关于天坛景点导游词最新[范文模版]

第一篇：关于天坛景点导游词最新[范文模版]

据史料记载，有正式祭祀天地的活动，可追溯到公元前两千年，尚处于奴隶制社会的夏朝。中国古代帝王自称“天子”，他们对天地非常崇敬。天坛是明永乐十八年(1420年)仿南京形制建天地坛，合祭皇天后土，当时是在大祀殿行祭典。你去过天坛吗?下面是小编整理的天坛导游词范文，欢迎阅读。

关于天坛景点导游词范文1

各位游客，大家好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿，将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫，1900年又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏，新中国成立以后，这里成了着名的旅游景点，还有很多健身的人们。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。

现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是皇帝专用的，所以高大，皇帝只能从左侧的进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。

来到圜丘坛下，我们马上就要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家都会发现，坛上所有的阶数，都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高”之意。

谢谢你们来北京天坛，欢迎下次再来啦!

关于天坛景点导游词范文2

各位团友：

我们现在们在天坛的昭亨门，也就是现在天坛的南大门。

天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。

我们从南门进去，向北走，首先看到的就是在昭亨门西面的三座高大的石台，它叫作台。台上有长杆，叫望灯杆，该杆始建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，杆长九丈九尺九寸。祭天时，三根灯杆上各吊一只直径六尺、高八尺的大灯笼，所用特制，长四尺，粗一尺，并铸有凸龙花纺。燃点时不灭，不流油，不剪蜡花，可燃烧十二个小时，名为蟠龙通宵宝蜡。

此刻在我们眼前的便是圜丘坛俗称祭天台，这是名副其实的天坛。建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。这是我国古代人民巧妙运用几何学原理设计的一座杰出建筑，各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含九的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

从南门进入圜丘坛，在内墙南隅有一座用绿琉璃砖砌成的燔炉，是祭天时焚烧松柏木和祭祀后烧祝版、祝帛的地方，燔炉旁有一座瘗坎，祭典结束，把扬供全牛的尾毛血等埋在坎内，像征不忘祖先茹毛饮血的意思。大家看在燔炉前排有8座燎炉，这些是专为祭天时焚烧松柏枝、松花、松塔等用的，在坛东、西门内还各有一对。

现在我们来到了皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米，底部直径15.6米。砖木结构，整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑，顶无横梁，由众多斗拱层层上叠，天花板层层收缩，组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台，是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿，为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。现按原样陈列，并塑有清代祭天官员的蜡像。

下面介绍的是迷人的圆心石回音圜丘坛上层中心有一块圆心石，是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时，自己听起来声音很宏大，有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人，则无此种感觉。为什么呢?原来，这也是一种声学现象：由于坛面十分光洁平滑，声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后，能够迅速地被反射回来。据声学专家测验，从发音到声波再回到圆心石的时间，总共仅有零点零七秒钟。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圆心石的人听起来，其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是上天垂象，是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应，同时并赋予亿兆景从石的美名。

我们从在皇穹宇的西面出在，在这里有一株古柏，名为九龙柏，树干扭结纠屈，宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙，故此得名。据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前，已有近千年历史。天坛境内广植有树龄悠长、树身高大、四季不凋、繁茂苍翠的松树和柏树。树海林涛，森森淼淼，以造成一种海阔天空的广漠景象。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥，这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道，为何又称桥呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞，与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉，故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。全长360米，宽约30米，整个桥体由南向北逐渐升高，南端高约1米，北端高达3米左右。如此设计建造，一则象征皇帝步步高升，寓升天之意;二则表示从人间到天上，具有遥远的路程。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线，起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫神道，神道左右两侧的条石道，分别叫御道和王道。天帝神灵走神道，皇帝走御道，王公大臣走王道。

此刻我们脚下的便是进牲门-俗称鬼门关，为什么要叫鬼门关呢?因为于祭日前，外坛西南隅牺牲所的所牧和所军，需从此洞门自西向东赶运牛、羊、鹿、兔等至宰牲亭屠宰。这一活动叫进牲。因凡经过此门的牲畜，全被宰杀无存，用以制作供品，故有鬼门关之称。

沿着丹陛桥继续向北走，现在在我们左边的是具服台，它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧，为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时，更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

关于天坛景点导游词范文3

各位游客大家好，我是你们的导游，在今后的几天里你们就叫我季导就可以了。首先欢迎各位来到这美丽雄伟的天坛!今天我们主要参观祈谷坛、祈年殿、圜丘坛、斋宫等名胜古迹。参观的时候，请大家把垃圾扔进垃圾箱，或者随身携带的塑料袋，争做文明游客哟!

天坛其实是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”“祈谷”的场所，位于正阳门外东侧。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意为“天圆地方”。内坛——就是我们现在所在的地方，分为南北两部分。游客们，你们看这北边的建筑，它叫“祈谷坛”。相传在清、明两朝时，因为当时生产力非常低下，收成都是老天爷掌握的，所以就在北边修建了一座专门祈祷丰年的“祈谷坛”，每年由皇帝在春天向老天祈求，赐予人间好的收成。

请大家跟着我走，我们现在来到了内坛中心建筑“祈年殿”。它坐落在三层圆形的高大的石台墓上，是座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径30米。三重殿均有深蓝色的琉璃瓦，层层缩小，显放射形，顶上冠以巨大的鎏金宝顶。这座大殿在建筑与造型上都有很大的艺术价值。洁白的台基象征白云，深蓝色的殿顶象征苍穹，柱子、彩画、鎏金宝顶象征彩霞，综合而成为蓝天玉宇的优美造型。

游客们快看啊，这南边的雄伟建筑“圜丘坛”专门用于冬至日祭天，中心建筑是一座巨大的圆形石台，名为“圜丘”。两坛之间总长360米，高出了地面甬道，丹陛桥相连，共同形成了一个南北长1200米的天坛建筑轴线，两侧为大面积的古柏林。

穿过甬道，我们看到的这座建筑物是西天门内南侧的“斋宫”。据说是皇帝祈祷前斋戒时的住所。“斋宫”也因此得名。

听了我的介绍，你们一定很想仔细游赏一下天坛的美景，拍拍照，留个念。下面的时间就留给大家，大家有足够的时间畅游。1小时以后，我们还在这里集合，希望大家遵守时间，注意保持园内卫生。一会儿见!

关于天坛景点导游词范文4

您好!欢迎大家来到北京天坛公园天坛。

天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。它的严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，瑰丽的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致，最美丽的古建筑群，天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

还有一个关于天坛公园的故事：在很久以前，黄帝准备去打蚩尤。他来到天坛以后，祭天说：“为之琼林台，昔黄帝上坛，于此告天，遂感九天玄女西王母降，授九鼎神丹经阴符策，遂乃克伏蚩尤之党，处契约天坛之始也。”果然，还真显灵了，黄帝真的把蚩尤给打败了。于是，他又来祭天，感谢上帝帮助之恩。三年后8月第三次祭天，报答上帝使国家强盛，风调雨顺，国泰民安。

现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始这次的游览。

沿着天坛建筑的中轴线由南向北行进，首先看到的是古代皇帝用于孟冬祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。棂星门的大小都不一样，中门是上帝专用的，所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。坛上所有的台阶数、护板数都是九或者九的'倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。天心石是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

现在，咱们就坐车回酒店去，到了早上，就去游另外的一个景点。

关于天坛景点导游词范文5

天坛是明、清两朝皇帝祭天、求雨和祈祷丰年的专用祭坛，是全国最著名的古建筑之一。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意“天圆地方”，整个天坛分为内坛、外坛两部分，祈年殿、回音壁等耳熟能详的建筑都位于内坛。

内坛以宫墙分为南北两部分，北部为“祈谷坛”，是皇帝在春季举行祈谷大典的场所，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、东西配殿、祈年门、神厨、宰牲亭、七十二长廊等。南部为“圜丘坛”，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至日祭天的地方，主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇及配殿、神厨、三库及宰牲亭等。连接两坛的是一条长360米、宽28米、高2。5米的砖石台，称为“神道”，又称“海墁大道”，也叫“丹陛桥”，寓意着上天庭要经过的漫长道路。

游玩天坛，除了观赏各殿堂的精巧建筑、追寻古代帝王祭天的宏大场面外，回音壁、三音石等奇巧的设计也一样令人慨叹古人的智慧。在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声;于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声;于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。

单纯的参观，可能对古代帝王祭天仪式总是没有具体的概念。不要紧，设在祈年殿西配殿的祭天礼仪馆里详细介绍了中国祭天礼仪的演变过程，重点展示了清代祭天大典的礼仪情况，包括各种祭天礼器和祭天程序等，其中《清乾隆十三年大驾卤簿图》第一次展现了中国皇家最高仪仗的风貌，尤为精彩不可错过。而设在祈年殿东配殿的祭天乐舞馆则以编钟、编磬等清代中和韶乐的乐器实物，结合文字和图片，全面介绍了中和韶乐的历史沿革、乐舞制度、管理机构及祈谷大典时的演乐场面，使游人对祭天乐舞有直观和全面的了解。

关于天坛景点导游词范文5篇最新

第二篇：北京景点天坛德文导游词

der himmelstempel in beijing der himmelstempel war der ort, wo die kaiser der ming-und qing-dynastie um eine reiche ernte beteten.er wurde im jahr 1420 fertiggestellt und ist heute mit einer fläche von 273 ha der größte tempelkomplex chinas.in der anfangszeit trug der himmelstempel den namen himmels-und erdtempel.dort opferte der kaiser dem himmel und der erde.im jahr 1530 wurde der erdtempel im nördlichen vorort von beijing fertiggestellt.seither wird der himmels-und erdtempel als himmelstempel bezeichnet.jedes jahr zur zeit der sommersonnenwende und der wintersonnenwende begab sich der kaiser zum himmelstempel, wo großartige opferzeremonien stattfanden.der himmelstempel ist von zwei mauern--einer innen-und einer außenmauerumgeben.deswegen teilt sich der himmelstempel in den innen-und au?enteil.der heute himmelstempel genannte teil ist tats?chlich der innere tempel.hier stehen der huanqiutan(himmelsaltar)im süden und der qigutan(altar der ernteopfer)im norden.die beiden hauptwerke sind durch eine 360 m lange terrasse, die als danbiqiao(brücke der roten palaststufen)bezeichnet wird, verbunden.der huanqiutan war der platz, wo der kaiser jedes jahr zur zeit der wintersonnenwende dem himmel opferte.er wurde im jahr 1530 fertiggestellt und im jahr 1749 ausgebaut.die oberfl?che des himmelsaltars war in der ming-dynastie mit blauen glasierten fliesen belegt.w?hrend des ausbaus in der qing-dynastie wurden die fliesen durch steine ersetzt.der kreisf?rmige huanqiutan symbolisiert den himmel und besteht aus 3 ebenen.im zentrum der obersten ebene steht eine gro?e kreisf?rmige steinplatte, die als stein des himmelsmittelpunkts bezeichnet wird.die huangqiongyu(halle des himmelsgew?lbes)liegt n?rdlich vom huanqiutan und ist der ort, wo die gedenktafel oberster herrscher des himmels aufbewahrt wurde.au?erhalb dieser halle befinden sich 10 seitenhallen.die haupthalle und die 10 seitenhallen werden von einer kreisf?rmigen mauer umgeben.die innenseite der mauer wird als echomauer bezeichnet, weil sich hier der schall auf optimale weise fortpflanzt.die echomauer wird von alters her als eines der wunder vom himmelstempel bezeichnet.篇三：北京天坛导游词

北京天坛导游词

大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*导！现在快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦！

乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车！现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧！天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

第三篇：北京景点天坛德文导游词

Der Himmelstempel in Beijing

Der Himmelstempel war der Ort, wo die Kaiser der Ming-und Qing-Dynastie um eine reiche Ernte beteten.Er wurde im Jahr 1420 fertiggestellt und ist heute mit einer Fläche von 273 ha der größte Tempelkomplex Chinas.In der Anfangszeit trug der Himmelstempel den Namen “Himmels-und Erdtempel”.Dort opferte der Kaiser dem Himmel und der Erde.Im Jahr 1530 wurde der Erdtempel im nördlichen Vorort von Beijing fertiggestellt.Seither wird der Himmels-und Erdtempel als Himmelstempel bezeichnet.Jedes Jahr zur Zeit der Sommersonnenwende und der Wintersonnenwende begab sich der Kaiser zum Himmelstempel, wo großartige Opferzeremonien stattfanden.Der Himmelstempel ist von zwei Mauern--einer Innen-und einer Außenmauer-umgeben.Deswegen teilt sich der Himmelstempel in den Innen-und Außenteil.Der heute Himmelstempel genannte Teil ist tatsächlich der innere Tempel.Hier stehen der Huanqiutan(Himmelsaltar)im Süden und der Qigutan(Altar der Ernteopfer)im Norden.Die beiden Hauptwerke sind durch eine 360 m lange Terrasse, die als Danbiqiao(Brücke der Roten palaststufen)bezeichnet wird, verbunden.Der Huanqiutan war der platz, wo der Kaiser jedes Jahr zur Zeit der Wintersonnenwende dem Himmel opferte.Er wurde im Jahr 1530 fertiggestellt und im Jahr 1749 ausgebaut.Die Oberfläche des Himmelsaltars war in der Ming-Dynastie mit blauen glasierten Fliesen belegt.Während des Ausbaus in der Qing-Dynastie wurden die Fliesen durch Steine ersetzt.Der kreisförmige Huanqiutan symbolisiert den Himmel und besteht aus 3 Ebenen.Im Zentrum der obersten Ebene steht eine große kreisförmige Steinplatte, die als “Stein des Himmelsmittelpunkts” bezeichnet wird.Die Huangqiongyu(Halle des Himmelsgewölbes)liegt nördlich vom Huanqiutan und ist der Ort, wo die Gedenktafel “Oberster Herrscher des Himmels” aufbewahrt wurde.Außerhalb dieser Halle befinden sich 10 Seitenhallen.Die Haupthalle und die 10 Seitenhallen werden von einer kreisförmigen Mauer umgeben.Die Innenseite der Mauer wird als “Echomauer” bezeichnet, weil sich hier der Schall auf optimale Weise fortpflanzt.Die Echomauer wird von alters her als eines der “Wunder vom Himmelstempel” bezeichnet.Die Qiniandian(Halle der Ernteopfer)ist Haupthalle vom Qigutan, wurde im Jahr 1420 gebaut und ist ein dreistöckiges rundes Bauwerk.Sie war im Jahr 1889 abgebrannt und wurde 1890 wieder aufgebaut.Hier können Besucher die mit neun Drachen bemalte Decke der Halle, die die vier Jahreszeiten symbolisierenden Säulen mit bemalten Drachen und phönixen, die die 12 Monate symbolisierenden goldfarbigen Säulen und die die 12 Tageszeiten symbolisierenden roten Säulen sehen.Jährlich am 8.Tag des ersten Monats des chinesischen Mondkalenders ging der Kaiser in Begleitung seiner hohen Beamten zu dieser Halle, um eine reiche Getreideernte zu erflehen.Huangqiandian liegt nördlich der Qiniandian.Sie ist eine Halle, in der die Gedenktafel der “Gottheit des Himmels” aufbewahrt wurde.Sie wurde im Jahr 1420 erbaut und im Jahr 1545 umgebaut.In dieser Halle gibt es eine quadratische Steinplattform, auf der die Gedenktafel der “Gottheit des Himmels” steht.Der Zhaigong(Fastenpalast)war der Ort, wo die Kaiser ein Bad nahmen, drei Tage lang fasteten und übernachteten, bevor sie zum Himmel beteten.Er besteht aus der Haupthalle und der Schlafhalle.好范文 网www.xiexiebang.com整理该文章……

Außer den Hauptbauwerken wie Huanqiutan, Qigutan, Huangqiongyu, Qiniandian, Huangqiandian und Zhaigong verfügt der Himmelstempel noch über viele untergeordnete Bauwerke, die in der Umgegend der Hauptbauwerke liegen.Der Himmelstempel weist eine ins Detail konzipierte Gestaltung und harmonische Farbgebung auf.

第四篇：天坛景点介绍

• 景点介绍 • 亮点

• 1.世界上最大的祭天建筑群，徜徉其中，欣赏其建筑艺术的精巧奇特。• 2.观赏中国祭天礼仪，感受古代帝王祭天的庄严宏大场面。•

• 天坛位于北京正阳门东南方向，为明、清两朝皇帝祭天、求雨和祈祷丰年的专用祭坛，是世界上现存规模最大、最完美的古代祭天建筑群。坛域北呈圆形，南为方形，寓意“天圆地方”。四周环筑坛墙两道，把整个天坛分为内坛、外坛两部分，祈年殿、回音壁等耳熟能详的建筑都位于内坛。•

• 内坛以宫墙分为南北两部分，北部为“祈谷坛”，是皇帝在春季举行祈谷大典的场所，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登，主要建筑有祈年殿、皇乾殿、东西配殿、祈年门、神厨、宰牲亭、七十二长廊等。南部为“圜丘坛”，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，为皇帝冬至日祭天的地方，主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇及配殿、神厨、三库及宰牲亭等。连接两坛的是一条长360米、宽28米、高2.5米的砖石台，称为“神道”，又称“海墁大道”，也叫“丹陛桥”，寓意着上天庭要经过的漫长道路。•

• 游玩天坛，除了观赏各殿堂的精巧建筑、追寻古代帝王祭天的宏大场面外，回音壁、三音石等奇巧的设计也一样令人慨叹古人的智慧。在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上，由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍的情况下，站立于第一块石板上击掌，可听到回音一声；于第二块石板上击掌，可听到回音两声；于第三块石板上击掌，可听到回音三声。•

• 单纯的参观，可能对古代帝王祭天仪式总是没有具体的概念。不要紧，设在祈年殿西配殿的祭天礼仪馆里详细介绍了中国祭天礼仪的演变过程，重点展示了清代祭天大典的礼仪情况，包括各种祭天礼器和祭天程序等，其中《清乾隆十三年大驾卤簿图》第一次展现了中国皇家最高仪仗的风貌，尤为精彩不可错过。而设在祈年殿东配殿的祭天乐舞馆则以编钟、编磬等清代中和韶乐的乐器实物，结合文字和图片，全面介绍了中和韶乐的历史沿革、乐舞制度、管理机构及祈谷大典时的演乐场面，使游人对祭天乐舞有直观和全面的了解。•

• 景点导览

• 天坛游览路线相对简单，一般可遵循南门进北门（或东门）出的方式。• 南门-圜丘-皇穹宇-丹陛桥-斋宫-神乐署-祈年殿-皇乾殿-长廊-北门（东门）•

• 天坛主要景点

• 圜丘又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台，是一座露天的三层圆形石坛，艾叶青石台面，汉白玉围栏。圜丘形圆如天，高三层，上层中心为一块圆石，外铺扇面形石块九圈，内圈九块，以九的倍数依次向外延展，栏板、望柱也都用九或九的倍数，象征“天”数。圜丘坛外有两重围墙，内圆外方，四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台，东南角有燔柴炉、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。•

• 皇穹宇位于圜丘坛北面，坐北朝南，主要建筑有皇穹宇主殿和东西配殿，是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭，坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上，周围均设石护栏。•

• 祈年殿是整个天坛的重心，是一座鎏金宝顶的三重檐圆形大殿，直径32米，高38米，殿檐用蓝色琉璃瓦铺成，象征碧蓝的天空。主体由28根楠木大柱支撑，环转排列。中间4根高19.2米、直径1.2米，称为龙井柱，象征一年四季，支撑上层屋檐；中间12根略细，称为金柱，象征一年十二个月，支撑第二层屋檐；外围12根称檐柱，象征一天的十二个时辰，支撑第三层屋檐。各个柱子描金彩绘，殿顶天花板为精致的“九龙藻井”图案，金碧辉煌。•

• 斋宫是皇帝举行祭天大典前进行斋戒的场所，位于祈年殿西南部，分内外两重。外层主要兼有防卫设施和钟楼，内层分前、中、后三部分。前部为正殿，后部是皇帝的寝宫，中部是太监的值守房。•

• 神乐署位于天坛西外坛，为明清时期演习祭祀礼乐的场所，曾被誉为明清两朝最高的礼乐学府。现在神乐署中常有古乐器演出，具体时间请查询官网新津旅游攻略 • 东方旅游攻略

第五篇：北京六大景点英文导游词之天坛

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specfic rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9.But why? According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference ,while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace, while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood ,musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close ,the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end ,the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.It is interesting to note that ,the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ,since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone ,which is known as the God`s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate)(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing ,beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in china today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd, a former British foreigh secretary ,once said , ¡°God attends to His affairs on the Cir4cular Mound Altar but stays here.¡± Now let` s go in to to see it(Go through the left side door)(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ,and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ,the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance..The ramp is carved in ¡°Two dragons Playing with a pearl ¡± design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ,or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal.Atop it ,up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon ,constellation, cloud ,rain, wind and thunder.(Echo Wall and Triple ¨Csound Stones)Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i.E.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ,solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once;on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward)(Nine-Dragon Cypress)the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.(On the Red Stairway Bridge)entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare , which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east ,which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough ,there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or CostumeChanging Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service, the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls ,the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building ,38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky.Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace.At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall ,a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel ,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters.The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four season.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ,including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ,helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began,207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouse.Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall ,It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well ,that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.