从女性主义角度解析简爱与德伯家的苔丝之开题报告

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第一篇:从女性主义角度解析简爱与德伯家的苔丝之开题报告

Applicant`s name: Ⅰ.Title:

Reading from Feminism Perspective Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles Ⅱ.Abstract: ⒈Research question Jane Eyre and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two typical novels of the Victorian era, both of them proclaim the consciousness of independence and resistance of women who have lower social status.This article starts from the situation of women and development of feminism at that time and analyze the two novels from the perspective of feminism.⒉Rationale for the study In the Victorian era, man was still holding the dominant position.Women don`t have equal rights with man.For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right.Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote.Taking care of children and husband are their only duty.The writers reveal the living situation of women through the characters in their novels.What`s more, as the awakening of female consciousness and development of feminism, the characters are granted the features of independence and resistance.⒊Methodology In this paper I firstly use standardized research to outline the theory in this study.This method will be based on secondary research which source will be the research published in various journals and management publications.⑴Advantages of Secondary Research The most important factor determining me to use the secondary data is that it is easy to do and helps to save time.My research dissertation has to be completed within four months, which implies constraints from the time, and some other factors.Furthermore, the verification process is more rapid and the reliability of the information and conclusion is greatly enhanced.⑵Disadvantages of Secondary Research

Although secondary data collection is very useful for us to collect the existing information, the information collected through this method may be incomplete.Using this technique requires people to be quite clear about what they are looking for and the technique is restricted to the materials that already exist.It is not a flexible way to collect materials.If you are not clear about what you are looking for, you may spend much time but not collect the materials you need.So this method of documentation should be used base on the assumption that you have the clear objective about what kind of materials you want to collect.And the data and information that you want to collect through this method must be the real and existing information available in the market.So this method just can help to collect the past and historic information and can not collect the in-depth information.Ⅲ.Procedure: Firstly, Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy have been read.I am familiar with the characters in the novels, their image, their features and their families.Secondly, I will read some books record the history of the Victorian era to realize the living condition of women.Moreover, I want to know the social background and what the authors want to reflect of the society.Lastly, I will read literature about feminism, such as the source of it and its development in the 19th century.Then I will on the perspective of this theory to analyze expression of feminism in the novels.Above all, I can use library method to do the theoretical outline of this dissertation.Some journals and articles from internet will be read.Ⅳ.Timetable To decide a topic

November, 2013 Collect secondary materials and review of literatures

December, 2013 Complete a research proposal

December, 2013 Write up results and conclusion

January, 2014 First draft of project report completed

January, 2014 Second draft of project report completed

February, 2014 Third draft of project report completed

April, 2014 Final writing of project report

April, 2014 Ⅴ.Introduction: ⒈Purpose of the study The main purpose of this research is to analyze the feminism in the two novels, one aspect is their spirit of resistance, another aspect is their perception of love which shaped by their independent personality.Comprehending the social background of the novels and the development of feminism in Victorian era is the first task.⒉Importance

Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two famous works with the profound history of imprinting, we regard them as canons until now.The novels are worth being studied because their literary value and historical value.In the Victorian era women did not want to be limited by children and families, they eager to have jobs, social status, and even political rights same with man.From the perspective of feminism, the novels show awaking of women`s consciousness.That time and those novels help to feminism study all over the literature.⒊Major issues and sub-problems This study seeks to study

1.The expression of feminism in Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles, including the independent personalities, what did the characters do when they trapped in dilemma, their perception of love.2.The living conditions, social status and rights of women in Victorian era 3.The source of feminism and developing process in that era ⒋Delimitation and boundaries

1.Do the research from the perspective of feminism 2.Just analyze the two novels,Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles 3.State the living condition of women only in Victorian era Ⅵ.Key concepts

⒈Victorian era(social status of women, literature)

Man in Victorian era thinks that women are in inferior position , even the most famous poet and great leader of that time also have the same thought.Women are appreciated because they are obedient to their husband.Women don`t have equal rights with man.For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right.Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote.Some great novelists try to reflect the true life of the public from different aspects at that time.Meanwhile, they carry the duty of criticizing the society and defending interest of people.Their novels with the same feature, they care about life and fate of general people, they show their anger for the poverty and injustice.The most vital thing is that they wake up the consciousness of social problem and development from the public.Their works truly reflects the reality and spirit of that era.⒉Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a representative work with autobiographical color of Charlotte Bronte.Jane Eyre was an orphan of poor clerical family.This young girl was placed in foster care with her aunt and uncle.However, Jane`s uncle passed away, she suffered ill-treat and bear discrimination from her aunt and cousins in decade.Later, she was sent to the ROM.Wood orphanage, where children had hard life and died in their bed.In that school, her best friend Helen passed away.Then the condition was improved, Jane got education for 6 years.As the leaving of her teacher---Miss temple Bohr,she left the school.Finally, she found a job in Thornfield manor as a tutor.Gradually, Jane fall in love with the host Mr Rochester.However, someone came to testify Mr Rochester had got married with the mad woman locked in the third floor of the abbey 15 years ago.They were separated by law in pain.Jane left the abbey and led a vagrant life.A priest St.John, her cousin took her in and gave her a job as a teacher in a school.Later, they got legacy left by Jane`s uncle.John proposed to Jane for a reason she fit to be a wife of priest.Jane refused him and went to visit Mr Rochester.However, she found the abbey became a total ruin.The mad woman died after falling from the building.Mr.Rochester lost an arm and eye for saving his mad wife.Finally, Jane Eyre got married with him and they had happy life.⒊Tess

Tess`s father is a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious D`Urbervilles family or maybe not.He send Tess to check on a family named D`Urbervilles living in a manor house less than a day`s carriage ride away.Alec is delighted to meet this beautiful “cousin”.Then, Alec falls in love with Tess and rapes her.She leaves the family and back to home, she finds she is pregnant.She is laughed and discriminated.After the baby dies, she begins work as milkmaid, there she meets her true love Angel Clare.They fall in love, but Angle does n`t learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night and rejects her.Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, but poverty forces her to resume their relationship.Angle returns from traveling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec.Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angle.They spend one night of happiness together before she is arrested and hung.⒋British Feminist Literary Criticism

British Feminist Literary Criticism has a long history.The most famous work is A Vindication of the Rights of Women written by Mary Wollstonecraft, published in the 1792.She holds the opinion that the educational degree of women should match their social status.She asserts women should be given the same social rights like men, rather than are treated as the subsidiaries of society or a part of family property.Her opinion of feminist criticism is carried on by people in 19th century and 20th century.For instance, some outstanding writers, Jane Austin, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot, they express feminist feelings through characters in their novels.British feminism is divided into three groups: Liberal Feminism, Social feminism(Marxist feminism)and Radical Feminism.In the Victoriann era the liberal feminism which purpose is erasing the social distinction in law, politics, employment and other social fields of life via legal reform is the main trend.In the 20th Virginia Woolf gets the greatest achievement in the British feminist literary criticism because she puts forward the female economic independence consciousness.She pointed out economic independence has closed connection with education, privation of women restrict development of education.The second high tide of British feminism is motivate by a work Women`s Two Roles written by Viola Klein and Alva Myrdal in 1956.They think female should integrate family with work, elevate economic status so that they can get ride of the subordinate position in society.Ⅶ.Literature review [1]Charlotte Bronte(2003)Jane Eyre Shanghai:World Publishing Corporation [2]Thomas Hardy(2008)Tess of the D`Urbervilles Beijing:Foreign Languages Press

[3]Clayton Roberts.David Roberts.Douglas R Bisson(2002)A History of England, VolumeⅡ:1688 to the Present 4th ed.London:Pearson Education.Inc.[4]Martha Licinus(1980)Suffer and Be Still Women in the Victorian Age Bloomington:Indiana University Press

[5]Virginia Woolf(2003)On Novels and Novelist Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House [6]Elain Showalter(2005)A Literature of Their Own Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press [7]Charles E.Bressler(2004)Literary Criticism:An Introduction to Theory and Practice Beijing:Higher Education Education Press [8]Dale Kramer(2000)The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press [9]张京媛.当代女性主义文学批评.北京大学出版社,1992 [10]王卫新,隋晓获.英国文学批评史.上海外语教育出版社,2012 [11]杨静远.勃朗特姐妹研究.中国社会科学出版社,1983 [12]张载中.托马斯-哈代——思想与创作.外语教学与研究出版社,1983

第二篇:从生态女性主义视角探析《德伯家的苔丝》

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195 西方影视作品中的美国婚俗研究

196 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析 197 英文电影片名汉译策略研究

198 论《飘》与《傲慢与偏见》中女性追求幸福的不同方式

199 托马斯哈代与张爱玲作品中女性悲剧命运对比研究——以苔丝和顾曼桢为例

200 A General Analysis of Mr.Xu Yuanzhong’s Translation Art of Language Variation in Classic Poems

第三篇:从自然主义角度分析《德伯家的苔丝》

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文,都是近期写作 浅析欧洲中世纪骑士和中国侠士精神的差异─西欧中世纪初期骑士和中国秦汉游侠 2 对中国英语语言教学中进行跨文化意识培养的研究 十九世纪英国女性小说中的两位灰姑娘——伊利莎白•班纳特和简•爱形象比较 4 商务英语信函中礼貌策略初探 5 中英日委婉语语言特征 论《睡谷传奇》中的幽默元素 从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变 8 中医文化翻译中的归化和异化 9 译者主体性观照下的中文菜名英译 从产品说明书的英译错误分析探讨其翻译策略 11 《哈姆雷特》与《夜宴》中人物塑造的比较研究 12 高低语境交流模式对国际商务谈判模式的影响 论杜鲁门•卡波特《蒂凡尼的早餐》中霍莉的漂泊人生 14 英语幽默中会话含义的语用分析 15 《喧嚣与骚动》的创作技巧研究 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中汤姆的性格分析 17 A Study of Nonverbal Communication 18 从目的论角度研究中式菜名英译(开题报告+论文)19 《蝇王》中神话元素的象征意义 20 浅析海明威文学作品中的女性形象 21 口译中的停顿原因分析及处理 《大学英语》听力理解中的石化现象与对策 Pragmatic Differences of Politeness in Intercultural Communication Between English and Chinese 24 《圣经<箴言>》的修辞分析 25 论英语自然地理术语的汉译 26 苔丝形象浅析 《了不起的盖茨比》中象征主义的研究 构建和谐社会——以美籍黑人的种族歧视为例 29 论《呼啸山庄》中两代人之间不同的爱情观 30 新闻报道的倾向性分析——语言学视角 31 论海勒《第二十二条军规》小人物生存模式

An Analysis of Key Elements of Cross-cultural Business Negotiation 33 解析《宠儿》的象征意义

论奥斯卡王尔德唯美主义童话中的批判精神 35 论中学英语学习策略

论世纪年代以来美国文化冲击对中国青少年的影响及教育策略改革的应对措施 37 论《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的自我矛盾及其成因

A Comparative Analysis of English Vocabulary Teaching between China and America at the Primary and Secondary School Level 39 谈中国唐诗中数字的翻译

浅谈中西方价值观差异及对商务谈判的影响

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 42 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用

Elements on the Growth of Mary in The Secret Garden 44

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 46 狄更斯小说《远大前程》中的批判现实主义特点解读 47 《宠儿》中的女性形象分析

行为因素对翻译质量的影响——张召忠教授译著病因浅析 49 英文电影对白中俚语的翻译

素质教育下农村小学英语现状初探--以某县为例 51 许渊冲的诗歌翻译理论与实践 52 英语体育新闻的翻译

从《喜福会》中西文化的冲突与融合中看身份的寻求 54 浅析肯德基在中国的本土化策略

浅析霍桑罪恶观在《拉帕西尼的女儿》中的体现 56 埃德加•爱伦•坡短篇小说的语言特色分析 57 从心理学角度试析简爱性格的对立性

A Comparative Study of “Two Roses” in Wuthering Heights--Catherine Earnshaw and Catherine Linton 59 新闻标题中的对话性

从违反合作原则看英语广告语言 61 解析《宠儿》的象征意义

从《简•爱》与《藻海无边》看女性话语权的缺失

A Study on the Translation of News Headlines from English Into Chinese 64 从生态批评的视角看《远离尘嚣》的生态悖论 65 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 66 解析《喜福会》中的母女关系

On Nabokov’s “Lolita” and Its Adaptation into the Movie by Stanley Kubrick 68 英语委婉语的认知分析

A Cognitive Analysis of Container Metaphors 70 探讨发现式学习理论在高中任务型英语听力教学中的运用 71 与身体器官有关的中英文习语对比研究 72 观电影《刮痧》简析中西文化价值冲突 73 政府工作报告中衔接手段对比及翻译

浅析田纳西•威廉斯剧作《欲望号街车》的同性恋倾向 75 从功能对等理论角度看校训的汉英翻译原则 76 高中英语写作前口语活动设计与实施建议

The Analysis of Promotion Strategy of L’Oréal in China 78 论《简爱》中伯莎﹒梅森的象征意蕴和影响 79 从海明威的死亡哲学看麦康伯的死亡 80 视觉文化在英语词汇学习中的应用

从《丧钟为谁而鸣》看海明威死亡情节成因 82 浅析汉英翻译中中式英语的现象 83 关于战争对英语习语的影响的研究

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

功能对等理论视角下《越狱》字幕翻译的研究 85 词义的选择和商务英语的汉译

以《最后一片叶子》为例论欧亨利的创作风格

从玛丽沃斯通克拉夫特的女性主义观点看《傲慢与偏见》的女性形象塑造 88 裘德悲剧成因的分析

《飘》中斯嘉丽的生活态度

不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译

从《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《牡丹亭》看中西方古典文学中的性别歧视 92 从中西文化差异对英语口语教学的探讨

目的论下的修辞手法翻译:以《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》两个汉语译本为例 94 从《阿甘正传》看美国梦的追求和幻灭 95 山寨文化的反思——发展与创新

The Analysis of Feminism in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights 97 On the Disposal of Cultural Differences in the Translation 98 托尼•莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》佩克拉的悲剧成因研究 99 论《苔丝》中女性意识与社会现实之间的冲突 100 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》的主要人物性格 101 非言语交际对演讲的影响

从中美文化看家庭教育的差异

冰与火具有毁灭生命的同等威力——《呼啸山庄》主题探讨

A Brief Study of the Impact of Affective Factors on English Teaching in Middle School 105 导入艺术在培养初中生英语学习兴趣中的运用 106 从跨文化交际层面谈口译译者能力的提高 107 <<罗伯特家的苔丝>>中动植物的作用

Modern Views on Marriages in Wuthering Heights 109 《雾都孤儿》中的批判现实主义

论非言语交际行为与外语教师素质的关系 111 《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》:哈克和吉姆的性格对他们关系的影响分析

A Brief Analysis of the Auspicious Culture in the Wedding Custom Between China and Western Countries 113 小议非英语专业大学生英语口语能力的培养 114 交际法在初中英语教学中的运用

场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究 116 从接受美学角度看中英旅游文本的翻译 117 八十年代以来汉语中英语外来语及翻译 118 英语委婉语的表达模式和应用 119 浅析唐诗翻译的难点和策略

英文商业广告中的常用修辞格--以《商业周刊》为例 121 英汉称谓语中的文化差异

商业意识对美国电影片名翻译的影响

试论商务英语与普通英语的异同——商务英语书面语的特点 124 浅析好莱坞英雄主义中的传统英雄和反英雄形象 125 从禁忌语看中西方文化异同

论色彩在《红字》中的运用与艺术效果

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语

《荆棘鸟》中主要女主人公爱情观比较 129 合作学习理论在中学英语课堂中的应用 130 跨文化交际下的中英文禁忌语的对比研究 131 简析比喻在《围城》中的运用 132 叶芝诗歌中的象征主义手法

从传统节日庆祝方式的角度比较中英文化差异 134 从文化角度看林语堂的《吾国与吾民》

从电影《七宗罪》看‘七宗罪’与基督教传统的关系 136 英汉动物习语内涵意义的文化差异 137 从《嘉莉妹妹》看本性与理性的斗争

从《简•爱》与《藻海无边》看女性话语权的缺失

中美文学作品中乌鸦意象的对比——以爱伦坡“乌鸦”与唐诗宋词为例 140 从接受美学角度分析企业简介汉英翻译 141 《威尼斯商人》的新历史主义解读 142 论《隐形人》中的象征主义

浅析《贫民窟的百万富翁》中的宿命论色彩 144 从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能 145 The Environmental Influence on Emily Brontë and “Wuthering Heights” 146 A Comparative Study of the Translation of Puns in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 147 浅析凯特肖邦短篇小说中的女性意识

《德拉库拉》中病态感情和正常感情的对比和碰撞 149 用言语行为理论分析奥巴马推定总统候选人演讲

A Comparative Study of Refusal in Chinese and American Cultures 151 《希腊古瓮颂》中的艺术和永恒之美

152 Feminine Consciousness in Wives and Daughters and North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell 153 美国黑人英语的句法特征

154 论密西西比河对马克吐温和《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的影响 155 An Analysis of Racism in Of Mice and Men 156 《吉檀迦利》中的泛神论思想

157 Contrariety of William Blake--Image Analysis of Songs of Innocence and of Experience 158 肢体语言在商务谈判中的应用与作用 159 初中英语课堂教学的任务型活动设计

160 莎士比亚《仲夏夜之梦》中的女性人物性格分析 161 浅析科技英语翻译中的逻辑错误

162 A Glimpse of Intercultural Marriage between China and Western Countries 163 试析《啊,拓荒者》中的生态伦理观

164 从《马拉喀什》和《射象》看乔治•奥威尔散文的艺术风格 165 《林湖重游》中的静态美分析

166 显现的被动•隐现的自我——《看不见的人》中被动语态的身份建构功能研究 167 浅析《雾都孤儿》中的现实主义 168 Irony Art in Orwell’s Animal Farm 169 中法餐桌文化对比

170 丧钟为谁而鸣中的罗伯特形象

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

171 对《愤怒的葡萄》中圣经原型的分析 172 希腊神话对英语词汇的影响

173 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析 174 从古至今的吸血鬼文化

175 斯嘉丽与艾米丽不同人生态度与命运--从父亲形象角度分析《飘》和《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》

176 英语课堂中的教师提问策略

177 《傲慢与偏见》中话语标记语的语用推理研究 178 网络微博语言特征

179 《织工马南》中的因果关系说

180 Charlotte Bronte’s Concept of Marriage--Comment on Jane Eyre from angle of true love 181 从生态女性主义的角度解读《喜福会》

182 《最蓝的眼睛》和《宠儿》中黑人女性的悲剧根源 183 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 184 从跨文化交际视角看幽默的言语机制和翻译 185 被忽视的主人公——析《简爱》中的疯女人 186 从《爱玛》看简•奥斯丁的爱情观 187 英语电影对白汉译

188 A Comparative Study of Politeness Expressions in English and Chinese 189 不伦,还是不朽?--从柏拉图的哲学理论视角解读《洛丽塔》 190 老纽约下的女性悲剧——对《纯真年代》中两位女性的分析 191 林语堂《京华烟云》中女性推崇观探究

192 Hawthorne’s Religious Notion: an Analysis of The Scarlet Letter 193 广告中的视觉隐喻及其解读

194 从《纯真年代》中的女性角色看伊迪斯华顿的女性意识 195 福克纳《喧哗与骚动》中的悲剧形象 196 On the Chinese Loanwords from English 197 中学生英语阅读语义障碍和其教学应对策略 198 英文姓名的起源和文化内涵

199 浅析中西文化数字含义的差异与原因 200 On Carl’s Personality in Titanic

第四篇:《德伯家的苔丝》的生态女性主义解读

《德伯家的苔丝》的生态女性主义解读

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家哈代在1891年创作的一部长篇小说,生活的窘迫、男权的压迫、命运的阴差阳错等因素造就了苔丝最后的悲剧人生。本文分别从生态女性主义的人与自然、人与社会两个方面去解读苔丝的悲惨命运。

一、从人与自然的角度解读苔丝的悲惨命运

人与自然有着密不可分的关系,而女性因为其有着生理期、孕育子女等的循环和周期性又与大地孕育世间万物的过程有一种相连性,体现出一定的自然法则。因此,哈代在创作中渗透了其对自然和女性关系的独到见解,认为女人和大自然是命运共同体,二者相互依存、密不可分。

首先,在哈代的眼中苔丝是大自然的女儿。苔丝生于环境优美、民风淳朴的马勒村,并且场景的一开始许多女孩穿着白色的纱裙在绿油油的草坪上、在美妙的音乐声中载歌载舞,也是在这里其邂逅了一世的美好――安吉尔,到目前为止,一切看起来都是那么的纯粹、美好,就跟女主人公一样纯净、质朴。而在大乳牛场谷这个远离城市喧嚣的净土上,天空清新爽利,河流清澈见底,苔丝再一次遇见了其美好,爱情也就在此地诞生。不幸的是,苔丝还是在桑德伯恩这个地方失去生命,这里的天空一片阴霾,到处都透露出一股低气压,这是一个被工业革命侵蚀的地方,苔丝也是在这个远离大自然的地方失去了宝贵的生命。这充分说明苔丝是大自然的女儿,没有了大自然的庇护,其就会走向毁灭,并最终回归自然。

其次,在哈代的眼中,苔丝的命运类似于大自然的四季更迭。因为苔丝一生中的几次转折都与四季变化的春夏秋冬有着惊人的相似。比如,一开始家里遭遇变故,苔丝不得不在父母的逼迫下去德伯家认亲,发生在春夏交替之际。这个时候的苔丝欢快而纯洁,对外面的世界显得单纯无知,到处弥漫着一种神秘的气氛,就像春天的气息一样充满活力,而又像夏天初开的花朵一样那么娇艳。到了秋天,万物萧条、凋零,苔丝的命运之轮开始转动,因为在这个季节苔丝经历了其一生的噩梦之源――被亚雷诱奸。而到了冬天,其孩子由于各种原因不幸夭折,苔丝完全把自己隐藏起来,躲在家中暗自神伤,就跟冬天的世间万物一样静寂,躲起来冬藏。时间又转到了第二年的春夏之际,苔丝的生命开始复苏――在牛奶厂当挤奶工,虽然辛苦但对生活充满了热忱,并且在夏天迎来了一世的美好,跟克莱相爱了,其爱情就跟夏天的天气一样炙热浓烈,并且在这个冬天修成正果,走入了婚姻的殿堂,但好事多磨,新婚夜苔丝的坦白又把自己打入了无底的深渊,克莱离家出走。

二、从人与社会的角度分析苔丝的悲剧人生

生态女性观普遍认为,女性和自然是一个整体,其遭受的剥削和压迫与世界经济不断发展有着紧密的联系,因而哈代笔下苔丝所处环境和作者自身所处的环境如出一辙,是其对现实环境的迁移和完美写照。

(一)从政治经济的角度进行分析

导致苔丝悲惨命运的根源是经济所迫,如果没有为了家庭生计去攀亲戚,为了生活变好而去亚雷家的养鸡场工作,苔丝就不会遇见对其有异心的亚雷,以后也就不会发生一幕幕悲剧。而就政治的角度来讲,资本主义社会的法治本来就是不公平的,展现的都是一种被剥削、被压迫的社会状态,苔丝无疑是其中的受害人物,因为其被亚雷欺负过后,亚雷仍是逍遥法外、为所欲为,而可怜的苔丝遭受道德的谴责、伦理的批判,使其身心同时受到煎熬。

(二)苔丝当时所处环境的社会文化

文化既可以改变命运,又可以成为精神枷锁。对于当时的社会来说,更多的是后者,因为在当时的西方《圣经》和宗教是最为主要的思想统治武器,甚至人们曾一度认为宗教等同于道德,以此对穷苦大众的思想和行为进行约束,而穷苦人民由于思想上长期洗脑和麻痹,也把宗教中的一切内容??作神旨,宗教成为资产阶级统治和巩固社会地位的强有力工具。而德伯就是典型的披着宗教外衣的伪君子,其利用苔丝的天真、单纯、缺乏社会经验,一步步给苔丝设下圈套,进而诱奸了苔丝,并把这一切的罪过推到苔丝的身上,认为苔丝诱惑了他。更匪夷所思的是,德伯这样的人最后还能摇身一变成为一个牧师,并且进行其诱拐政策,恬不知耻地说普度众生、拯救世人,尤其要把苔丝从苦难中解救出来,何其可笑。而在后面苔丝的“不合作”之后,他又显露出丑恶的嘴脸。哈代以此揭露出资产阶级的本质以及宗教的伪善。

(三)苔丝所处社会的道德观念

虽然苔丝一生的磨难众多,但最致命的打击还是其爱人克莱对其的抛弃。其实,克莱是一个思想特别开明的新时代男性代表,忠于自己的理想,敢于表达自己的怀疑和不满,对等级观念和财富意识淡漠,正因为这样,美丽的苔丝深深地爱上他,但也是这样一个人,在新婚之夜苔丝鼓起勇气跟他坦白一切的时候,抛弃了苔丝,成了剧中伤害苔丝最深的人。归根结底,克莱的内心深处还是保留有最为原始的男权思想和根深蒂固的道德观念,认为贞操是一个女性纯洁的象征。此外,虽然其对身份没有特别明确的要求,但当苔丝告诉他自己是没落贵族的时候,其高兴异常,认为跟苔丝在一起不会再使家里面蒙羞,这从侧面反映出克莱内心对等级观念还是比较

重视的。

三、结语

人活在自然中、社会上就不可能脱离自然、社会而独自存在。因此,哈代对苔丝这一人物形象的塑造,表现出人与自然、人与社会都有着密不可分的关系,其悲剧人生在当时的社会条件下是不可避免的,与哈代对环境的刻画、描写遥相呼应。这部小说一问世,就产生了强烈的反响,引发了社会各界对男女平等、两性和谐等问题的反思。

(宿迁学院)

作者简介:王静姝(1967-),女,江苏南通人,硕士,副教授,研究方向:英语教学论。

第五篇:《德伯家的苔丝》、《简爱》英文梗概

Tess of the D’Urbervilles·Thomas Hardy

In order to lead a better life with less effort, Jack Durbeyfield and his wife persuade their daughter Tess to go to a prosperous family.So Tess leaves her family for the D’Urbervilles.At there, she meets Alec who makes Tess unhappy and tries to possess her.Alec at last manages to have her chastity.Tess gives birth to a baby and soon the baby dies in infancy.To escape there Tess goes to work in a farm where she meets Angel Clare, who is working on different farms to get some experience.He falls in love with Tess.However, Tess refuses to him because of her shameful past.Tess finally agrees to marry angel.Before the wedding, she writes Angel a note telling everything about her past.Angel couldn’t forgive her and leaves her for Brazil.This time Tess works at another farm where she meets Alec again.Alec pursues her again.Tess writes a letter to Angel, begging him to forgive her.But Angel still couldn’t forgive her.Finally Tess goes to Alec.Before long, Angel forgives her.Tess stabs Alec while he is asleep.After spending a few happy days with Angel, she is spotted and hanged._______________________________________________________________________________

Jane Eyre·Charlotte Bronte

Jane Eyre lives in her uncle’s family because her parents were dead when she was a child.After the death of her uncle, Jane is sent to the orphanage Lowood School by her aunt.At there, Jane works very hard.After that, Jane leaves Lowood and finds a position as Rochester’s daughter’s teacher.Rochester has strange temper.After getting along with Rochester, Jane loves him.Before the wedding, Jane is awakened by a strange woman in her room.Later, she knows that the woman is Rochester’s wife.So she leaves Rochester for a remote place.A pastor helps her to find a job of teacher.The pastor also loves her and wants to marry Jane.But Jane still loves Rochester.She rushes to Thornfield, only to find its ruin.Jane finds Rochester a lonely man who lives now at Ferndean.There she stays and later they get married.

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