全新版大学英语(第二版)听说教程3英语听力 原文总结

第一篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)听说教程3英语听力 原文总结

Unit 1

Parents Part B exercise1短文 三题

P4

After 22 years of marriage,I have discovered the secret to keep love alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy.I started dating with another woman.It was Peggy's idea.One day she said to me,“Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love.You probably won't believe me,but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer.” The “other” woman my wife was encouraging me to date is my mother,a 72-year-old widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago.Right after his death , I moved 2,500 miles away to California and started my own life and career.When I moved back near my hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with mom.But with the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays.Mom was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.“What's wrong?” she asked.“I thought it would be nice to spend some time with you,” I said.“Just the two of us.” “I would like that a lot,” she said.When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on.Her hair was curled, and she was smiling.“I told my lady friends I was going out with my son, and they were all impressed.They can't wait to hear about our evening,” Mother said.Passage 2 Dating with My Mother(Part Two)短文 3题

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P6 We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk.Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.“I used to be the reader when you were little,” she said.“Then it is time for you to relax and let me return the favor,” I said.We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up on each other's lives.We talked for so long that we missed the movie.“I'll go out with you again,” my mother said as I dropped her off, “but only if you let me buy dinner next time.” I agreed.“How was your date?” my wife asked when I got home that evening.“Nice … nicer than I thought it would be,” I said.Mom and I get out for dinner a couple of times a month.Sometimes we take in a movie, but mostly we talk.I tell her about my trails at work and brag about the kids and Peggy.Mom fills me in on family gossip and tells me about her past.Now I know what it was like for her to work in a factory during the Second World War.I know how she met my father there, and know how they went through the difficult times.I can't get enough of these stories.They are important to me, a part of my history.We also talk about the future.Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days ahead.Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down.Peggy was right.Dating another woman has helped my marriage.Part C短对话？

P8 1.W: You know, many American parents are now wondering why they can't keep their teenage children from drinking.M: I know.To my mind, it's the permissive attitude of the parents that is to blame.Q: What can you learn from the man's response? 2.M: Don't you think it's good to give our children a monthly allowance? W: I think so.It can teach them the value of money.With a monthly allowance they can learn to budget their expenses wisely.Q: What are they talking about? 3.M: Mom, I've got a part-time job at a supermarket.Three hours a day weekdays and all day Saturday.W: Congratulations, Tom.But are you sure you can handle it? What about your homework and your piano lessons? Q: How does the mother feel about Tom's part-time job at the supermarket? 4.M: Hey, Mary, you look so upset.What happened? W: My father had an accident the other day.He is now in hospital and will have an operation tomorrow.You see, his heart is rather weak.I really don't know whether he can survive it.Q: What's the woman worried about? 5.W: Mother's Day is coming soon.Could you tell me what sons and daughters do in your country on that day? M: Well, they send their mothers flowers and cards to celebrate the occasion.Besides, it is a common practice for them to wear pink carnations on that day.Q: Which of the following is true of the customs of Mother's Day in the man's country? Unit 2 Coincidence Part BExercise 1 短文4题

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P12

Andrew had always wanted to be a doctor.But the tuition for a medical school in 1984 was 15,000 dollars a year, which was more than his family could afford.To help him realize his dream, his father, Mr.Stewart, a real estate agent, began searching the house-for-sale ads in newspapers in order to find extra business.One advertisement that he noted down was for the sale of a house in a nearby town.Mr.Stewart called the owner, trying to persuade him to let him be his agent.Somehow he succeeded and the owner promised that he would come to him if he failed to get a good deal with his present agent.Then they made an appointment to meet and discuss the thing.As good things are never easy to acquire, the time for the appointment had to be changed almost ten times.On the day when they were supposed to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr.Stewart received another call from the owner.His heart sank as he feared there would be another change of time.And so it was.The owner told him that he couldn't make it at three but if he would come right then, they could talk it over.Mr.Stewart was overjoyed.Leaving everything aside, he immediately set out to drive to the house.As he approached the area, he had a strange feeling of having been there before.The streets, the trees, the neighborhood, all looked familiar to him.And when he finally reached the house, something clicked in his mind.It used to be the house of his father-in-law!The old man had died fifteen years ago but when he was alive, he had often visited him with his wife and children.He remembered that, like his son Andrew, his father-in-law had also wanted to study medicine and, failing to do so, had always hoped that one of his two daughters or his grandchildren could someday become a doctor.Part C 复合式听写

P18 One of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F.Kennedy.Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives;both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson;both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice.Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy;Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln.Lincoln was killed in the Ford Theater;Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company — and so on.Similar coincidences often occur between twins.A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles.According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth.Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota.They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other.They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers.Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise;Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise.In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine.Both had a cat called Tiger.They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.How can we explain the above similarities? Unit 3

Courage Part B Krimali(Part One)短文2题

P22 On the morning of the devastating earthquake that struck India in 2001,Krimali, a girl of 17, had just left home to go to an interview for a position of a sales clerk.She was pleased with her green and yellow flowered dress, but felt something wasn't quite right about her hair.She returned home, removing her shoes and leaving them at the door.Moments later, the earthquake struck.Ceilings and walls in the building shook in the deafening noise.Then everything began crashing down.Krimali and her immediate family escaped serious injury but were unable to make their way out.The ceiling of an entire room towered above the only possible escape route.Completely detached on three sides, the huge slab clung to an outside wall on its fourth side.To an observer, it could drop at any moment.People were screaming and didn't know what to do.Krimali decided to act.Carefully she climbed barefoot up and down the debris until she reached a point just beneath the swaying ceiling.About four meters below were uneven pieces of concrete, broken glass and smashed furniture, all mixed with sharp spikes of iron.She knew if she could manage to get down to the ground level, she could make her way to safety.She paused to figure out the best way down.As there wasn't any good place to jump, she just jumped.Luckily, she landed in a crouch, her feet missing any sharp edges.Emboldened by her good fortune, Krimali knew it was up to her to persuade others to follow.Passage 2 Krimali(Part Two)短文2题

P24 Krimali planned to rescue her family first, but just then she heard a woman from two storeys above screaming for someone to save her two-month-old baby.“Throw the baby to me,” Krimali shouted.“I can catch her!” The woman refused.Krimali told the woman to wrap the baby in bed sheets and then toss her down.Crying uncontrollably, the mother wrapped the little girl but still would not part with her baby.As the mother tried to decide what to do, Krimali intently watched the concrete ceiling hanging above her.Finally the mother tossed the baby.Krimali made a clean catch.A bright smile lit up the woman's face.“I'll be back!” Krimali called out, hugging the child to her as she hurriedly picked her way out to where survivors had gathered.She gave up the baby, then asked if any of the men there would come back with her to help others trapped in the building.No one came forward, for they were all afraid of that swaying ceiling.But for Krimali, a small girl of 154 centimeters in height and weighing about 50 kilos, her fears had been lifted by what she had accomplished.On her way back into the ruins, she saw part of a large door.It was extremely heavy but she managed to drag it to the spot just below the hanging ceiling.By placing it on the ruins, she created something like a sliding board.With Krimali coaching her, the baby's mother partly jumped and partly rolled down the board to the ground level.Krimali led her through the debris to her baby.In the hours that followed Krimali made countless rescue missions into the building, each time in the shadow of the huge ceiling.Thanks to her courage, about two dozen men, women and children were saved.Part C 短文4题 真

P26 When the first plane slammed into the World Trade Center's north tower, I was already at my desk on the 88th floor.Then I felt the whole building bouncing, shaking.My instinct told me that there was an explosion above us and that we should try to get out, but the corridors were full of flames.Knowing that the furniture and the carpets were fire-resistant, I figured that everything wasn't going to burn.Then I heard someone yell that the stairwells were gone.So about 40 of us escaped into a corner office.We put papers and rags under the door to keep out the smoke as best we could.We stayed calmly in the office for about 10 minutes, thinking we were safe and secure.Then someone came in to tell us that he had found a stairwell open but we had to move fast.We all filed out orderly and headed for the stairwell.Going down the stairs was not easy for me for I had lost a leg to cancer when I was 16 and wore an artificial limb.More or less, I used my arms to get down.When we reached the 40th floor, we came to a complete stop.There was a jam of people.The firemen were coming up the stairs, carrying their equipment.Some 100 firefighters must have walked past us.Some of them looked so young that they seemed hardly out of high school.But they were great, assuring us that they would take care of everything.Eventually we kept moving and got out.The journey down took about 40 minutes.Unit 4

Marriage Part B Exercise 1短文3题

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P30(Tom and Linda have signed a marriage agreement.Both agree not to break the rules outlined in the agreement.John, a reporter, is talking to them about the agreement.)John: Tom, Linda, first I'd like to ask you why you decided to write this unusual agreement.Tom: We found that many problems are caused when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse.We wanted to talk about everything openly and honestly before we started living together.Linda: Also we both know how important it is to respect each other's pet peeves.Like, I can get very annoyed if others leave stuff — clothing, papers, everything!— lying around on the floor.It really bugged me, so we put that in the agreement.John: This is mentioned in Article 1: Cleaning Up, isn't it? It says, “Nothing will be left on the floor overnight.Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed.” Tom: Then I'll know clearly what Linda's expectations are.John: I see.What about Article 2: Sleeping? It says, “We will go to bed at 11 p.m.and get up at 6:30 a.m.except on weekends.” I'm sure some people hearing this will think that this agreement isn't very romantic.Tom: Well, we disagree.We think it's very romantic.This agreement shows that we sat down and talked, and really tried to understand the other person.A lot of problems occur in a marriage when people don't talk about what they want.Linda: That's right.When we disagreed about something, we worked out a solution that was good for both of us.I would much rather have Tom really listen to me and understand my needs than give me a bunch of flowers or a box of candy.Conversation 2 A Marriage Agreement(Part Two)长对话3题 句子填空P32 John: Linda, do you spend a lot of time checking to see if the other person is following the rules? Arguing? Linda: No, not at all.Tom: A lot of couples argue because they don't understand each other's expectations.I think we spend less time arguing than most couples because we both know what the other person expects.John: What happens if one of you breaks a rule? Tom: Well, that's in Article 13 of our agreement.John: Is it? Oh yes, Article 13: Breaking Rules.“If you break a rule, you must apologize and do something nice for the other person to make it up.” Linda: Yeah, like last time Tom broke the rule of driving.John: What's the rule? Linda: The rule is we must ask for directions if we are driving and get lost for more than five minutes.John: What happened? Tom: We were driving to a friend's wedding, and we got lost.Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask for directions, but I thought I could figure it out.Linda: Then we drove forty miles in the wrong direction and ended up being late for the wedding.Tom: So I took her out to dinner.I knew what I should do to apologize.John: That's very important, I think, knowing how to apologize.By the way, do you plan to update your agreement at all? What if things change in your life and a rule doesn't work anymore? Linda: We've thought about that too.Article 14 states that we must review this agreement once a year and make necessary changes.John: Well, it was really nice talking to you both.Thank you very much for your time.Tom & Linda: Thank you.Part c Test Your Listening 长对话3题 真

P36 M: Ah, come in, Barbara.Take a seat.How have things been? W: Oh, much the same.I still seem to have quarrels with my husband all the time.M: What do you quarrel about? W: Oh, everything.You see, he never thinks of my feelings.M: Go on.W: Well, I'll give you an example.You know, when the children started school, I wanted to go back to work again, too.So I got a job.Well anyway, by the time I've collected Gary and Lucy from school, I only get home about half an hour before he comes back...M: Yes? W: Well, when he gets home, he expects me to run around and get his tea.He never does anything in the house.M: Mm.W: And last Friday he invited three of his friends to come around for a drink.He didn't tell me to expect them, and I'd had a long and difficult day.I don't think that's right, do you? M: Well, I'm not here to pass judgment.I'm here to listen.W: Sorry.And he's so untidy.He's worse than the kids.I always have to remind him to pick up his clothes.He just throws his clothes on the floor.After all, I'm not his servant.I've got my own career.Actually, I think that's part of the trouble.You see I earn as much money as he does.Unit 5 Part BExercise 1 短文2题 表格填空 P40 While reading a magazine, Ashley, a sixteen-year-old girl, came across an article which said that antibiotics and other drugs were discovered in European rivers and tap water.This led her to think that such drugs might also be present in the waters near her home in West Virginia.Ashley feared that antibiotics in the waters could lead to resistant bacteria, or supergerms.They can kill countless people.She began testing her area's river — the Ohio.With a simple device she herself had designed, she collected 350 water samples from the Ohio over ten weeks.She taught herself to analyze the samples by reading scientific journals.It was one of the most scientifically sound projects for someone her age.Her experiment was one of the first of its kind in the United States.It showed that low levels of three antibiotics are indeed present in local waters.Ashley's study won the International Stockholm Junior Water Prize, a virtual Nobel Prize for teenagers.She won a $5,000 scholarship and was received by Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria.Her interest in science came from walks in the woods with her mother.But it was the day-to-day stuff — how water comes to the tap, how rain sticks to glass, that most fascinated her.“Science is not a dead thing,” she says.“It's happening all around us.” By the sixth grade, she was winning at science fairs.She has received $70,000 in prize money, which she has put aside for college.She plans to attend Harvard University.“I want to make my own discoveries, and not just read about what others have done,” she said.Her teachers predict that she will one day win a Nobel Prize.Passage 2

Young People Say No to Smoking 单词句子填空 长对话短文5题P42 On February 16, 2001, the teenagers from a youth group called REBEL launched their advertising campaign at the Liberty Science Center in New Jersey.They worked on various aspects of the campaign and even appeared in the “Not for Sale” commercial on television and the radio against tobacco companies.REBEL stands for Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies.It is a statewide youth initiative which fights against tobacco companies.The movement began in November last year.It carries the message that teenagers no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements.The group realized that one of the biggest problems that teenagers face is peer pressure on them to smoke or do drugs.Therefore, the group is working hard to ensure that their message reaches all teenagers at New Jersey schools.When the group was first formed, there were only five members, all eighth grade students.But by this summer the group had grown to close to 90 members.At a recent recruiting party, a pizza and pool party, at the West New York swimming pool, more than 50 new members were attracted to the group.“We don't think that too many people would be interested,” said Jackie, one of its founding members.“But everyone knows our message.They know who we are now.” Part C 长对话4题P44 Roger: Hi, Jenny, you don't look happy.What's wrong? Jenny: Well, Roger, I've got a problem.Roger: What is it? Jenny: You know my daughter Linda is 16 years old now.And we've begun talking about college.She says she wants to go, but she's let her grades slip and no matter how I urge her to study, all she seems interested in are clothes and boys.We're not wealthy, you know.And it won't be easy for us to afford the tuition if she can't get a scholarship.That seems to be my biggest worry now.But, Roger, is going to college the best choice for her right now? Roger: Do you mean that she doesn't seem ready for college? Jenny: You're right.Roger: Then you'd better have a serious talk with Linda about college.Jenny: A serious talk with her? Roger: Yes.I think it's quite normal for girls her age to be wrapped up in fashion and dating, but as a mother you have a right to expect her to pay attention to her studies too.Jenny: Yes, but how? Roger: Ask her how serious she is about college and how hard she's willing to work for it.Linda may be more committed than you realize.But if not, tell her she should think about putting college off for a while.That could give her the push she needs to take her education seriously.Jenny: Sounds like a good idea.Roger: And if you decide she should wait, she can get a job, take classes at a community college or do an internship to get experience.She may be just one of those who need to see a bit of real life before they settle down.Unit 6 Stress Part B Exercise 1 长对话3题 单词填空P48 Interviewer: Welcome to our program, Sam.Sam: Thank you.Interviewer: Sam, how long have you been a police officer? Sam: I've been a police officer for thirty years.Interviewer: Thirty years.And you've had different types of assignments on the police force, I guess.Sam: Yeah, I've done everything from patrol to undercover work to detective work, and now I'm supervising investigations.Interviewer: Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job.Would you agree? Sam: Yes, it's definitely a stressful job.But it depends on your assignment.Interviewer: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have? Sam: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment.Interviewer: That's interesting!In what way? Sam: Well, I guess the biggest part of the stress is the fear factor — the fear of the unknown.Interviewer: What do you mean, Sam? Sam: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to moment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be to justify your presence.Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation.It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation.Interviewer: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation.Sam: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop.Interviewer: Really? Sam: Really!That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings.People back over policemen, people shoot policemen, people jump out at policemen — different kinds of things.So that's probably the most stressful time.Interviewer: I see.Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic.Sam: All right.Conversation 2 Stress Reducers Exercise 1 句子填空P50 Write “T” for a true statement and “F” for a false one.Interviewer: Sam, you've talked about the police officers' stressful time.Now let's move on to the next topic.So far as I know, there's a connection between stress and illness.Do you think that there's a higher percentage of illness among police officers than in the general population? I mean, do they get more colds or anything? Is this really true? Sam: Yes, it is, and the stress level not only manifests itself in daily health — whether or not you're feeling well on any given day.It also manifests itself in things like ulcers, heart disease — police officers tend to have a higher rate of heart disease and ulcers than people in other professions.Interviewer: Really? That's documented? Sam: Yes, it's documented.And also the divorce rate among police officers is much higher.Interviewer: Is there something that the police department does to help you deal with this stress? Sam: Yes, there are several programs that most police departments have in place.One is an exercise program where some part of your day is spent on some type of physical exercise.They've found that's a great stress reducer.Besides, there's also a psychological program with counseling for officers to help them reduce their stress.And there are several discussion groups as well.They've found that sometimes just sitting around and talking about the stress with other officers helps to reduce it.So, those things are available.Interviewer: And what do you do, personally, to deal with the stress of your job, Sam? Sam: Well, during the baseball season, I'm the biggest baseball fanatic, and I will either be reading about baseball, or listening to baseball, or watching baseball.Another thing I try to do is to get some sort of exercise every day.And then I work hard at keeping up my personal relationships, especially my relationship with my wife.Fortunately I get along very well with my wife.When I come back home, I can talk about my day with her, and then just forget about it.Part C 短对话？

P53 1.M: You look so nervous, Rose.Are you all right? W: Frankly speaking, I'm on pins and needles.I have to give a presentation to a group of important visitors this afternoon.Q: Why does Rose feel nervous? 2.M: You look so upset, Sue.What's worrying you? W: My son Jack made me extremely unhappy.He seems to be playing video games all the time.Whenever I talk to him he turns a deaf ear to me.Q: What's the woman's problem? 3.W: David, you don't look happy.Anything wrong? M: Well, you know, my mother died three years ago.And since then my father has lived in an apartment on his own and has very few friends.Q: What is David worrying about? 4.W: Michael, I don't know what has happened to Mother.Her memory seems to be going.I have to remind her of almost everything.M: Don't worry, Mary.She's just getting old.Q: What do you know about Mary? 5.W: I'm worried about sending my son Peter to college.You see, nowadays many college students behave rather strangely.They don't seem to be interested in their studies.M: Just a few.Most students still concentrate on their studies.Q: What can you infer from the man's response? Unit 7 The Business World Part B

Exercise 1 长对话5题

P59 Kenneth: Hello, my name is Kenneth Johnson.I have an appointment with Mr.Andrew Song.Laura: Oh hello, Mr.Johnson, I'm Laura Lee.We've spoken on the phone a couple of times.Nice to meet you.Kenneth: It's nice to be here.Laura: Oh — let me take your coat.Kenneth: Thanks.Laura: Let me get you a drink, Mr.Johnson.Kenneth: Yes, I'd like a cup of tea, if possible, thanks.Laura: Sure.With milk or lemon? Kenneth: With lemon, please — and sugar.Two spoons.Laura: Right.Laura: Did you have a good trip? Kenneth: Absolutely, no problems.Laura: That's good.You flew, didn't you? Kenneth: Yes, that's right, and then I took a taxi down here from the airport.Laura: Oh, that's good.Kunming can be a little wet at this time of year...you'll have to come back in summer.Kenneth: Oh, I'd like that.I always like coming to China.Miss Lee, I wonder if I could send a fax from here.It's rather urgent.Laura: Yes, of course.Shall I show you to the machine or shall I take it? Kenneth: Oh, it would be better if you could take it — here's the number.Laura: Fine.Would you like a newspaper to read — or The Economist? Kenneth: No, it's okay — I can prepare some work while I'm waiting.Laura: Right, I'll get this off for you.Kenneth: Thanks.Oh — one other thing.I need to send some flowers to my wife.Today is the fifth anniversary of our marriage.I think some flowers from your beautiful city would be rather appropriate, don't you? Laura: Oh, sure!Right, I'll get you a number of a florist.I expect you'll want to send a special message with the flowers.Kenneth: Yes, I'll think of one.Laura: Oh, here's Mr.Song.Andrew, this is Mr.Johnson.He's just arrived.Andrew: Hello, Mr.Johnson.Pleased to meet you and welcome here.Kenneth: Thanks.Andrew: Now shall we go inside and let me explain the program to you? Kenneth: Sure.Andrew: I think we've sent you an outline for the day — if you agree, we could start with a video which explains some of our services and then we could have a look at a few reports on campaigns.Kenneth: That'll be good.Conversation 2 At a Business Meeting Exercise 1 长对话2题 P60 Chairman: Okay, I think we should start now.It's ten o'clock.Voices: Okay / Right / Yeah.Chairman: Well, we're here today to look at some of the reasons for the decline in profits which has affected this subsidiary.You've all seen the agenda.I'd like to ask if anyone has any comments on it before we start.Voices: No / It's fine / No.Chairman: Right, well, can I ask Sam Canning, Chief Sales Executive, to open up with his remarks? Sam: Thank you, Bernard.Well, I think we have to face up to several realities and what I have to say is in three parts and will take about twenty minutes.Chairman: Er, Sam? we don't have much time — it's really your main points we're most interested in.Jane: Yes.Can I ask one thing, Mr.Chairman? Isn't this a global problem in our market? Chairman: Sorry, Jane, I can't allow us to consider that question just yet.We'll look at the global question later.Sam, sorry, please carry on.Sam: Well, the three points I want to make can be made in three sentences.First, sales are down, but only by 5% more than for the group as a whole.Secondly, our budget for sales has been kept static — it hasn't increased, not even with inflation, so we're trying to do better than last year on less money.Thirdly — Jane: That's not exactly true...Chairman: Jane, please.Let Sam finish.Sam: Thirdly, the products are getting old — we need a new generation.Chairman: So let me summarize that.You say that sales are down but not by so much, that you've had less money to promote sales and that the products are old.Is that right? Sam: In a nutshell.Chairman: Does anyone have anything to add to that? Jane: Well, on the question of funding I have to disagree...Part C 短文4题 P62 This year our company as a whole has performed well — especially in America, our largest export market.As we see, on the financial front the results have been very pleasing.Costs have dropped by 3% and profits are up by 16%.However, the domestic consumer market has been very competitive and will continue to be so.I can say our results in this market have been rather disappointing — just 1% up compared with last year.Now let's move on to personnel.Our policy of personnel development through training and promotion opportunities has continued to be a great success.We have actually recruited 72 new staff, while 20 have retired — so there is a net balance of 52.The training department has expanded considerably and moved into new areas such as quality assurance and sales training.Finally technology.I think you would be interested to have an update since this is vital for our future growth.Over the last year, our research department has thoroughly tested a new prototype engine.Results so far have looked promising.We have also invested heavily in a European technology program which links industry with the universities.So, those are the three main areas — finance, personnel and technology.Are there any questions before I go on? Unit 8 The Environment Part B Exercise 1 短文3题

表格填空 P66 Every day people in Hong Kong get rid of 15 million plastic bags.They weigh about 600 tons.This is not including the tens of thousands of plastic bags people dump at the beaches and in local waters, which have caused serious pollution.These bags cost taxpayers over $70 million a year to deal with.Some of the bags are destroyed by burning.The problem with this is that, when they break down, they release poisonous chemicals, which can cause cancer.The chemical poisons penetrate into the earth.In order to attract the public's attention to the problem of plastic bags and to reduce the number of bags used at the same time, the Retail Management Association launched the Use Fewer Bags Campaign.In the first stage of the campaign, 1,500 retail stores aimed to reduce the number of plastic bags given away to customers by 10 per cent.This has been achieved.The second stage of campaign will focus on the number of plastic bags given away in markets.“Ideally, people going to buy food in the markets should carry their own reusable bags, such as canvas bags, that can be washed,” said a campaign coordinator.She stressed that the campaign had two objectives.Besides reducing the number of plastic bags used, she hoped that the campaign would increase the public's overall awareness of environmental problems.Passage 2 The Rhine River Exercise 1 短文3题 句子填空 P68 The River Rhine is Western Europe's most important waterway.Rising in the Alps, it passes through Switzerland, Germany, France and Holland, before flowing into the North Sea.But for decades, industrial and domestic waste flowed untreated into the river and, not surprisingly, the Rhine was seriously polluted from the 1950s to the 1970s.Fish disappeared and it was dangerous to swim in it.Then in 1986 a fire at a chemical plant in Basel, Switzerland, caused tons of pesticides to leak into the river.Thousands of fish died.That was a wake-up call for the countries along the Rhine.They realized that they really had to get together and clean it up and keep it clean.Otherwise it could be the death of the Rhine.Switzerland, Germany and France now work together in Basel to keep the river clean.At various points, water is extracted and checked every six minutes, twenty-four hours a day.And industries that pollute the river can be traced and fined.Thanks to international cooperation, the river is on the path to recovery.At Basel, in the evening summer sun, the river has a festive atmosphere.People walk leisurely along the river banks, listening to live music, and pause for a drink in one of the many open-air cafes.On the vast river itself, boats from Germany sail slowly past the old town of the city, towards the more modern structures of the chemical industries.Partc 短文4题

P72 For a cleaner environment it's necessary for us to keep in mind the three Rs.They are: reduce, reuse, and recycle.Reducing is the best way to protect the environment.However, if you can't reduce something, reuse it.And if you can't reuse it, you can recycle it.Reducing waste means shopping with the environment in mind.Consider the environmental impact of each product before you buy it.Remember to make a list of what you need before you go shopping;this will reduce impulse buying.Buy in bulk, which means buying in large quantities and not packed.It's much cheaper and eliminates small containers and excess packaging.Avoid buying things that can't be recycled.Second, learning to reuse is easy after you make a little practice.For example, you can reuse shopping bags.Buy canvas bags and use them when you shop.Buy durable, high-quality goods for a longer life.Although durable goods may cost a little more at first,they will save you money and help save the environment in the long run.Before throwing anything away, think about how each item can be reused.The last of the three Rs that we must keep in mind is recycling.Recycling means collecting, processing, marketing,and ultimately reusing materials that were once thrown away.Check the yellow pages orthe Internet to find information about local recycling programs in your community.Questions 1.What does the passage mainly discuss? 2.What should we do to reduce waste when we go shopping? 3.Why should we buy durable goods according to the passage? 4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

Unit 9 The Single Currency Part B Listening Tasks Passage 1 Exercise 1 短文3题 单词填空 P77 As firework displays ushered in the euro from Paris to Athens, Rome to Madrid, curiosity drove Europeans to cash machines at midnight December 31, 2001 for the first look at the brightly colored new notes.More than 300 million Europeans began changing their old currencies for the euro in the most ambitious currency changeover in history.To prepare for the large demand, banks across the euro zone disabled 200,000 ATMs in the afternoon, changing software and loading them with euro notes.Altogether 15 billion banknotes and 52 billion coins — worth 646 billion euros, or $568 billion — have been produced for the switchover.Knowing how people can be attached to their national currencies, architects of the euro expressed hope that it will help realize dreams of a united Europe.Across the continent, officials welcomed the euro as a sign of economic stability — a new symbol to bind 12 nations on a continent at the heart of two world wars.“We will become a greater Europe with the euro,” EU Commission President said in Vienna, shortly after he used the new currency to buy flowers for his wife.“We shall become stronger, wealthier.” His view was shared by Helmut Kohl, the former German chancellor, who with the late French leader Francois Mitterr had championed the single currency to bring peace and security to Europe.Kohl wrote in a newspaper, “A vision is becoming a reality.For me, the common currency in Europe fulfills a dream.It means there is no turning back from the path toward unification of our continent.” The original nations that adopted the euro were: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.Those staying out are Britain, Sweden and Denmark.Passage 2 Exercise 1 短文3题

Buckingham Palace and other royal residences open to the public do not accept euros at their gift shops and entry turnstiles.The new currency was launched in 12 European Union countries on January lst, 2002, but Britain was not one of them.A Buckingham Palace spokeswoman said the decision not to accept the euro was purely a business one and not a political statement.The retail outlets at the official residences have never accepted any other currencies.It is simply because as very small retail outlets, they don't have the facilities for changing currencies.However, many retail outlets in Britain have prepared to accept the new currency since millions of tourists are expected to visit the country every year.In 2002 alone, visitors from the euro zone were estimated to spend more than 6.55 billion euros in Britain.Major department stores Debenhams and Marks & Spencer and a big electronics retailer accept euros, but only on a limited basis initially.Twenty-nine of Marks & Spencer stores, primarily those in tourist locations, have at least one cash register on each floor to process euro transactions.Its other stores have at least one designated area — either a register or a customer service desk — where the currency is accepted.Products are not priced in euros, however, and change is given in British money.The British Prime Minister Tony Blair said Britain will only join the single currency if economic conditions are right.A series of recent opinion polls show many Britons oppose the euro and see it as against Britain's sovereignty.Part C 复合式听写

For a century much attached to national symbols, France took the imminent death of the franc calmly.It was as if an ancient great-great uncle were about to pass away: a time for nostalgia and regret, rather than grief.Unlike the German mark, the franc had never been a symbol of national rebirth or glory.Its recent history was relatively stable but it had to be revalued as recently as 1960.In the 1950s, its value and reputation were so weak that French politicians considered abolishing it and replacing it with something else, based on the value of the pound.But money is money after all.It is with us every day.It was surprising that such a conservative people did not express greater sorrow for the loss of their familiar francs.It was also surprising they did not feel a greater sense of aesthetic loss for the franc had always been one of the world's most beautiful currencies.The name franc was first used in 1360, to celebrate and help to pay for the release of the King of France, King Jean II, who was captured by the still poundless English.He created the “franc” or “free” to celebrate the occasion.Over the next 400 years the name came and went but was finally restored by the Revolution in 1795.On February 17th, 2002, the French franc disappeared completely from the financial scene.Unit 10 partB exercise1 短文2题 P84

In the golden fields of Kansas, corn is growing very well.Britain's biggest cinema success is under production.Although there are no stars, no special effects, no publicity, it is still guaranteed to make more money than all but the biggest hit movies.What is it? Popcorn.Last year, cinema popcorn sales in the UK and Ireland made £20 million plus, way ahead of most films.Only a handful of extremely successful movies could beat it.If it were not for popcorn, soft drinks and ice cream, British cinema would be as dead as the music hall.A recent survey found that every single screen in the country needed another source of income just to keep operating.Perhaps three or four films a year make money at the box office.The other films just help cinemas tick over, and pull in people to buy popcorn and sweets.Even when a cinema is showing a must-see film, the operator is working on paper-thin profits.He must fill every seat to cover the film company's costs.Film distributors regularly demand half the money taken at the box office;with big films they can charge between 69 percent and 89 percent of the takings.Cinemas still have to pay staff and running costs out of what's left.This is where popcorn and sweets come into the picture.A large carton of popcorn from a supermarket costs only a little over 90p.Cinemagoers, however, can pay up to £4 for one large helping.At one very expensive cinema in London's West End, for example, a carton costs £3.95.Eating popcorn while watching a movie is said to be a real pleasure.The difference between buying popcorn at a cinema and a supermarket is just like that between buying wine in a restaurant and at an ordinary shop.It costs twice as much or more.Passage2 exercise1 短文3题 P86 Hollywood's true heroes are losing their jobs.Stuntmen and stuntwomen who entertained cinemagoers by falling from the sky, swimming with sharks and driving fast cars have been replaced by technology.After surviving generations of street fights, high falls, and setting fire to themselves, the people behind top actors' most exciting scenes have had nearly all their work substituted by computers.The most dangerous and costly stunts can now be achieved by mixing computer graphics with live action.In the mid-1990s there were 12,000 registered stunt people, but more than half of them had difficulty finding work.Sometimes, six or seven teams would be working on a film.Then, after a few days, the producers would come in and say, “You can go home.”

The reason was simple: cost.Computer technology made it possible to create stunts which would either be too expensive or too dangerous to attempt.One example was in “Mission Impossible”, starring Tom Cruise.In a scene Cruise was seen flying from an exploding helicopter onto the back of a speeding train.In fact, the image of the actor was simply added onto the scene using computers.With the rise of digital technology, insurance companies became more reluctant to cover real stunts.“If they know it can be done safely with visual effects, the companies will not insure real stunts,” said a veteran stunt coordinator.Many in the industry believe stunt people should develop expertise in the new technology, acting as advisers on the virtual stunts.Some, however, think that stunt people can survive in their traditional careers.They believe that audiences won't accept stunts produced by computers for too long.Part C Test Your Listening 长对话4题

P90 M: What do you think of the movie we saw last night, Cathy? W: Well, to tell you the truth, I couldn't say I like it.I hate the violence.M: But actually I didn't realize there would be so much violence.Despite everything, though, the story is good, don't you think? W: Yes, the story is quite interesting and it is well written.And I must admit that the acting is superb.M: You said it.Everyone in the movie plays a convincing role.W: What I enjoyed most, though, was the scenery.Those shots of the Alps are really wonderful.M: I guess they were nice, but I was so much interested in the story that I didn't notice the scenery.I'm crazy about an exciting film even if it is violent.W: I don't mind suspense, but I really don't see the need to show all the blood and violence in the movie.It simply offends me.M: But that's life, Cathy.You can't hide from reality.W: I know, but I've got enough reality in the newspapers.When I see a movie, I just want to be entertained.M: Well, next time you'd better choose a comedy!Unit 11 Left-handedness Part B Exercise 1 短文3题 单词句子填空P94 Research has shown that 90% of people naturally use their right hands for most tasks.But hundreds of millions of people use their left hands.Then why are some people left-handed? Scientists have been trying to answer that question for many years.A study done in 1992 found that men are more likely to be left-handed than women.It also found that Asian or Hispanic people are less likely to be left-handed than white people, black people, or North American Indians.Some cultures accept people who do things mostly with their left hands.Others do not.Scientists want to know the reason for left-handedness because it is closely linked to mental problems and language difficulties.One idea about the cause of left-handedness is the genetic theory.It says that people are right-or left-handed because of genes passed to them by their parents.For example, it has been shown that the handedness of adopted children is more likely to follow that of their birth parents than their adopted parents.Other evidence of genetic involvement can be found in some families.One famous example is the left-handed members of the present British royal family.These include Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles and Prince William.Another idea is that right-handed people are born with the gene for it.But about 20% of people do not have the right-handed gene.These people could be either left-or right-handed.This idea may explain why two babies who have the same genes use different hands.In 18% of identical twins one twin is right-handed, and the other is left-handed.Probably both twins lack the right-handed gene so each has a chance to be either right-or left-handed.Some scientists believe that the cause of handedness could include both genetics and development.Passage 2 Does Being Left-handed Affect One's Life? 短文2题

P96 There are approximately 30 million left-handed people in the United States, and several hundred million more around the world.Most right-handed people have never even considered the possibility that there might be any serious issues affecting left-handers.Even among all of these left-handed people, there are many different opinions about what these issues are and which issues might be most important to them.Some left-handers think that being left-handed is a positive factor in their lives, and they feel that there are no serious issues affecting them.Others think that being left-handed is not a significant factor and has not affected their lives one way or another.There are also some left-handers who have no opinion and have never given any thought to what being left-handed has meant to them.But the majority of left-handed people find that being left-handed is at least a small disadvantage and a minor source of frustration in their lives.There are many things that right-handed people take for granted that are quite difficult for left-handers.These include many basic skills like learning to write, learning to use scissors and other hand tools and utensils, and learning various crafts and other activities.Sometimes left-handers are puzzled by equipment designed for right-handers, and other times they are confused by instructors and instructions geared toward teaching right-handers.For some left-handed people this amounts to occasional difficulties and minor inconveniences.For other left-handers it is a lifetime full of failures and frustrations that may lead to much more serious problems.Part C

复合式听写

P98 Approximately 90% of people in the world are naturally right-handed.Why is this so, and are we born one way or the other? The answer to this question is rather complicated.In babies and young children, no single side becomes dominant until around the age of eight.At 12 weeks, babies usually use both hands equally, but by 16 weeks, they mostly use the left hand for touching.By 24 weeks, they have changed again and start using both hands.Then at 28 weeks, they become one-handed again, although this time it is the right hand that is used more.At 32 weeks, they start using both hands again.When they reach the age of 36 weeks, there is another change, with most babies now preferring to use the left hand.Between 40 and 44 weeks, the right hand is once again more used.At 48 weeks, babies switch to using their left hands again, and then between 52 and 56 weeks, the right hand takes over.There are further changes still.At 80 weeks, the right hand loses control, and both are used again equally.When the young child reaches the age of two, the right hand takes over again, but between two and a half and three years, both hands are used equally.Things finally become stable at around four years and stay the same until, by the age of eight, one hand is strongly dominant over the other.Unit 12 Biodiversity Part B Exercise 1 短文填空

P103

The importance of biodiversity seems obvious to us.We enjoy the beauty of biodiversity when we take a walk in the park,take a trip to the zoo or a wild area,read books or watch TV shows about strange creatures in foreign lands.Some people believe that biodiversity is important simplybecause it is so wonderful.Some think there are philosophical or spiritual reasons for biodiversity.But there are other reasons why it is so important.The loss of biodiversity will change the balance of life on Earth.If an ecosystem is destroyed, many species adapted to that ecosystem may very likely be destroyed as well.If that species is whatscientists call “keystone”,a whole ecosystem may depend on it.Biodiversity is also important in its direct benefits to people.Plants give us the air we breathe;animals and plants supply us with the food we eat;and organisms and microorganisms clean the air,regulate floods, recycle waste, and control pests.Biodiversity also has economic and health benefits.Both industry and agriculture depend on it for raw material and other things.And medicine is even more dependent on biodiversity.In China, more than5,000 species of plants are used for medicinal purposes.Many species which were thought “useless” at first are found to be valuable.And this is a further threat from the loss of biodiversity.Passage 2How Many Species Are There?Exercise 1 短文5题 P104.Isn't it surprising that scientists have a better understandingof how many stars there are in the galaxy than how many species there are on Earth?Their estimates of global species diversityvary from 2 to 100 million species.Most people agree on an estimate of somewhere near 10 millionand yet only 1.5 million have actually been named.Current knowledge of species diversity is limited.This problem becomes more seriousbecause there is a lack of a central database or list of the world's species.New species are still being discovered —even new birds and mammals.On average, about three new species of birds are found each year,and since 1990, 10 new species of monkeys have been discovered.Other groups are still far from being completely described;an estimated 40 percent of freshwater fishesin South America have not yet been classified.Scientists were startled in 1980by the discovery of a huge diversity of insects in tropical forests.In one study of just 19 trees in Panama,960 new species of beetles were discovered.As scientists begin investigating other little-known ecosystems,like the soil and the deep sea,“surprising” discoveries of species become commonplace.There is nothing strange about this, though,since as many as a million undescribed species are believed to livein the deep sea.And one gram of a small-sized piece of land might hold 90 million bacteriaand other microbes.How many species these communities contain is still anyone's guess.Questions 1.Which of the following is true? 2.How many species are there on Earth according to most scientists? 3.In which of the following groups is the discovery ofnew species not mentioned in the passage? 4.What can you learn from the passage? 5.Which of the following best reveals the main idea of the passage?

Part CTest Your Listening 短文3题

P108

Scientists have created a tomato that can grow on salty water.The plant is the first crop of its kind ever produced in the world.Its significance cannot be overestimated.The new technology can help mankind solve the problem of feedingits ever-expanding population.It is estimated that by 2025 the world population will amount to more than 9 billion,an increase of 3 billion over 2,000.Each day 240, 000 more people are born, ready to be fed like the rest of us.Unfortunately, not all the land on Earth can be used to grow crops for humans.About 24.7 million acres of land is lost to agriculture each yearbecause the land has become too salty.The main cause of the problem is irrigation(灌溉).When farmers water their crops, salts in the water also enter the soil.Over time, salts such as sodium(钠)and calcium build up to such a pointthat they severely harm the growth of crops.Salts destroy most plants' ability to draw up water through their roots.But, the new variety of tomato produced by Americanand Canadian scientists can store salts in its leavesso that the fruit doesn't taste salty.Researchers hope this technology will enable areas of poor quality land to become productive.And they can feed some of the world's growing population.Questions 1.What does this passage mainly tell us? 2.What is the significance of the new technology? 3.What will happen by 2025 according to the passage?

第二篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)听说教程3Unit14 Women教案

Unit 14 Women Teaching Procedures I.Objectives of Unit 14 II.Part A: Pre-listening Tasks III.Part B: Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Leisure Time IV.Part C: Additional Listening V.Part D: Home Listening

I.Objectives:

1.Familiarizing the topic of women 2.Grasping some useful sentences

3.Doing listening tasks for both general understanding and details 4.Practicing speaking tasks 5.Doing additional listening

II.Part A: Pre-listening Tasks: 1.Arrange the Ss in pairs and ask them to discuss the following questions in their books.2.Bring the Ss’ attention to the Language Focus box and tell them that they can use the sentences and structures in the box in their conversations.3.Give general help to the Ss, esp.the weaker ones.4.If time permits, or if the Ss belong to the more advanced group, ask them to discuss the additional questions below: Questions for Discussion 1.Which sex tends to live a longer life, male or female? 2.What might be some of the reasons for this difference in the length of life between men and women? 3.Are women less intelligent, less capable, weaker than men? Why or why not? Give examples to illustrate your point.4.What were the traditional roles of women? Do you think they were unfair to women? 5.Do women receive equal treatment at present? How do women feel about it? 6.Is it possible for a woman to be successful in her career and take good care of her family at the same time? Demo:

4.What were the traditional roles of women? Do you think they were unfair to women? The traditional roles of women vary according to their culture and religion.In the traditional Chinese society, women were oppressed and disrespected.The traditional role of women in China centered around the home, where they were expected to serve their families.Men dominated the Chinese society while women were subordinate to their fathers, husbands, brothers and sons.Arranged marriages left women with virtually no voice in the society.Chinese women did not have rights or privileges.So their roles were certainly unfair.In the West and in many parts of the world, traditionally when a couple got married, the man was considered to be the head of the family, and his wife was expected to defer to him.Generally, the wife would be expected to be in charge of the household, to provide food, and to raise and care

for the children.In a Jewish society, women of all classes were generally expected to be the family doctors, since professional doctors were often not available.Women would be expected to have a good knowledge of first aid and medicine, be able to make their own home remedies, treat wounds, etc.Additional Question for Discussion Do you think that women in China have ample opportunities to develop their potential? Why or why not?

Demo:

Some do, some don’t.First, opportunities are a limited resource in most places.Compared to the number of people who want them, there are simply not enough of them.Second, there’s the traditional or popular concept about women’s role.They are the weaker sex and their status is comparatively lower than men at home.Third, physically and psychologically speaking, women are faced with some special challenges, like giving birth to children.So, only those women who are well prepared, highly motivated, hard-working, and have a bit of good luck will get an opportunity to fully develop their potential.III.Part B: Listening & Speaking Tasks 1.Listening Task – Texts

Text1

Women in Business Teaching Steps: 1)Introduce some background information about the unit.2)Play the tape of Text 1 once and ask the students to do Exercise 1.Tell them to concentrate on understanding the text as a whole at this stage.3)Ask the students if they have any difficulties with language or cultural points in the text.Explain them if necessary.4)Play the tape once again and ask the students to do Exercise 2.Background and Information Women’s position in society has improved since the middle of the last century.They now enjoy the right to vote and have the same educational opportunities as men do in most countries.But this is the result of a long and hard struggle.In France, for example, women did not even have the right to open their own mail until 1923 and did not have the right to vote until 1944.And until 1965, no married woman was allowed to open her own bank account without her husband’s written consent.And even today women are still discriminated against in various ways.In many countries, women do not get equal pay for equal work.In France, women’s salary is about 75% that of men and in Britain, the situation is similar with women still earning only 79% of men’s full-time hourly pay.As regards work types, most women are in clerical and secretarial jobs, which are undervalued and underpaid.And there are far fewer women than men in top positions in various spheres of life.In our own country, when university graduates apply for an opening in a company, boys are usually preferred.To win equal treatment for women, there is still much to do.Language and Culture Notes 2.they stuck to age-old traditions that she couldn’t follow — long lunches and late-night meetings

they strictly observed those very old traditions without considering that she was now a mother and had a baby to take care of;they talked about business during long lunches and spent extra hours after work having meetings, so she could find little time to be with her baby 3.It was too much pressure and I felt like I was being sabotaged.I felt that I was being deliberately placed under more pressure than I could bear.4.And they stay in the workforce.They don’t quit their jobs after they get married.5.Frenchwomen see no need to abandon femininity and elegance in the business world French businesswomen do not think it necessary to give up their feminine charm while doing business

Text2

Are Women the Weaker Sex? Teaching Steps: 1)Play the tape of Text 2 once and ask the students to do Exercise 1.Tell them to concentrate on understanding the text as a whole at this stage.2)Ask the students if they have any difficulties with language or cultural points in the text.Explain them if necessary.3)Play the tape once again and ask the students to do Exercise 2.Language and Culture Notes 1.Mother Nature favors her own sex when it comes to longevity

So far as the length of life is concerned, Nature, represented traditionally as a female, seems to have a partiality for women and bestows on them the good fortune of a longer life.2.men actually get a head start in the battle of the sexes more boys were actually born than girls

3.they then leave men in the dust, with three women alive for every man by age 85 by age 85, more men have died and the ratio of surviving women to men is 3 to 1

2.Speaking Tasks 1)Ask the Ss to get into pairs and carry out Speaking Task A – Reflections on the texts.2)Select a pair to present their views in class.3)Go on to Speaking Task B – Debating.Ask the Ss to read the directions and sample answers for Task B.Then ask each pair to express their views on the same topic from the perspectives of different groups of people.Encourage the Ss to use some of the expressions in the sample answers and in the Language Focus box above.4)If time permits, select one pair to present their arguments in class.IV.Part C: Additional Listening

Teaching steps: 1)Ask Ss to go over the chart before listening.2)Listen to the tape and put a tick before the choice.3)Listen again and then check up.V.Assignments:

1)Do Part D as the assignment and the teacher will check up next week.2)General Review

第三篇：全新版大学英语综合教程3(第二版)汉译英

一单元

1.并非每个人对什么是对.什么是错都持有一样的看法

Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong

2.但是遗憾的是,金钱并非一切

but, unfortunately, money isn't everything

3.并非所有美国人都喜欢吃

not all Americans like them

4.人的兴趣不尽相同

Not all people share the same interests

二单元

1.我们方懂得珍惜生命的价值

we come to appreciate the value of life.2.人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物

people will come to like genetically modified crops someday

3.我们逐渐意识到平请一位计算机保安专家的必要性

we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.4.逐渐认识到中国人喜欢“把着手教”

came to under¬stand that the Chinese preferred “teaching by holding the hand”.三单元

1.因特网已不再是一个不同寻常的字眼

Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.2.大多数男人穿上西服看上去倒不是没有魅力

Most men do not look unattractive in them.3.尽管她富裕，她对突然遭到解雇并非无动于衷

Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.4.鉴于严重犯罪活动的大幅下降，这样的声音并非不切实际

This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5.他身体欠佳，与他不健康的生活方式不无关系

His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.五单元

1.人们理所当然的认为

it was taken for granted

2.大多数年轻人呢把自来水看成理所当然

Most young people take tap water for granted

3.想当然的认为他们已经结婚

took it for granted that they were married.4.第二封礼物更是理所当然的the second is taken for granted.

第四篇：全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译

unit 4

Was Einstein a Space Alien? 1 Albert Einstein was exhausted.For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn.When Albert finally dozed off...it was time to get up and go to work.He couldn't skip a day.He needed the job to support his young family.1.阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a “Technical Expert, Third Class,” Albert worried about his mother.She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva.Relations were strained.Albert glanced at a passing shop window.His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。在快步去专利局上班的路上，他为母亲忧心忡忡。母亲年纪越来越大，身体虚弱。她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事，婆媳关系紧张。阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗，看见自己头发凌乱，他又忘了梳头了。Work.Family.Making ends meet.Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.3.工作，家庭，维持生计——阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要承担的全部压力和责任。

To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下，却使物理学发生了突破性进展 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science--all written in his “spare time.” He proved that atoms and molecules existed.Before 1905, scientists weren't sure about that.He argued that light came in little bits(later called “photons”)and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.4.1905年，在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年，26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中的五篇——这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。他证明了原子和分子的存在。1905年之前，科学家们对此没有把握。爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现（后来被称为“光子”），这为量子力学奠定了基础。他把狭义相对论描写为：时空如同普通织物中的线，他提出，这些线可以弯曲、拉长和交织在一起。Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.5.对了，顺便提一下，E = mc2。Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton.It happened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge.With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation.6.在爱因斯坦之前，最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿

爵士。事情发生在1666，为了躲避在剑桥爆发的瘟疫，牛顿去母亲的农场隐居。由于没有什么更好的事可做，他便建立万有引力理论。For centuries historians called 1666 Newton's “miracle year”.Now those words have a different meaning: Einstein and 1905.The United Nations has declared 2005 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's “miracle year.” 7.几个世纪以来,历史学家称为1666牛顿的“奇迹年”。现在这些话有不同的意义：爱因斯坦和1905。联合国已经宣布2005年“世界物理年“庆祝爱因斯坦“奇迹年”的100周年。8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker.His ideas, we're told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists.He must have come from some other planet--maybe the same one Newton grew up on.8.现代流行文化把爱因斯坦绘画成一位长着蓬乱头发的超级思想家。据说他的思想不可思议地远远超过其他科学家。他一定是从其他星球来的——也许是牛顿长大的同一个星球。9 “Einstein was no space alien,” laughs Harvard University physicist and science historian Peter Galison.“He was a man of his time.” All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists.“If Einstein hadn't been born, [those papers] would have been written in some form, eventually, by others,” Galison believes.9.“爱因斯坦决不是外星人，”哈佛大学物理学家、科学史家彼得加里森笑着说。“他是他那个时代的人。”他所有发表于1905年的论文解决了当时其他科学家正多多少少在解决的问题，“如果没有爱因斯坦，其他科学家最终也会以某种形式撰写出这些论文来的”加里森相信。What's remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.10.1905年不同寻常的是，爱因斯坦一个人撰写的五篇论文，而且他得出结论的方法既富原创性又显得不合常规。For example: the photoelectric effect.This was a puzzle in the early 1900s.When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off.This can happen only if light comes in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose.A spread-out wave wouldn't do the photoelectric trick.11.例如：光电效应。这在20世纪初期的一道难题。当光照射到金属（如锌）上时，电子飞速飞离电子表面，这种现象只有当光的粒子集聚的程度足以把电子击撞松动的时候才会发生。漫延波不会产生光电效应。The solution seems simple--light is particulate.Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921.Other physicists like Max Planck(working on a related problem: blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first.Why? 12.答案似乎很简单——光是粒子。事实上，这是爱因斯坦1905年提出的解答，并因此于1921年获得诺贝尔奖。其他物理学家们，比如比爱因斯坦资历更深、经验更丰富的麦克斯普兰克（从事研究相关的问题：黑体辐射），其研究正接近

该问题的答案，但爱因斯坦捷足先登。为什么？ It's a question of authority.这是对权威的看法问题 “In Einstein's day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell.Nobody wanted to do that,” says Galison.Maxwell's equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetism and optics.Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave.Maxwell was an Authority Figure.13.“在爱因斯坦的时代，如果你试图说光由粒子组成，你就会发现自己与物理学家杰姆斯.克拉克.马克斯威尔持不同观点。没有人想那么做，”加里森说道。马克斯威尔的方程式把物理学中的电学、磁学和光学统一起来，获得了巨大的成功。麦克斯威尔毫无疑问地证明了光是电磁波。他可是权威人物。Einstein didn't give a fig for authority.He didn't resist being told what to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true.Even as a child he was constantly doubting and questioning.“Your mere presence here undermines the class's respect for me,” spat his 7th grade teacher, Dr.Joseph Degenhart.(Degenhart also predicted that Einstein “would never get anywhere in life.”)This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einstein's discoveries.14.爱因斯坦豪不在乎权威。他不太反对别人要求他做什么，但是他不喜欢别人告诉他什么是正确的。即使在小时候他也不停地质疑和问问题。“你呆在这里损害了全班学生对我尊敬，”他第七年级的老师约瑟夫狄根哈特博士愤怒地说。（狄根哈特还预言爱因斯坦“永远不会有出息”）这一性格缺陷成为日后爱因斯坦作出种种发现的主要因素。“In 1905,” notes Galison, “Einstein had just received his Ph.D.He wasn't beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure.” His mind was free to roam accordingly.15.“在1905年，”加里森着重指出，“爱因斯坦刚刚获得博士学位，他不感激于论文导师或任何其他权威人士。”因此，他的思想在自由漫游。In retrospect, Maxwell was right.Light is a wave.But Einstein was right, too.Light is a particle.This bizarre duality baffles Physics 101 students today just as it baffled Einstein in 1905.How can light be both? Einstein had no idea.16.回想起来，麦克斯威尔是正确的。光是一种波。但爱因斯坦也是对的。光是粒子。这种异乎寻常的二象性使今天选修无力101课程的同学们感到困惑，就像在1905年使爱因斯坦感到困惑一样。光怎么可能既是波又是粒子呢？爱因斯坦无法理解。That didn't slow him down.Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool.“I believe in intuition and inspiration,” he wrote in 1931.“At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason.” 17.困惑并没有使爱因斯坦放慢探究的脚步。爱因斯坦不屑谨小慎微，他采用直觉跳跃思维作为基本工具。“我相信直觉和灵感，”他在1931年写道。“有时尽管不知道原因，但是我肯定我是对的。Although Einstein's five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, deeply, since childhood.“Science was dinner-table conversation in the Einstein household,” explains Galison.Albert's father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran a German company making such things as dynamos, arc lamps, light bulbs and telephones.This was high-tech at the turn of the century, “like a Silicon Valley company would be today,” notes Galison.“Albert's interest in science and technology came naturally.” 18.虽说爱因斯坦在短短的一年内发表了五篇论文，其实他童年时代就一直深入地思考物理的问题。“科学是爱因斯坦在餐桌上聊天的话题。”加里森解释道。爱因斯坦的父亲赫尔曼和叔叔雅各布经营一家德国公司，制造发电机，电弧灯，灯泡、电话等诸如此类的产品。这是（20）世纪之初属于高科技，“像今天的硅谷公司，”加里森着重提到。“艾伯特对科学技术与生俱来怀有兴趣。” Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties.No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doing math problems while others danced around him.Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!19.爱因斯坦的父母有时会带儿子参加聚会。她们不常请人看孩子：当其他人在他周围跳舞时，阿尔伯特坐在沙发上，全神贯注，静静地做数学题。笔和纸是阿尔伯特的玩具！20 He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled “...even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him.” 20.他有极强的集中思想的能力。爱因斯坦的妹妹玛雅，回忆说：“„„即使周围非常吵闹，他也能躺在沙发上，拿起纸和笔，悠悠地把墨水池放在一个靠背上，专心致志得解题，北京声音不但没有打扰他，反而激励他。” Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers.“I have no special talents,” he claimed, “I am only passionately curious.” And again: “The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers...and the reality is simply grotesque.” Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.21.爱因斯坦显然很聪明，但不比他的同龄人超出多少。“我没有什么特别的才能，”他说，“只是我的好奇心非常强烈。”还有：“大众对我能力的评估„和现实之间的差异简直大得荒唐。”爱因斯坦把他的发现更多地归功于想象力和不断提问而不是普通所谓的智慧。Later in life, it should be remembered, he struggled mightily to produce a unified field theory, combining gravity with other forces of nature.He failed.Einstein's brainpower was not limitless.22.应该记住的是，爱因斯坦在晚年竭尽全力想象提出统一场论，把万有引力和自然界中其他的力结合起来。但他失败了。爱因斯坦的智力不是无限的。Neither was Einstein's brain.It was removed without permission by Dr.Thomas Harvey in 1955 when Einstein died.He probably expected to find something extraordinary:Einstein's mother Pauline had famously worried that baby Einstein's head was lopsided.(Einstein's grandmother had a different concern: “Much too fat!”)But Einstein's brain looked much like any other, gray, crinkly, and, if anything, a trifle smaller than average.23.爱因斯坦的大脑也是如此。他1955年去世的时候，托马斯哈维医生在未经许可的情况下解剖了他的大脑。也许他期盼发现一些惊人的东西。但是爱因斯坦死的大脑看起来和其他人的大脑很相似，灰色，波状的。如果非要说什么不同，那就是他的大脑比正常人的小一点。

轶事爱因斯坦

废纸篓他的错误时，艾伯特爱因斯坦抵达美国，在54岁驶入纽约港的远洋班轮westernland十月171933，官方欢迎委员会正在等着他。爱因斯坦和他的随行人员，然而，不知去向。亚伯拉罕弗莱克斯纳，导演在普林斯顿高等研究院，新泽西，被屏蔽他的名人教授从宣传。所以他派拖船精神伟人从westernland尽快通过检疫。他的头发拨出一个宽边黑帽，爱因斯坦偷偷地到拖船上岸，这使他和他的党下曼哈顿，在车接送到普林斯顿。”爱因斯坦博士是想求得和平和安静，”弗莱克斯纳告诉记者。诺贝尔奖得主在1921他对理论物理学，爱因斯坦得到一个办公室在学院。他问他需要什么设备。”一个写字台或桌子，椅子，纸和铅笔，”他回答说。“哦，和一个大篓，所以我可以扔掉我所有的错误。”他和埃尔莎，他的妻子，租了一个房子和定居生活在普林斯顿。他喜欢美国的事实，尽管其不平等的财富和种族不公正，更多的是一个精英比欧洲。”让新来的

致力于这个国家的民主特质的人，”他后来奇迹。”没有人谦卑自己，在另一个人。”不是一个爱因斯坦爱因斯坦，然而，没有爱因斯坦的时候他还是一个孩子的成长。在慕尼黑，德国，第一个孩子的赫尔曼和保罗爱因斯坦，他在缓慢的学习说话。“我的父母非常担心，”他回忆道，“他们找医生。”当他开始使用的话2岁之后，他制定了一个怪癖，促使他的保姆给他迟钝的人。”他所说的每一句，无论多么常规，”回忆起他的妹妹，玛雅，”他轻声地反复，动动嘴唇。”他缓慢发展的结合是一个厚脸皮的叛逆的权威，从而导致一个德国校长把他包装。另一个说，爱因斯坦不会多。“当我问自己这是怎么发生的，我发现了相对论，它似乎躺在下面的情况，”爱因斯坦后来解释说。“普通成人不会困扰他的头问题的空间和时间。这些都是他认为作为一个孩子。但我发展很慢，我开始思考的空间和时间，当我已经长大了。我更深入探讨的问题不是一个普通的孩子都有一个快乐的科学。”鼓励他的和蔼的父亲，谁经营家族生意，和他热爱音乐的母亲，爱因斯坦花了几个小时的工作上的难题和建筑 塔的玩具。”的毅力和韧性是他性格中的一部分，”他的妹妹说。一次，爱因斯坦生病在床上作为一个孩子，他的父亲带他一个指南针。爱因斯坦后来想起这么激动，当他检查了它的神秘力量，他颤抖着越来越冷。磁针的表现好像受到一个隐藏的力场，而不是通过机械的方法接触或接触。”深深的藏得背后的东西，”他说。他对磁域，重力，惯性和光束。他保留的能力，将两个念头的同时，感到困惑时，冲突和喜悦时，他看到一个潜在的团结。”像你我这样的人是永远不会老的，”他写道，一个朋友多年以后我们从来没有停止过。”都是好奇的孩童面前的伟大神秘的，我们是天生的。”普遍的看法相反，爱因斯坦擅长数学。在13岁的时候，他已经有了一个偏爱解决复杂问题的应用数学，他的妹妹回忆说。一个叔叔，雅各布爱因斯坦，工程师，把他介绍给欢乐的代数，称它是“快乐的科学，”当爱因斯坦取得了胜利，他“很高兴不已。”他从阅读科普书籍，这表明他“圣经不可能是真的，”爱因斯坦制定了一个抵制一切形式的教条。他写了1901，“一个愚蠢的信仰权威是真理最大的敌人。”

一个骄傲的美国在15岁时，爱因斯坦离开德国去了意大利北部，在那里他的父母迁往自己的业务，并在16，他写了他的第一篇文章在理论物理。爱因斯坦发现了相对论，他毕业于苏黎世理工大学1900当他21，涉及的直觉知识以及个人的经验。他发展的理论，从1905开始，后一个工作在瑞士专利局。但他的理论并不完全接受，直到1919，当观测在一次日食证实他的预测多少太阳的引力弯曲的光束。在年龄40，1919，爱因斯坦突然被世界著名。他也结婚的埃尔莎和他的妻子，是父亲的儿子从他的第一次婚姻。1921的春天，他的名声大爆炸导致盛大月访问美国，在那里他收到热烈欢迎，他会唤起大众疯狂所到之处。世界从未见过这样一个科学名人明星。爱因斯坦热爱美国，欣赏其连发繁荣的结果，自由和个人主义。在3月1933，希特勒在德国，爱因斯坦意识到他可以不再生活在欧洲的。秋天，他定居在普林斯顿，和1940，他是美国公民，自豪地称自己美国。自然界的和谐和数学

他的第一个万圣节生活在美国，爱因斯坦解除了一些捣蛋的小夜曲惊讶他们在门口和小提琴。在圣诞节，当成员的本地教会来唱圣诞颂歌，他走到外面，借了一把小提琴，愉快地陪他们。爱因斯坦很快获得的图像，它长到附近的一个传说，是一个亲切的教授，分散在次但始终甜，谁很少梳头穿袜子。”我已经到了一岁时，如果有人告诉我穿袜子，我不去，”他告诉当地的一些孩子。他曾经帮助一个15岁的学生，亨利·罗索，以新闻类。我们的老师提供了一个高档的人得分采访的科学家，所以我们出现在爱因斯坦的家，却被拒绝在门外。送牛奶的人给了他一个提示：爱因斯坦走了一段路每早晨9: 30.rosso溜出学校，同他搭讪。但学生，突然所有的困惑，不知道问什么。所以爱因斯坦提出的问题，关于数学的。”我发现大自然是建造在一个美妙的方式，我们的任务就是找到我们的[它]的数学结构，”爱因斯坦解释了自己的教育。”它是一种信念，帮助我通过我的整个生活。”访谈获得亨利罗索A。

unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll.On an especially lonely day to be at sea--Thanksgiving Day--he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football.Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亚历克斯·黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子――感恩节，他开始认真思考起这一节日的意义。对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.写三封感谢信 亚利克斯·黑利

那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在垫过的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的事什么――某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个字前后颠倒一下――那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表达谢意――就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我脑子里仍一直盘桓着这事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际――要感谢他人，那些赐我以诸多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一切受之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人难过的是，我意识到，他们中有一半已经过世了――因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自对我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅·帕尔默；以及我的文法学校校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔·纳尔逊牧师。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是这样开头的：“出海在外度过的这个感恩节，令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我从来没有对您说过自己是多么想感谢您――”我简短回忆了各位为我所做的具体事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始乡村小学的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷的影响。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃到她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡觉前，我的这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我们卸了货，又装了其它物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然这是我们视为最紧要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每当船上的喇叭响起：“大伙听好！邮件点名！”200名左右的水兵就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把信，大声念收信水手的名字，叫到的人从人群当中挤出，一边应道：“来了，来了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“邮件点名”带给我外祖母，爸爸，以及纳尔逊牧师的回信――我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们向我致谢，天哪，就因为我记得，就因为我认为他们做了不同寻常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他对我写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，” 他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪――从前是她给我换尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的话来说，“我们究其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我还有别的祝愿――这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春节那样，散居各处的美国人到感恩节就回家团聚。埃伦·古德曼在等待着子女回家的同时，思索着当子女长大离家，常常在远方定居之后，父母与子女关系的不断变化。

找不到b了

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真的就无可奈何了吗？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片叶子 欧·亨利

在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有什么心事吗？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如说，一个男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数――倒数着数！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，约翰西数着，声音几乎听不出来。“现在叶子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多还有100片。数得我头都疼。可现在容易了。又掉了一片。这下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，亲爱的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“叶子。常青藤上的叶子。等最后一片叶子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道会这样。大夫没跟你说吗？”

”Oh, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我从没听说过这种胡说八道。常青藤叶子跟你病好不好有什么关系？别这么傻。对了，大夫上午跟我说，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些汤，让苏迪给她生病的孩子去买些波尔图葡萄酒来。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去买酒了，”约翰西说道，两眼一直盯着窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝汤。这一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片叶子掉落。那时我也就跟着走了。我都等腻了。也想腻了。我只想撇开一切, 飘然而去，就像那边一片可怜的疲倦的叶子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”苏说。“我得叫贝尔曼上楼来给我当老矿工模特儿。我去去就来。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes.“

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有这么愚蠢的人，因为树叶从藤上掉落就要去死？我听都没听说过这等事。你怎么让这种傻念头钻到她那个怪脑袋里？天哪！这不是一个像约翰西小姐这样的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要画一幅巨作，那时候我们就离开这里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.两人上了楼，约翰西已经睡着了。苏放下窗帘，示意贝尔曼去另一个房间。在那儿两人惶惶不安地凝视着窗外的常青藤。接着两人面面相觑，哑然无语。外面冷雨夹雪，淅淅沥沥。贝尔曼穿着破旧的蓝色衬衣, 坐在充当矿石的倒置的水壶上，摆出矿工的架势。

When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.第二天早上，只睡了一个小时的苏醒来看到约翰西睁大着无神的双眼，凝望着拉下的绿色窗帘。

”Pull it up;I want to see,“ she ordered, in a whisper.“把窗帘拉起来；我要看，”她低声命令道。

Wearily Sue obeyed.苏带着疲倦，遵命拉起窗帘。

But, Lo!after the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf.It was the last on the vine.Still dark green near its stem, but with its edges colored yellow, it hung bravely from a branch some twenty feet above the ground.可是，瞧！经过一整夜的急风骤雨，竟然还存留一片常青藤叶，背靠砖墙，格外显目。这是常青藤上的最后一片叶子。近梗部位仍呈暗绿色，但边缘已经泛黄了，它无所畏惧地挂在离地20多英尺高的枝干上。

”It is the last one,“ said Johnsy.”I thought it would surely fall during the night.I heard the wind.It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.“

“这是最后一片叶子，”约翰西说。“我以为夜里它肯定会掉落的。我晚上听到大风呼啸。今天它会掉落的，叶子掉的时候，也是我死的时候。”

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall.And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed.白天慢慢过去了，即便在暮色黄昏之中，他们仍能看到那片孤零零的常青藤叶子，背靠砖墙，紧紧抱住梗茎。尔后，随着夜幕的降临，又是北风大作。

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.等天色亮起，冷酷无情的约翰西命令将窗帘拉起。

The ivy leaf was still there.常青藤叶依然挺在。

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it.And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken soup over the gas stove.约翰西躺在那儿，望着它许久许久。接着她大声呼唤正在煤气灶上搅鸡汤的苏。

”I've been a bad girl, Sudie,“ said Johnsy.”Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was.It is a sin to want to die.You may bring me a little soup now, and some milk with a little port in it and--no;bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook.“

“我一直像个不乖的孩子，苏迪，”约翰西说。“有一种力量让那最后一片叶子不掉，好让我看到自己有多坏。想死是一种罪过。你给我喝点汤吧，再来点牛奶，稍放一点波尔图葡萄酒――不，先给我拿面小镜子来，弄几个枕头垫在我身边，我要坐起来看你做菜。”

An hour later she said:

一个小时之后，她说：

”Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.“

“苏迪，我真想有一天去画那不勒斯海湾。”

The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left.下午大夫来了，他走时苏找了个借口跟进了过道。

”Even chances,“ said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his.“现在是势均力敌，”大夫说着，握了握苏纤细颤抖的手。

”With good nursing you'll win.And now I must see another case I have downstairs.Behrman, his name is--some kind of an artist, I believe.Pneumonia, too.He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute.There is no hope for him;but he goes to the hospital today to be made more comfortable.“

“只要精心照料，你就赢了。现在我得去楼下看另外一个病人了。贝尔曼，是他的名字――记得是个什么画家。也是肺炎。他年老体弱，病来势又猛。他是没救了。不过今天他去了医院，照料得会好一点。”

The next day the doctor said to Sue: ”She's out of danger.You've won.The right food and care now--that's all.“

第二天，大夫对苏说：“她脱离危险了。你赢了。注意饮食，好好照顾，就行了。”

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay and put one arm around her.当日下午，苏来到约翰西的床头，用一只手臂搂住她。

”I have something to tell you, white mouse,“ she said.”Mr.Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital.He was ill only two days.He was found on the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain.His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and--look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece--he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

“我跟你说件事，小白鼠，”她说。“贝尔曼先生今天在医院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才两天。发病那天上午人家在楼下他的房间里发现他疼得利害。他的鞋子衣服都湿透了，冰冷冰冷的。他们想不出那么糟糕的天气他夜里会去哪儿。后来他们发现了一个灯笼，还亮着，还有一个梯子被拖了出来，另外还有些散落的画笔，一个调色板，和着黄绿两种颜色，――看看窗外，宝贝儿，看看墙上那最后一片常青藤叶子。它在刮风的时候一动也不动，你没有觉得奇怪吗？啊，亲爱的，那是贝尔曼的杰作――最后一片叶子掉落的那天夜里他画上了这片叶子。”

He did not trust the woman to trust him.And he did not trust the woman not to trust him.And he did not want to be mistrusted now.他不敢相信这个女人居然会信任自己。他也不认为这个女人就不信任自己。不过，现在他不想失去别人对自己的信任。

第五篇：全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文和翻译

unit 1 Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside.Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land.Few get round to putting their dreams into practice.This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm.Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。

Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

Jim Doherty

There are two things I have always wanted to do--write and live

on a farm.Today I'm doing both.I am not in E.B.White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by.And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活

吉姆·多尔蒂

有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。

It's a self-reliant sort of life.We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables.Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week.Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。

It's a satisfying life too.In the summer we canoe on the river, go

picnicking in the woods and take long bicycle rides.In the winter we ski and skate.We get excited about sunsets.We love the smell of the earth warming and the sound of cattle lowing.We watch for hawks in the sky and deer in the cornfields.这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。

But the good life can get pretty tough.Three months ago when it was 30 below, we spent two miserable days hauling firewood up the river on a sled.Three months from now, it will be 95 above and we will be cultivating corn, weeding strawberries and killing chickens.Recently, Sandy and I had to retile the back roof.Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside.Later this month, we'll spray the orchard, paint the barn, plant the garden and clean the hen house before the new chicks arrive.但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。

In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers.Sandy, meanwhile, pursues her own demanding schedule.Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs.There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this--and not much for the virtuous either.在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇

不了。

None of us will ever forget our first winter.We were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the house and barn, we kept warm inside burning our own wood, eating our own apples and loving every minute of it.我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。

When spring came, it brought two floods.First the river overflowed, covering much of our land for weeks.Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave of produce.Our freezer filled up with cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans and corn.Then our canned-goods shelves and cupboards began to grow with preserves, tomato juice, grape juice, plums, jams and jellies.Eventually, the basement floor disappeared under piles of potatoes, squash and pumpkins, and the barn began to fill with apples and pears.It was amazing.开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹

了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆满一罐罐的腌渍食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果酱和果冻。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫芦、南瓜，谷仓里也储满了苹果和梨。真是太美妙了。

The next year we grew even more food and managed to get through the winter on firewood that was mostly from our own trees and only 100 gallons of heating oil.At that point I began thinking seriously about quitting my job and starting to freelance.The timing was terrible.By then, Shawn and Amy, our oldest girls were attending expensive Ivy League schools and we had only a few thousand dollars in the bank.Yet we kept coming back to the same question: Will there ever be a better time? The answer, decidedly, was no, and so--with my employer's blessings and half a year's pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket--off I went.第二年我们种了更多的作物，差不多就靠着从自家树林砍斫的木柴以及仅仅100加仑的燃油过了冬。其时，我开始认真考虑起辞了职去从事自由撰稿的事来。时机选得实在太差。当时，两个大的女儿肖恩和埃米正在费用很高的常春藤学校上学，而我们只有几千美金的银行存款。但我们一再回到一个老问题上来：真的会有更好的时机吗？答案无疑是否定的。于是，带着老板的祝福，口袋里揣着作为累

积津贴的半年薪水，我走了。

There have been a few anxious moments since then, but on balance things have gone much better than we had any right to expect.For various stories of mine, I've crawled into black-bear dens for Sports Illustrated, hitched up dogsled racing teams for Smithsonian magazine, checked out the Lake Champlain “monster” for Science Digest, and canoed through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for Destinations.那以后有过一些焦虑的时刻，但总的来说，情况比我们料想的要好得多。为了写那些内容各不相同的文章，我为《体育画报》爬进过黑熊窝；为《史密森期刊》替参赛的一组组狗套上过雪橇；为《科学文摘》调查过尚普兰湖水怪的真相；为《终点》杂志在明尼苏达划着小舟穿越美、加边界水域内的公共荒野保护区。

I'm not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we don't need as much either.I generate enough income to handle our $600-a-month mortgage payments plus the usual expenses for a family like ours.That includes everything from music lessons and dental bills to car repairs and college costs.When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man's major-medical policy.We have to pay the first $500 of any medical fees for each member of the family.It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that.Although we are stuck with paying

minor expenses, our premium is low--only $560 a year--and we are covered against catastrophe.Aside from that and the policy on our two cars at $400 a year, we have no other insurance.But we are setting aside $2,000 a year in an IRA.我挣的钱远比不上担任全职工作时的收入，可如今我们需要的钱也没有过去多。我挣的钱足以应付每月600美金的房屋贷款按揭以及一家人的日常开销。那些开销包括了所有支出，如音乐课学费、牙医账单、汽车维修以及大学费用等等。至于保险，我们买了一份低收入者的主要医疗项目保险。我们需要为每一位家庭成员的任何一项医疗费用支付最初的500美金。医疗保险则支付超出部分的80％。虽然我们仍要支付小部分医疗费用，但我们的保险费也低--每年只要560美金--而我们给自己生大病保了险。除了这一保险项目，以及两辆汽车每年400美金的保险，我们就没有其他保险了。不过我们每年留出2000美元入个人退休金账户。

We've been able to make up the difference in income by cutting back without appreciably lowering our standard of living.We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city.We still attend the opera and ballet in Milwaukee but only a few times a year.We eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments...我们通过节约开支而又不明显降低生活水准的方式来弥补收入差额。我们每个月仍出去吃一两次饭，不过现在我们光顾的是当地餐馆，而不是城里的高级饭店。我们仍去密尔沃基听歌剧看芭蕾演出，不过一年才几次。我们肉吃得少了，酒喝得便宜了，电影看得少了。铺张的圣诞节成为一种回忆，我们把完成稿约作为度假的一部分„„

I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do.It takes a couple of special qualities.One is a tolerance for solitude.Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much.During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway.Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。

The other requirement is energy--a lot of it.The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices.Instead, you do the work yourself.The only machinery we own(not counting the lawn mower)is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.另一项要求是体力――相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足 的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。

How much longer we'll have enough energy to stay on here is anybody's guess--perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not.When the time comes, we'll leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what we've been able to accomplish.We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too.We've invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today.But this is not a good time to sell.Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again.没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久--也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。

We didn't move here primarily to earn money though.We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives.When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I

know we've found just what we were looking for.但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。

Donna Barron describes how American family life has changed in recent years.She identifies three forces at work.What are they? Read on to find out.Then ask yourself whether similar forces are at work within China.Will family life here end up going in the same direction?

唐娜·巴伦描述了美国家庭生活近几年来的变化。她指出有三种力量在起作用。是哪三种力量？请读本文。读后问一下自己，同样的力量在中国是否也在起作用。中国的家庭生活最终是否会朝着同一个方向变化？

The Freedom Givers

Fergus M.Bordewich

A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house.Alongside me was a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in

Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history.As we walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke proudly of her great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson.“He was confident that the Creator intended all men to be created equal.And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.” 给人以自由者 弗格斯·M·博得威奇

我步出这幢两层小屋，加拿大平原上轻风微拂。我身边是一位苗条的黑衣女子，把我带回到过去的向导。那时，安大略省得雷斯顿这一带住着美国历史上的一位英雄。我们前往一座普普通通的灰色教堂，芭芭拉·卡特自豪地谈论着其高祖乔赛亚·亨森。“他坚信上帝要所有人生来平等。他从来没有停止过争取这一自由权利的奋斗。”

Carter's devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor.For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped inspire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.Ironically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not.A racial sellout unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought.“Josiah Henson was a man of principle,” she said firmly.卡特对其先辈的忠诚不仅仅关乎一己之骄傲，而关乎家族荣誉。因为乔赛亚·亨森至今仍为人所知是由于他所激发的创作灵感使

得一个美国小说人物问世：汤姆叔叔，哈丽特·比彻·斯陀的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中那个逆来顺受的黑奴。具有讽刺意味的是，这一人物所象征的一切在亨森身上一点都找不到。一个不愿奋起力争、背叛种族的黑人？卡特对此颇为愤慨。“乔赛亚·亨森是个有原则的人，”她肯定地说。

I had traveled here to Henson's last home--now a historic site that Carter formerly directed--to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses.After winning his own freedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to escape north to Canada--and liberty.Many settled here in Dresden with him.我远道前来亨森最后的居所――如今已成为卡特曾管理过的一处历史遗迹――是为了更多地了解此人，他在许多方面堪称黑人摩西。亨森自己摆脱了黑奴身份获得自由之后，便秘密帮助其他许多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大――逃奔自由之地。许多人和他一起在得雷斯顿这一带定居了下来。

Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me.Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South.Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the

Railroad to freedom.但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚·亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。

In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U.S.The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati.And it's about time.For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung.I was intent on telling their stories.2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。

John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock.Peering out his door into the night, he recognized the face of a trusted neighbor.“There's a party of escaped slaves hiding in the woods in Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,” the man whispered urgently.Parker didn't hesitate.“I'll

go,” he said, pushing a pair of pistols into his pockets.听到轻轻的敲门声，约翰·帕克神情紧张起来。他开门窥望，夜色中认出是一位可靠的邻居。“有一群逃亡奴隶躲在肯塔基州的树林里，就在离河20英里的地方，”那人用急迫的口气低语道。帕克没一点儿迟疑。“我就去，”他说着，把两支手枪揣进口袋。

Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave market.Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding.Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom.Now, by day, Parker worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley.By night he was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters.In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.20年前，即19世纪20年代，生来即为黑奴的帕克才8岁就被从母亲身边带走，被迫拖着镣铐从弗吉尼亚走到阿拉巴马，在那里的黑奴市场被买走。他打定主意有朝一日要过自由的生活，便设法学会了铸铁这门手艺。后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。现在，帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家铸铁厂干活。到了晚上，他就成了地下铁路的一位“乘务员”，帮助人们避开追捕逃亡黑奴的人。在他正前往的肯塔基州，当局悬赏1000美元抓他，活人死尸都要。

Crossing the Ohio River on that chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.“Get your bundles and follow me, ” he told them, leading the eight men and two women toward the river.They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.在那个阴冷的夜晚，帕克渡过俄亥俄河，找到了十个丧魂落魄的逃亡者。“拿好包裹跟我走，”他一边吩咐他们，一边带着这八男二女朝河边走去。就要到岸时，一个巡夜人发现了他们，急忙跑开去报告。

Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it.There was room for all but two.As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.帕克看见一条小船，便大喝一声，把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船。大家都上了船，但有两个人容不下。小船徐徐驶向对岸，帕克眼睁睁地看着追捕者把他被迫留下的两个男人围住。

The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station” on the Underground Railroad--the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada.Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety.其他的人都上了岸，帕克急忙安排了一辆车把他们带到地下铁路的下一“站”――他们走向安全的加拿大之旅的第一程。约翰·帕克在有生之年一共带领400多名黑奴走向安全之地。

While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, explained, “The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.”

黑人去当乘务员常常是由于本人痛苦的经历，而那些白人则往往是受了宗教信仰的感召。在北卡罗来纳州长大的贵格会教徒利瓦伊·科芬解释说：“《圣经》上只是要我们给饥者以食物，无衣者以衣衫，但没提到过肤色的事。”

In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport(now Fountain City), Indiana, where he opened a store.Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home.At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg of their journey.Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central

Terminal of the Underground Railroad.在19世纪20年代，科芬向西迁移前往印第安纳州的新港（即今天的喷泉市），在那里开了一家小店。人们传说，逃亡黑奴在科芬家总是能得到庇护。有时他一次庇护的逃亡者就多达17人，他还备有一组人员和车辆把他们送往下一段行程。到后来有三条主要路线在科芬家汇合，科芬家成了地下铁路的中央车站。

For his efforts, Coffin received frequent death threats and warnings that his store and home would be burned.Nearly every conductor faced similar risks--or worse.In the North, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping.In the Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years in jail.One courageous Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where he kept a log of his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip.科芬经常由于他做的工作受到被杀的威胁，收到焚毁他店铺和住宅的警告。几乎每一个乘务员都面临类似的危险――或者更为严重。在北方，治安官会对帮助逃亡的人课以罚金，或判以短期监禁。在南方各州，白人则被判处几个月甚至几年的监禁。一位勇敢的循道宗牧师卡尔文·费尔班克在肯塔基州被关押了17年多，他记录了自己遭受毒打的情况：总共被鞭笞了35,105下。

As for the slaves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country, where they were usually easy to recognize.With no road signs and few maps, they had to put their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret signs--nails driven into trees, for example--that conductors used to mark the route north.至于那些黑奴，逃亡意味着数百英里的长途跋涉，意味着穿越自己极易被人辨认的陌生地域。没有路标，也几乎没有线路图，他们赶路全凭着口口相告的路线以及秘密记号――比如树上钉着的钉子――是乘务员用来标示北上路线的记号。

Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white powder.Quakers often dressed their “passengers,” both male and female, in gray dresses, deep bonnets and full veils.On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he disguised them as a funeral procession.许多黑奴在夜色掩护下赶路，有时脸上涂着厚厚的白粉。贵格会教徒经常让他们的“乘客”不分男女穿上灰衣服，戴上深沿帽，披着把头部完全遮盖住的面纱。有一次，利瓦伊·科芬运送的逃亡黑奴实在太多，他就把他们装扮成出殡队伍。

Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives.Slavery had been abolished there in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged

the runaways to settle their vast virgin land.Among them was Josiah Henson.加拿大是许多逃亡者的首选终点站。那儿1833年就废除了奴隶制，加拿大当局鼓励逃亡奴隶在其广阔的未经开垦的土地上定居。其中就有乔赛亚·亨森。

As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers, and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her.Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner's regard.还是孩子的亨森在马里兰州目睹着全家人被卖给不同的主人，看到母亲为了想把自己留在她身边而遭受毒打。亨森非常认命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。

Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children to a brother in Kentucky.After laboring there for several years, Henson heard alarming news: the new master was planning to sell him for plantation work far away in the Deep South.The slave would be separated forever from his family.经济困顿最终迫使亨森的主人将他及其妻儿送到主人在肯塔基州的一个兄弟处。在那儿干了几年苦工之后，亨森听说了一个可怕的消息：新主人准备把他卖到遥远的南方腹地去农庄干活。这名奴隶

将与自己的家人永远分离。

There was only one answer: flight.“I knew the North Star,” Henson wrote years later.“Like the star of Bethlehem, it announced where my salvation lay.”

只有一条路可走：逃亡。“我会认北斗星，”许多年后亨森写道。“就像圣地伯利恒的救星一样，它告诉我在哪里可以获救。”

At huge risk, Henson and his wife set off with their four children.Two weeks later, starving and exhausted, the family reached Cincinnati, where they made contact with members of the Underground Railroad.“Carefully they provided for our welfare, and then they set us thirty miles on our way by wagon.”

亨森和妻子冒着极大的风险带着四个孩子上路了。两个星期之后，饥饿疲惫的一家人来到了辛辛那提州，在那儿，他们与地下铁路的成员取得了联系。“他们为我们提供了食宿，非常关心，接着又用车送了我们30英里。”

The Hensons continued north, arriving at last in Buffalo, N.Y.There a friendly captain pointed across the Niagara River.“'Do you see those trees?' he said.'They grow on free soil.'” He gave Henson a dollar and arranged for a boat, which carried the slave and his family across the

river to Canada.亨森一家继续往北走，最后来到纽约州的布法罗。在那儿，一位友善的船长指着尼亚加拉河对岸。“‘看见那些树没有？’他说，‘它们生长在自由的土地上。’”他给了亨森一美元钱，安排了一条小船，小船载着这位黑奴及其家人过河来到加拿大。

“I threw myself on the ground, rolled in the sand and danced around, till, in the eyes of several who were present, I passed for a madman.'He's some crazy fellow,' said a Colonel Warren.”

“我扑倒在地，在沙土里打滚，手舞足蹈，最后，在场的那几个人都认定我是疯子。‘他是个疯子，’有个沃伦上校说。”

“'Oh, no!Don't you know? I'm free!'”

“‘不，不是的！知道吗？我自由了！’”

Jesse Jackson, a well-known leader of black Americans, reviews the progress they have made in recent years.Despite this, he argues, there is still much left to be done before they enjoy full equality.著名美国黑人领袖杰西·杰克逊回顾了近几年来民权运动所取得的成就。成绩固然不少，但他指出，要享受完全的平等权利，仍有许多工作要做。

unit 3 The Land of the Lock

Years ago in America, it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night.In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their possessions.许多年前，在美国，家家户户白天黑夜不锁门是司空见惯的。在本文中，格林叹惜人们不再相互信任，不得不凭借精密的安全设备来保护自己和财产。

The Land of the Lock Bob Greene

In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night.I don't know if that was a local term or if it is universal;“on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked.None of us carried keys;the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it.锁之国 鲍伯·格林

小时候在家里，我们的前门总是夜不落锁。我不知道这是当地的一种说法还是大家都这么说；“不落锁”的意思是掩上门，但不锁住。我们谁都不带钥匙；晚上最后一个回家的人把门关上，这就行了。

Those days are over.In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.那样的日子已经一去不复返了。在乡下，在城里，门不再关着不锁上，哪怕是傍晚一段时间也不例外。

Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets.Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities.At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over.在许多方面，郊区和农村甚至比巡查严密的城市街道更易受到攻击。统计显示，那些据称是安宁的地区的犯罪率上升得比城镇更为显著。不管怎么说，前门虚掩不落锁的时代是一去不复返了。

It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm.Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their

patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。

It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全机构或某个保安公司负责监管。

The lock is the new symbol of America.Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.锁成了美国的新的象征。的确，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今无所不在的挂锁。

The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the

psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?

广告指出，没错，确是保险公司理赔失窃物品，但谁来赔偿互不信任、担心害怕这种新氛围对我们的生活方式所造成的影响呢？谁来对美国从自由之国到锁之国这一蜕变作出精神赔偿呢？

For that is what has happened.We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean.因为那就是现状。我们已经变得如此习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新氛围的影响，如此习惯于设置障碍，因而无暇考虑这一切意味着什么。

For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected;it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives?

出于某种原因，当我们觉得防范周密时就感到心满意足；我们没有问过自己：为什么会出现这种情况？为什么非得把自己与邻居和同住一城的居民相隔绝，这一切究竟是从什么时候开始主宰我们生活 的？

And it has taken over.If you work for a medium-to large-size company, chances are that you don't just wander in and out of work.You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work.Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys.”

这一切确是主宰了我们的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好随意进出。你可能随身带着某种出入卡，电子的或别的什么的，因为这卡能让你进出工作场所。也许前台的保安认识你这张脸，平日一挥手让你进去，但事实明摆着，你所任职的公司深感面临威胁，因此要借助这些“钥匙”不让外人靠近。

It wasn't always like this.Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access.It simply didn't occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.这一现象并非向来有之。即使在十年前，大多数私营公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那时管理人员根本没想到过恰当的手段是不信任他人。

Look at the airports.Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land and take off.That's all gone.Airports are no longer a place of education and fun;they are the most sophisticated of security sites.且看各地机场。过去家长常常带孩子去登机口看飞机起飞降落。这种事再也没有了。机场不再是一个有趣的学习场所；它们成了拥有最精密的安全检查系统的场所。

With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay;it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance;the machines, and what they stand for, have won.凭借着电子透视装置，我们似乎终于想出妙计让恐怖分子无法近身，无论是真的恐怖分子还是凭空臆想的。能解决这一问题真是如释重负，于是我们不去多想这种状况对我们的生活质量意味着什么。如今我们走过这些电子搜查器时已经看都不看一眼了，这些装置，还有它们所代表的一切已经获胜。

Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light;we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow.我们的居住区处在强光源的照射下；我们连哪怕像阴影这样小小的享受也不想给自己。

Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller's voice.The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies.越来越多的商人正购置连接在电话机上、能剖析来电者声音的新机器。据说那种机器能让商人知道他的朋友或客户是否在撒谎，其出错概率很小。

All this is being done in the name of “security”;that is what we tell ourselves.We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.所有这一切都是以“安全”的名义实施的：我们是这么跟自己说的。我们害怕，于是我们设法把害怕锁在外面，我们认定，那就是安全的意义。

But no;with all this “security,” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man.What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time?

其实不然；我们虽然有了这一切安全措施，但我们或许是人类文明史上最不安全的国民。还有什么更好的字眼能用来描述我们被迫选择的生活方式呢？还有什么更为可悲地表明我们在这个令人困惑的新时代所感受到的惶恐之情呢？

We trust no one.Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains.We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves.We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.我们不信任任何人。郊区的家庭主妇在客货两用车钥匙链上挂着防强暴口哨。我们在自我防卫方面变得如此聪明，最终聪明反被聪明误。我们或许是把邪恶锁在了门外，但在这么做的同时我们把自己锁在里边了。

That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves.All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.那也许是我们将来回顾这一时代时记得最牢的精神遗产：在对付我们中间无形的恐惧之时，我们成了自己的囚徒。在我们这个问题重重的时代，所有的人都是囚徒。

Many people in America own handguns.Some, like Gail Buchalter, buy a gun for self-defense.Others, like her friends, refuse to do so because they think that guns cause more problems than they solve.Gail used to share her friends' views, but eventually changed her mind.Read what she has to say and decide whether she made the right choice.在美国，许多人拥有手枪。有人为了自卫买枪，如盖尔·巴卡尔特。另外一些人则拒绝这么做，比如她的许多朋友，因为他们认为，枪支引发的问题比解决的更多。以前盖尔与她的朋友们持有相同的观点，但后来她改变了看法。读一读她所说的一切，并判定她的选择是否明智。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.写三封感谢信 亚利克斯·黑利

那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在垫过的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人一样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of

open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的事什么――某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个字前后颠倒一下――那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表达谢意――就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我脑子里仍一直盘桓着这事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际――要感谢他人，那些赐我以诸多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一切受之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I

pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人难过的是，我意识到，他们中有一半已经过世了――因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自对我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅·帕尔默；以及我的文法学校校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔·纳尔逊牧师。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done

for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是这样开头的：“出海在外度过的这个感恩节，令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我从来没有对您说过自己是多么想感谢您――”我简短回忆了各位为我所做的具体事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始乡村小学的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷的影响。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃到她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡觉前，我的这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我们卸了货，又装了其它物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然这是我们视为最紧要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每当船上的喇叭响起：“大伙听好！邮件点名！”200名左右的水兵就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把信，大声念收信水手的名字，叫到的人从人群当中挤出，一边应道：“来了，来了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“邮件点名”带给我外祖母，爸爸，以及纳尔逊牧师的回信――我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们向我致谢，天哪，就因为我记得，就因为我认为他们做了不同寻常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他对我写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，” 他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪――从前是她给我换尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的话来说，“我们究其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had

this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我还有别的祝愿――这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春节那样，散居各处的美国人到感恩节就回家团聚。埃伦·古德曼在等待着子女回家的同时，思索着当子女长大离家，常常在远方定居之后，父母与子女关系的不断变化。

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱

什么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真的就无可奈何了吗？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片叶子 欧·亨利

在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州，一位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了这个两人画室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的

隐形客闯入了这一地区，用它冰冷的手指东碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，只能隔着小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏来到过道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有什么心事吗？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“画画？――得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的――比如

说，一个男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得――可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数

着数――倒数着数！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10”和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎一口同时数下来。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢？外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，约翰西数着，声音几乎听不出来。“现在叶子掉落得快

多了。三天前差不多还有100片。数得我头都疼。可现在容易了。又掉了一片。这下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，亲爱的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“叶子。常青藤上的叶子。等最后一片叶子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道会这样。大夫没跟你说吗？”

”Oh, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我从没听说过这种胡说八道。常青藤叶子跟你病好不好有什么关系？别这么傻。对了，大夫上午跟我说，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些汤，让苏迪给她生病的孩子去买些波尔图葡萄酒来。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去买酒了，”约翰西说道，两眼一直盯着窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝汤。这一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片叶子掉落。那时我也就跟着走了。我都等腻了。也想腻了。我只想撇开一切, 飘然而去，就像那边一片可怜的疲倦的叶子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”苏说。“我得叫贝尔曼上楼来给我当老矿工模特儿。我去去就来。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded

himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes."

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有这么愚蠢的人，因为树叶从藤上掉落就要去死？我听都没听说过这等事。你怎么让这种傻念头钻到她那个怪脑袋里？天哪！这不是一个像约翰西小姐这样的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要画一幅巨作，那时候我们就离开这里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.两人上了楼，约翰西已经睡着了。苏放下窗帘，示意贝尔曼去另一个房间。在那儿两人惶惶不安地凝视着窗外的常青藤。接着两人