高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结 张汉熙

第一篇：高级英语的十九种修辞和高英1-5课总结 张汉熙

Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.1)Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2)It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)----------P2,L1.3)The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L1

4)Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while…(Personification)------P3, L1.5)It is a vast, somber cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud brick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L1 6)There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.(synecdoche)------P15,L2

7)“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”.(Anticlimax)----P15, L2.8)But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water.I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9)Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.(alliteration)-----P30,L3

10)According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard.(metonymy)----P31,L3.11)What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.12)Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.(Exaggeration)----P58, L4.14)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.(Exaggeration)

15)After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.16)“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing.(Ironic)—P62,L4.17)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink inthe wood.(metaphor)----P62,L4.18)“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird.“can I have these old quilts?”(Simile)---P63, L4.19)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)

20)Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)

21)If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.22)But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)

I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)

24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.26)We will never parley;we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, and we shall fight him in the air.(Parallelism)

27)Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity.(Metonymy)

英语中有19种修辞手法，它们分别是：Simile明喻、Metaphor隐喻，暗喻、Metonymy 借喻，转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia通感，联觉，移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比，平行、Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻，比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron反意法，逆喻、Climax 渐进法，层进法、Anticlimax渐降法。下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句，快来学习吧！

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。

例如：

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。

2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。

例如：

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。

3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。

I。以容器代替内容，例如：

1>.The kettle boils.水开了。

2>.The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。

II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如：

Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。

III。以作者代替作品，例如：

a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集

VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。

例如：

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体)

他的厂里约有100名工人。

2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般)

他是本世纪的牛顿。

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分)

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。

5.Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉

这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

例如：

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。

2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)

品尝Mozart的音乐。

6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。

例如：

1>.The night gently lays her hand a tour fevered heads。(把夜拟人化)

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods。(把鸟拟人化)

7.Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。.例如：

1>.I beg a thousand pardons。

2>.Love you, You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars。

3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out。

8.Parallelism 排比，平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语。句子排列成串，形成一个整体。

例如：

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free;no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral;noone can be perfectly happy till all are happy。2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately。

9.Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。

例如：

1>.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方便一下。

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽。

3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in1997.(去世)

10.Allegory 讽喻，比方(原意“寓言”)

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances;an extended metaphor摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书 这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为“换个方式的说法”。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。

例如：

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines。

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword。

表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失。错误时，用赞同过失的说法，而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。

例如：

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning。

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)

2>“Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you.”the waiter said to the beggar。

12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默。滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形。词意和谐音的方式出现。

例如：

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise。

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country。

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately。

13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言。警句.谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。

例如：

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year。

2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided。

3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it。

14.Rhetorical question修辞疑问(反问)

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。

例如：

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。

例如：

1>.Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more。

2>.You are staying;I am going。

3>.Give me liberty, or give me death。

16.Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法。.例如：

1>.More haste, less speed。欲速则不达

2>.The child is the father to the man。(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。

17.Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻

这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。

例如：

1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见 2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。

18.Climax 渐进法，层进法

这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小。轻重.深浅。高低等逐层渐进，最后达到顶点。可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。

例如：

1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry。

2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone。

19.Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小，由强到弱地排列。

例如：

1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots。

2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes。

第二篇：高英修辞总结

一．词语修辞格

(1)simile 明喻

它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物

I wandered lonely as a cloud.(W.Wordsworth: The Daffodils)我像一朵浮云独自漫游。他们两个长得一模一样。

他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird.“Can I have these old quilts?”

②③（未煮过的）barley pancake.④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up „

⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（1）metaphor 暗喻

暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员.(William Shakespeare)整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire.(William B.Yeats)教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。

① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,„

② Mark Twain---Mirror of America

③

④

⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）.⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’.（2）metonymy 借代，转喻

用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。

He lives by the pen.(=writing).他以写作为生。

He is too fond of the bottle(=drinking).他太贪杯了。

①

②...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐）

（3）synecdoche 提喻

以部分指代整体

1.We are lack of hands.（hands 指代人手，劳动力）

（head指代整个人）

3.Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of(代替)

（purse指代金钱）

（4）personification 拟人

把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动方式等。

① The young moon lies on her back„

② Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit（阳光照射的）courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels liechewing their hay（干草）„

③...to literature's enduring gratitude...（文学的持续感激）

⑤ Bitterness fed on the man...（痛苦为人类提供食物）

（5）transferred epithet 移就 修饰转移

把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。(转移描述词;移就修辞格）

① Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder

② The obese（极为肥胖的）

③ I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long.Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)

（6）hyperbole 夸张

这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement)的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。

用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气

① The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls

② It is a vast, sombre（忧郁的，严峻的）cavern（洞穴）

③ I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④ hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.⑤

⑥ The trial that rocked the world

⑦

（7）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法

Parting is such sweet sorrow.(别离是这样甜蜜的凄清)

athunderous silence无声胜有声

amournful optimist悲伤的乐观

（8）euphemism 委婉语

作为一种修辞格，Euphemism(委婉)指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段，得体地表达生活中那些使人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。其主要修辞作用是在语言表达上减少刺激性和敏感性，从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。

英语委婉语数量众多，其运用范围涉及到社会生活诸领域，大致可概括为以下四个方面 有关疾病、残疾、衰老、死亡的委婉语

① „ a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the

②...men's final release from earthly struggle

（9）Irony反语

the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning.反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法

① Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan

② „ until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century

（10）sarcasm 讽刺

a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound.是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义。

My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for,“ Darrow drawled.”I know what he is here for, too.He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固)are rampant

① There is some doubt about that.② a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life

③ the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from “so simple” a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street

(12)ridicule（嘲笑）

有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情,通常指用一些不太善意的或看起来比较滑稽和夸张的语言对不良的或愚蠢的行为进行揭露和批评。

④

⑤ Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.⑥

（11）pun 双关

① DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.② Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t we shall most assuredly ”(Peter stone and Sherman Edwards.1776)如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。

二、结构修辞格

（12）parallelism 排比

英语中Parallelism是并列使用两个或两个以上结构和功能相同的单词、短语或句子来表达相似、相关或相连的事物。

① We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.② I see the Russian soldiers standing „ I see them guarding...I see the ten thousand villages...I see that small group„

③ that is our policy and that is our declaration

④ We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.⑤ Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.Let us redouble our exertions„

（13）repetition 重复

重复使用同一个字眼或意思相近的词，以达到强调的目的。

① We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.②

③ We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.④

（14）anticlimax 反高潮/突降

(Climax 层进法:逐渐增强达到顶点的修辞法 I came, I saw, I conquered.)

突降法:从有重大意义的内容突然转入平淡内容

Alas！Alas！What shall I do? I've lost my wife and best hat, too!哎呀哎呀！我怎么办呢？我失去了妻子，又丢了最好的帽子！

The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.士兵的职责是保卫祖国和剥土豆皮。

“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you.(16)antithesis 对比

对照(或反对)是把意义相反的词、短语、句子放在对称的位置上，以表示事物、行为、品德、条件、效果等相对立或对比的修辞格，以平行结构进行表达，从而突出两个事物的鲜明对比。它相当于汉语对偶中的反对。

a)Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state

who marches with Hitler is our foe„

b)"The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he

must have come from below

c)...between what people claim to be and what they really are.d)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever

(17)rhetorical question 修辞疑问句

e)Was I not at the scene of the crime?

f)Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a

strange white man in the eye?

g)In what conceivable way does our car concern you?

三、音韵修辞格

(18)头韵法（alliteration）

在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。

h)„

n)„

(19)准押韵（Assonance），元韵，母韵，半谐音，它是重读音节中元音的重复。

between the Second International(1934)and the Third International(1961)

(20)辅韵（Consonance），指的是词尾复印或句尾非重读音节的重复。

„ when bigots lighted faggots to burn...(21)拟声法(onomatopoeia)

它是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。

ear.q)„

第三篇：张汉熙《 高级英语 》重点词汇表整理第一册13

Lesson 13Britannia Rues the Waves

1.Nouns

grant, cartel, boom, doldrums, estuary, slump, buoyancy, tactic, warehouse, revenue, restrictions, subsidy, bloc, freight，deficit, pinch, inroad, perimeter, mothball, tonnage, lifeline, price-fixing, tactic, sterling, marine, freight vessel

2.Verbs

scramble, dominate, plummet, bite into, entrench, foresee, impose, ratify, diversify, expand, oversea, pioneer, churn out, lay down, undercut, counter, quadruple

3.Adjectives and adverbs

essential, significant, permanently, vital, stiff, massive, sophisticated, dignified, relatively, extensive, profitable, gradual, universal, obviously, powerless, dependent, numerous, regular, severe, hydrographic, ailing, cut-throat, dodgy, concerted, mercantile

4.Noun Phrases

balance of payments, eastern bloc countries, lion’s share of the trade, Iron Curtain countries, tax concessions, long-established companies, finished manufactured goods, scheduled freight liner service, a status symbol, to make a good killing in business

5.Verb phrases

grab the headlines, elbow out, cash in on, weather the bad times, throw in the towel, stand the test of,6.Other Phrases

in deficit, in peril, at a rate of, well over, in other words, be bent on, in terms of,

第四篇：高级英语修辞总结

1)Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词2)Metaphor：(暗喻)喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成3)Analogy:(类比)

4)Personification:(拟人)5)Hyperbole:(夸张)6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述）

7)Euphemism:(委婉)

8)Metonymy:(转喻）转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9)Synecdoche(提喻）整体代部分，部分代整体

10)Antonomasia(换喻）11)Pun:(双关语）12)Syllepsis:(一语双叙）

13)Zeugma:(轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。

14)Irony:(反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意

15)Innuendo:(暗讽）16)Sarcasm:(讽刺）17)Paradox:(似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句

18)Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰）

19)Antithesis:(对照)

20)Epigram:(警句）21)Climax:(渐进或递升法）22)Anti-climax or bathos:（突降，渐降)

23)Apostrophe：(顿呼）

24)Transferred Epithet:(移就，转类形容词）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。

25)Alliteration:(头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。

26)Onomatopoeia:(拟声）

27)Synaesthesia：(通感,联觉,移觉)

28）Parallelism(排比，平行)29）Allegory（讽喻，比方，寓言）30）Parody（仿拟）31）Rhetorical question（修辞疑问，反问）32）Rhetorical repetition（叠言）33）Allusion（典故，隐喻）34）anaphora（首语重复法）

第五篇：高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结

Personification:

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Hyperbole

Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects

1)...takes you...hundreds even thousands of years

2)innumerable lamps

3)with the dust of centuries

4)…

5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...6)America laughed with him.7).The trial that rocked the world

8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:

1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing

2).its anking, heel icking

3)appreciative chuckle

4)clucked his tongue

Metaphor

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)I had a lump in my throat At last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought..hen the meaning...sank in, jolting me outof my sad reverie little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt

little old Japan----traditional floating houses

6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact

Hiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb

(keep her thoughts under control)E.g.1)Whether for him, the arch 3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except and racial domination.a.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.(give sb.an angry and quick glare)

b.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.(the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)

c.Her tone...withered...(become shorter from her frightening voice)

d....self-assurance...flickered...(hesitate;move with a quick wavering light emotion)

e.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1)f.Her voice was a whiplash.i.(a heavy blow)

2)g.eyes bored into him

i.(look at him pointedly or sharply)

3)h.I’ll spell it out.a)(explain or speak outfrankly and in detail)

4)1.Mark Twain---Mirror of America

5)2.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise

through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.6)3.The geographic core, in Twain's early years was the great valley of the Mississippi

River , main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart.7)4.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied — a

cosmos.8)Cast of characters: people of various sorts;cosmos: a place where one can find all sorts

of characters

9)5.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but

its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will.10)current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem.11)6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in

Nevada 's Washoe region.12)Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush

prevailing in that area.13)7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the

persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…

14)

15)

16)

17)

18)

19)

20)

21)

22)

23)

24)

25)

26)

27)

28)

29)

30)

31)

32)

33)

34)failed 8.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada 's Washoe region.Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…failed Digging …fame: working hard to gain regional fameMark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.Honed: sharpened/exercised.It is not suitable to say “sharpen one's muscles”.saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...(submarine comes back to the surface, here reappear)When railroads began drying up the demand......took unholy verbal shots...my case would snowball into...our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…The case had erupted on my head.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a …But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan.Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death …

Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1)Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan

2)marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century

Anti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu.aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.1)a town known throughout the world for its---oysters

Parallelism

the repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relations







(1)The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...(2)the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector(3)We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(4)are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.(5)Let us...Let us...(6)He hopes...He hopes

(7)Behind all this glare, behind all this storm

Litotes(double negative)(语轻意重法,间接肯定法)

a)A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the opposite

direction.b).Sarcasm

1)ah, yes, for there are times when all pray

2)There is some doubt about that.3)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the

world.Alliteration（头韵）repetition of vowel sound

1)2)

3)4)its anking, heel ickingRhetorical question

1)E.g.… but can you doubt what our policy will be?

Assonance e.g.when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition –

Antithesis(两个结构相似但是意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句)

1)E.g.Anyman or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.(E.g.The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)

2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.3)...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...4)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever

Simile

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding...a memory that seemed phonographic...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh

wind …

Periodic sentence(圆周句)

Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense.The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思。圆周句的安排则相反：把最重要的意思放到最后面，并且直到最后一个词时句子的结构才完整。读者只有看完整句话才知道它说什么。

She decided to study English though she was interested in music.（松散句）

Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.（圆周句）

1)E.g.The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.2)aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.• Euphemism:

• 1)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man's final release from

earthly struggles

• 2)He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas

who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.1)Metonymy:

but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe

2)...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...3)The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he

must have come from below.Ridicule

1)Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted...2)Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.3)...a palm fan like a sword...Transferred epithet

1)e.g.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.2)Antithesis

3)e.g.The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that

he must have come from below.•

Oxymoron

Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.Pun

Darwin is right---inside.Synecdoche

The case had erupted on my head.