第一篇：大学英语精读第三版第二册U6教案
Unit 6 The Making of a Surgeon Teaching Time: 8 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1 st year.Teaching Objectives: 1.Understand the growing process of a surgeon from a beginner to a veteran, from being lack of experience to being full of self-confidence.Ensure that students have an idea about self-confidence, critical decision, attitudes toward mistakes, doctor’s growing and professional ethic.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and the required grammar points of the section.Words: anticipate, avoid, bother, bound case, conceited, conclude, confident, constant, critical, dwell, emergency, handle, resolve, responsibilities
Phrases & Expressions: draw to a close, live with, dwell on, bound to, in practice, butterflies in the stomach, open up, in advance, at one time or another, sit on
Grammar: using conjunction of once, sentences expressing logical order , emphatic expression 3.About the reading, Ss should acquire the reading skill — reading for the implied meaning.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —parallelism.5.About the listening, Ss will finish Unit 6 directed by the teacher.Teaching Procedures: I.Pre-reading Activities 1.Introductory remarks:
It goes without saying that everyone wants to become successful.But usually there is a long way to go before one can gain success.This is especially true of a surgeon.What's the key to the making of a surgeon and at what point in time does a doctor finally become a surgeon? In this text, the author, a famous surgeon, tells us the answer from his own experience.Now let's have a careful study of the text.2.Warm-up questions(1)What qualities do you think are essential to a surgeon?(2)What kind of doctor do you like most?(3)Do you want to work as a surgeon? Why or why not? 3.Key words and expressions: 1).conclude: a.arrive at a belief or opinion by reasoning: for example: The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.The judge concluded that the accused was guilty.b.come or bring to an end: for example: The professor concluded his lecture by summing up the main points he had previously mentioned.c.arrange;bring about: for example: The two countries concluded a peace treaty.2).competent:
properly or sufficiently qualified;capable;adequate for the purpose: be competent in one’s work/as a teacher/to do his job.3)particular: a.belonging to some person, thing, or occasion;single and different from others.For example: She has a particular preference for Chinese art.He wasn't watching us at all at that particular moment.b.special;unusual.For example: Particular attention was given to the orphan girl.The particular nature of his job keeps James Bond on guard all the time.c.hard to satisfy.For example: I’m not particular about my clothes;I don't mind what I wear.He is very particular about his food.d.detailed;exact E.g.Give me a full and particular description of what happened.4).constant: a.happening all the time.For example: Headache is her constant complaint.b.remaining the same.For example: Temperature is at a constant 26 degrees in this hotel.c.faithful.For example: He alone remains constant to the quick-tempered musician.5).resolve: a.solve.For example: The dispute was resolved through mediation.To the amazement of all, the little boy resolved the equation in five minutes.b.decide.For example: He resolved that nothing would hold him back.The Party resolved to pay more attention to economic development.c.(n.)sth.that has been decided, decision E.g.On New Year's Day, he made a resolve to go jogging twice a week.6).sound: a.correct;based on good judgment.For example: You can depend on her for a sound judgmentchoice..b.healthy;in good condition.For example: I doubt if he is sound in his mind.Her heart is as sound as a drum.7).handle: a.manage;deal with.For example: A manager must know how to handle his men.b.touch;take up.For example;The stamp collector washes his hand before handling stamps.c.operate;direct;train.For example: After two months5 training, the worker now handles the machine with ease.d.part of a tool, cup, bucket, door, drawer, etc.by which it may be held in the hand.For example: the handlebar of a bicycle;the handle of a cup;a door handle.Hold the handlebar of a bike tightly, you won't fall down.8)anticipate:
a)see beforehand.Examples: Analysts are anticipating a bull market.I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all.A good teacher should anticipate what the students need.b)expect E.g.I anticipate his arrival with much pleasure.9)sole:
one and only;unshared.For example: Drunken driving was the sole cause of the accident.His sole wish is to live an undisturbed life.!0)avoid: escape;keep or get away from.For example: Nurses spoke in a low voice to avoid wakening the patient.For fear of kidnappers, parents tell their children to avoid speaking to strangers in the street.11)bother: a.annoy;trouble.For example I am sorry for bothering you with so many questions.b.worry.For example: There’ ll be some way out.Don’t bother about it.c.worry;trouble.For example: What a lot of bother about nothing!12.making : n.a)the process of a person or thing that makes E.g.The making of the English language is an interesting subject.b)the means or cause of success or great improvement or advancement E.g.Hard work will be the making of you.13.surgeon : n.a)doctor E.g.Many lives have been saved by this famous surgeon.b)surgery :(n.)operation E.g.Cancer usually requires surgery.c)surgical :(adj)E.g.A surgeon always wears a surgical mask in the operation room.14.critical :
a.a)important at a time of danger and difficulty E.g.Heroes emerge at critical moment in history.b)fault-finding E.g.He has written several critical articles on the film.15.case :
n.a)instance of disease or injury E.g.Emergency cases must be treated first.b)actual state of affairs, instance of the occurrence of sth.E.g.Suffering can have beneficial results and certainly I know that was true in my case.c)question to be decided in a law court E.g.The case is still under police investigation.16.draw to a close / an end : come to an end;conclude E.g.The summer vacation in drawing to a close.17.live with : accept(sth unpleasant)E.g.You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you are.18.dwell on / upon : think about , speak or write a lot about E.g.It doesn't do to dwell too much on one's shortcomings.19.be bound to : be certain to E.g.Look at the cloudless sky!It is bound to clear up.20.butterflies on one's stomach : a feeling of fear or anxious E.g.When her turn for the oral test came, she suddenly had butterflies in her stomach.21.in advance : before or ahead of time E.g.There's always a great demand for tickets, you'd better book your seats well in advance.22.sit on :
do nothing about, neglect E.g.It's unfortunate that our director simply sat on our suggestion and did nothing about it.4.Synonym Discrimination 1).treat
cure treat : To accept as a patient, to diagnose illness and to help relieve it cure : to bring back to health, stressing the positive result of medical treatment E.g.The bone fracture in the truck driver's left leg was being carefully treated.Doctors and scientists may discover at any moment now how to cure cancer.2).encounter
meet encounter : more formal word;strongly to imply a casual or unexpected meeting.meet : common word.to see people E.g.He encountered many difficulties an his journey around the world.He promised to meet her at the airport.Ⅱ.While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text(10 mins)2.T explains the text in detail.Lines 1--7 1.Language Points There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon…
(1)
b.What can you conclude about the resident from this paragraph? Paragraph four: 1).Language Points: a.live with: accept(sth.unpleasant).Examples: Most of us don^t like the new regulations, but we have to learn to live with them.You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you were.b.dwell on : think about;speak or write a lot about.Examples: Let bygones he bygones.Don’t dwell so much on the past.The speaker dwelt on that point for more than an hour.c.be bound to : be certain to;be sure to.Examples: You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying.If s hound to rain.Look!The clouds are gathering quickly.2).Questions: a.What does the author mean by ”sleeping was no longer a problem^? b.Why did he have a nice feeling? Paragraph Five: 1).Language Points: a.in practice: while performing my professional skills as a surgeon.“Practice” here means ”exercising or performing the profession of medicine”' i.e., “regular work of a doctor”.b.butterflies in one’s stomach: a feeling of fear or anxiety.Examples: When the young man walked into the office to see headmaster, he had butterflies in his stomach.Whenever he gets up in front of his audience, he has butterflies in his stomach, no matter how many times he does it.c.in advance: ahead of time;beforehand.Examples: You have to pay the rent in advance.e.I’d sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, or compound fractures.: Yd been nervous and filled with anxiety while painstakingly treating the serious injuries that come to every young doctor —— such serious injuries as stab wounds in the abdomen, punctured lungs and compound fractures.2).Questions: a.Why did he mention these three cases? b.When and why didn’t he “sweat” through the operations any more? Paragraph Six: 1).Language Points: a."Nor was I afraid of making mistakes” Inversion should be applied when a negative word is placed at the beginning of a sentence.More examples: Never have I seen such an unreasonable person as him.Seldom does he speak Chinese in English classes.b.When I was out in practice : When I completed my residency period and began to work on my own as a surgeon.c.sit on: neglect;do nothing about.Examples: I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a month.We should not sit on those who need help.d....chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.: it was most likely that no other surgeon could have avoided the same mistake, chances are/were that: it is/was likely that.For example: Chances are that our team will win.2).Questions: a.What kind of mistakes could a surgeon make? b.Are mistakes part of human's life? Paragraph Seven: 1).Language Points: a.conceited: foil of pride in one's powers, abilities, etc.Examples: The conceited actor behaved as if he were the greatest man in the world.The conceited rabbit was beaten by the turtle in their race.b.trying moments: moments that cause severe strain;moments that try one's nerves.For example: I always ask my father for help in trying moments.2).Questions: a.Why does the author use “sounds” and “guess” when he speaks of “conceit”？
b.What is it that a surgeon needs, conceit or self-confidence? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text(10 mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text(5 mins)Ⅲ.Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks 1.Summary Questions(1)What's the making of a surgeon?---It's a long and tough way.Not until he finishes the medical education and the hospital residency.Not until he builds up necessary confidence in himself.(2)What had the author gone through before he became a surgeon?---Emergency situations he encountered at night;the critical decisions he had had to make;the sleepless nights because of worries about his treatment;the experience of sweating through operations;the fear of making mistakes and the transition from doubts and uncertainties to self-confidence.2.Concluding Remarks---Self-confidence is the key to the making of a surgeon.But self-confidence is based on necessary knowledge, skills, experience and expertise.In addition , the sense of responsibility is another quality foe s qualified doctor.All these work ethics are required for professionals in various other fields as well.Ⅳ.Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which arc related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.
第二篇：大学英语精读第二册英语翻译整理
1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处(exit)走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称
职而被解雇了。
2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。
4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。
6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。
7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法。At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。
I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.1)如果富有的国家多花些钱搞绿色工业，而不是去建立军事机器和制造核武器，当今许多广泛存在的污染问题将会逐渐消失。
If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2)烧煤的时候，不仅消耗房子里面的氧气，而且还散发出有毒的气体。
The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3)显然，找到替代能源对我们经济的稳定发展是至关重要的。
Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4)太阳能电池（solar cell）能吸收阳光并把它变成电。Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5)如果地球上的温度继续年复一年地上升，极地的冰帽将会开始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能会消失在劈啪飞溅的海浪下面。
If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6)因为这些生物很小并且常常躲在叶子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看见。
Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7)由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了。
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8)有明显的证据表明工作上的重压与身体的某些毛病有联系。
There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?
8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
第三篇：大学英语精读第三版第二册U4教案
Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo Teaching Time: 8 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.Teaching Objectives: 1.Make students have an idea about the Einstein’s unusual personality whether as a scientist or as an average man.1).Analyze the personal characteristics of Einstein.2).Understand the way of life of Einstein.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: ambition, application, approach, argue, bewilder, capable, correspond, display, exclusively, mainly, fortune, function, immune, impress, modest, observe, present, profound, pursue, puzzle, relatively, series
Phrases & Expressions: at ease, off balance, come to terms with, as far as, mean nothing to, believe in, so much so that, a series of, take apart, work out, capable of, single out Grammar: be made to, that clause 3.About the reading, Ss should acquire the skill—reading beyond lines.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —writing in logical order.5.About the listening, Ss finish Unit 4 directed by the teacher.Teaching Procedures: I.Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information: Einstein & his achievements Introductory remarks: Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time.His ideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world ——science, art, and philosophy.In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy to get along with;he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for material well-being.And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einstein’s, sheds more light on Einstein’s personality both as a scientist and as a man.2.Key words and expressions: 1).modest: a.having, showing, not a too high opinion of one’s merits, abilities, etc.For example: Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b.moderate;not large in size or amount-For example: The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income.2).balance: Useful phrases: keep one's balance;lose one s balance: be in balance;be out of balance;off balance.Special attention: “in the balance”, means 'undecided'.For example: Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows.3)impress:
a)have a strong effect on the mind or feeling of.For example: I was deeply impressed by the scenery there.He impressed me as a modest scholar.My parents impress on me the importance of honesty time and again.b)fix(sth.)deeply or firmly on the mind or memory E.g.His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4)immune:
be immune to: be free from or unaffected by.For example: Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox.It seems to me that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy.5)exclusively:
only;completely.For example: Eton college is an exclusively male public school in Britain.The report is written exclusively for the country's top leaders.6).pursue: v.a)follow, go on steadily with(study or other activity)E.g.He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b)follow in order to catch or do harm to E.g.The policeman pursued the thief.c)
vt.a)cause(sb.)to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointment E.g.Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b)make(plan, effort etc)useless, defeat E.g.The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.10)bitter :
adj.a)filled with anger or hatred E.g.You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b)having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorry E.g.They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c)
with ease;E.g.The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.15).come to terms with:
accept(sth.usually disagreeable)as it is;reach an agreement with.It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that I’ll never be a good writer.It seems that the two sides will never come to terms(with each other).We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.16)as far as:
to the extent that.For example: As far as I know he will be away for three months.He will help you as far as he can.17)so much so that: to such an extent that;so that… For example: He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamed about it.I was worn out, so much so that I thought I would never recover.18)single out:
separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice.All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled out for praise.It is an honour for him to have been singled out to represent the school at the celebration ceremony.20)point out :
draw attention to, explain E.g.It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.21)off balance
a)not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or falling E.g.Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b)
exchange letters with E.g.Will you correspond with me while I am away? 24)mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value to E.g.Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.25)revert to : go back to E.g.My thought reverted to my childhood days.26)take apart : separate sth.into parts E.g.The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.Ⅱ.While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text(10 mins)2.T explains the text in detail.Lines 1--9 1.Language Points
…I display my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance.= …I showed of my skills of handling the Yo-yo and explained to him that the toy had turned over instead of rolling up the string because it had not been looped in a proper way.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What do you think are some of the way to make a shy young visitor feel at ease?---Being friendly and hospitable, offering sth.to play with, choosing a topic he or she is interested in, telling a joke, offering him or her chance to show off, etc.(2)From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was?---He was kind, considerate, interested in children.(3)How do you understand Einstein's nodding?---He was not upset about the fact that the young man pointed out his wrong way of playing, He was modest and easy to get along with.(4)Do you think that daily matter show a person's character? Lines 10--16 1.Language Points the personality that was Einstein = the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.a)
the military genius that was Napoleon He was the only person O knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him.= Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.= He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual capabilities were.He was content to go as far as he could.= He was satisfied with what he could achieve and would desire nothing beyond his reach.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know how personality is formed?---It depends on many factors, e.g.genetic background, education, living surroundings, influential persons, etc.(2)What does “ he had come to terms with the would around him” mean?---He accepted the world as it was and didn't fight against things he couldn't change.(3)What does “be content to go as far as one could ” mean?---Work hard and go as far as one can, be satisfied with what one could achieve.This is a philosophy of life.Lines 17--21 1.Language Points He was beyond any pretension.= He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know why he was free from these emotions?---He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.He was interested only in his work, and not in these worldly distractions.(2)How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off.He used inexpensive stationary to write to people of high rank, without feeling ashamed.Lines 22--34 1.Language Points Material things meant nothing to him.= Material things were of no important to him.The razor and water do the job.= The razor and water will do.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do material things mean nothing to you? What's your point of view?---Material things include necessities of life.In this sense, they mean much to most human beings.They also depend on people's concept of value as we discussed earlier.(2)What does it mean when a person shrugs?---It may mean “I don't care”, “It doesn't matter”.“I don't believe”, “I can't do it”, “I won't do it” and so on.(3)Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream?---He accepted the tube of cream as a gift and used it, but wouldn't go out and buy one for himself.Lines 35--52 1.Language Points He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application… a)not…the slightest : not…any;no E.g.He didn't feel the slightest pain when the needle went into hie wrist....that's not it.= That's not right./ That's not what is expected.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here?---He wanted to know things by reasoning.He believed and was interested only in theory and he refused to take short cuts.(2)What do you think of the example?---He was sort of stubborn, impractical, odd, unique and true to his ideas.Lines 53--61 1.Language Points His name was a household world.= His name was well-known to everyone.2.Questions for Discussion(1)His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word?---The significance of a theory lies in its real value.Although average people didn't understand his theories, they owed many useful things to his contributions, such as TV.His ideas were put to practical uses.Above all, his ideas created a revolution in science that excited even people who were not scientists.(2)How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people's admiration?---He was very modest.He regarded himself as an ordinary man.He thought he had done no more than many other men.Language Points: make sb.feel at ease;when my turn came;throw sth.off balance.Questions: a.From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was? b.How do you understand Einstein's nodding? Paragraph Two: Language Points: a.the personality that was Einstein: the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.b.He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him: Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.c.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach: He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual abilities were.Questions: a.What does 4% he had come to terms with himself and the world around him“ mean? b.What does ”be content to go as far as one could^ mean?(be satisfied with what one could achieve-)Paragraph Three: Language Point: He was beyond any pretension: He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.Questions: a.Why he was free from these emotions? b.How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off? Paragraph Four, Five and Six: Language Points: a.Material things meant nothing to him: material things are of no importance to him.b.finally: at last For example: The detective finally tracked down the suspect.c.present sb.with sth.;a tube of(cream, toothpaste, etc.)d.revert to : go back to(a former condition or habit).For example: The stress lie felt made him revert to the old habit of smoking.Questions: a.Do material things mean nothing to you? What’s your point of view? b.Why did Einstein shrug? What does it mean when a person shrug? c.Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream? Paragraph Seven, Eight and Nine: Language Points: a.E=mc2: Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes，among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light;that mass appears to increase with speed;that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases;and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable.The last point was expressed in the famous formula E=mc2(energy equals mass times the square of speed of light)and was later proved by atomic fission.b.have curiosity in doing sth.c.take apart: separate(sth.)into parts.For example: Nick took apart the dock and spread the bits all over the carpet.d.work out: solve;find the answer to.For example: John worked out the math problems all by himself.Questions: a.What did Einstein think of his photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value? b.What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here? c.From this example, what kind of people was Einstein?(He was sort of stubborn，impractical，odd, unique and true to his ideas.)Paragraph Ten: Language Points: a.profound: deep;needing much thought or study to understand.For example: Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people.b.capable of: having the ability or power for: for example: He is capable of doing such a difficult job.Some airplanes are capable of going beyond 1,000 miles an hour.c.a household word: word known far and wide.Questions: a.His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word? b.How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people’s admiration? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text(10 mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text(5 mins)Ⅲ.Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks Summary Questions 1.What do you think of Einstein? Can you tell why he is so respected?---He was one of the greatest scientists in history.He created a revolution in science.2.Can you sum up his personality and life style?---(1)Einstein was a modest man.a)When the boy pointed out his mistake in playing with the toy Yo-yo, he nodded.b)When he received great attention, he thought he was fortunate rather than deserving.---(2)He was a man without personal ambition.a)He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.b)He wanted only to understand the universe within his intellectual reach.c)He was content to go as far as he could.d)He was never seen to show personal ambition.e)He cared little for fame.---(3)He believed in simplicity.a)He used inexpensive stationary to correspond with the world most important people.b)He used only a safety razor and water to shave.---(4)He was purely and exclusively a theorist.a)He wouldn't walk down a street to se a reactor create atomic energy.b)He didn't have the slightest interest in observing how his theory made TV possible.c)He would rather give up than use a practical approach to discover the operating principle of the toy bird.Concluding Remarks---As a scientist, Einstein was so great, so extraordinary and distinguished but as a man, he was modest, simple and ordinary.After studying the text, we can learn a lot from him both as a scientist and as a man..Ⅳ.Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which arc related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.
第四篇：翻译答案大学英语精读第二册
Unit1 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处(exit)走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.Unit2 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.Unit3
1)她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。
She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.2)很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.3)这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。
No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.4)比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。
Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.5)由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。
Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.6)这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。
The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.7)就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。
As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.8)不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.Unit4
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。
I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。
Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法。
At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。
The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的（|lower）|动物进化而来（|develop from）的这一学说。
I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.Unit6 1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。
It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety? 8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them
Unit8 1)巨额投资(investment)使这一地区的经济得以迅速发展。
Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2)他们为新建一所医院开展了一场筹款运动。
They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.3)成功在于勤奋(diligence)，诺兰医生就是一个很好的例证。Success lies in diligence.Dr.Nolen is a case in point.4)他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品。
Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.5)有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。
There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.6)警方找到谁是罪犯的重要线索后，在几小时内就以武装抢劫罪拘捕了他。
The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.7)调查显示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的病痛。
Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.8)医疗队并没有一味抱怨当地医院较差的工作条件。比如，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医疗器械。
The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital.For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money
Unit9 1)一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。
Everything points to the fact / indicates that something has gone wrong with his project / plan.2)作者认为，我们不应想当然地以为那些智力测验得分高的人在实际工作中就一定能干得好。
The author argues that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.3)我挑出几条英语习语（idiom），考了一下我的同班同学。I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.4)三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案作出评估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.5)这对我们来说是个很小的损失，不要大惊小怪。
It is a very small loss to / for us.Don't make such a fuss over it.6)他比任何对手的得分都高得多，证明他不愧为一个胜利者。
He scored far more points / much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.7)这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类。
The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.8)我并不确切知道他申请的贷款（loan）银行是否会给他。
I don't know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.
第五篇：大学英语精读第二册课文翻译（范文模版）
第一单元 晚宴
我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的----尽管任何一位博物学家都认为这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志社曾刊登过这个故事。但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
故事发生在印度。某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是走廊。跟他们一起就坐的客人有军官和他们的夫人，另外还有一位美国来访的博物学家。
席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了激烈的讨论。年轻女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不像以前那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。
他说：“一遇到危机情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力就是真正起作用的东西。”
那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐，她向站在他座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句，男仆的眼睛睁得大大的，迅速的离开了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美国人谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有人看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。
那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思----引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子----那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方。----但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的。而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着上下一道。这样，剩下就只有一个地方了----餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发出警告，但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常的威严，竟使得所有的人都安静了下来。
“我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下----也就是五分钟----你们谁都不许动一动，动者罚款五十卢比，准备好！”
在他数数的过程中，那二十个人一个个都像石雕一样蹲坐在那儿，当他数到“„„二百八十„„”时，突然从眼角处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往通道的门通通关上时，室内想起了一片尖叫声。
“你刚才说的很对，少校！”男主人大声说。“一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫，镇定自若的范例。”
“且慢！”那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。“温兹太太，您是怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”
女主人脸上显出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为当时它正从我的脚背上爬过去。”
第二单元 杰文逊的遗训
美国的第三任总统托马斯·杰文逊也许不像乔治·华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：是他写的《独立宣言》。
虽然杰文逊生活在二百多年以前，但今天我们仍能从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年来说特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写过的一些观点: 自己去看。杰文逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知；他认为，亲自做调查时很重要的。在他很年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰文逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。
你可以向任何人学习。按阶层和所受的教育，杰文逊皆属于最高的社会阶层。然而，在那个贵族们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰文逊却常破例跟园丁，仆人，和侍者交谈。有一次杰文逊曾这样对法国贵族拉菲特说过：“你必须像我那样到贫民百姓的家里去，看看他们的锅里煮些什么，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。
自己做判断。未经过认真的思考，杰文逊绝不接受别人的意见。他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你就也去相信或拒绝它。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理与谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。”
杰文逊觉得，人民“是完全可以信赖的，应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后做出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫的选择后者。”
做你认为是正确的事。在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。虽然有好多年杰文逊一直受到激烈的批评，但他从不回应那些批评他的人。他在写给一位朋友的信中表达了这样的观点：“每个问题都有两面。如果你坚决站在一面并根据它有效的采取行动，那么，站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满。”
相信未来，相信青年。杰文逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗束缚住“现在”的手脚。他说：“没有哪个社会可以制定一部永远适用的宪法，甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制定不出来。地球是属于活着的一代的。”他不害怕新思想，也不惧怕未来。他评论说：“有多少痛苦是由一些没发生过的灾难引起的啊！我期待的是最好的东西，而不是最坏的东西。我满怀希望的驾驶着自己的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。”
杰文逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业。他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作都变得更加容易。
在杰文逊的众多才能中，有一种是最重要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前
正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快就被发现了，所以在1776年在费城要撰写《独立宣言》的时刻来到时，这一任务就落在了他肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的„„”
1826年7月4日，正值美国独立五十周年纪念日之际，杰文逊与世长辞了。他给他的同胞留下了一份丰富的思想遗产和众多的榜样。托马斯·杰文逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨大贡献，他认为，只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。
第三单元 我的第一份工作
罗伯特·贝斯特
在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。这一路去那还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗一顿车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后至少还要步行四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那，因为心情非常沮丧，竟感觉不到紧张了。
学校是一座装着大窗户的红砖房子，前庭院是个铺着沙砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，他们经受着从繁忙大街上吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。
开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满了皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。
他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一位靴袋没系好的二等兵一样。“哦，”他咕哝着说，“你最好到里面来。”那狭窄的，不见阳光的走廊中散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味，闻上去很不舒服；墙上墨迹斑斑，显得很脏；周围一片静寂。根据地毯上的面包屑来判断，他的书房也是他的餐室。“你最好先坐下，”接着便问了我许多问题，为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩哪些游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的眼睛盯着我，问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分。我含含糊糊的说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。他咕哝了几句。我说了错话。我和校长显然没有多少共同语言。
他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从7岁到13岁不等，除了美术课他亲自教以外，其余所有的课程都得有我来教。星期三和星期六下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球，打板球。
整个教学计划把我吓坏了。我得把全班学生分成三个组，按三个不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要交代数和几何这两门我读书时学的极差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排，因为这时候我的朋友大多会在悠闲地自得其乐。
我怯生生的问：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中饭”还没等我来得及提出异议，他
已经站了起来，“好了，”他说，“你最好见见我得妻子，她才是这所学校真正的主管人。”
我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻：在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱。
第四单元 教授与溜溜球
我父亲是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的密友。小时候有一次我去爱因斯坦家拜访时很腼腆，他说：“我有样东西拿给你看。”于是我便感到无拘无束了。他走到书桌旁，拿回来一只溜溜球。他试图做给我看这种玩具怎么个玩法，但他没法使他顺着线再转上去。轮到我时，我露了几手，并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。爱因斯坦点点头，我的技能和知识给他留下了深刻的印象。后来，我买了一只溜溜球，把他作为圣诞礼物送给了教授。并收到他一首表示感谢的诗。
作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性惊叹不已。他是我认识的人中唯一能跟自己和周围世界达成妥协的人。他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和单纯。他知道很多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。但这并不使他感到灰心丧气。只要在能力所及的范围取得最大的成功就使他心满意足了。
在我们二十三年的友谊中，我从未见他表现出嫉妒、虚荣、痛苦、愤怒或个人野心。他好像对这些感情有免疫能力似的。他毫无矫饰之心，虚荣之意。虽然他与世界上的许多要人通信，他用的却是W水印字母的信笺。W水印字母-----五分钱商店伍尔沃思的缩写。
为了他的工作他只需要一支笔和一本拍纸簿。物质的东西对他毫无意义。我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从来不需要用钱。他信奉简朴，甚至于只用一把安全剃刀和清水刮胡子。当我建议他用下刮胡膏时，他说：“剃刀和水就够了。”
“但是，教授，为什么你就不能仅仅试用一次刮胡膏呢？”我争辩说。“它可以让你刮起胡子来平滑又不痛。”
他耸了耸肩，最后，我终于送给他一管刮胡膏。第二天早上，当他下楼来用早餐时，他因为有了一大新发现而满脸含笑。“你知道，那种刮胡膏还真有效，”他说，“他不扯胡子，感觉好极了。”打那以后，他每天早晨都用刮胡膏，直到那一管用完为止，然后他又回到了只用清水刮胡子了。
爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家。他对自己的思想和理论的应用丝毫不感兴趣。他提出的E=MC2也许是有史以来最著名的公式----然而爱因斯坦却不愿费举足之劳去看反应堆产生原子能。他因其光电理论----他认为这是一些比较次要的一系列公式----而获得诺贝尔奖金，但对于观察他的理论怎样使得电视得以产生却没有一点好奇心。
我兄弟曾送给教授一个玩具，那是一只立在盛水的碗边可以保持平衡并反复把头浸入水中的鸟。爱因斯坦高兴的注视着他，试图推断出他的运动原理，但他没能推断出。
第二天早晨他宣布说：“关于那只鸟我睡觉前思索了很长时间，他一定是这样运转的„„”他开始做起了长篇的解释。后来他意识到自己推理中的一个漏洞便停了下来。“不，我想不是那
么回事。”他连续几天试着用各种理论来加以解释。后来我建议他把玩具拆开来看看他是怎样运转的，他迅速显出的不赞成的表情告诉我，他并不同意这种切实可行的做法，他一直没有研究出这个问题的答案。
爱因斯坦一直没能理解的另一个谜是他自己的名望。他提出的这些理论都是些非常深奥的、只能使很少的科学家感兴趣的理论。然而他的名字却在整个文明世界家喻户晓，尽人皆知。有一次他说：“我有一些很好的思想，别人也有一些很好的思想。只是只是由于我运气好，我的思想才被人接受了。”他的名望使他感到迷惑不解：人们都想见他；陌生的人在街上盯着他看；科学家、政治家、学生和家庭主妇都给他写信。他一直不能理解，他为什么会受到这种注意。为什么单单把他跳出来当特殊人物对待。
第五单元 大气层中的恶棍 大气层中的恶棍乃是二氧化碳。
二氧化碳看上去不像一个恶棍。他毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小----只占0.034%----不会对我们造成任何伤害。
再者，空气中的那一点点二氧化碳对生命至关重要。植物吸收二氧化碳并将其转化成为他们自己的组织。充当所有动物（当然也包括人类）的基本食物供给。在这一过程中，植物释放氧气，而氧气是所有动物生命所不可缺少的。
然而，这一看上去无害而无疑又必不可少的气体却正在对我们产生影响。
年复一年，海平面正在上升。他很可能继续上升，而在今后数百年间，会以更快的速度上升。在那些低洼的沿海地区（在这一地区居住着世界上很大一部分人口），海水会稳步向前推进，迫使人们向内陆退居。
最后，海水将会高出目前海平面两百英尺。一阵阵海浪将会拍打曼哈顿摩天大楼二十层楼的窗户。佛罗里达将会沉没在海浪之下。英伦三岛的大部分，人口稠密的尼罗河流域，还有中国、印度和俄罗斯的低洼地区也将遭遇到同样的命运。
不仅许多城市会被淹没，而且世界上大部分盛产粮食的地区也将会失去。由于食品供应下降，到处都会出现饥荒，在这种压力下，社会结构有可能崩溃。
而这一切都是因为二氧化碳。可怎么会出现这种状况呢？两者之间又有什么联系呢？ 首先是太阳光，大气层中的各种气体（包括二氧化碳）对于太阳光来说是透明的。太阳光照射大气层的顶部，径直透过数英里的大气层，温暖着地球的表面。在夜间，地球以红外线的形式放射到外层空间而冷却下来。
然而，大气层对红外线来说却不像他对可见光那样透明。二氧化碳特别会阻挡这样的热量辐射。因此，在夜间失去的热量要比大气中没有二氧化碳的情况下失去的要少。要是没有少量的二氧化碳的存在，地球就会明显要冷得多，说不定就会冷的不舒服了。
我们该感到欣慰。二氧化碳给我们温暖使我们舒舒服服，但是大气中二氧化碳的浓度正在稳
步升高，其恶迹也就由此而生。1958年，二氧化碳只占大气总量的0.0316%，此后，其浓度逐年悄悄攀升，而现在已经达到0.0340%，据估算，到2020年，二氧化碳的浓度将接近现在的两倍。
这就意味着，在未来几十年间，地球的温度将要稍许升高。极地冰盖将因此开始融化。世界上90%的冰斗聚集在巨大的南极冰盖上，另外8%在格陵兰冰盖。如果这些冰盖开始融化，海平面将会升高，其结果就是我上面描述的那个样子。
可是大气中的二氧化碳浓度为什么会在不断升高呢？
难辞其咎的有两个因素。首先，在近几个世纪中，先是煤，然后是石油和天然气，以快速增长的态势作为燃料获取能量。这些燃料中所含的碳，在过去数百万年的岁月里一直被埋在地下，而现在正在被烧成二氧化碳，并以每天数吨的速率排放到大气中。
更糟糕的是，地球上的森林在不断消失，起先是慢慢消失，但在近一两个世纪里其消失的速度相当快。现在，森林消失的速度是每分钟64英亩。
不管取代森林的是农田，草地，还是灌木丛，其生产的植物消耗二氧化碳的速率与森林是不相等的。因此，不仅是通过燃料的燃烧使二氧化碳释放到大气中，而且，随着森林的消失，植物从大气中吸收的二氧化碳也减少了。
但是这也给了我们一个新的视角来考察这个问题。大气中的二氧化碳并不是自行上升的。是人在烧煤，烧油，和烧气。是人在砍伐森林。所以，人才是真正的元凶。
怎么办呢？
首先，我们必须拯救森林，乃至重植森林。
第二，我们必须有新的不产生二氧化碳的燃料源，核能就是其中之一，如果认为核能太危险，也还有其他选择。有波浪能，风能，潮汐能，还有地球内部的热能。尤其是，还可以直接利用太阳能。
诚然，这一切将需要时间，努力，和金钱，但是，更多的国家却把更多的时间，努力和金钱花在了对抗性的军事器械上。而这些军备只能毁灭我们大家。为了拯救大家而减少在这方面时间，努力和金钱上的花费，难道我们应该反对吗？
第六单元 外科医师的成功之道
一位医生怎样辨认自己终于成为一名“外科医师”的那一时刻呢？在我任住院主任医师的那一年快要结束的时候，我曾不止一次的问过自己这个问题。
我最后决定，问题的答案在于“自信”二字。当你能够对自己说：“任何外科病人我都能胜任进行治疗，我的治疗跟其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比任何外科医生都更为高明。”—那时，而且只有到了那时，你才真正成了一名外科医师。当时 我正接近那个时刻。
就以我们每晚都会碰到的急诊情况为例吧。就在那一年的最初几个月，我一直害怕电话铃响。我知道电话铃声意味着又要做出一个生死攸关的决定。事情往往是这样：在我告诉沃尔特或拉里对于某一特殊情况应如何处理之后，我就很难再重新入睡了。我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情，常常会怀疑自己是否做出了不妥的决定。不止一次，在我躺了一个小时还睡不着之后，我会在凌晨两三点钟从床上跳起来穿好衣服，驾车去医院亲自探视病人。唯有这样我才能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静。
然而，在我做住院医生的最后一个月，睡眠已不再是个问题了。在有些情况下我仍然不能确定自己的决定是否正确，但我已经学会把这看做一个外科医师会经常遇到的问题，一个永远也不能完全解决的问题----我已经能适应他了。所以，我一旦经过深思熟虑做出某个决定，就不再去多想他了。多想也不会有什么帮助，而且我知道，凭我的知识和经验，我做出的任何决定肯定都是稳妥的。这是一种令人愉快的感觉。
在手术室里我也同样充满信心。我知道自己的只是、技术和经验足以对付我在开业行医中将会碰到的任何病例。当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时，我不再紧张的瑟瑟发抖了。我知道，即使碰到事先无法预见其问题所在的病例，我也能处置我发现的任何情况。我战战兢兢的处理过竟在我手上的腹部刺伤，肺部穿孔以及复合型骨折等病例。这种外科手术我已经战战兢兢的干了五年，我再也不必担惊受怕了。
而且，我也不再怕犯错误了。我知道在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我就会不可避免的出差错；我会给不需要手术治疗的病人开刀，也可能会把需要动手术的病人忽略过去。五年前----甚至一年前----如果我不得不为一次判断上的失误负全部责任的话，我是没法容忍自己的。现在我能了。我仍然害怕犯错误----愿意竭尽全力避免出错----但我知道这是外科医师生活的一部分。我之所以能够平静的接受这一事实，是因为我知道：如果我不能避免出差错，那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。
这些话听上去很自负，而且我以为这的确是自负----但外科医师就是需要这种自负。当他收到行医中必定会遇到的重重疑虑的煎熬时，他需要“自负”来支撑自己度过这些难受的时刻。他必须觉得，他与世上任何一位外科医生比都毫不逊色，甚至还技高一筹。你管这叫自负也好，叫自信也罢；不管你叫他什么，反正我是有了。
第七单元 离开我这个街区
埃塞尔·阿姆斯特德一下子就喜欢上了那栋灰色的联房。房子里多出了一间卧室，还有一个很大的后院。可以让他的小外孙和外孙女在那里玩耍。那个大理石的门廊将是夏天夜晚坐着乘凉的理想场所。
但搬进来后的第一个晚上，当阿姆斯特德下班回到家时，她却发现有一群样子很凶的人坐在她家门前的台阶上。
她大吃一惊，说道：“请原谅，我住在这儿。”那一帮七个年轻人不情愿的站了起来，用冷酷无情的目光盯着她看。一走进去，阿姆斯特德就锁上门，从窗户往外看。她吃惊的发现那几个年轻人已经又坐在了她家台阶上。
在以后的几个星期里，阿姆斯特德了解到她那座房子过去常年空关时，曾被一些毒品贩子在前面台阶下面藏过毒品。当川流不息的车辆和行人经过时，毒品贩子就在门廊上做生意。吸毒成
瘾的人就在房子后面的小路上注射毒品，并在后院里随地撒尿。
阿姆斯特德对占用她家前门的那些人不报有任何幻想。在东那尔的摩那个充满犯罪与 暴力的奥利佛居住的十年间，几乎每个晚上，她躺在床上都能听到毒品战激流进行时的枪击声。但是在这栋房子，有毒品贩子经常出没于她的门廊是非常糟糕的。
有时候她一天要报警好几次，恳请警察把这些毒品贩子驱散。但警车一旦在街角消失，那些毒品贩子又会陆陆续续的回来。
作为一位五十多岁，子女已经长大成人的母亲，阿姆斯特德从未想象过要进行这场战斗。但这并不是他第一次奋起应付突如其来的挑战了。在二十世纪就是年代中期，当他自己的女儿染上毒瘾，她的小外孙和外孙女需要人抚养时，阿姆斯特德就把那三个男孩和一个女孩领来找管了。
2000年9月的一个晚上，在她迁入新居后大约一个月的时候，阿姆斯特德向上帝祈祷：“明天我要跟那些家伙谈一谈，请帮助我。”
第二天早上，她直接找到那帮人的头，一个身穿牛仔裤，白色体恤衫的年轻人。阿姆斯特德的五脏六腑在翻滚，但她知道她决不能露出恐惧的样子。
“这里是我的地方，”她平静而温和的说，脸上一直挂着装出来的微笑，“我本不需要在进自己家时还要说一声‘请原谅’.”
她对那个年轻人说，她不希望他和他的朋友在当着她小外孙和外孙女的面贩卖毒品。他们必须离开那个住宅，离开隔壁空关的住宅，离开那个街角。
那人一声不响，阿姆斯特德的心已跳到喉咙口。随后那人点了点头。那伙人离开了。但过了几天，他们又回来了。阿姆斯特德把他的要求又说了一遍，第二天，第三天又重说了一遍。
随后，一件有趣的事情发生了。那伙人开始听话了。他们转移到了下一个街区，冬天来了，他们把他房前的积雪扫干净。她生病的时候，他们还回来看望她。不久，他们就开始喊他“大妈”了。
她的外孙，外孙女闷可以在街上打球了。有时候，那些年轻人也会和他们一起玩。如果哪个孩子跟外婆顶嘴，某个年轻人就会说：“你不可以这样讲话，她是你外婆。”
阿姆斯特德不停地“嘀咕”，警告他们轻易得来的钱有危险。“你们会被杀头的。”她对他们说。“还是干点正经事吧！”
人们对她说，她对那帮恶棍这样讲话真实太蠢了。尤其是在仅仅五个街区外另一个表明立场的大妈被杀之后。这个大妈叫安吉拉·道森。她置身与另一伙毒品贩子进行了战斗----结果失败了。道森家的房子被人放火烧了，安吉拉、她的丈夫卡内尔和她的五个孩子都死了，这一悲剧成了震惊全国的新闻。邻近地区内的一名男子受到指控。阿姆斯特德不认识安吉拉·道森，但她认识她的孩子。在这场致死的大火后，她更加担心了，但她并没有停止。
而且她不仅仅限于谈话。她一直是社区组织巴尔的摩发展领导才能联合会的推动力。他们一起把毒品贩子从一块空地上赶走，在那里建了一个儿童游乐场。他们在学校里开办了一项放学后的校内活动，让孩子们不要到街上去。他们促使市里和当地的教堂加快了重建弃房的步伐。
前不久，阿姆斯特德偶然碰见了过去常在她前门台阶荡来荡去的那伙人中的一个。“嗨，大妈！”那人大喊了一声，一边紧紧的拥抱着她。他告诉她，他已经找到一份工作，接着又说：“我真谢谢当年你给我们嘀咕的那些话。”
阿姆斯特德对她产生的影响很是谦虚，她只是说：“知道自己的那番话至少说服了一个年轻人，这样我就很开心了。”
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