and it marks

E.an event that caused the plant and animal extinctions that mark

这道题应该选E，就是这种整体代表前句的同位语。

c.局部代表前句的同位语

局部代表前面的同位语是指：前一句中的某一个局部内容在后面单独再领出来解释与说明，或者补充说明。

比如： In 1936，the Nazi used the 阿帕奇战斗机 to attack Poland, an fighting plane that used the most advanced technology by then.这句话里面 an fighting plane that used the most advanced technology by then.就是解释和说明了前文所说的：阿帕奇战斗机。

看一道GMAT真题：

Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the global climate.A.atmosphere, interactions that affect

B.atmosphere, with interactions affecting

C.atmosphere that affects

D.atmosphere that is affecting

E.atmosphere as affects

这道题应该选A

这道题A选项的interactions that affect global climate.就是补充解释说明前文的long-term interactions。

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