第一篇：大学英语精读第二册 Unit 10 Profits of Praise
Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.Unit Ten Profits of Praise
It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant.My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached.The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier.Weary and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right.As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip.“Well done,” he said.“You've looked after us really well.”
Suddenly my tiredness vanished.I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, “Fine!” Those few words of praise had changed everything.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit;we cannot flower and grow without it.And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Why“beautiful”even housewives.Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room”? Hardly anybody does.That's why housework is considered such a dreary grind.Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers;but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors.Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still, we're not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling.“Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted.Susanna looked at me quizzically.“Of course we can,” she said.“But you don't notice us when we do.”
Teachers agree about the value of praise.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.“I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual
standard,” writes the teacher, “and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was consistently praised for its previous performance;another group was criticized;the third was ignored.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved also, bus not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effortand yet consider the results it may produce.“I can live for two months on a good compliment,” said Mark Twain.So, let's be alert to the small excellences around us-and comment on them.We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, added happiness into out own.
第二篇：大学英语精读第二册英语翻译整理
1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处(exit)走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称
职而被解雇了。
2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。
4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。
6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。
7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法。At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。
I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的|（lower）|动物进化而来|（develop from）|的这一学说。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.1)如果富有的国家多花些钱搞绿色工业，而不是去建立军事机器和制造核武器，当今许多广泛存在的污染问题将会逐渐消失。
If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2)烧煤的时候，不仅消耗房子里面的氧气，而且还散发出有毒的气体。
The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3)显然，找到替代能源对我们经济的稳定发展是至关重要的。
Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4)太阳能电池（solar cell）能吸收阳光并把它变成电。Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5)如果地球上的温度继续年复一年地上升，极地的冰帽将会开始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能会消失在劈啪飞溅的海浪下面。
If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6)因为这些生物很小并且常常躲在叶子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看见。
Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7)由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了。
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8)有明显的证据表明工作上的重压与身体的某些毛病有联系。
There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?
8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
第三篇：翻译答案大学英语精读第二册
Unit1 1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.当全部乘客都向出口处(exit)走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.Unit2 1)会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委员会成员在新机场最佳选址(location)这一问题上持有不同意见。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.Unit3
1)她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。
She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.2)很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。
It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.3)这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。
No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.4)比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。
Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.5)由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。
Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.6)这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。
The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.7)就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。
As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.8)不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.Unit4
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了。
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣。
I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千万别说可能会被人误解的话。
Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法。
At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。
The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人。I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比较高级的|(higher)|动物是由比较低级的（|lower）|动物进化而来（|develop from）的这一学说。
I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.Unit6 1)只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。
It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety? 8)你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them
Unit8 1)巨额投资(investment)使这一地区的经济得以迅速发展。
Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2)他们为新建一所医院开展了一场筹款运动。
They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.3)成功在于勤奋(diligence)，诺兰医生就是一个很好的例证。Success lies in diligence.Dr.Nolen is a case in point.4)他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品。
Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.5)有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。
There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.6)警方找到谁是罪犯的重要线索后，在几小时内就以武装抢劫罪拘捕了他。
The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.7)调查显示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的病痛。
Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.8)医疗队并没有一味抱怨当地医院较差的工作条件。比如，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医疗器械。
The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital.For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money
Unit9 1)一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。
Everything points to the fact / indicates that something has gone wrong with his project / plan.2)作者认为，我们不应想当然地以为那些智力测验得分高的人在实际工作中就一定能干得好。
The author argues that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.3)我挑出几条英语习语（idiom），考了一下我的同班同学。I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.4)三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案作出评估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.5)这对我们来说是个很小的损失，不要大惊小怪。
It is a very small loss to / for us.Don't make such a fuss over it.6)他比任何对手的得分都高得多，证明他不愧为一个胜利者。
He scored far more points / much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.7)这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类。
The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.8)我并不确切知道他申请的贷款（loan）银行是否会给他。
I don't know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.
第四篇：大学英语精读第二册u1-3翻译
Unit1 The Dinner Party 关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了。
晚宴 莫娜·加德纳
我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
故事发生在印度。某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是走廊。跟他们一起就坐的客人有军官和他们的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家。
席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。
他说：“一遇到危急情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”
那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。
那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着上下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了——餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发出警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使得所有的人都安静了下来。
“我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就是五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！” 在他数数的过程中，那二十个人都像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到 “„„二百八十„„”时，突然从眼角处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往走廊的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。
“你刚才说得很对，少校！” 男主人大声说。“一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”
“且慢，” 那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。“温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”
女主人脸上闪出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。”
Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson 杰斐逊已谢世很久，但他的许多思想仍使我们很感兴趣。
杰斐逊的遗训 布鲁斯·布利文
美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊也许不像乔治·华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：是他写的《独立宣言》。虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年来说特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写过的一些观点：
自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；他认为，亲自做调查是很重要的。在他还很年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。
你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，杰斐逊却常破例跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说过：“你必须像我那样到平民百姓的家里去，看看他们的锅里煮些什么，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”
自己作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理和谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。” 杰斐逊觉得，人民“是完全可以信赖的，应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后作出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。”
做你认为是正确的事。在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想，而这正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。虽然有好多年杰斐逊一直受到激烈的批评，但他从不回应那些批评他的人。他在写给一位朋友的信中表达了自己的观点：“每个问题都有两面。如果你坚决站在一面并根据它有效地采取行动，那么，站在另一面的那些人当然会对你的行动怨恨不满。” 相信未来，相信青年。杰斐逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在”的手脚。他说：“没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至连一条永远适用的法律也制订不出来。地球是属于活着的一代的。”他不害怕新思想，也不惧怕未来。他评论说：“有多少痛苦是由一些从未发生过的灾难引起的啊！我期待的是最好的东西，而不是最坏的东西。我满怀希望地驾驶着自己的航船，而把恐惧抛在后面。”
杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂得的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断地制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易。
在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了，所以，当1776年在费城要撰写《独立宣言》的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的„„”
1826年7月4日，正值美国独立五十周年纪念日之际，杰斐逊与世长辞了。他给他的同胞留下了一份丰富的思想遗产和众多的榜样。托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献，他认为，只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。
Unit3 My First Job 为了想在进大学前赚些钱，作者申请了一份教职。但面试情况却越来越糟„„
我的第一份工作 罗伯特·贝斯特
在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。这一路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后还要至少步行四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿，因为心情非常沮丧，竟不感到紧张了。
学校是一座装着大窗户的红砖房子。前庭园是个铺着沙砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，它们经受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。
他带着一种吃惊的、不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的二等兵一样。“哦，”他咕哝着说，“你最好到里面来。”那狭窄的、不见阳光的走廊里散发出一股腐烂的卷心菜味，闻上去很不舒服；墙上墨迹斑斑，显得很脏；周围一片静寂。根据地毯上的面包屑来判断，他的书房也是他的餐室。“你最好坐下，”他说，接着便问了我许多问题：为了得到普通学校证书我学过哪些课程；我多大岁数了；我会玩些什么游戏；问到这里他突然用他那双充满血丝的眼睛盯住我，问我是否认为游戏是儿童教育的一个极为重要的组成部分。我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。他咕哝了几句。我说了错话。我和校长显然没有多少共同语言。
他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从七岁到十三岁不等，除了美术课他亲自教以外，其余所有的课程都得由我来教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公园去踢足球，打板球。
整个教学计划把我吓坏了。我得把全班学生分成三个组，按三种不同的程度轮流给他们上课；想到要教代数和几何这两门我在读书时学得极差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也许是星期六下午打板球的安排，因为这时候我的朋友大都会在悠闲地自得其乐。
我怯生生地问：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中饭。”还没等我来得及提出异议，他已经站了起来。“好了，”他说，“你最好见见我的妻子。她才是这所学校真正的主管人。”
我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻：在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱。
第五篇：大学英语精读第三版第二册U4教案
Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo Teaching Time: 8 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.Teaching Objectives: 1.Make students have an idea about the Einstein’s unusual personality whether as a scientist or as an average man.1).Analyze the personal characteristics of Einstein.2).Understand the way of life of Einstein.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: ambition, application, approach, argue, bewilder, capable, correspond, display, exclusively, mainly, fortune, function, immune, impress, modest, observe, present, profound, pursue, puzzle, relatively, series
Phrases & Expressions: at ease, off balance, come to terms with, as far as, mean nothing to, believe in, so much so that, a series of, take apart, work out, capable of, single out Grammar: be made to, that clause 3.About the reading, Ss should acquire the skill—reading beyond lines.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —writing in logical order.5.About the listening, Ss finish Unit 4 directed by the teacher.Teaching Procedures: I.Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information: Einstein & his achievements Introductory remarks: Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time.His ideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world ——science, art, and philosophy.In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy to get along with;he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for material well-being.And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einstein’s, sheds more light on Einstein’s personality both as a scientist and as a man.2.Key words and expressions: 1).modest: a.having, showing, not a too high opinion of one’s merits, abilities, etc.For example: Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b.moderate;not large in size or amount-For example: The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income.2).balance: Useful phrases: keep one's balance;lose one s balance: be in balance;be out of balance;off balance.Special attention: “in the balance”, means 'undecided'.For example: Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows.3)impress:
a)have a strong effect on the mind or feeling of.For example: I was deeply impressed by the scenery there.He impressed me as a modest scholar.My parents impress on me the importance of honesty time and again.b)fix(sth.)deeply or firmly on the mind or memory E.g.His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4)immune:
be immune to: be free from or unaffected by.For example: Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox.It seems to me that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy.5)exclusively:
only;completely.For example: Eton college is an exclusively male public school in Britain.The report is written exclusively for the country's top leaders.6).pursue: v.a)follow, go on steadily with(study or other activity)E.g.He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b)follow in order to catch or do harm to E.g.The policeman pursued the thief.c)
vt.a)cause(sb.)to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointment E.g.Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b)make(plan, effort etc)useless, defeat E.g.The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.10)bitter :
adj.a)filled with anger or hatred E.g.You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b)having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorry E.g.They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c)
with ease;E.g.The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.15).come to terms with:
accept(sth.usually disagreeable)as it is;reach an agreement with.It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that I’ll never be a good writer.It seems that the two sides will never come to terms(with each other).We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.16)as far as:
to the extent that.For example: As far as I know he will be away for three months.He will help you as far as he can.17)so much so that: to such an extent that;so that… For example: He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamed about it.I was worn out, so much so that I thought I would never recover.18)single out:
separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice.All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled out for praise.It is an honour for him to have been singled out to represent the school at the celebration ceremony.20)point out :
draw attention to, explain E.g.It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.21)off balance
a)not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or falling E.g.Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b)
exchange letters with E.g.Will you correspond with me while I am away? 24)mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value to E.g.Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.25)revert to : go back to E.g.My thought reverted to my childhood days.26)take apart : separate sth.into parts E.g.The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.Ⅱ.While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text(10 mins)2.T explains the text in detail.Lines 1--9 1.Language Points
…I display my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance.= …I showed of my skills of handling the Yo-yo and explained to him that the toy had turned over instead of rolling up the string because it had not been looped in a proper way.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What do you think are some of the way to make a shy young visitor feel at ease?---Being friendly and hospitable, offering sth.to play with, choosing a topic he or she is interested in, telling a joke, offering him or her chance to show off, etc.(2)From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was?---He was kind, considerate, interested in children.(3)How do you understand Einstein's nodding?---He was not upset about the fact that the young man pointed out his wrong way of playing, He was modest and easy to get along with.(4)Do you think that daily matter show a person's character? Lines 10--16 1.Language Points the personality that was Einstein = the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.a)
the military genius that was Napoleon He was the only person O knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him.= Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.= He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual capabilities were.He was content to go as far as he could.= He was satisfied with what he could achieve and would desire nothing beyond his reach.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know how personality is formed?---It depends on many factors, e.g.genetic background, education, living surroundings, influential persons, etc.(2)What does “ he had come to terms with the would around him” mean?---He accepted the world as it was and didn't fight against things he couldn't change.(3)What does “be content to go as far as one could ” mean?---Work hard and go as far as one can, be satisfied with what one could achieve.This is a philosophy of life.Lines 17--21 1.Language Points He was beyond any pretension.= He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know why he was free from these emotions?---He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.He was interested only in his work, and not in these worldly distractions.(2)How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off.He used inexpensive stationary to write to people of high rank, without feeling ashamed.Lines 22--34 1.Language Points Material things meant nothing to him.= Material things were of no important to him.The razor and water do the job.= The razor and water will do.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do material things mean nothing to you? What's your point of view?---Material things include necessities of life.In this sense, they mean much to most human beings.They also depend on people's concept of value as we discussed earlier.(2)What does it mean when a person shrugs?---It may mean “I don't care”, “It doesn't matter”.“I don't believe”, “I can't do it”, “I won't do it” and so on.(3)Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream?---He accepted the tube of cream as a gift and used it, but wouldn't go out and buy one for himself.Lines 35--52 1.Language Points He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application… a)not…the slightest : not…any;no E.g.He didn't feel the slightest pain when the needle went into hie wrist....that's not it.= That's not right./ That's not what is expected.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here?---He wanted to know things by reasoning.He believed and was interested only in theory and he refused to take short cuts.(2)What do you think of the example?---He was sort of stubborn, impractical, odd, unique and true to his ideas.Lines 53--61 1.Language Points His name was a household world.= His name was well-known to everyone.2.Questions for Discussion(1)His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word?---The significance of a theory lies in its real value.Although average people didn't understand his theories, they owed many useful things to his contributions, such as TV.His ideas were put to practical uses.Above all, his ideas created a revolution in science that excited even people who were not scientists.(2)How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people's admiration?---He was very modest.He regarded himself as an ordinary man.He thought he had done no more than many other men.Language Points: make sb.feel at ease;when my turn came;throw sth.off balance.Questions: a.From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was? b.How do you understand Einstein's nodding? Paragraph Two: Language Points: a.the personality that was Einstein: the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.b.He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him: Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.c.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach: He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual abilities were.Questions: a.What does 4% he had come to terms with himself and the world around him“ mean? b.What does ”be content to go as far as one could^ mean?(be satisfied with what one could achieve-)Paragraph Three: Language Point: He was beyond any pretension: He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.Questions: a.Why he was free from these emotions? b.How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off? Paragraph Four, Five and Six: Language Points: a.Material things meant nothing to him: material things are of no importance to him.b.finally: at last For example: The detective finally tracked down the suspect.c.present sb.with sth.;a tube of(cream, toothpaste, etc.)d.revert to : go back to(a former condition or habit).For example: The stress lie felt made him revert to the old habit of smoking.Questions: a.Do material things mean nothing to you? What’s your point of view? b.Why did Einstein shrug? What does it mean when a person shrug? c.Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream? Paragraph Seven, Eight and Nine: Language Points: a.E=mc2: Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes，among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light;that mass appears to increase with speed;that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases;and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable.The last point was expressed in the famous formula E=mc2(energy equals mass times the square of speed of light)and was later proved by atomic fission.b.have curiosity in doing sth.c.take apart: separate(sth.)into parts.For example: Nick took apart the dock and spread the bits all over the carpet.d.work out: solve;find the answer to.For example: John worked out the math problems all by himself.Questions: a.What did Einstein think of his photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value? b.What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here? c.From this example, what kind of people was Einstein?(He was sort of stubborn，impractical，odd, unique and true to his ideas.)Paragraph Ten: Language Points: a.profound: deep;needing much thought or study to understand.For example: Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people.b.capable of: having the ability or power for: for example: He is capable of doing such a difficult job.Some airplanes are capable of going beyond 1,000 miles an hour.c.a household word: word known far and wide.Questions: a.His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word? b.How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people’s admiration? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text(10 mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text(5 mins)Ⅲ.Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks Summary Questions 1.What do you think of Einstein? Can you tell why he is so respected?---He was one of the greatest scientists in history.He created a revolution in science.2.Can you sum up his personality and life style?---(1)Einstein was a modest man.a)When the boy pointed out his mistake in playing with the toy Yo-yo, he nodded.b)When he received great attention, he thought he was fortunate rather than deserving.---(2)He was a man without personal ambition.a)He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.b)He wanted only to understand the universe within his intellectual reach.c)He was content to go as far as he could.d)He was never seen to show personal ambition.e)He cared little for fame.---(3)He believed in simplicity.a)He used inexpensive stationary to correspond with the world most important people.b)He used only a safety razor and water to shave.---(4)He was purely and exclusively a theorist.a)He wouldn't walk down a street to se a reactor create atomic energy.b)He didn't have the slightest interest in observing how his theory made TV possible.c)He would rather give up than use a practical approach to discover the operating principle of the toy bird.Concluding Remarks---As a scientist, Einstein was so great, so extraordinary and distinguished but as a man, he was modest, simple and ordinary.After studying the text, we can learn a lot from him both as a scientist and as a man..Ⅳ.Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which arc related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.
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