热能与动力工程专业英语重点 原版

第一篇：热能与动力工程专业英语重点 原版

1.开口系统：与外界既有物质交换又有能量交换，把研究对象控制在某个空间。---定容积系统 An Open system(or a control volume 控制体积）is a properly selected region in space.Both mass and energy can cross the boundary of a control volume.such as, A Water heater, a turbine and acompressor, etc

2.闭口系统：系统与外界只有能量（功量、热量）的交换而无质量交换。——定质量系统A Closed system(a control mass控制质量)consists of a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary.That is, no mass enters or leave a closed system.such as, Piston-cylinder device(汽缸-活塞装置）

3.绝热系统：系统与外界只有功量和质量的交换，而无热量的交换。Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with work cross the boundary

4.孤立系统：系统与外界既无能量交换又无质量交换，即系统与环境不发生任何作用。Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary.5.热力学第一定律：自然界一切物体都具有能量，能量有各种不同形式，它能从一种形式转化为另一种形式，从一个物体传递给另一个物体，在转化和传递过程中能量的总和不变。The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics：“In all cases in which work is produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is consumed which is proportional to the work done;and conversely, by the expenditure of an equal quantity of work an equal quantity of heat is produced.”

6.热力学第二定律：不可能把热从低温物体传到高温物体而不产生其他影响；不可能从单一热源取热使之完全转换为有用的功而不产生其他影响；不可逆热力过程中熵的微增量总是大于零。

Second law of thermodynamics： Impossible to heat from low temperature to high temperature object object does not produce other effects;not possible from a single heat source heat so completely converted into useful work and does not produce other effects;irreversible thermodynamic entropy in the process of the incremental volume is always greater than zero.7.锅炉：锅炉利用热量使水转变成蒸汽以进行各种利用。Boilers use heat to convert water into steam for a variety of applications.8.汽轮机：将蒸汽的热能转换为机械能的叶轮式旋转原动机。

Steam Turbine is the impeller rotating prime moverthatthe thermal energy of the steam is converted to mechanical energy。

9.省煤器：省煤器（英文名称Economizer）就是锅炉尾部烟道中将锅炉给水加热成汽包压力下的饱和水的受热面。The economizer(Name Economizer)is the rear of the boiler flue of the boiler feed water is heated into steam drum pressure saturated water heating surface。

10.空预器：空气预热器就是锅炉尾部烟道中的烟气通过内部的散热片将进入锅炉前的空气预热到一定温度的受热面。The air preheater through the fins of the internal heating surface will enter the air is preheated to a certain

temperature in the boiler before the flue gas in the rear of the boiler flue.11.反动度：蒸汽在动叶栅中的等熵焓降与级的等熵焓降之比

The degree of reaction is steam Rotor Cascade isentropic enthalpy drop class isentropic enthalpy drop ratio.12.状态：某一瞬间热力系所呈现的宏观状况

State: it reveals the physical condition of a system.13.状态参数：描述系统宏观物理状况的物理量,简称参数Properties are used todepictanycharacteristic of a system.14.比体积：单位质量的物质所占有的体积，用v表示。

Specific volume is the reciprocal of density and is defined as volume per unit mass.15.真空度：表示绝对压力低于大气压力的量值

Vacuum pressure（真空度）：Pressures below atmosphere pressure.It is the pressure difference between atmospheric and system pressure when system pressure is lower than atmospheric And it is denoted as PVAC or H.16.如果两个系统分别与第三个系统处于热平衡，则两个系统彼此必然处于热平衡。

If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.17.平衡状态：所谓平衡状态就是指在没有外界影响的情况下，系统的状态不随时间而发生变化。

A system in equilibrium experiences no changes with time when it is isolated from its surroundings.18.热力系统经过一系列变化回到初态，这一系列变化过程称为热力循环。

A system is said to have undergone a cycle if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process

12.A turbine cylinder(汽轮机汽缸）isessentialapressurevesselwithit’sweightsupportedateachend onthehorizontalcenterline.19.热力系统的定义（Definition）

系统就是指被选做研究对象的物体或空间。（A quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.）

20.热平衡（Thermal equilibrium）

If the temperature is the same throughout the entiresystem.

第二篇：热能与动力工程专业英语

强度量：intensive properties do not depend on mass（e,g,p,ρ,ν=1/ρ,u and h）,extensive properties depend on the total mass of the system（e,g,V,M,U,and H）.Uppercase letters are usually used for extensive properties.准平衡：equilibrium：states of a system are most conveniently described when the system is in equilibrium, i.e.it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process thatchange “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat andwork.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy(heat and work)and matter with their environment.闭口系统：exchangeing energy(heat and work)but not matter with their environment.孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work.辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation.We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference;this is called thermal radiation.对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics.we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer.对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection.If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate.We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate.传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference.传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat.The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions.The fact that a heat-transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics.Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process.Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy-transfer rates.As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations.影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into

Equation ,called the emissive ε:which relates the radiation of the “gray”surface to that of an ideal black surface.We must take into account the fact that not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface since electromagnic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to the surroundings.热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering 能量转化energy-transfer 比例常数proportionality constant 比例系数proportionality factor 活性中心active center 对流传热convection heat transfer 电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation 角系数view factor 准静态过程quasi-static process 准平衡quasi-equilibrium 静态平衡static equilibrium 强度参数intensive property 广延参数extensive property 燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor 热力学性质 thermodynamic property 摩尔热容molar heat capacity 动能kinetic energy 压缩因子compressibility factor 温度传感器temperature sensor 测量电路measurement circuit 电压输出voltage output 静电荷electrostatic charge 励磁电源excitation power 内能internal energy 能量原理energy principle 能量平衡energy balance 能量守恒conservation of energy 剪切应力shear force/stress 角速度angular velocity 速度梯度velocity gradient 温度梯度temperature gradient 一维one-dimensional 机械能mechanical energy 内能internal energy 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 凝固/硬化take a set 流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 空煤比the air-coal ratio 质量作用定律the law of mass action 阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law 活化分子active molecule 活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy

自由价free valency 支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation 活化中心active centres 能级energy levels 甲烷methane ch4 压缩机compressor 冷凝器condenser 膨胀阀expansion valve 可逆reversible 绝热adiabatic 等熵isentropic 余隙容积clearance volume 比容specific volume 压力损失pressure loss 溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature 体积流速the volume flow rate 液压头liquid head 成比例的proportional 成反比例的inversely proportional 热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature 相变phase change 导热性thermal conductivity 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 强制对流forced convection 自然对流natural convection 外表面external surface 焓enthalpy 熵entropy 对流传热convection heat transfer 牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling 流体物性properties of the liquid 质量流量比mass flow ratio 电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy 热辐射thermal radiation 净辐射量net radiation 流体力学fluid mechanics 热力学性质thermodynamic property 牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity 温熵图temperature-entropy diagram 回转式发动机rotary engine 汽轮机steam turbine 光化学烟雾photochemical smog 核电站nuclear power plant 流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion 余热锅炉a heat recovery builer 表面积surface area

强度量：intensive properties do not depend on mass（e,g,p,ρ,ν=1/ρ,u and h）,extensive properties depend on the total mass of the system（e,g,V,M,U,and H）.Uppercase letters are usually used for extensive properties.准平衡：equilibrium：states of a system are most conveniently described when the system is in equilibrium, i.e.it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process thatchange “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat andwork.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy(heat and work)and matter with their environment.闭口系统：exchangeing energy(heat and work)but not matter with their environment.孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work.辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation.We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference;this is called thermal radiation.对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics.we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer.对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection.If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate.We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate.传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference.传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat.The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions.The fact that a heat-transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics.Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process.Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy-transfer rates.As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations.影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into

Equation ,called the emissive ε:which relates the radiation of the “gray”surface to that of an ideal black surface.We must take into account the fact that not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface since electromagnic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to the surroundings

热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering 能量转化energy-transfer 比例常数proportionality constant 比例系数proportionality factor 活性中心active center 对流传热convection heat transfer 电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation 角系数view factor 准静态过程quasi-static process 准平衡quasi-equilibrium 静态平衡static equilibrium 强度参数intensive property 广延参数extensive property 燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor 热力学性质 thermodynamic property 摩尔热容molar heat capacity 动能kinetic energy 压缩因子compressibility factor 温度传感器temperature sensor 测量电路measurement circuit 电压输出voltage output 静电荷electrostatic charge 励磁电源excitation power 内能internal energy 能量原理energy principle 能量平衡energy balance 能量守恒conservation of energy 剪切应力shear force/stress 角速度angular velocity 速度梯度velocity gradient 温度梯度temperature gradient 一维one-dimensional 机械能mechanical energy 内能internal energy 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 凝固/硬化take a set 流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 空煤比the air-coal ratio 质量作用定律the law of mass action 阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law 活化分子active molecule 活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy 自由价free valency

支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation 活化中心active centres 能级energy levels 甲烷methane ch4 压缩机compressor 冷凝器condenser 膨胀阀expansion valve 可逆reversible 绝热adiabatic 等熵isentropic 余隙容积clearance volume 比容specific volume 压力损失pressure loss 溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature 体积流速the volume flow rate 液压头liquid head 成比例的proportional 成反比例的inversely proportional 热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature 相变phase change 导热性thermal conductivity 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 强制对流forced convection 自然对流natural convection 外表面external surface 焓enthalpy 熵entropy 对流传热convection heat transfer 牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling 流体物性properties of the liquid 质量流量比mass flow ratio 电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy 热辐射thermal radiation 净辐射量net radiation 流体力学fluid mechanics 热力学性质thermodynamic property 牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity 温熵图temperature-entropy diagram 回转式发动机rotary engine 汽轮机steam turbine 光化学烟雾photochemical smog 核电站nuclear power plant 流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion 余热锅炉a heat recovery builer 表面积surface area

第三篇：热能与动力工程 - 副本

热能与动力工程专业

题目学校学院班级姓名学号学科导论结课论文 浅谈热能与动力工程专业的就业前景

2008年4月22日

浅谈热能与动力工程专业的就业前景

摘要人类发展至今，已经经过了柴草时期、煤炭时期、石油时期，并已进入新能源时期，随着科技的发展，越来越多的能源得到了开发和利用，能源和人类的生活也越来越紧密联系，本文主要探讨能源发展的历史与前景，以及热能与动力工程专业毕业生的就业展望。

关键词能源 热能与动力工程专业 就业

正文

马克思曾经说过“世界是物质的，物质是运动的”，我们可以由此看到，世界上一切客观事物的存在，都离不开能源。从古至今，能源一直在人们的生产生活中扮演着重要的角色。18世纪以前的人们知道用火取暖，加热食物，驱赶野兽，从而得以进化，那时，对能源的利用还比较低等，需求也不是特别大，并没有动力推动对能源的开发和利用，我们称之为“柴草时期”。接着，人们进入煤炭时期，对煤炭的开采始于13世纪，而大规模开采并使其成为世界的主要能源则是18世纪中叶的事了。1769年，瓦特发明蒸汽机，煤炭作为蒸汽机的动力之源而受到关注。并随之产生了第一次产业革命，第一次产业革命期间，冶金工业、机械工业、交通运输业、化学工业等行业的大幅发展，使煤炭的需求量与日俱增，直至20世纪40年代末，在世界能源消费中煤炭仍占首位。第二次世界大战之后，在美国、中东、北非等地区相继发现了大型油田及伴生的天然气资源，由于每吨原油产生的热量是煤的两倍。并且石油炼制得到的汽油、柴油等是汽车、飞机使用的内燃机燃料。世界各国纷纷投资石油的勘探和炼制，新技术和新工艺不断涌现，石油产品的成本大幅度降低，发达国家的石油消费量猛增。到20世纪60年代初期，世界能源消耗中，石油和天然气的消耗比例开始超过煤炭而居首位。而今，进入21世纪已有8年，我们又进入了一个新的能源时代：新能源时代。核能、太阳能、风能、地热能、潮汐能、氢能、生物能等大量新能源得到了开发与利用。有些新能源也已经有实验室走进了人们的家中。与此同时，由于石油等矿物能源产量的制约和某些政治上的因素，传统能源已显示出疲态，人们对能源的关注度也提升到了一个较高的高度。

我有幸考入北京科技大学机械工程学院，从而得到了选择热能与动力工程专业的机会。北京科技大学热能工程系始于1958年的冶金系冶金炉专业，有着悠久的历史。拥有热能工程、工程热物理、制冷及低温工程、流体机械与工程、动力机械与工程、化工过程机械6个主要学科，博士一级学科点一个、二级学科点六个、博士后流动站一个以及国家与北京市重点学科，可以授予从工学学士到博士的一系列学位。身为一名首都大学生，我深刻地认识到了自己的时代使命。从国家角度，中国依然没有统一，存在着些许历史遗留问题，需要许许多多的我们付出努力使之强大起来。从个人角度，我们毫无疑问应该追求更高的精神世界与更好的物质条件，而这一切需要稳定的工作和收入来保障。2007年，全国本科毕业生达到480万，岗位缺口1200万，这一数字已经逐年增增长，并将在一定时期内持续增长下去。在2007年的昆明市的公务员报名中，甚至出现了302人抢一个职位的景象。我们可以看到，目前就业压力日益严重，如何找到符合自己兴趣，适应就业趋势的专业已经成了广大准毕业生的当务之急。

记得2002年电子商务兴起的时候，有人预言机械将会成为夕阳产业，因为轻工业、电子商务的兴起与发展势必会降低重工业在国家经济中所占有的比例。时至今日，这种论断不仅没有实现，反而恰恰相反，国内的机械生产水平得到了空前的提高，对专业对口毕业生的需求也有增无减，可以预见的是，本专业的毕业生会在节能、制冷、动力、环保领域的设计开发、制造生产、运行管理、科研教学等方面大有作为。

北京科技大学机械工程学院热能工程系教授王立说过：能源无所不是、无处不在！毫无疑问，人类想要生存下去，能源是一个必须解决的问题，热能与动力工程专业恰恰满足了这一需求。

第四篇：热能与动力工程

热能与动力工程（热能动力设备与应用）

培养目标：

培养适应社会主义现代化建设需要的，在热能工程方面获得工程师基本训练的工程技术人才。

专业培养要求：

本专业毕业生应掌握本专业必须的较系统的基本科学理论，较广泛的技术基础理论，必要的专业知识及基本技能。掌握热能释放、转换、传递和节能技术知识，合理有效利用能源以及热工过程和热力系统的动态分析、自动控制、热工设备及系统的优化分析、运行管理和技术改造知识。具有热工设备的设计、实验、研究和调整能力。

主要课程：

高中起点专科：高等数学、英语、机械制图、电工学、线性代数、工程力学、工程流体力学、泵与风机、锅炉原理、传热学、汽轮机原理、热力系统。

专科起点本科：高等数学、英语、工程力学、机械学、电工学、流体力学、工程热力学、传热学、锅炉原理、热力系统、燃烧理论与设备、压力容器强度分析、锅炉动态特性及调节。

学制：高中起点专科2.5年 专科起点本科2.5年

本科授予学位：工学学士

第五篇：热能与动力工程

热能工程、工程热物理、低温工程及制冷技术

1.冶金方向：单位：钢铁厂，冶金炉设计院。代表学校：北京科技大学、东北大学。

2.锅炉、蒸汽轮机方面：单位：发电厂，锅炉制造厂。代表学校：清华大学、华北电力大学。

3.发动机方向：单位：设计院、汽车厂。代表学校：天津大学、北京航空航天大学。