四川青城山导游词

第一篇：四川青城山导游词

各位女士、各位先生，我们现在出发去游览青城山。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘车前往大约需要20分钟，我想就利用途中的时间，给诸位介绍一下青城山的概况。

青城山距离成都市区63公里，因景区青山环列，林木繁茂，终年幽静清凉，历来是川西著名的游览和避暑的胜地。又因这里是中国道教的发源地之一，东汉以来历经二千多年，一直是道教存在和发展的重要基地，影响广及全国，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。说到这里，大家可能已经听出青城山的基本特点了；那就是离都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源远流长的风景名胜地，而且还要加上六个字：保护相当完好。因此，1982年就被国务院公布为第一批全国重点风景名胜区。1999年青城山与都江堰景区联名申报世界自然文化遗产，得到联合国教科文组织来的专家充分肯定。当然，“眼见为实”，一会儿大家亲临其境，就知道我所言非虚了。

青城山的得名有两种说法：一种说法是说青城山有阴阳36峰环状排列，峰锐崖陡，林木葱笼，宛如一座绿色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二种说法是说青城山原名清城山，青字有三点水偏旁，因古代神话说“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，这里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后来，道教创始人东汉的张陵张天师创立天师道以清城山为基地，道教主张“清虚自持”“返朴归真”的教义，与清城仙都的意思相合，山名就无变化。唐初佛教发展很快，清城山上发生了佛道间地盘之争，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，亲自下诏书判定“观还道家，寺依山外”。道家胜利了。可是诏书把清城山的清字写成了没有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝亲判的威力收回地盘，也就将清城山改称青城山了。

这个故事并非传说，山上保存的唐碑诏书全文具在，足以作证。

道教文化

据地质考察，青城山形成于1亿8千万年前的一次造山运动，山体抬升时受强烈挤压，岩层破碎。起伏较大，褶皱明显，所以山形千奇百怪，绝壁深壑，断崖裂石，处处显示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相传青城山区有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百单八是一个吉祥数字，表示景点很多，但人们更向往的是这里满布山岭的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那无尽的清凉幽意，以及历史悠久的道教文化和保护完好的宫观建筑艺术。

说到道教文化，由于道教在青城山两仟多年的存在和发展，特别是历代高道的主持和经营，青城山一直作为道家的祖山，俗家心目中的“神山”，而得到充分的保护。可以说，今天青城山的古建筑、古遗址、历史传说、饮食习俗，乃至林木花草，都渗透着道教文化的精神。青城山道教发展也有几个起落。远在东汉顺帝汉安二年(公元143年)，在邛崃山系的鹤鸣山(今大邑县境)修道的张陵，来到青城山赤城崖创立道教。因张陵被其弟子尊为“天师”，所创道教也叫“天师道”。天师道经过张陵及其子孙历代天师的创建和发展，逐渐扩及全国，晋隋时期，天师道有北天师道和南天师道的兴起和地区教派的产生。青城山所传属于南天师道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭来青城山，天师道传统乃与上清道结合。上清道宣称修行得道可升“上清天”，比旧天师道理想的“太清境”更高。杜光庭后来在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光禄大夫尚书户部侍郎，封上柱国蔡国公，晚年居青城山近30年，著书立说，对道教的发展影响很大。...www.xiexiebang.com第 一范文§网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有>>>

到南宋时，青城山道士李少微等人创清微派，以行雷法为能事，将内丹术与符咒术相结合，称“可以驱邪，可以治病，可以达帝，可以啸命风雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他为“雷渊广福真人”，一时信徒很多，青城山又再度兴旺起来。明代，青城山道教所传属于全真道龙门派。全真道与原来的天师正一道不同的是，它主张修道者要出家投师，住庵当道士，不娶妻室，不吃荤腥，创立了一套养身习静的修练方法。道士住山，自然对宫观的维护，山林的栽培就更为重视。明朝末年，战乱不断，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武当山全真道龙门派道士陈清觉来青城山主持教务，又使局面重新改观。后来陈在四川官员的帮助下，得到康熙皇帝的钦赐御书“丹台碧洞”，并封他为“碧洞真人”。

从此，青城山道系属于全真道龙门派丹台碧洞宗。新中国成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原来丹台碧洞宗的格局有所改变，但其在道教中仍是很有影响的一支。1957年，“中国道教协会”成立，青城山道士易心莹被选为副会长兼副秘书长。其后，傅元天道长也被选为中国道协副会长，1992年当选为会长，并兼任中国道教学院院长。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不来青城山的。

山门

各位贵宾，现在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典辉煌的山门和后面青翠入云的山林，总是让每一个来客感到—股浓浓的幽意，急于走进这清幽世界的心情也油然而生。请不要着急，让我们先看看山门旁的建福宫。

建福宫，在丈人峰下，始建于唐开元十八年(公元730年)，原名丈人洞，宋时朝廷赐名“会庆建福宫。”丈人峰因宁封得名，相传宁封是黄帝时的制陶官员，能履蹈烈焰，随烟上下，又能驾御风云，宁封帮助黄帝学会“龙跷飞行”之术，打败了蚩尤，统一华夏，被黄帝封为统领五岳的“五岳丈人”。宋时又加封蜀州青城山丈人观九天丈人、储福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，宁封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宫是清光绪十四年(公元1888年)重建，近年又进行过大规模的维修和补建。

建福宫建筑面积1196平方米。前建亭楼映衬，后有丹台翠林，门额建福宫三字是1940年国民政府主席林森所题，前殿叫“长生殿”，供的是晋代高道范长生。正殿是宁封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中间是太上老君，被尊为道教教主，左是东华帝君，即神话中的东卫公，为全真道的第一位祖师，右为道教全真派创立者王重阳。殿堂板壁上有张三丰祖师的诗。楹柱上挂的394字的“青城长联”，写景说典，有兴趣的可以一读。

索道

进山门，我们右行去月城湖坐索道上山。这条林间山道首先进人眼帘的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布着许多的桥、亭和牌坊，与林相配，因山取势，形成意趣不同的风景图画。山亭多取枯树为柱，以树皮盖顶，树根为凳，枯枝古藤为装饰，符合道教的清静无为，回归自然，与青幽的山景浑然一体。亭型也随景而异，有随路转折形成的三角亭——怡乐窝；有半倚山崖的方亭——泠然亭；有伫立峰顶的八角亭——息心亭；还有山路穿过而减柱的卧云亭，有随山势而成弧形的凝翠桥，这些山亭都应景造型，命名切景，又配有贴切的楹联，更富有诗意。各位在游程中将会不断看到。

月城湖到了。这里原有一股甘泉，名叫“丈人泉”。1985年人们在此筑坝拦水，形成湖泊。我们过湖乘索道缆车直达上清宫。从高处往下走，比步行登山省时省力，也就有更充足的时间和精力来游览了。索道全长980米，采用安全舒适的循环式吊椅载客，游人凌空观景，眼界开阔，别有情趣。

上清宫

下索道，已是上清宫景区的四望观。

上清宫位于高台山之阳，是青城山现存38处宫观中位置最高的一座道观，宫门上有门楼，上清宫三个大字是蒋介石手书，两旁联文是国民党元老、书法家于右任撰书“于今百草承元化，自古名山待圣人”，说青城山的草木都得到了道家仙气的沾染，自古这座名山就等待各位朋友的光临。另一副是爱国将领冯玉祥撰书的称颂道教的对联，字体恭整好认，我就不逐字念读了。殿的右侧南楼前有两井并列，称为鸳鸯八封井。两井—方一圆，其泉源相通，但一浑一清，一浅一深，井旁刻有国画大师张大千手书“鸳鸯井”三字。殿右侧厅有楠木板壁刻《道德经》全文。殿左侧有长廊通向配殿，内祀孔子和关羽，取名文武殿，两旁有张大千所绘麻姑、王母、三丰祖师、花蕊夫人画像石刻。文武殿右下为麻姑池，传为麻姑浴丹处，形如半月，深广数尺，水色碧绿，长年不竭不溢。

上清官主殿供奉的是太上老君，也就是道教的教祖老子。由文武殿前长廊再前行到皇经楼，出院门至圣灯亭。旁有小路直上高台山的峰顶——彭祖峰，山上有亭叫呼应亭，取“登高一呼，众山皆应”之意，现在改建成一个接待点，又在其更高处新修了“老君阁”。

三层楼的罩式高阁里面供奉着道教教主李老君骑青牛的巨大铜像。请大家上阁去看。站在老君阁的三楼观光廊上，凭廊远眺，青城诸峰，碧绿一片，拱伏眼界，山风横过，翠浪起伏，那份清心爽目的舒适和快意，真是难以形容。再远看，岷山隐隐，岷江如带，婉蜒飘逸。成都平原如千里锦绣，历历在目。如果夜宿上清宫，那么还可赏神灯、观日出、看云海，这是青城山的三大奇观，各有奇趣。

沿路下山，前面要经过一段崎毗陡峭的山路，虽有扶手铁链，也请大家小心，经过大小朝阳洞，到“访宁桥”路就好走了。

祖师殿

访宁桥往左约二里到祖师殿。此殿始建于晋，原名洞天观，现存殿宇建于清同治四年(公元1865年)，供奉真武大帝和三丰祖师，故又名真武宫。祖师殿面对的山谷叫白云溪，背后是轩辕峰，林岚掩映，环境清幽。古迹有唐代高道杜光庭读书的“读书台”。

1982年被定为全国道教重点宫观。殿右那条小道可去青城后山。冯玉祥将军在抗战期间三次到过青城山，1945年那次住祖师殿。得到日本无条件投降的消息后，将军不胜喜悦，在殿侧刻碑筑亭以为纪念，此碑现在祖师殿内，作为文物保护。

快到天师洞了，这里叫古龙桥，请看南面那条山缝，从崖顶直到山脚笔直裂开的一条石缝，说是山缝，实际约有18米宽，深达70多米，景色奇险，传说是张天师为降伏青城山的妖魔鬼怪，念咒画符之后，朱笔一掷，笔迹裂山为槽，人们就叫它为“掷笔槽”。

天师殿

这里是天师殿，我们通常说的天师洞景区是指古常道观为代表的一组宫观建筑群。天师殿是最上部也是常道观的最后一殿。这殿位于第三混元顶的岩腹洞前，清光绪十年重建。

上层洞窟里面供的张天师，因此人们说这里才是名符其实的天师洞。请看这座隋代石刻的张天师像、三只眼睛怒视，神态威严，左掌直伸，现出掌中“阳平治都功印”，据说是天师以镇山之宝降魔的法像。旁边是他的第30代孙、宋代虚靖天师的塑像，和气文雅，一副济世救人的形象。天师殿是天师道的祖庭，过去的江西龙虎山历代天师就任后，都要到这里朝拜。

往前为“三皇殿”，内有伏羲、神农、轩辕三皇石像各一尊，神座前有唐代开元皇帝书碑，令“观还道家．寺依山外旧所”，十分宝贵，世代传为镇山之宝。其它碑刻有张大千先生的“天师像”和《龙门派碧洞宗道脉渊源碑》等，都是值得观赏的文物。

黄帝祠在正殿“三清殿”后，我们从上清宫下来，是从后向前看，所以先看天师殿，再进黄帝祠，最后再游三清殿。黄帝祠是供奉的轩辕黄帝。殿宇重檐回廊，古朴静雅，横额上有国民党元老、大书法家于石任手书的“古黄帝祠”四个金字，祠前的“轩辕黄帝洞碑”刻的是冯玉样将军1943年撰题的颂词：“轩辕黄帝，伟大民祖，战功烈烈，仁爱各族。制礼作乐，能文能武，垂教子孙，流芳千古。”这位中华民族的始祖，受人崇敬，尊之为神。青城山因有黄帝到丈人山，访宁封修习“龙跷飞行”之术的传说故事，所以早在隋朝年间山上就立洞祭祀了。

三清殿

现在我们游览三清殿。三清殿是天师洞景区最宏伟和最值得欣赏的道教宫观建筑。

大殿为重檐歇山顶楼阁式建筑，建于1923年，近年又进行过维修。殿前通廊以九级石阶接托，前檐以六根大石圆柱支撑，石柱又分别立于高1．2米、精雕奇兽图案的石础上面，显得庄严而又十分气派。殿堂横列五大开间，共580平方米，前后檐柱和经柱共有4．4米高的整石圆雕大柱28根，石柱上端撑弓、弯门全系镂空花刻，有飞禽走兽，人物花草，色调素雅，与建筑配合和谐协调。楼上是“无极殿”，楼正中有八角形楼井，用于采光通风，还可卸去游人压抑之感，正中悬有康熙御书“丹台碧洞”匾额。殿内供奉道教至高无上的三位尊神：居于玉清化境(在清微天)的元始天尊，象征洪元世纪；居于上清化境(在禹余天)的灵宝天尊，象征混元世纪；居于太清仙境(在大赤天)的道德天尊，象征太初世纪。这位道德天尊即太上老君。三位天尊合称“三清”，所以这里叫“三清殿”。

殿前的石栏上，刻有许多人像，光头露背，翻腾扑跃，嬉闹戏耍，头光上没有戒疤，天灵盖下凹未平，有的还有“毛根儿”，穿开挡裤，若婴孩形象，是为“赤子”。按《道德经》说：“常德不离，得力归于婴儿”，教人要保持纯洁、善良的赤子之心，认为修道的人要回返到童心不泯的境界。石雕中还设计了一些乐器，那海螺遇到山风，会发出悦耳的声音，叫“天籁”。这组石雕就天簌婴灵图，反映了道教的哲理和审美情趣。

殿前还有一株古银杏，高约30米，树冠直径36米，传为张天师手植。

下山

走出古常道观的山门，天师洞景区的游览告一段落，请大家再看一下这宫观的位置，当初的选址人是何等的高明!

古常道观位处白云溪和海棠峰之间山坪上，海拔高1000米，后有第三混元顶耸立如屏，左接青龙岗，右携黑虎塘，三面环山，前方白云谷视野开阔，可望千崖迤逦，万树凝烟，身居深山目及天际，一派神仙都会的境界。而且天师洞的宫观建筑把山门、三清殿和黄帝殿作为核心，布置在中轴线上，大小十多个天井和曲折环绕的外廊，随地形高低错落，把殿宇楼阁联成一片，廊柱上楹联诗刻，天井中古木奇花，充满诗情画意，与周围的山景相衬，分外幽雅。十分符合道教的融于自然的思想。

各位朋友，现在顺路下山。我们今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何时候更青幽、更美丽，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何时期更多。这是因为，解放后，特别是改革开放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宫观亭阁得到了政府的高度重视和充分保护，1999年，都江堰——青城山景区正式申报自然文化双遗产，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、财力、使青城山焕发了青春，更加靓丽。

大家就要离开青城山了，如果有的朋友想带土特产回去馈赠亲朋好友，我介绍四样青城山有名的特产：白果炖鸡、洞天乳酒、青城贡茶、洞天泡菜。

第二篇：四川青城山导游词

青城山，世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家重点风景名胜区、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全球道教天师道圣地，中国四大道教名山之一，五大仙山之一，中国道教发祥地之一，成都十景之一。下面是小编收集整理的四川青城山导游词范文，欢迎借鉴参考。四川青城山导游词（一）

各位女士、各位先生，我们现在出发去游览青城山，青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘车前往大约需要20分钟，我想就利用途中的时间，给诸位介绍一下青城山的概况。

青城山距离成都市区63公里，因景区青山环列，林木繁茂，终年幽静清凉，历来是川西著名的游览和避暑的胜地。又因这里是中国道教的发源地之一，东汉以来历经二千多年，一直是道教存在和发展的重要基地，影响广及全国，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。说到这里，大家可能已经听出青城山的基本特点了；那就是离都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源远流长的风景名胜地，而且还要加上六个字：保护相当完好。因此，1982年就被国务院公布为第一批全国重点风景名胜区。1999年青城山与都江堰景区联名申报世界自然文化遗产，得到联合国教科文组织来的专家充分肯定。当然，眼见为实”，一会儿大家亲临其境，就知道我所言非虚了。

青城山的得名有两种说法：一种说法是说青城山有阴阳36峰环状排列，峰锐崖陡，林木葱笼，宛如一座绿色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二种说法是说青城山原名清城山，青字有三点水偏旁，因古代神话说清都、紫微，天帝所居”，这里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名清城山”。后来，道教创始人东汉的张陵张天师创立天师道以清城山为基地，道教主张清虚自持”返朴归真”的教义，与清城仙都的意思相合，山名就无变化。唐初佛教发展很快，清城山上发生了佛道间地盘之争，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，亲自下诏书判定观还道家，寺依山外”。道家胜利了。可是诏书把清城山的清字写成了没有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝亲判的威力收回地盘，也就将清城山改称青城山了。

这个故事并非传说，山上保存的唐碑诏书全文具在，足以作证。

道教文化

据地质考察，青城山形成于1亿8千万年前的一次造山运动，山体抬升时受强烈挤压，岩层破碎。起伏较大，褶皱明显，所以山形千奇百怪，绝壁深壑，断崖裂石，处处显示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相传青城山区有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百单八是一个吉祥数字，表示景点很多，但人们更向往的是这里满布山岭的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那无尽的清凉幽意，以及历史悠久的道教文化和保护完好的宫观建筑艺术。

说到道教文化，由于道教在青城山两仟多年的存在和发展，特别是历代高道的主持和经营，青城山一直作为道家的祖山，俗家心目中的神山”，而得到充分的保护。可以说，今天青城山的古建筑、古遗址、历史传说、饮食习俗，乃至林木花草，都渗透着道教文化的精神。青城山道教发展也有几个起落。远在东汉顺帝汉安二年（公元143年），在邛崃山系的鹤鸣山（今大邑县境）修道的张陵，来到青城山赤城崖创立道教。因张陵被其弟子尊为天师”，所创道教也叫天师道”。天师道经过张陵及其子孙历代天师的创建和发展，逐渐扩及全国，晋隋时期，天师道有北天师道和南天师道的兴起和地区教派的产生。青城山所传属于南天师道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭来青城山，天师道传统乃与上清道结合。上清道宣称修行得道可升上清天”，比旧天师道理想的太清境”更高。杜光庭后来在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光禄大夫尚书户部侍郎，封上柱国蔡国公，晚年居青城山近30年，著书立说，对道教的发展影响很大。

到南宋时，青城山道士李少微等人创清微派，以行雷法为能事，将内丹术与符咒术相结合，称可以驱邪，可以治病，可以达帝，可以啸命风雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他为雷渊广福真人”，一时信徒很多，青城山又再度兴旺起来。明代，青城山道教所传属于全真道龙门派。全真道与原来的天师正一道不同的是，它主张修道者要出家投师，住庵当道士，不娶妻室，不吃荤腥，创立了一套养身习静的修练方法。道士住山，自然对宫观的维护，山林的栽培就更为重视。明朝末年，战乱不断，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武当山全真道龙门派道士陈清觉来青城山主持教务，又使局面重新改观。后来陈在四川官员的帮助下，得到康熙皇帝的钦赐御书丹台碧洞”，并封他为碧洞真人”。

从此，青城山道系属于全真道龙门派丹台碧洞宗。新中国成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原来丹台碧洞宗的格局有所改变，但其在道教中仍是很有影响的一支。1957年，中国道教协会”成立，青城山道士易心莹被选为副会长兼副秘书长。其后，傅元天道长也被选为中国道协副会长，1992年当选为会长，并兼任中国道教学院院长。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不来青城山的。

山门

各位贵宾，现在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典辉煌的山门和后面青翠入云的山林，总是让每一个来客感到—股浓浓的幽意，急于走进这清幽世界的心情也油然而生。请不要着急，让我们先看看山门旁的建福宫。

建福宫，在丈人峰下，始建于唐开元十八年（公元730年），原名丈人洞，宋时朝廷赐名会庆建福宫。”丈人峰因宁封得名，相传宁封是黄帝时的制陶官员，能履蹈烈焰，随烟上下，又能驾御风云，宁封帮助黄帝学会龙跷飞行”之术，打败了蚩尤，统一华夏，被黄帝封为统领五岳的五岳丈人”。宋时又加封蜀州青城山丈人观九天丈人、储福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，宁封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宫是清光绪十四年（公元1888年）重建，近年又进行过大规模的维修和补建。

建福宫建筑面积1196平方米。前建亭楼映衬，后有丹台翠林，门额建福宫三字是1940年国民的政府主席林森所题，前殿叫长生殿”，供的是晋代高道范长生。正殿是宁封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中间是太上老君，被尊为道教教主，左是东华帝君，即神话中的东卫公，为全真道的第一位祖师，右为道教全真派创立者王重阳。殿堂板壁上有张三丰祖师的诗。楹柱上挂的394字的青城长联”，写景说典，有兴趣的可以一读。

索道

进山门，我们右行去月城湖坐索道上山。这条林间山道首先进人眼帘的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布着许多的桥、亭和牌坊，与林相配，因山取势，形成意趣不同的风景图画。山亭多取枯树为柱，以树皮盖顶，树根为凳，枯枝古藤为装饰，符合道教的清静无为，回归自然，与青幽的山景浑然一体。亭型也随景而异，有随路转折形成的三角亭——怡乐窝；有半倚山崖的方亭——泠然亭；有伫立峰顶的八角亭——息心亭；还有山路穿过而减柱的卧云亭，有随山势而成弧形的凝翠桥，这些山亭都应景造型，命名切景，又配有贴切的楹联，更富有诗意。各位在游程中将会不断看到。

月城湖到了。这里原有一股甘泉，名叫丈人泉”。1985年人们在此筑坝拦水，形成湖泊。我们过湖乘索道缆车直达上清宫。从高处往下走，比步行登山省时省力，也就有更充足的时间和精力来游览了。索道全长980米，采用安全舒适的循环式吊椅载客，游人凌空观景，眼界开阔，别有情趣。

上清宫

下索道，已是上清宫景区的四望观。

上清宫位于高台山之阳，是青城山现存38处宫观中位置最高的一座道观，宫门上有门楼，上清宫三个大字是手书，两旁联文是元老、书法家于右任撰书于今百草承元化，自古名山待圣人”，说青城山的草木都得到了道家仙气的沾染，自古这座名山就等待各位朋友的光临。另一副是爱国将领冯玉祥撰书的称颂道教的对联，字体恭整好认，我就不逐字念读了。殿的右侧南楼前有两井并列，称为鸳鸯八封井。两井—方一圆，其泉源相通，但一浑一清，一浅一深，井旁刻有国画大师张大千手书鸳鸯井”三字。殿右侧厅有楠木板壁刻《道德经》全文。殿左侧有长廊通向配殿，内祀孔子和关羽，取名文武殿，两旁有张大千所绘麻姑、王母、三丰祖师、花蕊夫人画像石刻。文武殿右下为麻姑池，传为麻姑浴丹处，形如半月，深广数尺，水色碧绿，长年不竭不溢。

上清官主殿供奉的是太上老君，也就是道教的教祖老子。由文武殿前长廊再前行到皇经楼，出院门至圣灯亭。旁有小路直上高台山的峰顶——彭祖峰，山上有亭叫呼应亭，取登高一呼，众山皆应”之意，现在改建成一个接待点，又在其更高处新修了老君阁”。

三层楼的罩式高阁里面供奉着道教教主李老君骑青牛的巨大铜像。请大家上阁去看。站在老君阁的三楼观光廊上，凭廊远眺，青城诸峰，碧绿一片，拱伏眼界，山风横过，翠浪起伏，那份清心爽目的舒适和快意，真是难以形容。再远看，岷山隐隐，岷江如带，婉蜒飘逸。成都平原如千里锦绣，历历在目。如果夜宿上清宫，那么还可赏神灯、观日出、看云海，这是青城山的三大奇观，各有奇趣。

沿路下山，前面要经过一段崎毗陡峭的山路，虽有扶手铁链，也请大家小心，经过大小朝阳洞，到访宁桥”路就好走了。

祖师殿

访宁桥往左约二里到祖师殿。此殿始建于晋，原名洞天观，现存殿宇建于清同治四年（公元1865年），供奉真武大帝和三丰祖师，故又名真武宫。祖师殿面对的山谷叫白云溪，背后是轩辕峰，林岚掩映，环境清幽。古迹有唐代高道杜光庭读书的读书台”。

1982年被定为全国道教重点宫观。殿右那条小道可去青城后山。冯玉祥将军在抗战期间三次到过青城山，1945年那次住祖师殿。得到日本无条件投降的消息后，将军不胜喜悦，在殿侧刻碑筑亭以为纪念，此碑现在祖师殿内，作为文物保护。

快到天师洞了，这里叫古龙桥，请看南面那条山缝，从崖顶直到山脚笔直裂开的一条石缝，说是山缝，实际约有18米宽，深达70多米，景色奇险，传说是张天师为降伏青城山的妖魔鬼怪，念咒画符之后，朱笔一掷，笔迹裂山为槽，人们就叫它为掷笔槽”。

天师殿

这里是天师殿，我们通常说的天师洞景区是指古常道观为代表的一组宫观建筑群。天师殿是最上部也是常道观的最后一殿。这殿位于第三混元顶的岩腹洞前，清光绪十年重建。

上层洞窟里面供的张天师，因此人们说这里才是名符其实的天师洞。请看这座隋代石刻的张天师像、三只眼睛怒视，神态威严，左掌直伸，现出掌中阳平治都功印”，据说是天师以镇山之宝降魔的法像。旁边是他的第30代孙、宋代虚靖天师的塑像，和气文雅，一副济世救人的形象。天师殿是天师道的祖庭，过去的江西龙虎山历代天师就任后，都要到这里朝拜。

往前为三皇殿”，内有伏羲、神农、轩辕三皇石像各一尊，神座前有唐代的开元皇帝书碑，令观还道家。寺依山外旧所”，十分宝贵，世代传为镇山之宝。其它碑刻有张大千先生的天师像”和《龙门派碧洞宗道脉渊源碑》等，都是值得观赏的文物。

黄帝祠在正殿三清殿”后，我们从上清宫下来，是从后向前看，所以先看天师殿，再进黄帝祠，最后再游三清殿。黄帝祠是供奉的轩辕黄帝。殿宇重檐回廊，古朴静雅，横额上有元老、大书法家于石任手书的古黄帝祠”四个金字，祠前的轩辕黄帝洞碑”刻的是冯玉样将军1943年撰题的颂词：轩辕黄帝，伟大民祖，战功烈烈，仁爱各族。制礼作乐，能文能武，垂教子孙，流芳千古。”这位中华民族的始祖，受人崇敬，尊之为神。青城山因有黄帝到丈人山，访宁封修习龙跷飞行”之术的传说故事，所以早在隋朝年间山上就立洞祭祀了。

三清殿

现在我们游览三清殿。三清殿是天师洞景区最宏伟和最值得欣赏的道教宫观建筑。

大殿为重檐歇山顶楼阁式建筑，建于1923年，近年又进行过维修。殿前通廊以九级石阶接托，前檐以六根大石圆柱支撑，石柱又分别立于高1.2米、精雕奇兽图案的石础上面，显得庄严而又十分气派。殿堂横列五大开间，共580平方米，前后檐柱和经柱共有4.4米高的整石圆雕大柱28根，石柱上端撑弓、弯门全系镂空花刻，有飞禽走兽，人物花草，色调素雅，与建筑配合和谐协调。楼上是无极殿”，楼正中有八角形楼井，用于采光通风，还可卸去游人压抑之感，正中悬有康熙御书丹台碧洞”匾额。殿内供奉道教至高无上的三位尊神：居于玉清化境（在清微天）的元始天尊，象征洪元世纪；居于上清化境（在禹余天）的灵宝天尊，象征混元世纪；居于太清仙境（在大赤天）的道德天尊，象征太初世纪。这位道德天尊即太上老君。三位天尊合称三清”，所以这里叫三清殿”。

殿前的石栏上，刻有许多人像，光头露背，翻腾扑跃，嬉闹戏耍，头光上没有戒疤，天灵盖下凹未平，有的还有毛根儿”，穿开挡裤，若婴孩形象，是为赤子”。按《道德经》说：常德不离，得力归于婴儿”，教人要保持纯洁、善良的赤子之心，认为修道的人要回返到童心不泯的境界。石雕中还设计了一些乐器，那海螺遇到山风，会发出悦耳的声音，叫天籁”。这组石雕就天簌婴灵图，反映了道教的哲理和审美情趣。

殿前还有一株古银杏，高约30米，树冠直径36米，传为张天师手植。

下山

走出古常道观的山门，天师洞景区的游览告一段落，请大家再看一下这宫观的位置，当初的选址人是何等的高明！

古常道观位处白云溪和海棠峰之间山坪上，海拔高1000米，后有第三混元顶耸立如屏，左接青龙岗，右携黑虎塘，三面环山，前方白云谷视野开阔，可望千崖迤逦，万树凝烟，身居深山目及天际，一派神仙都会的境界。而且天师洞的宫观建筑把山门、三清殿和黄帝殿作为核心，布置在中轴线上，大小十多个天井和曲折环绕的外廊，随地形高低错落，把殿宇楼阁联成一片，廊柱上楹联诗刻，天井中古木奇花，充满诗情画意，与周围的山景相衬，分外幽雅。十分符合道教的融于自然的思想。

各位朋友，现在顺路下山。我们今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何时候更青幽、更美丽，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何时期更多。这是因为，解放后，特别是改革开放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宫观亭阁得到了政府的高度重视和充分保护，1999年，都江堰——青城山景区正式申报自然文化双遗产，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、财力、使青城山焕发了青春，更加靓丽。

大家就要离开青城山了，如果有的朋友想带土特产回去馈赠亲朋好友，我介绍四样青城山有名的特产：白果炖鸡、洞天乳酒、青城贡茶、洞天泡菜。

城山位于都江堰市西南，东距成都市区68公里。青城山是世界文化遗产，中国四大道教名山之一

青城山镇镇境有省道大三公路穿越，入青城山公路在镇治地与其连接，公路总长29公里，其中水泥路面19公里。有村道6条，总长8.7公里，一般宽为5—6米。1999年，实现村村通电话目标。青城山镇建立后，镇境逐步建立起真正意义上的企业，镇企业以生产旅游产品为主。至1999年末，有酿造、茶叶加工、制陶及食品与竹木加工等企业24个，其中个体私营7家。主要产品为老妈红系列酒、老腊肉、青城泡菜、青城山老窖系列、紫砂制品等，年产值7002万元，营销收入6750万元。

青城山是国家级风景名胜区，历史悠久，闻名遐迩。1986年后，又先后自筹和引进资金十数亿元，兴建了月城湖、月城湖至四望观的架空索道，开辟了青城后山风景区，建成了王小波、李顺起义陈列馆，恢复了泰安古镇，开辟成了水晶溶洞、神仙洞、白云群洞、翠映湖、五龙沟、红岩等景点，修建了泰安寺至又一村、又一村至白云寺的架空索道，兴建了娱乐中心、味江漂流冲浪、旅游小火车等游乐设施，修建了别墅、度假村、宾馆、会议中心等旅游服务设施。同时加强和不断完善景区管理，青城山景区已连续多年被评为省级优秀旅游风景区。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘车前往大约需要20分钟，我想就利用途中的时间，给诸位介绍一下青城山的概况。

青城山距离成都市区63公里，因景区青山环列，林木繁茂，终年幽静清凉，历来是川西著名的游览和避暑的胜地。又因这里是中国道教的发源地之一，东汉以来历经二千多年，一直是道教存在和发展的重要基地，影响广及全国，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。说到这里，大家可能已经听出青城山的基本特点了；那就是离都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源远流长的风景名胜地，而且还要加上六个字：保护相当完好。因此，1982年就被国务院公布为第一批全国重点风景名胜区。1999年青城山与都江堰景区联名申报世界自然文化遗产，得到联合国教科文组织来的专家充分肯定。当然，“眼见为实”，一会儿大家亲临其境，就知道我所言非虚了。

青城山的得名有两种说法：一种说法是说青城山有阴阳36峰环状排列，峰锐崖陡，林木葱笼，宛如一座绿色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二种说法是说青城山原名清城山，青字有三点水偏旁，因古代神话说“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，这里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后来，道教创始人东汉的张陵张天师创立天师道以清城山为基地，道教主张“清虚自持”“返朴归真”的教义，与清城仙都的意思相合，山名就无变化。

唐初佛教发展很快，清城山上发生了佛道间地盘之争，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，亲自下诏书判定“观还道家，寺依山外”。道家胜利了。可是诏书把清城山的清字写成了没有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝亲判的威力收回地盘，也就将清城山改称青城山了。

青城山为中国道教发源地之一，属道教名山。位于四川省都江堰市西南，古名“天仓山”，又名“丈人山”。东距成都市68公里，处于都江堰水利工程西南10公里处。主峰老霄顶海拔1600米。在四川名山中与剑门之险、峨嵋之秀、夔门之雄齐名，有“青城天下幽”之美誉。青城山是中国著名的历史名山和国家重点风景名胜区，并于2000年同都江堰共同作为一项世界文化遗产被列入世界遗产名录。2008年汶川地震中青城山受到比较大的影响。青城山在历史上名称很多，曾叫“汶山”、“天谷山”、渎山、丈人山、赤城山、清城都、天国山等名。青城山被誉为“天下第五名山”。

青城山，世界文化遗产，世界自然遗产，中国四大道教名山之一，全国重点文物保护单位，国家重点风景名胜区，国家AAAAA级旅游景区。青城山位于都江堰市西南，东距成都市区68公里。主峰老霄顶海拔1260米。青城山群峰环绕起伏、林木葱茏幽翠，享有“青城天下幽”的美誊。青城山历史悠久，是中国道教发祥地之一，是全国道教十大洞天的第五洞天。

青城山分前、后山。前山是青城山风景名胜区的主体部分，约15平方千米，景色优美，文物古迹众多，主要景点有建福宫、天然图画、天师洞、朝阳洞、祖师殿、上清宫等；后山总面积100平方公里，水秀、林幽、山雄，高不可攀，直上而去，冬天则寒气逼人、夏天则凉爽无比，蔚为奇观，主要景点有金壁天仓、圣母洞、山泉雾潭、白云群洞、天桥奇景等。

自古以来，人们以“幽”字来概括青城山的特色。青城山空翠四合，峰峦、溪谷、宫观皆掩映于繁茂苍翠的林木之中。道观亭阁取材自然，不假雕饰，与山林岩泉融为一体，体现出道家崇尚朴素自然的风格。堪称青城山特色的还有日出、云海、圣灯三大自然奇观。其中圣灯（又称神灯）尤为奇特。上清宫是观赏圣灯的最佳观景处。每逢雨后天晴的夏日，夜幕降临后，在上清宫附近的圣灯亭内可见山中光亮点点，闪烁飘荡，少时三、五盏，忽生忽灭，多时成百上千，山谷一时灿若星汉。传说是“神仙都会”青城山的神仙朝贺张天师时点亮的灯笼，称为圣灯。实际上，这只是山中磷氧化燃烧的自然景象。青城之幽素为历代文人墨客所推崇，唐代“诗圣”杜甫来到青城山写下了“自为青城客，不唾青城地。为爱丈人山，丹梯近幽意”的佳句。

1940年前后，当代国画大师张大千举家寓居青城山上清宫。他寻幽探胜，泼墨弄清彩，作品愈千幅，还篆刻图章一方，自号“青城客”。六十年代，张大千在远隔重洋的巴西圣保罗画巨幅《青城山全图》，供自己及家人卧游。晚年自云：“看山还故乡青”，“而今能画不能归”，终身对故乡青城仙山充满着眷恋之情。在中国，这世外桃源是十分美丽的。

青城山是中国道教的发源地之一，属于道教名山。建福宫，始建于唐代，规模颇大。天然图画坊，是清光绪年间建造的一座阁。天师洞，洞中有“天师”张道陵及其三十代孙“虚靖天师”像。现存殿宇建于清末，规模宏伟，雕刻精细，并有不少珍贵文物和古树。

青城山位于中国西部四川省都江堰市西南15公里处。因为山上树木茂盛，四季常青，故历来享有“青城天下幽”的美誉。

青城山是中国道教的重要发祥地。全山的道教宫观以天师洞为核心，包括建福宫、上清宫、祖师殿、圆明宫、老君阁、玉清宫、朝阳洞等10余座。建福宫建于唐开元十八年（公元730年），现存建筑为清代光绪年间（公元1888年）重建。现有大殿三重，分别奉祀道教名人和诸神，殿内柱上的394字的对联，被赞为“青城一绝”。天然图画坊位于龙居山牌坊岗的山脊上，是一座十角重檐式的亭阁，建于清光绪（公元1875～1909年）年间。这里风景优美，游人到此仿佛置身画中，故将其称为“天然图画”。

这些建筑充分体现了道家追求自然的思想，一般采用按中轴线对称展开的传统手法，并依据地形地貌，巧妙地构建各种建筑。建筑装饰上也反映了道教追求吉祥、长寿和升仙的思想。对于深入研究中国古代的道教哲学思想，有着重要的历史和艺术价值。

青城山因其的秀丽的自然风光和众多道教建筑而成为天下名山，自古就是游览胜地和隐居修练之处，文人墨客们留下了的珍贵“墨宝”，为这座名山增添了丰富的人文景观。特别是为数众多的楹联，不但赞美了青城山的美丽，还颂扬了道教思想、道教经典，表达出对中华民族的人文初祖由衷的敬意，以及对国家兴衰、民生荣辱的关注。

第三篇：青城山风景区导游词

青城山是中国道教的发源地之一，属于道教名山。建福宫，始建于唐代，规模颇大。天然图画坊，是清光绪年间建造的一座阁。下面是小编为大家整理的青城山导游词，希望可以帮助到你。青城山风景区导游词1

来自全国各地的朋友们，你们好！因在此的朋友们来自祖国不同的地方，有道是“有缘千里来相会”相聚在里，这就是缘份，希望各位朋友都能珍惜旅途中一起同行的缘份，能在旅游活动中彼此关照。请大家跟随我。大家来四川之前一定听过“拜水都江堰，问道青城山”广告词。今天我们就先“问道青城山”。青城山位于四川省都江堰市西南、成都平原西北部青城山——都江堰风景区内，距成都68千米，距都江堰市区16千米。古称丈人山，为邛崃山脉的分支。主峰老霄顶海拔1260米。全山林木青翠，四季常青，诸峰环峙，状若城郭，故名青城山。丹梯千级，曲径通幽，以幽洁取胜，自古就有“青城天下幽”的美誉。与剑门之险、峨眉之秀、夔门之雄齐名。青城山背靠千里岷江，俯瞰成都平原，景区面积200平方千米。古人记述中，青城山有“三十六峰”“八大洞”“七十二小洞”“一百八景”之说。青城山分前，后山。前山是青城山风景名胜区的主体部分，约15平方千米，景色优美，文物古迹众多，主要景点有建福宫，天然图画、天师洞、朝阳洞、祖师殿，上清宫等：后山总面积100平方千米，水秀，林幽、山雄，高不可攀，直上而去，冬天则寒气通人，夏天则凉爽无比，蔚为奇观，主要景点有金壁天仓、圣母洞、山泉雾潭、白云群洞、天桥奇景等。1982年，青城山作为四川青城山——都江堰风景名胜区的重要组成部分，被国务院批准列人第一批国家级风景名胜区名单。2000年，都江堰及青城山被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。2007年，青城山一都江堰旅游景区被评为首批国家AAAAA级旅游景区。

各位游客朋友，自古以来，人们以“幽”字来概括青城山的特色。青城山空翠四合，峰峦，溪谷、宫观皆掩映于繁茂苍翠的林木之中。道观亭阁取材于自然，不加雕饰，与山林岩泉融为一体，体现出道家崇尚朴素自然的风格。彰显青城山特色的还有日出，云海、圣灯三大自然奇观。其中圣灯（又称神灯）尤为奇特。上清宫是观赏圣灯的最佳观景处。每逢雨后天晴的夏日，夜幕降临后，在上清宫附近的圣灯亭内可见山中光亮点点，闪烁飘荡，少时三五盏，忽生忽灭，多时成百上千，山谷一时灿若星汉。传说是青城山的神仙朝贺张天师时点亮的灯笼，称为圣灯。实际上，这只是山中磷氧化燃烧的自然景象。青城之幽素为历代文人墨客所推崇，唐代“诗圣”杜甫来到青城山后，写下了“自为青城客，不唾青城地。为爱丈人山，丹梯近幽意”的佳句。1940年前后，当代国画大师张大千举家寓居青城山上清宫。他寻幽探胜，泼墨弄彩，作品逾千幅，还篆刻图章一方，自号“青城客”。20世纪60年代，张大千在远隔重洋的巴西圣保罗画巨幅《青城山全图》，晚年自云：“看山还是故乡青”，“而今能画不能归”，终身对故乡青城仙山充满着眷恋之情。

各位游客朋友，现在我们来到了青城山著名道教宫观——建福宫。建福宫坐落于丈人峰下，始建于唐开元十八年（公元730年），后经历代多次修复，现仅存两殿三院，为清代光绪年间（公元1888年）重建。现有大殿三重，分别奉祀道教名人和诸神，殿内柱上的394字的对联，被赞为“青城一绝”。建福宫筑于峭壁之下，气度非凡。其左侧是明庆府王妃遗址，西行一千米，即至岩石耸立，云雾缭绕的“天然图画”。南宋诗人陆游有诗描写当时的建福宫是“黄金篆书榜金门，夹道巨竹屯苍云。岩岭划若天地分，千柱眈眈在其垠”。观宫内保存有古木假山，委心亭，明庆符王妃的梳妆台遗址以及壁画、楹联等文物。

各位游客朋友，现在我们看到的就是老君阁，老君阁位于青城第一峰绝顶（即彭祖峰顶，或称高台山、老霄顶），海拔高1260米，顶上原有呼应亭，取“登高一呼，众山皆应”之意。20世纪80年代末改亭建阁。2008年“5.12”特大地震毁坏后，今重建阁高33米，共九层，下方上圆，层有八角，象征天圆地方，太极八卦；外观呈塔形，尖顶，中堆三圆宝，寓意天地人三才。

重建以前老君阁造像，以徐悲鸿当年在青城的遗作《紫气东来》为蓝本，经许多学者、艺术家和鉴赏家精研，并由青城山道友绘制、塑造而成。老君像高十三米六，连牛身通高十六米。悉按古典建筑规范，用钢筋水泥浇铸，精铜包里，金光炫目，栩栩如生。老君阁建筑群包括东华殿等处。其中东华殿的一百平方米，长五间，中祀东华帝君，左右龛分祀吕纯阳及锺离权。老君阁于一九九二年秋兴建，历时三载竣工。为八百里青城圣境，又创一宏伟奇观。

各位朋友，咱们的行程就要结束了，在这里呢，我想把祝福送给大家，我衷心祝愿咱们能够再次重逢在阳光灿烂的季节。谢谢大家！

亲爱的游客朋友们，大家好！欢迎来到青城山景区参观游览！我是各位今天的导游小×，很高兴能陪伴大家旅行，在今天的游览过程中，请您全程紧跟团队，注意安全，祝您旅途愉快！

作为川中名山的青城山，背倚莽莽苍苍的千里岷山，面对一马平川的成都平原，坐落于四川省成都市都江堰市西南，距离成都仅68公里，地理位置极为优越。早在汉代，这里就已经成为我国道教发源地之一。青城山与伟大的水利工程都江堰相距仅12公里，这一山一水相映成辉，并于2000年，同作为一项世界文化遗产被列入世界遗产名录，成为“拜水都江堰，问道青城山”之旅的精华景区。

青城山又称“赤城山”，因为传说中“赤城”乃是天上神仙居住的地方。道教创始人张陵当年在青城山一带创教传教，以青城山为道教祖庭的所在地。唐玄宗时力主道教，使青城山的道教宫观有了空前的发展，最鼎盛的时候全山有道观七十余座，现保存下来的有天师洞、上清宫、祖师殿等几座较大的宫观。青城山全山有三十六峰，峰峦如聚，林木茂盛，终年四季常青，状似绿树包围的巨大城池，故名为“青城山”。在蜀中众多名山里，青城山更是以其“幽”独树一帜，不管是参天古木还是通幽小径，无不与宫观楼阁相映成趣，幽中见奇，幽中见秀，难怪世人皆道“青城天下幽”。于是这一道一幽，就巧妙地构成了我们探访青城山的线索，让我们走进青城山，拜读道教文化，感悟幽深清静。

游客朋友们，我们一路走来，不知您是否在已感受到青城山独特的清凉幽静了呢？现在，我们来到了海拔1260米的老宵顶，而您眼前所看到的就是位于青城山第一峰绝顶之上的老君阁。

老君阁原为“呼应亭”，有“登高一呼，众山皆应”之意，后改亭建阁，而得名“老君阁”。老君阁基宽四百平方米，共六层。下方上圆．寓意天圆地方；层有八角，以示八卦；外观呈塔形，顶接三圆宝，以昭天地人三才之意。青城山所有的道教建筑，都依自然地理环境而建造，上下重叠错落有致，并都以“三”为建筑构思，体现了道家“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”的宇宙乾坤概念。建筑上布满了绘画和浮雕装饰，表达了道家清静无为，健康长寿的思想。老君阁选择在青城绝顶上而建，上接天下连地，也正是对道教崇尚天人合一的最好诠释。当我们登阁远望，岷邛群山和天府平川尽收眼底，即使是山雾缭绕时，也能感受到天地间仿似仙境，有攀云登日之感。在2008年的汶川大地震中，老君阁曾遭受重创，好在修复及时，才让这绝世之作今天还能呈现在大家眼前。

老君阁的由来，是因为阁内所供奉的太上老君骑青牛巨像，请大家随我走进老君阁，一睹太上老君的风采。大家可以随我手指方向看去，眼前这座就是老君阁镇阁之宝——太上老君骑青牛像。老君像高13.6米，连牛身通高16米，以徐悲鸿当年在青城的遗作《紫气东来》为蓝本，经许多学者精研，并由青城山道友绘制、塑造而成。造像过程按古典建筑规范，用钢筋水泥浇铸，精铜包里，金光炫目，栩栩如生，堪称是自古及今绝无仅有的老君塑像。

老君即“三清”中的“太清道德天尊”，其原型便是道家创始人老子。据传，周昭王22年，老子对周王朝的衰败感到无力，不得已的情况下准备离开家乡，去四处游历。待他走到函谷关的时候，函谷关的总兵尹喜将他拦了下来，因为尹喜在城关上眺望时，看到一团紫气从东方冉冉漂移而来，接着，风骨非凡的老子就骑着青牛出现，所以尹喜认为老子是贵人，想要挽留。但是老子去意已决，尹喜想要留下他，于是想了一个为难老子的办法，让老子留下自己的一篇文章，如果老子写不出来，那么就不放他出关。可是他没有想到的是，老子仅仅花了非常短的时间就将一篇文章写给了他，于是轻松地出了函谷关。而他留下的这篇文章就是后来闻名于世的《道德经》，文章中阐明“道”即是宇宙之源，是万物生化规律，具有清静无为自然的本性。老子出函谷关后，不知所踪，据说是羽化成仙。后来，老子出关的故事被人们津津乐道地传说和演绎着，而老子出关时的“紫气东来”更是成为了中国文化中的一个基因。其后，张陵创建道教，拜老子为教主，以《道德经》为经典。有趣的是，老子出关所乘坐的青牛也成为道家文化中的一个著名的意象，青牛成为后来神仙道士的坐骑。

讲到这里，想必大家已按捺不住想要等阁远眺，众览青城群山，一尝飘然成仙之感了吧？接下来我们在此作短暂的自由活动，请大家一定注意脚下安全。

亲爱的游客朋友们你们好!欢迎大家来到四川青城山。我是你们这次旅行的导游小导。

青城山位于都江堰市西南，乘车前往大约需要20分钟，我想就利用途中的时间，给诸位介绍一下青城山的概况。

青城山距离成都市区63公里，因景区青山环列，林木繁茂，终年幽静清凉，历来是川西著名的游览和避暑的胜地。又因这里是中国道教的发源地之一，东汉以来历经二千多年，一直是道教存在和发展的重要基地，影响广及全国，所以青城山也是著名的道教名山。说到这里，大家可能已经听出青城山的基本特点了；那就是离都市最近的、自然景色清幽和道教文化源远流长的风景名胜地，而且还要加上六个字：保护相当完好。因此，1982年就被国务院公布为第一批全国重点风景名胜区。1999年青城山与都江堰景区联名申报世界自然文化遗产，得到联合国教科文组织来的专家充分肯定。当然，“眼见为实”，一会儿大家亲临其境，就知道我所言非虚了。

青城山的得名有两种说法：一种说法是说青城山有阴阳36峰环状排列，峰锐崖陡，林木葱笼，宛如一座绿色的城郭，以形得名，叫做青城山；第二种说法是说青城山原名清城山，青字有三点水偏旁，因古代神话说“清都、紫微，天帝所居”，这里就是神仙居住的地方，所以取名“清城山”。后来，道教创始人东汉的张陵张天师创立天师道以清城山为基地，道教主张“清虚自持”“返朴归真”的教义，与清城仙都的意思相合，山名就无变化。唐初佛教发展很快，清城山上发生了佛道间地盘之争，官司打到皇帝那里，唐玄宗信道，亲自下诏书判定“观还道家，寺依山外”。道家胜利了。可是诏书把清城山的清字写成了没有水旁的青了。道家既借助于皇帝亲判的威力收回地盘，也就将清城山改称青城山了。

这个故事并非传说，山上保存的唐碑诏书全文具在，足以作证。

——道教文化——

据地质考察，青城山形成于1亿8千万年前的一次造山运动，山体抬升时受强烈挤压，岩层破碎。起伏较大，褶皱明显，所以山形千奇百怪，绝壁深壑，断崖裂石，处处显示出大自然的鬼斧神工。相传青城山区有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、共108景。一百单八是一个吉祥数字，表示景点很多，但人们更向往的是这里满布山岭的古木森林和蜿蜒山路上那无尽的清凉幽意，以及历史悠久的道教文化和保护完好的宫观建筑艺术。

说到道教文化，由于道教在青城山两仟多年的存在和发展，特别是历代高道的主持和经营，青城山一直作为道家的祖山，俗家心目中的“神山”，而得到充分的保护。可以说，今天青城山的古建筑、古遗址、历史传说、饮食习俗，乃至林木花草，都渗透着道教文化的精神。青城山道教发展也有几个起落。远在东汉顺帝汉安二年(公元143年)，在邛崃山系的鹤鸣山(今大邑县境)修道的张陵，来到青城山赤城崖创立道教。因张陵被其弟子尊为“天师”，所创道教也叫“天师道”。天师道经过张陵及其子孙历代天师的创建和发展，逐渐扩及全国，晋隋时期，天师道有北天师道和南天师道的兴起和地区教派的产生。青城山所传属于南天师道的正一教派。至唐末，著名道士杜光庭来青城山，天师道传统乃与上清道结合。上清道宣称修行得道可升“上清天”，比旧天师道理想的“太清境”更高。杜光庭后来在前蜀皇帝王建手下做官，官至光禄大夫尚书户部侍郎，封上柱国蔡国公，晚年居青城山近30年，著书立说，对道教的发展影响很大。

到南宋时，青城山道士李少微等人创清微派，以行雷法为能事，将内丹术与符咒术相结合，称“可以驱邪，可以治病，可以达帝，可以啸命风雷，可以斡旋造化”，元朝封他为“雷渊广福真人”，一时信徒很多，青城山又再度兴旺起来。明代，青城山道教所传属于全真道龙门派。全真道与原来的天师正一道不同的是，它主张修道者要出家投师，住庵当道士，不娶妻室，不吃荤腥，创立了一套养身习静的修练方法。道士住山，自然对宫观的维护，山林的栽培就更为重视。明朝末年，战乱不断，青城山道士逃走，直到清康熙八年，武当山全真道龙门派道士陈清觉来青城山主持教务，又使局面重新改观。后来陈在四川官员的帮助下，得到康熙皇帝的钦赐御书“丹台碧洞”，并封他为“碧洞真人”。

从此，青城山道系属于全真道龙门派丹台碧洞宗。新中国成立以后，青城山吸收了各地道士，原来丹台碧洞宗的格局有所改变，但其在道教中仍是很有影响的一支。1957年，“中国道教协会”成立，青城山道士易心莹被选为副会长兼副秘书长。其后，傅元天道长也被选为中国道协副会长，1992年当选为会长，并兼任中国道教学院院长。所以，研究道教文化的人是不可不来青城山的。

——山门——

各位贵宾，现在已到青城山前，眼前那座古典辉煌的山门和后面青翠入云的山林，总是让每一个来客感到—股浓浓的幽意，急于走进这清幽世界的心情也油然而生。请不要着急，让我们先看看山门旁的建福宫。

建福宫，在丈人峰下，始建于唐开元十八年(公元730年)，原名丈人洞，宋时朝廷赐名“会庆建福宫。”丈人峰因宁封得名，相传宁封是黄帝时的制陶官员，能履蹈烈焰，随烟上下，又能驾御风云，宁封帮助黄帝学会“龙跷飞行”之术，打败了蚩尤，统一华夏，被黄帝封为统领五岳的“五岳丈人”。宋时又加封蜀州青城山丈人观九天丈人、储福定命真君。道教的十大洞天都有一位主治神仙，宁封便是青城山的主治神仙。今建福宫是清光绪十四年(公元1888年)重建，近年又进行过大规模的维修和补建。

建福宫建筑面积1196平方米。前建亭楼映衬，后有丹台翠林，门额建福宫三字是1940年林森所题，前殿叫“长生殿”，供的是晋代高道范长生。正殿是宁封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中间是太上老君，被尊为道教教主，左是东华帝君，即神话中的东卫公，为全真道的第一位祖师，右为道教全真派创立者王重阳。殿堂板壁上有张三丰祖师的诗。楹柱上挂的394字的“青城长联”，写景说典，有兴趣的可以一读。

——索道——

进山门，我们右行去月城湖坐索道上山。这条林间山道首先进人眼帘的是路旁并立的雨亭和翠光亭。

青城山的游山道上散布着许多的桥、亭和牌坊，与林相配，因山取势，形成意趣不同的风景图画。山亭多取枯树为柱，以树皮盖顶，树根为凳，枯枝古藤为装饰，符合道教的清静无为，回归自然，与青幽的山景浑然一体。亭型也随景而异，有随路转折形成的三角亭怡乐窝；有半倚山崖的方亭泠然亭；有伫立峰顶的八角亭息心亭；还有山路穿过而减柱的卧云亭，有随山势而成弧形的凝翠桥，这些山亭都应景造型，命名切景，又配有贴切的楹联，更富有诗意。各位在游程中将会不断看到。

月城湖到了。这里原有一股甘泉，名叫“丈人泉”。1985年人们在此筑坝拦水，形成湖泊。我们过湖乘索道缆车直达上清宫。从高处往下走，比步行登山省时省力，也就有更充足的时间和精力来游览了。索道全长980米，采用安全舒适的循环式吊椅载客，游人凌空观景，眼界开阔，别有情趣。

各位朋友，现在顺路下山。我们今天看到的青城山比它以往的任何时候更青幽、更美丽，到此旅游的中外游客也比任何时期更多。这是因为，解放后，特别是改革开放之后，青城山的自然面貌和宫观亭阁得到了政府的高度重视和充分保护，1999年，都江堰——青城山景区正式申报自然文化双遗产，政府又投入大大量的人力、物力、财力、使青城山焕发了青春，更加靓丽。

大家就要离开青城山了，如果有的朋友想带土特产回去馈赠亲朋好友，我介绍四样青城山有名的特产：白果炖鸡、洞天乳酒、青城贡茶、洞天泡菜。谢谢大家！

各位游客：

大家好!欢迎来到有“青城天下幽”之美誉的青城山旅游。我是大家此次旅游活动的导游，我姓李，大家可以叫我xxx。

正所谓“山不在高，有仙则名。”青城山虽然不高，但终年云雾缭绕，宛如仙境。即使站在山脚，都能感受到那股沁人心脾的灵气。

【建福宫】我知道现在大家已经迫不及待想要进山，但我还是建议大家先去山门旁的这座建福宫看看。

建福宫始建于唐开元年间，现存建筑为清光绪年间重建。建福宫建筑面积一千多平方米，筑于峭壁之下，前建亭楼映衬，后有丹台翠林。现有大殿三重，前殿叫“长生殿”，供的是晋代高道范长生。正殿是宁封和杜光庭塑像。后殿三尊塑像，中间是太上老君，左是东华帝君，为全真道祖师，右为全真派创立者王重阳。殿内柱上有一394字的对联，被赞为“青城一绝”。有兴趣的可以一读。

【山门】看过了建福宫，穿过眼前的景区大门，我们就正式进山了。青城山山门上有我国已故上将张爱萍手书的“青城山幽子规啼”，子规也就是杜鹃鸟，传说是蜀王杜宇变的。“杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣”里的杜鹃啼血说的就是他。

【天然图画】从山门西行1千米，即至岩石耸立，云雾缭绕的“天然图画”。眼前的建筑就是天然图画坊。它是一座十角重檐式的亭阁，建于清光绪年间。这里风景优美，游人到此仿佛置身画中，故将其称为“天然图画”。

【天师洞】我们通常所说的天师洞景区是指以古常道观为代表的一组宫观建筑群。天师洞始建于隋朝大业年间，现存殿宇建于清末。天师洞三面环山，一面临涧，山雾缭绕，古树参天。相传张道陵曾在此讲经传道。洞中有“天师”张道陵及其三十代孙“虚靖天师”像。天师殿是最上部也是常道观的最后一殿。天师殿是天师道的祖庭，过去的江西龙虎山历代天师就任后，都要到这里朝拜。

熟话说：“世间好话书说尽，天下名山僧占多”，青城如此美景，佛教怎会放过。唐代佛教发展很快，清城山上发生了佛道间地盘之争，官司打到皇帝那里，皇帝信道，下诏判定“观还道家，寺依山外”。道家胜利了。可是诏书把清城山的清字写成了没有水旁的青了。这个故事并非传说，有碑为证。天师洞右下角有一小殿，名为“三皇殿”，内有伏羲、神农、轩辕三皇石像各一尊，而神座前就是唐开元皇帝书碑，令“观还道家.寺依山外”。

1943年，画家徐悲鸿曾来青城写生。他在天师洞独居一室，先后创作了屈原《九歌》中的插图《国殇》、《山鬼》等作品，还送了青城道士《奔马》和《天马》图，现已制成石刻陈列。

三清殿是天师洞景区最宏伟和最值得欣赏的道教宫观建筑。大殿为重檐歇山顶楼阁式建筑，建于1923年。殿内供奉道教至高无上的三位尊神：玉清元始天尊，上清化灵宝天尊，太清道德天尊，道德天尊即太上老君。“一生二，二生三，三生万物;地法天，天法道，道法自然。”乃三清殿上的对联。

“山中自有千年树，世上难逢百岁人”。然而青城山不仅有千年树，更有百岁人。

三清殿前有一株古银杏树，高约50余米，直径2米有余。相传乃张天师手植，距今已有一千八百多年的历史。道家视其为“镇山之宝”，连修剪枯枝都须上报相关部门。在2004年荣膺“天府十大树王”榜首。“银杏千年征道性，青城一洞试幽深”乃天师洞银杏阁上的对联。想必大家还不知道吧，青城山其实还是一个长寿之乡。一百岁以上的老人就有上百位之多。

【祖师殿】大家请看南面那条山缝，从崖顶直到山脚笔直裂开的一条石缝，山缝约有18米宽，深达70多米，传说是张天师为降伏青城山的妖魔鬼怪，念咒画符之后，朱笔一掷，笔迹裂山为槽，人们就叫它为“掷笔槽”。快到祖师殿了。

祖师殿始建于晋，原名洞天观，现存殿宇建于清同治年间，供奉真武大帝和三丰祖师，故又名真武宫。冯玉祥将军在抗战期间三次到过青城山，1945年那次就住在祖师殿。当得知日本无条件投降的消息后，将军不胜喜悦，在殿侧刻碑筑亭以为纪念，此碑现存祖师殿内，作为文物保护。

【朝阳洞】前面就是朝阳洞。朝阳洞位于主峰老霄顶岩脚，洞口正对东方，深广数丈，可容百人。清人黄云鸽曾在此结茅而居，并撰联曰：“天遥红日近，地厌绎宫宽”。近代画家徐悲鸿也曾在此撰联：“空洞亲迎光照耀，苍崖时有凤来仪”。

【老君阁】朋友们，经过九道拐的艰难跋涉，我们终于到了青城山的主峰绝顶了。眼前的楼阁就是老君阁，老君阁于92年兴建，历时三载竣工，共六层。上圆下方，寓意天圆地方;层有八角，以示八卦;外观呈塔形，顶接三圆宝，以昭天地人三才之意。老君阁造像，以徐悲鸿当年在青城的遗作《紫气东来》(老子跨青牛出关图)为蓝本塑造而成。接下来大家自由活动30分钟，站在峰顶看看风景，拍拍照，买买纪念品。30分钟后在这里集合。

【上清宫】上清官是青城山现存38处宫观中位置最高的一座道观，海拔1180米。上清宫始建于晋代，现存庙宇为清朝同治年间所建，上有“天下第五名山”、“青城第一峰”等摩崖石刻，宫内祀奉道教始祖李老君，有老子塑像和《道德经》五千言木刻，还有麻姑池、鸳鸯井等传说遗迹

【索道和月城湖】现在我们乘索道下山，大家可以好好的从高处看看青城山。月城湖原是丈人泉，85年人们在此筑坝拦水就形成了眼前这一汪清澈的湖水。湖的那一边有许多商店，在卖青城山的各种特产。大家可以买一些带给家人。

好了，我们本次旅游也就结束了，大家可以把旅行的快乐和相机里的美景带回家和家人分享。祝大家身体健康，万事如意，财源广进。再见。

第四篇：四川经典导游词

乐山大佛

The city of Leshan is less than one hour's ride from the Baoguosi Monastery at the foot of Mt.Emei.Leshan is the home of the Giant Buddha at the conflueence of the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers.It qualifies as the largest Buddha in a sitting posture in the world.You must board a riverboat for the best view of the Giant Buddha.The massive Buddha was carved out of a cliff face more than a thousand years ago, but now it is still well preserved in good shape, with his full and serene face.The Buddha is the largest Buddha in China,towering to 71m,with his 14.7m head,and 24m shoulders.The Buddha's ears are 6.72m long, insteps 8.5m broad, and a picnic could be conducted on the nail of his big toe, which is 1.5m long.This carving project was begun in 713.Each summer at that time the Min,Dadu and Qingyi rivers flowed down.As the ghree rivers met,turbu-lent waves strucd each other hard,boats capsized and boatmen vanished.There was a Buddhist monkby the name of Haitong in Lingyun Hill,who saw the situation and was determined to carve a giant Buddha out of the cliff face, hoping that the Buddha's presence would subdue the swift currents and protect the boatmen.Haitong started travelling along the Changjiang river and other areas in China to collect funds for the gigantic carving.Once an evil official attempted to obtain by force the money collected by Haitong.The monk refused him in strong terms.He said,“I'd rather gouge out my eyes than give a penny to you,”The official shouted in anger,“gouge your eye out now!”Haitong resolutely dug out one of his eyes.The monk's behavior in protecting the funding so greatly encouraged sculptors and other construction workers that the carving work went on smoothly.Unfortunately Haitong died before the completion of his life's work.However, this work continued due to the support of the local people as well as Weigao and Zhangchou Jianqing,the local top military commanders.The word took up 90 years until 803 when it was completed.Since then the Buddha has watched over the river traffic for more than a thousand years to offset the large number of serious accidents in the river.Modern Chinese question whether safer boat gravel is due to his presence or to sime later-day dredging.As you get close to the Buddha,we can find out some scattered holes im rows around the Buddha.They are remains of so Called the Giant Buddha Pavilion.It was a nine-storied building set up during the Tang Dynasty to shelter the Buddha.It was renamed as the Lingyun Pavilion with 13 stories during the Song Dynasty.Unfortunately it was destroyed by a war during the Ming Dynasty.Since then the Buddha remains outside in the open space.The Giant Buddha has lasted over a thousand years, and still survives in good shape.Why? First of all, according to the studies on the ancient construction of the Buddha,the cliff face the Buddha occupies enjoys topographical advantages.It is on the southern side of the hill,where verdant trees grow so well as to protect rocks and slope from erosion.Secondly although the Buddha seats bordering on the confluence of the three rivers, the immense statue is carved into the cliff face inside the hill,which alleviate the severe damage by wind and water erosion.Finally there is a water-drainage system,hidden from view.The system starts with 1021 fastened hairs, which conect one another at the bace of the bead.The end of the hairs inter-links the shoulders,joining the simple-patterned robe pleats carved on the body.The hairs,shoulders and pleats naturally reveal a complete system that carries away the entire surface water on the body, where the water disappears underground.It is worth making several passes at the Buddha.From the ferry pier on the island,you climba steep road and through Lingyun Temple to a vantage point for viewing the buddha.You can go to the top,opposite the head, and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the top,oppoosite the head,and then descend a short zigzag stairway carved into the cliff to the feet for the different perspective viwepoints.A local boat passes by for a frontal view, which reveals two guardians in the cliff side, not visible from land,Wuyou Buddhist Monastery can be reached in 15 minutes by footpath from the Buddha,which is also from the Tang Dynasty with Ming and Qing renovations,Its layout is very similar to the other monasteries as we mentioned before.Walking along up Wuyou Hill,you can enjoy the quiet and beartiful scenery, The top of Wuyou Hill affords you a vision of an emerald-green tree forest, glazed golden tiles of the monastery roofs and the distant rivers.It would be a mistake to thind of Leshan as ome big Buddha, but it is wouth making a trip to Leshan,which will provide you with a pleasant picture made by the ancient Chinese sites and the beautiful nature being combined into a whole.武侯祠

China has a recorded history of some 3,600 years, beginning with the Shang Dynasty(16th——12th century BC).The first stage is the primitive society.The history was much associated with the supposed pre-Xia Dynasty(21th-16th centuy BC).The second major periob lasted from about 2,000 to 200 BC.The history dated the beginning of the slave society from the Xia Dynasty, which constituted the first Chinese state.The third stage extended all the way from 221BC, when Qin Shihuang united China, to the Opium War of 1840.Historical docments name the third period as the Feusal Imperial Rule.The feudal society in China passed through a period of disunity beginning at the Three Kingdom Period, and ending in shoet-lived Sui Dynasty(581——618), Western Jin(265——316)via Eastern Jin(317——439)and the Southern and Northern Dynasties(386——589).The following story occurred in the three Kingdom Period.At the rnd of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25——220)a gtrat peasant revolt happened.Many local officials developed into warlords to assisty the Han Emperor in suppressing the rebellion.During this period the watlotds took the opportunity to build uyp their own political and military strengty and made themselves into autonomous regional warlords.Finally the warlords carved the Han Empire into three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu.The populous episodic novel,The Romance of the Three Kingdoms traces the rise and fall of the three kingdoms and vividly depicts the turbulent social conditions at that time.The rulers of the three independent kingdoms struggled for supremacy.Cao Cao and his son established the kingdom of Wei at Loyang.He was in actual control of only the North China homeland.Two rivals soon proclaimed emperors themselves elsewhere.The kingdom of Wu with its capital in Nanjing occupied dChangjiang Valley, The kingdom of Shu was created with its capital in Chengdu.Ti was in the control of Sichuan and parts ojf the highland of south China.Wuhou Temple is much associated with the kingdom of Shu.It is the place to commemorate Zhu Geliang, Prime Minister of the kingdom.Wuhou was a top official title conferred upon Zhu Geliang after his death.It is unfortunate that no historical documents have recorded the time of its establishment.However, Du Fu, a top Tang Dynasty poet wrote a poem of kwhich two lines say as below:“Where would I find the Prime Minister's shrine?Somewhere outside Jinguan, in a dense cypress glade.”

This poem helps us infer that Zhu Geliang Temple was already in ezistence in the Tang Dynadty.During the Tang and Song Dynasties Zhu Geliang and Emperor Liu Bei had their independent temples in Chengdu, At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the two temples merged into one.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty the merged tempke was destroyed during war chaos.The present buildings date from the Qing Dynasty in 1672.The main entrance gate hangs a horizontal inscribed board.It says, “Han Zhaolie Temple”.Han refers to the kingdom of Shui;zhaolie was Liu Bei's posthumous title.The board indicates that the whole temple was built in honor of Liu Bei.But why do all the people call it Zhu Geliang Tempke instead of Han Zhaolie Temple? It is due to Zhu Geliang's invaluable historical contribution, and his political and military strategies to the development of the kingdom.In the view of the local peopoe his prestige far gan to call it Zhu Grliang Temple regardless of the emperor's dignity and the temple's original name.Gtadually more and more people accepted the new name of the temple through common practice.The temple compound consists of five mainbuildings: the Front Gate, the Second Gate, Kiu Bei's Hall, Zhu Geliang's Hall and Liu Bei's Tomb.The buildings are all located aling an imaginative axis line in a regular shape.Six huge stone tablets are flanked in the yard between the front and the second gates.Four of them were of the Qing Dynasty, one of the Ming and one opf the Tang.The tablets of the Qing state the storise about the reestablishment of the temple;the one of the Ming describes the development of the temple.The one of the Tang is far more famous than the other five.It was set up soon after Wu Yuanhen, a local top military commander in west Sichuan and his 27assistants worshiped Zhu Grliang in the temple in 809 during the Tang Dynasty.Pei Du,who served as a prime minister for his three Tang emperors ijn different times, composed an rssay associated with the worship.In the essay he eulogized Zhu Geliang for his great contribution to and his spare-no-efforts in unifying the whole China and the development of Sichuan, Liu Gingchuo, a well-known Tang calligrahist, copied the essay on the tablet according to the pattern of Liu's handwriting.The three well-known persons joined hands to perfect the tablet, so later in people called it “The Three Perfecdstion Tablet”.Inside the Second Gate is Liu Bei's hall.His statue stands behind the front altar, flanked by his son snd gtandson.To the right of the main shrine is a red faced image called Guan Yu;the left is General Zhang Fei, represented with a black face.Liu,Guan and Zhang are sworn brothers as prescribed in the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are two galleries in the yard, which contain terracotta figures of the Qing Dynasty, 28 in all, generals on the right and minisiters on the lelt.During the Three Kingdom Period the rulers of the independent kingdoms fought each other for supremacy.This period was regarded as a romantic epoch of knightly dering-do.The site is just about holy to thousands of Three Kingdom enthusiasts.The well-loved figures in the temple are the historical source from which later novels and dramas have captured the imaginations of generations of Chinese readers and audience.Behind Liu Bei's hall is the second yard where Zhu Geliang's hall is located.Zhu Geliang's hallis obviously lower than Liu Bei's.Visitors bave to walk down several steps before they can get into the second yard.The disparity in the construction height displays the traditional Chinese hierarchical social system.Emperor is the son of Heaven.He is superior;and other people are inferior.On the top of the entrance gate of Zhu Geliang's hall hangs a horizontal wooden board,which says,“Eternal Glory All Over the World(名垂宇宙).”Many ancient couplets hang inside the hall, but the most famous one is right in the middle of the hall.It says,“能攻心则反侧自消，从古知兵非好战；不审势即宽严皆误，后来治蜀要深思。”

It means that try to persuade an enemy to stop his attack during a war and the war will then disappear.No soldier wants to fight since ancient times.Try not to forget to weigh the conditions and situation, ogherwise leniency and strict punishment will all fail.Those,who come to manage Sichuan,should think it over again.This couplet contains two stories.Once as Zhu Geliang was the general commander of the shu Kingdom, he was scheduled to attack the Wei Kingdom in north China.However, he was worried that the troops of the minorities might take a chance to harass the Shu Kingdom in southwest China.He came to tealize that the good relationship with the minorities was very important.So he went the southwestern area with his troops.Meng Huo(孟获),the top leader of the minorities didn't accept Zhu Geliang's good-wish.He used his soldiers to fight against the groops from the kingdom.Zhu Geliang successfully defeated his attack and caught Meng Huo.Instead of punishing him,Zhu Geliang set him free.Then Meng Huo launched another attack and he met with the same defeat.Zhu Geliang set him a free again.On the seventh time after Meng Huo was caught,he prostrated himself before Zhu Geliang saying ghat he and his soldiers had given rp any atrelationship with the Shui Kingdoh.From then on the minority people and lf the Shui Kingdon lived in amity.The other story tells how Zhu Geliang streng-thened discipline.Once Zhu Gelian Launched another military campaign against the Wei Kingdom.In order to make the campaign successful Zhu Geliang ordered Ma Shu，his close assistant to garrison the Shu army troops in Jie Ting,a vital strategic place to fight the coming soldiers from the Wei.Ma Shu thought of himself highly and placed his troops on the top of a hill near Jie Ting.As result,the Wei army soldiers occupied the strategic place.Ma Shu and his soldiers were defeated.Zhu Geliang had to withdraw his troops back to ghe Shu Kingdom.His carefully arranged campaign thus failed.Ma Shu had a close relationship with Zhu Geliang due to his hardworking and his contribution to the development shui's army.Tears ran down Zhu Geliang's face when he ordered to execute Ma Shu for his error.The two storied displayed Zhu Geliang's flexible tactics in accordance with different occasions.More-over,Zhu Geliang used the same method to manage his government and the kingdom for the social stability and economic prosperity.The second yard,dedicated Zhu Geliang, has a bell tower on the right and a drum tower on the left of the entrance.A most unusual casting iron incense burner is in the imddle of the path, which leads to the hall.Zhu Geliang's statue,accompainied by his son on the right and his grandson on the left, stands in the middle of the hall.The statue is 2m high.Zhu Geliang is dressed in a golden overcoat with a feather fan in his hand.He looks as if he was still concerned about his kingdom and his local people.On the left side of Zhu Geliang's statue is a bronze drum, a relic dated back to the 5th century.Originally ancient minority groups in souhest China often used it as a cooket.Later it became a sort of music instrument for some special occasions.It was said that during Zhu Geliang's southwest expedition his soldiers used it as a cooker during the day and struck it at night as emergency approached.Zhu Geliang was renowned military strategist and statesman in the early three Kingdom period.A native of Shandong Province,he was living in Long Zhong,Hubei when Liu Bei went to his house three times.Liu Bei sincerely invited Zhu Geliang to join in reconquest of the Han Empire,but for the first two times it was said that Zhu Geliang was not at home.On the third time when Liu Bei met Zhu Geliang in his house,he agreed to assist Liu Bei.It was in his house that Zhu Geliangand Liu Bei had a dialogue relating to the current situation and reconquest of the Han Empire, In Liu Bei's hall hangs Zhu Geliang's ambitious “Long Zhong dialogue(隆中对）”and his “Letter To The Throne Before An Expedition”.Zhu Geliang served as Prime minister of the Shu Kingdom for twenty years.During his administration Zhu Geliang brought peace to the kingdom due to his northern and southern xepeditions.The local farming production and water conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard word conservancy has advanced.He died of his hard work at the age of 54.After his death people set up temples one after another to commemorate him in the areas where Zhu Geliang worked.He was generally regarded as an excellent example of administrators in Chinese feudal dynasties.To the west of the Zhu Geliang's hall is the site of ghe Liu Bei's tomb.It is 80m in circumference and 12m high,surrounded by a circular wall.For 1700 years the tomb has remained untouched, but what is inside is unknown.四川成都英语导游词(Sichuan Chengdu English tourguide word)Ladies, gentlemen, welcome your presence Chengdu Chengdu is the Sichuan provincial capital, the China historical city, the first batch Chinese outstanding traveling city, the national health city, the country the two supports the model city.In recent years, she by the urban construction and the ecological environment aspect achievement, successively has the honor to receive the United Nations to issue the person to occupy the prize and the best model prize two items.Chengdu was melts the ancient times civilization and the modern civilization to a body super city.She is rarely found in the world the treasure panda's hometown, also is the land of abundance center and the window.She by history glorious, cultural inside story sincere, the scenery gorgeous varied and the scenic spot historical site multitudinous and is world famous.The brocade city Rongcheng is Chengdu's alias;The cotton rose, the gingko are Chengdu's city flower and the city tree.Chengdu is located north western Sichuan in the plateau mountainous region and Sichuan between the knoll, west the topography is higher, middle and southeast area is the broad Chengdu plain, about average elevation 500 meters.Within the boundaries concurrently has the mountain scenery, the plain and the knoll America of, also climate temperate, rain water abundant, annual mean temperature 16 ℃ about, the precipitation approximately 1,000 millimeters, usually have the winter not severely cold, the summer does not have the intense summer heat the reputation, performs the land fertilely, water conservation advanced, the product is extremely bountiful, is always called the flood and drought from the person, does not know the hunger sincerely day government office pearl.Chengdu's whole city total area 123,900 square kilometers, the total population surpasses 10 million people, the area of jurisdiction dividees into 7 areas 4 cities(county level city), 8 counties.Namely Chinchiang area, goral area, Cheng Huaqu, Jin Niuqu, Wu Houqu, Qingbai Jiang area, Longquan post area;The Dujiang weirs city, Peng Zhoushi, honors the state city, the city;Wenjiang County, Xindu County, Shuangliu County, Dayi County, Xinjin County, Pi county, Jin Tangxian, Pujiang County.In addition, but also is equipped with the national level Sichuan Chengdu economic development zone and the Chengdu high-tech development zone.We generally said the Chengdu urban district refers to the town center spot five areas, is called for five cities.Other general designations city suburban counties.Chengdu on has as early as become the Suchuan race ancients activity in 10,000 years ago the center and the stage.The archaeological finds piles which in the urban district and Guanghan Tristar indicated, at least before 4000, the ancient Suchuan ancients use both hands which oneself industriously works, created in here had the bright region characteristic the ancient Suchuan civilization.About 2500 ago, the ancient Suchuan country enlightened dynasty the country all from the fence township(now Peng Zhoushi, Xindu County)moves reaching this point place, takes week too Wang Qianqi a year to become Yi, three year Chengdu this literary reference, chooses a name Chengdu.By now Chengdu already became the city which began to take shape.316 B.C., Qin Guoba the Sichuan brings into line with the domain, Chengdu is the Suchuan county capital.From now on after, Chengdu always is Sichuan area politics, the economy, the cultural center, all previous dynasties all for the county, the state, saves level of administrative areas to govern the institute and the military strategic place.During, Chengdu once around had 7 to establish a separatist regime the political power capital city to be located in this, they were, Western Han Dynasty last years Gongsun stated accomplishes the political power, A.D.when two centuries three countries west the dynasty, three centuries the Chenghan kingdom the political power, after around nine centuries and Suchuan the political power, the Northern Song Dynasty time peasant uprising Suchuan the political power and bright end Zhang Xianzhong established is big the political power.Chengdu has glorious and the bright industry and commerce development history, specially silk-weaving industry developed, famous crown China, sells in distant markets overseas.The Western Han Dynasty time, Chengdu because of economic boom into China five all one, the brocade already became the Han Dynasty at that time the important state treasury source of income.Chengdu was weaves the center, the royal government has established the brocade official city in this, the faction had the brocade official to carry on the management.This also is Chengdu is called the brocade city, circles the city but government office Nan River is called Chinchiang reason.the time, Zhuge Liang implements in Sichuan rests and builds up strength, supports the agricultural business the economic policy, Chengdu took the capital obtained a bigger development, left thought from the Jin generation Suchuan All Bestowed on the narration obviously at that time grand occasion.He said the shopping district meeting, deep pools of the ten thousand business, arrange in order the subterranean hundred miles, Luo four 11,000, drops bribes piles as high as a mountain, filament Li star numerous......The good general merchandise converges, crowd assembling's market transaction chart!The Tang Dynasty, Chengdu has raises as soon as benefits two the reputation, said she lively is only inferior to Chiangnan's Yangchow.To the Northern Song Dynasty time, Chengdu has become only Yu Bianjing metropolis.By now Chengdu, because is in the relative stability in the late Tang five generation of disputes in the situation, the worker and peasant trade all has the development, discussed the city trade to break through the traditional downtown streets pattern, has developed the special transaction market, not only had the city 内东 south northwest comprehensive market, also had has monopolized the product the market, like the village market, the salty city, the mule city and so on, the downtown area also had the night market.Hereafter Chengdu has been through repeatedly Yuan, is bright, clear Zhu Chao and the Republic of China time, during although has the many times prosperity and decline rise and fall, but she takes the Sichuan economic center the status and.Chengdu also is in the history township of the famous craft is world-famous, includes the Chinese four given names to embroider, row of the four given names brocades;Chengdu's lacquerware manufactures, the craft finely is unique, is handed down for generations for all previous dynasties 名品, in the modern Chinese grave unearthed cultural relic many Chengdu lacquerware may testify;The Tang Dynasty Chengdu produces the thunder qin, laden with honors the nation, is regarded by the vocal music with the treasure;Chengdu's printing industry in Song Dynasty is national one of three big printing industry bases, has Song Shishu engraves the armor world the praise, the London museum hides in the Dunhuang copy clerk to have five generation of times Chengdu the wood engraving the calendar almanac, for world earliest wood engraving calendar almanac printed book;Chengdu's papermaking industry very is also famous, the Tang Dynasty Chengdu makes the profit state hempen paper is the official stipulation imperial edict, the book command uses the paper;Female poet Artemisia stelleriana Tao manufactures the letter paper to regard as by the writer poem guest the high-grade goods.Chengdu's golden silver thread product,the straw braid, also all has several hundred over a thousand years history.Chengdu is one of bright cultural birthplaces, also is the Sichuan culture and education key city, has the magnificent civilization.As early as in the B.C.E.more than 140 years, Suchuan county Wen Weng encouraged education in Chengdu, to set up the Chinese first regular government operated school, has developed the huge promoter action for Sichuan's culture.The Chinese bestows on four everybody, Chengdu will have Sima like, raises male two, a Jin generation of historian Country Will author Chang Qu, Tang Dynasty female poet Xue Tao, musician Duan Anjie, five pronoun people Ouyang bright, drawing master Huang Quan, the Song Dynasty scholar Great historic writings of politicization vice-Chief Editor Fan Zuyu, the Wei old man, medical scientist Tang Shenwei, the Ming Dynasty writer Yang Changan, the Qing Dynasty famous the Confucian the mountain clock has been auspicious, in addition modern literature great master Ba Jin, Ai Wu, people and so on Sha Ting all will be the Chengdu public figures.Certainly, accomplishes the Chengdu history of civilization also to have in the history the multitudinous external famous feudal official, scholar's tremendous contribution, Chengdu is in the history place of the cultural celebrities collection.Big poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wei Zhuang, Lu You, people's and so on big literary giant Su Shi all once made one's home in here, has left behind the large quantities of cultural heritage for the posterity, caused Chengdu the developed culture to enjoy a good reputation domestic and foreign.Concerns Chengdu the history and the development talk of history, we speak of here.Let me again for everybody says today Chengdu the present situation.Chinese culture Obtains the Chinese outstanding traveling city title as the first batch Chengdu, the traveling resources advantageous, what is most prominent is the culture, the panda hometown, the day government office scenery three big characteristics.Under, please let me separately summarize: Chengdu is the cultural place of origin.the culture is the Chinese culture important constituent.The Dujiang weirs awn city, the Wenjiang County fish 凫 city, the Pi county three batardeaux, the new Tianjin fine horses old city and the neighbor Guanghan Tristar pile and so on the ruins explained that, the culture has the glorious history.Chengdu took several generation of ancient Suchuan dynasty the capital city and the Sichuan area capital, has bred the all previous dynasties how many distinguished persons, has many historical vestiges and the cultural treasure, only has 118 by all levels of governments public proclamation announcement protection key cultural relic unit whole city, nation key cultural relic preservation organ 9.More than 2,300 years ago construct Dujiang weirs large-scale hydraulic engineering, idea ingenious, computation precise, method wise, project grand, consummation of the function, science of the management, benefit long term, let the Chinese and foreign tourists which reaches this point for it fall all, she causes the Chengdu plain becomes the flood and drought from the person, the vast fertile area the day government office, has brought to Sichuan wealthy and is prosperous, by the reputation will be the alone wonderful eternity day government office Milky Way and treasure of the town Sichuan, will be the human civilization immortal masterpiece.is located in a Chengdu Nanjiao's dense green jade cypress, A.D.five centuries, are commemorates when three countries Prime Minister Zhuge Liang construct.This is the nation is biggest, preserves most complete , is in the Chinese multitudinous three countries vestige is only listed as the national key cultural relic unit.Collection extremely rich Chengdu , with peripheral other states, the city, the county rich culture landscape constitution three countries vestiges seeks the trace the gold welcome.The Du Fu thatched house is located the Chengdu western suburbs colored brook bank, the memento classical botanical garden which when Tang Dynasty big poet Du Fu is dwells away from home Chengdu in the former dwelling completes.Is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Du Fu's poetry, has the profound influence to the Chinese literature development, by the posterity reputation is the poetry of historical significance, he is revered is the poem saint.Thatched house extant each kind of Du poem edition, many kinds of writing translated edition, Du poem calligraphy work and other pertinent data 3,000 volume, cultural relic 2,000.The Du Fu thatched house not only studied Du Fu, the Du poem for the people has provided the precious material, moreover also was the Chinese and foreign public figure looks at reverently the Du Fu deceased remains the paradise.Chengdu's religious cultural relic very is also rich.Whole city existing Buddhist temple, Daoist temple, church nearly hundred.Dayi County's crane calls the mountain is the Chinese Taoism birthplace, and by blue city world the landscape is the national level scenery scenic spot area.In the urban district goral palace broad in scale, is the nation key cultural relic preservation organ.Hands down is old Mr.(namely father)sits the instruction magic arts place.The Chengdu Buddhist temple is multitudinous, most has the great reputation to have unusual brightness temple, the Confucian classics carved on stone temple, the greatly kind temple, the temple, the Manjusri courtyard and so on.Unusual brightness temple hands down constructs at the Eastern Han Dynasty, by reputation for Yangtze valley one of four big jungles.Other cultural relic historical sites, such as will look Cong Ci, the Wangchiang building, Ming Xi Wangling, forever the mausoleum, the Eastern Han Dynasty grave, the Goddess of Mercy temple mural, the Xinhai fall guarantee Lu Sishi the monument and so on, no longer 11 rows stated.Today Chengdu Today Chengdu, may say is both ancient and young, also is peaceful also prospers, west national implementation under big development strategic decision excellent situation, is raising the sail, is making great strides forward to the modernized metropolis goal.After new China had been established, ancient Chengdu has glowed the youth.The industry and agriculture production all has the development which progresses by leaps and bounds.Specially the 60's earlier periods, the country vigorously carries on three the construction, causes Chengdu basically forms take the machinery, the electron, the metallurgy, the chemical industry and as the main body industrial system, becomes west Sichuan and China the emerging industrial base.Since 1978, Chengdu entered the reform and open policy and the modernization new historical period, relies on its abundant economic basis and is situated at the mid-west union place geographical superiority, in during the short more than 20 years, has further developed into southwest China the local important science and technology, business trade, the financial center and the transportation, the communications center, one of China's super cities.Today Chengdu, does entire vertically and horizontally, the downtown width, the tall building stands in great numbers , the city's appearance is beautiful, the commercial service industry mesh point proliferates the whole city, the city synthesis service function strengthens day by day;Circles the city but government office Nan River, the process whole city people's five years struggle, comprehensively renovates announces a victory, present government office Nan River water qualitative change clear, both banks flowers and trees, the lawn, the sculpture, the pavilion pavilion and the packed side by side in rows modernized common people residence tall building serves as contrast to struggle the splendor, just like on the city neck is the jadeite necklace, it not only had the flood prevention, the environmental protection and the transportation function, but also became the leisure which the resident and the tourist most liked to go sightseeing the destination.Chengdu southwest took the local transportation communications center, the railroad has Cheng Yu, Paochi to Chengtu, Cheng Kun and achieves the railroad to connect to this;The road except Cheng Yu, Cheng Mian, Cheng Le, Cheng Ya, becomes fills outside the highway, but also some 3 federal highways passed, form take the Sichuan Shaanxi, Sichuan and Tibet, Sichuan Gan Hecheng changed, Cheng A and so on above 23 provincial levels the road as the backbone emission road network, Chengdu are one of national road most crowded cities;Chengdu is southwest the local biggest air harbor.The Shuangliu international airport is national one of four big spatial ports, has already cleared the international and domestic airlines more than 170 strip.Chengdu also is southwest one of local posts and telecommunications communication switching centers, and successively has established the correspondence relation with 160 countries and the area.The convenient transportation, the developed communication, Chengdu and each place closely connects in together, the frame got up Chengdu to the world each place bridge.Panda hometown Chengdu is panda's hometown.The Chengdu suburb has country forest park 4, panda ecology nature protection area 3.The world only saves 1,000 pandas, about 80% distribute in Chengdu and its are close to the area.The world biggest panda breeding research base also constructs in Chengdu.The Chengdu zoo is in the world the panda most cities zoo.You not only may understand the panda newest scientific research achievement as well as with the panda related background and the culture to the Chengdu traveling.You also may go to the Chengdu saddle sub-river, the Dayi Heishui River, Dujiang weirs city Hongkou, as well as the Baoxing bee barrel stronghold, panda habitat and the ecology nature protection area and so on protectorate, understands the nature scenery, tracks down panda's trail.Day government office scenery The day government office scenery is the attraction massive Chinese and foreign tourist comes Chengdu to go sightseeing a tour big characteristic resources.The day government office paradise, Chengdu , the unique place landform, accomplished Chengdu to be colorful, uniquely had the foreword the day government office scenery: Countryside, knoll, rivers and creeks, lake, canyon, high peak each charm, moreover the natural landscape, the humanities landscape and the rich folk custom character and style merges into one organic whole, the Xiu color beautiful scene, collects Cheng Daguan.Through the ages, did not know has how many writer literatis to praise Chengdu, really is nine days opens a Chengdu, ten thousand households thousand enter the painting, south the sword the scenery completely clear sunshine, nearby oar Chinchiang the world is thin, the lively abundant Li world does not have.Except a moment ago already has said outside the Dujiang weirs-Qingcheng scenic area, but also has take the virgin forest, flies the waterfall , the mountain day scenery and the snowy mountain pasture as west characteristic Dayi the range snowy mountain;Wonderful danger , ecology primitive Peng state nine Yi scenic area;Congeals , beautifully from natural honors the state Kowloon ditch;The Hushan is clear blue, winding lonesome and quiet Pujiang is exposed to the sun the lake;The Danxia Mountain scenery, immortal original Mt.Tiantai, as well as Jin Tang Tochiang River scenery, Long Chi wooded mountain marvelous sight and so on, all is which the hobby enjoys the beauties of nature goes sightseeing the tour, enjoys place of the natural ideal.The Chengdu plain countryside rural scenery bountiful is beautiful, the folk custom common social practice, remains richly, leaves the real appeal, is in the day government office scenery an amazing big beautiful scenery.Dayi County's Liu village original, Pi county's friendly affection township, Longquan's studio village, is the development the peasant family is happy the good destination which and the rural scenery swims.Dear friends, no matter you like any, you all may find satisfaction in Chengdu the destination.Wants to observe colored, here has the Longquan post the first day of the third lunar month, the Peng Zhou peony festival, the Hsintu;Wants to swim the lake, here has the scenery beautiful Chaoyang lake, the Longquan lake, Gui Hu and Bai Tahu;Wants the mountaineering, here has the high peak strange stone Longmen Mountain, precipitous male wonderful Mt.Tiantai, the fruit and flowers flutter fragrant dragon Quanshan;Must visit a park, here has the concentration world main landscape the world paradise, the Wangchiang park and the people's park;Wants to feel the common people residence culture flavor which Chengdu circulates, you may enter a strip the main street and small alley which connects by the innumerable central courtyards;Wants to understand the village small town plain, the tranquil natural scenery, you may arrive the Shuangliu yellow Longxi Guzhen, there ancient street， the ancient temple, the ancient amphibious wharf, the ancient battlefield, the ancient construction, the classical Chinese literature merge into one organic whole, or township of the Chinese procession of lanterns or torches;Wants to observe the play, you may march into the theater to appreciate the Sichuan play, to listen to that tactful and pleasing to hear high-pitched tunes, looked that unpredictable turns hostile, spits the fire and so on the Sichuan opera unique skill performance;Wants to judge tea, you may to a each style teahouse, the teahouse.The Sichuan teahouse special atmosphere, the covered teacup tea set and excellent mixes the tea technique, can enable you to feel the thick Chengdu tea culture the breath;Wants to eat the Sichuan cuisine, Chengdu is the orthodox school Sichuan cuisine birthplace, the Sichuan-style restaurant proliferates the whole city, the famous teacher gathers together, savors the orthodox school;Wants to eat the snack, the Chengdu snack renowned at home and abroad, the variety is many.The color fresh taste is good, excellent in quality and reasonable in price, the Dan Dan noodles, the clock boiled dumplings, the dragon won ton, Lai Tangyuan, the Han steamed stuffed bun, the husbands and wives lung piece and so on all is Chengdu the snack tradition, but the recent years rose the hot pot to catch up, were fashionable for a time.In brief a speech, eats in Chengdu, plays in Chengdu, swims in Chengdu has become the traveling amateur's mutual recognition.The friends, in the last few years, the Chengdu tourism obtained the considerable development.Specially what is worth mentioning west the big development, causes the Chengdu tourism the prospects for development to be broader.Chengdu by the richer traveling product, the better traveling environment, the higher quality traveling service, will greet the motherland and the world each place friends arrival, we believed everybody travel of the Chengdu certainly will be able to obtain complete and the happy feeling.Thanks everybody 都江堰英文导游辞

The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km rorth of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country.More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster.Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals.For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province.Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?

The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parta: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river.Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood.Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam.The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal.The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river.The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals.The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream.During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rujshes forward along the outer canal.As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed.The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal.For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence.They were filled with stones and pebbles.However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel.A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation.The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill.Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck.The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan;Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season.Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit.The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster.For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main str.The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him.Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang.The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday.On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them.The larger-than-life painted statues of father and son overlook the rushing river below.Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,“when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel.When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper.” The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popularstopping place for sightseers.There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.杜甫草堂英文导游辞

Du Fu(712~770)Thatched Cottage used to be the former hone of Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty.Located in the western suburbs of Chengdu, the spot is marked by a stream, ancient style architecture, pavilion pagodas and age-old trees.The cottage consists of six important parts, They are the Front Gate, the Lobby, the Hall of poem History, the Water Pavilion, the Gongbu Shrine and the Thatched Cottage.At the time of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's poetry first came to be recognized.Readers of many different periods have considered Du Fu to be the greatest poet of the Chinese tradition.Such general agreement can partially be explained by the immense variety of his work, which holds up quite well to different tastes and historical changes in fashion.Like Shakespeare in English tradition, Du Fu's poetry came to be so deeply bound up with the constitution of literary value that generation after generation of poets and critics rediscovered themselves and their interests in some aspect of the poet'

Chinese critics from the Song Dynasty referred to Du Fu as the“poet-historian”.Both before and after the An Lushan Revolt, Du Fu witnessed a typical political and social situation;the common people still lived in poverty while the emperor and his top officials enjoyed a foolishly luxurious life.He composed many poems such as “Song of the War Chariots”, “Three Officials”，and “Three Departures”。His poems expressed his dissatisfaction with the government and his great pity for the common people.Du Fu used his poems to comment on current events and historical images.Du Fu became the historian by creating his responses to particular situations.Du Fu was talented.When he was young, he wanted to get a good job in the government.Unfortunately Du Fu was refused several times.He was in his fifties when he began to serve as a minor official in Changan(Xi'an).Gongbu was his official title and probably he was in charge of the lical industry.Du Fu was not a skilled survivor in government politics.He was dismissed in the form of a transfer to the post of personnel administrator in Huazhou and so left Changan.Du Fu soon gave up this minor post in disgust and set off with his family to Qinzhou in the Northwest.After a short stay he moved on again and in 759 he arrived in Chengdu.He set up a modest cottage with some money he borrowed from his friend who served as a local governor.In the cottage he had a simple and peaceful life for three years, writing about 240porms.Mostly inspired by the cottage, the stream nearby and the scenery in Chengdu.These poems give the impression that he was happier in Chengdu than any other time in his life.The poems of this period sound relaxed and happy.Here are some of them.In Chengdu the flutes and the strings

You hear them so loud even in the daytime

The melody fades in the river wind

And half in the towering clouds above us

Oh it should never be played here

It belongs to the emperor's hraven

We thank you for what is not ours

But the emperor will be hearing it also

Two yellow orioles sing in the tenser green willow

A line of herons crosses the blue sky

When you open the west-facing window

The snow is framed in the summit of the mountain

And the ships that will sail east for Dong Wu

They lie at anchor in the sun-filled doorway

A good rain knows its season

It brings thins to life right in spring

It enters the night, unseen with the breeze

It moistens things gently and without sound

Du Fu left Chrngdu after 762 and wandered in the southern provinces and eventually died of illness in 770.After his death, the people if Chrngdu built a shrine on the site of his garden to honor him.Since then, it brcame the custom to visit on the seventh day of the lunar month(around the middle of February).An ancient couplet still hangs on the top of the front door.It reads:“锦江春风公占却，草堂人日我归来。”It was written by a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, whose name was He Shaoji.The couplet means that Du Fu owned the Jingjiang river and the spring breeze;on the seventh day of the first lunar month did I come to visit his cottage.The original cottage no longer exists and the buildings within the cottage compound.South west of the city, have been repaired and added to thirteen times since the eighth century.The Gongbu Shrine is at the center of the six important sites in the cottage compound„„It is a small hall in the eastern section of the grounds, dedicated to the memory of Du Fu.It contains a statue of du fu flanked by ghose of two other poets;Huang Tingjian(1045-1105)on the right and Lu You(1125-1210)on the left.Thesee two poets were both from the Song Dynasty and occupied an important place in the traditional Chinese literature history.Huang Ting jian, from Xiu Shui in which affected his official posts.Later when his opposition party was in power, he was dismissed from his major official post and banished to Yizhou.Huang was one of the followers of Su Shi.He sincerely studied Du Fu's poetry and intentionally car during theearly song Dynasty.Lu You, from Shaoxing in Zhejiang held a succession of mionor of ficial posts but was unable to affect any of the political reforms he advocated.Im 1172, he began to serve in the army on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border.It is known that sometime later he was dismissed from a post im jiangxi for distributing government grain to relieve famine.Lu You was a prolific poet and more than nine thousand poems have survived.Both Huang ting jian and Lu You are noted for their ardent patriotism.Here are some of their poems :

Looking all round, a fine sight of hills and waters I found:

Leaning on the Tower railing, I could enjoy what was sweet:

The fragrance of water chestnuts and lotus stretching far

The soft breeze and bright moon which were both

Free and made tower cool;

(Huang tingjian, Tr, Guo Zhuzhang)

Erect hedge and implant fence to shield and sustain these new bamboo，They are meticulously cultivated and their dark green color is reflected in ripples.The blowing of the cool breeze tells the early coming of autumn，And I am not aware of the blazing sun in the sky at such high noon.I hear the rustling sound when the sheath is shedding from the sprouts.And see the dense fluttering shadows of these newly grown young bamboos.Once I retire from my position, here will be the place to which I often come，And carry with me along a pillow and a mat that are made of bamboo.(Lu You, Tr.Cui Wenkai)

In the traditional Chinese literature history, there were thousands of poets, Why were these two poets selected to accompany Du Fu ?there are three reasons:Firstly, they made greart achievements in studying Du Fu's poetry.Secondly, they used to live in Sichuan, and enjoyed their stay, thirdly, Du FU's statue might have been lonely in the gongbu Shrine without any accompaniment.so when people placed the statues together, they ghought that the three poets might have time to talk about their poetry.the Shrine of the Three Sages is named from the above-mentioned story.Inside the shrine are two valuable stone tablets from the Qing Dynasty, on which the whole picture of the thatched Cottage has been engraved.the tablets showus the design and development of the cottage dated bace to the Qing Dynasty.Also an other two stone tablets are in the shrine, which tell the story about the refurbishment of the cottage and the reason why Huang tingjian and Lu You's statues stay with Du Fu's.On left side of the Gongbu Shrine is a huge tablet placed in a straw-roofed pavilion.Prince Guo of the Qing Dynasty wrote the calligraphy on the tablet when he visited the cottage.A screen wall at the entrance to the Flowery Path is decorated with the characters Caotang(Thatched Cottage)at old blue and white ceramic fragment.At present, du Fu's cottage is a museum.It has a rich collection of over 30000bound volumes, and 2000cultural relics, the bound volumes include thea ncient cut blocks photo-offset, hand-written, and modern stereotyped copies, the translation editions are in 15 languages.As you walk around the cottage, you will experience the traditional Chinese culture and literature characterized by Du Fu's poems.峨眉山英文导游辞

Mt.Emei is one of the “four famous mountains”in China.It lies about 168km from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province.Before the tour of the holy mountain, it is important to obtain some inforation about the spread of Buddhism in China, Buddhism in Mt.Emei and its hiking routes.The Spread of the Buddhism

Buddhism was founded in India around the 16th century BC.It is said that the founder was Sakyamuni.Sskyua was the name of the clan to which his family belonged.Sakyamuni was a prince and was brought up in luxury.In his 20s, he became discontented with the world.Every day he had to face with sights of sickness, death and old age since the body was inescapably involved with disease, decrepitude and death.Around the age of 30 he made his break from the material world and plunged off in search of enlightenment.Sakyamuni began by studying Hindu philosophy and Yoga.Then he joined a band of ascetics and tried to break the power of his body by inflicting severe austerities on himself.However, no matter how he held his breath until his head burst and starved his body until his ribs jutted out, he failed to enlighten himself.Finally Sakyamuni followed the principle of the middle way in which he would live between the extremities of asceticism on one hand and indulgence on the other.As the story goes, he devoted the final phase of his search for enlightenment to meditation and mystic concentration.One evening he sat beneath a fig tree, slipped into a deep meditation and achieved enlightenment from his mystic concentration.Sakyamuni founded an order of monks and for the next 45 years or so peached his ideas around 480 BC.Sakyamuni teaches that all life is suffering.Everyone is subjected to the trauma of birth, to sickness, decrepitude and death.Real happiness can't be achieved until suffering is overcome.The cause of unhappiness is 'desires',specifically the desire of the body and the desire personal fulfillment.In order to overcome the desirs and achieve happiness, it requires the following eight-fold path.1.Right knowledge

Buddhist followers should believe that all life is suffering.It is caused by the desire for personal gratification.2.Right Aspiration

Buddhist followers should becomw passionately involved with the knowledge of what life's problems basically are.3.Right Speech

Buddhist followers shousd avoid lies, idle talk, abuse,alander and deceit.4.Right Behavior

Buddhist followers should show kindness and avoid self-seeking and personal fulfillment in all actions.5.Right Livelihood

Buddha considers spiritual progress impossible if one has occupied himself/herself with slave-dea-ling or prostitution.6.Right Effort

The effort os the will to develip virtues and curb paddion.7.Right Mindfulness

Buddhist followers should practise self-exami-nation and cultivate themselves to overcome the state of semi-alertness and become aware of what os happwning to them.8.Right Absorption

The absorption involves the techniques of Hinduism's raja yoga and leads to the same goal.By following the eight fokd pah, Buddhist followers aims to attain Nirvana, a condition beyond the limits of the mind, feelings, thoughts, the will and ecstasy.Buddhism accepts the concept of reincarnation, the circle of rebirth;it accepts the law of cause and effort.Buddhism has many sects, of which the Mahayana and the hinayana are two major schools.The Mahayana holds that the fate of the individual is linked to the fate of all others.The Buddha won't float off into his own Nirvana leaving other peope behind.He not ony shows the people the way up into their Nirvana, but also continues to exude spiritual help to those seeking Nirvana.The Hinayana holds that the path to Nirvana is an individual purauit.People who seek Nirvana must tread the path to Nirvana on their own.Mahayana Buddhism is generally believed to have been ntroduced into regions inhabited by the Han people around the first century A.D.In the Wei and Jin Dynasties(220-420)it spread to a fairly large part of the country.During the Southern anB Northern Dynasties(420-589)the ruling cladd furthered the dissemination of Buddhism.More temples and monasteries were built;Buddhist scriptures were translated.The influence of Buddhism was felt everywhere across the conutry.By the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907)Buddhism had reached its apex of popularity and splendor.Buddhism gradually took root in the Chinese soiety, having adapted considerably to Chinese ways of thinking and practice.As the most influential religion in China, Buddhism has an impact on Chinese philosophy, morality, literature, art and many other foelds.Buddhism in Mt.Emei

It is almost two thousand years since Buddhism was introduced from India.Its monasteries covers everywhere in China except a few Daoist mountains like Mt.Qingcheng.It is commonly said that Buddhist monks have occupied much mote well-known mountains for their Buddhist ptrpose than Daoist priests.However, most of Buddhist followers bwliwvw that only the fotr famous mountains in China are the Buddhist holy places.They are Mt.Wmei in Sichuan, Mt.Putuo in Zhejiang, Mt.Wuta in Shaanxi and Jiuhua in Anhui.Each mountain is dedicated to different Bodhisattvas.In Chinese Bodhisattva usually is referred as pusa, a potential Buddha, who has achieved perfect enlightenment and decided to bring salvation to all suffering creatures before entering into Nirvana.Therefore, each Bodhisattva has his own ritual place to salvage suffering creatures.Wenshu performs the Buddhist rites in Mt Wuta, and Guanyin in Mt.Putuo.Dizang is said to have gained enlightenment in Mt Jiuhua.Puxian is regarded as one of the four well-known Bodhisattvas of China's Buddhism.Legend has it that Mt.Emei in Sichuan is the place where he performs the Buddhist rites.Puxian and Wenshu appear in a pair in suppirt of Sakymuni.They usually stand side by side with Sakymuni.The middle.Puxian is the right attendant.He rides a white elephant, and Wenshu a lion as we often see in monasteries.Wenshu is a symbol of Wisdom while Puxian Benevolence.Buddhism encourages its followers to study hard at the Buddhist theory, and then use what they have learnt to do charitable works for the purpose of salvaging the suffering creatures.More likely Wisdom and Benevolence display the Buddhist proceess step by step.One of the Buddhist doctrines says that after Puxian achieved perfect enlightenment, he vowed to retrn back to the world and not to accept his own salvation until all sentient beings, humans and animals had been saved.Puxian went out on his elephant to realize his ambition.his six-tusk elephant enjoys a high statue in the Buddhist world known as the Elephant King.Wannian Monastery is dedicated to the gilded statue of Puxian who sits on the white elephant.This statue, 8.5m high, is cast in copper and bronze, weighing estimatedly 62,000kg in a brick hall.One doctrine says:“Puxian has many images.He puts himself into different forms based on the Buddhist predestined relationship.The ordinary human beings can only see him in a human bodily form, who sometimes stands by Sakyamuni,or simetimes rides on his white elephant.” According to the explanation of the Buddhist texts, it is almost impossible for the ordinary human beings to see Puuxian's Fa and Bao images unless they hike up to the Golden summit of the mountain, where the pious Buddhists may see Puxian's Bao image in Buddhist Aureole-rainbow rings.In ancient times the Buddhist Aureole was called the illuminant image,which indicates that the Puxian reveals himself in his BUddhist Aureole only before the people who have the Buddhist predestined relationship.It is the iluminant image in the Golden Summit that has made the mountain nationally famous.At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Buddhism came imto China.It is commonly said that Buddhism began to develop in Sichuan during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It is very hard to find out when the first monastery was built,and who was the first Buddhist monk to perform his rites in the mountain.The local historical records have no written information about Buddhism in the mountain,which occurred before the Jin Dynasty.As early as in 400 a monk by the name of Huichi arrived at Mt.Emei.At that time only a few ascetic practitioners lived in the animal-haunted mountain.Staying with them,Huichi started to build a temple with a statue of Puxian set up inside.The current Wan Nian Monastery grew out of the earliest temple.Huichi was considered the founder of Buddhism in the mountain.During the Western Jin Dynasty(265-317)a Daoist priest by the name of Qianming estab lished a Daoist temple called Qian Ming Temple in the mountain.It was the biggest Daoist temple in the mountain where a hundred Daoists priests performed Daoism.At the beginning of the southern and Nouthern Dynasties(420-550), the priests decided to choose their head to be in charge of the temple.However, they had an endless dispute because of the difference of opinions.A Bddhist monk by the name of Mingguo went to the temple and taught the priests Buddhism.Finally all the priests were converted to Buddhism, and the Daoist temple became a Buddhist monastery by the name of Zhong Feng Moonastery,During the Southern and Nouthern Dynasties,Buddhism developed in the mountain.A monk from India came to Sichuan.His name was Baozhang,the first foreign monk who arrived at the mountain after his short stay in Chengdu.According to the local historical records,Baozhang set up a monastery by the name of Ling Yan Monastery.A stream flowed along the foreground of the monastery.Behind it ,over a misty mountain,dark trees merged imperceptibly into the rest of the landscape.The monastery continued its development in the following dynasties.It was said that the monastery was the biggest in the mountain with 48 halls inside in the Ming Dynasty.Unfortu-nately it was destyroyed by a fire towards the end of the Ming Dynasty.During his stay in China Baozhang translated Buddhist scriptures into Chinese and made a contribution to the culture exchange between China and India.During the Tang Dynasty(618-907)Buddhism in Sichuan developed considerably because some emperors supported Buddhism During their reins.some important Buddhist constructions were set up in Sichuan such as Bao Guang Monastery(the divine light monastery)in xindu County ,the Giant Buddha in Leshan City ,and Wen Shu Monastery in Chengdu.Of course, Buddhism in the mountain was no exception.Some famous monks kept visiting the mountain.Xuan Zang made a pilgrimage to the sacred land of India to collect manuscripts and images and visit the well-known shrines from 629 to 645, leaving a valuable account of his travels in his “Records of the western Regions”, Before his journey ,Xuan Zang came to the mountain.He visited Puxian,earnestly hoping to get blessings from him.On his way up to the mountain he came across an old monk who offerd him a Buddhist scripture.After reading it ,Xuan zang felt more confident for his long journey to india.Legend has it that Puxian put himself in the bodily form of the old monk.From 779 to 805, Weigao, the local top military commander in west Sichuan, donated to support Buddhist development both in Leshan and Mt.E-mei.During the rein of Xizong(874-888)of the Tang Dynasty, a well-known monk by the name of Huitong came to the mountain from Zhijiang.He stayed in Baishui Monastery as the abbot, He employed many workers to maintain and enlarge the existed monasteries, and at the same time he himself arrfanged workers to establish Qingyin Pavilion Monastery.He even invited his yiunger sister huixu, a Buddhist nun to stay in He Shui Monastery.Huixu was the first unu in Mt.Emei.During the Song Dynasty Buddhism in the moutain further developed, In 964 Zhao Kuangyin the first empperor of the Song dynasty sent a 300-member-delegation of monks headed by Jiye, a well-known monk to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures, In 976 they came back with Buddhist materials and images.Due to Jiye's great deeds, Emperor Taizhong honored him by allowing him to choose a place in China to perform his Buddhism.Jiye decided to go to Mt.Emei, where he stayed in Niuxin Monastery to perform his Buddhist rites.Zao Kuangyin also asked one of his assistants by the name of Zhang to come to Chingdu, where Zhang was responsible for casting a 8.50-meter-high statue of Puxian in copper and bronze, and then transporting it to the Baishui Monastery on the site of the Wannian Monastery.Several Sing emperors kept presenting Buddhist scriptures, paintings and valuable gifts to Baishui Monasters stood at the lower part of the mountain.At that time only a few visitors or monks hiked the mountain via the current Wannian Monastery.The monasteries above Wsnnisn Monsastery remained very primitive, still less the monastery on the Golden Summit, which was no more than a wooden house without a monk to live in.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties most of the emperors helped develop Buddhism in China.Zhu Yuanzhang, the first ming Emperor used to be a monk.In his monk career Zhu Yuanzhang had a close contact with a monk by the name of Guangji who later worked in a monastery in the mountain.Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to reestablisshed Xiwa Monastery.After the completion of the monastery, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned him to stay in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, but Guangju kindly refsed the invitqation and cotinued his stay in the mountain.Zhu Yijun was the ling-reining Ming Emperor(1573-1620)who was buried in Dingling, one of the ming Tombs.he and his two wives reposed in the underground palace, which was excavatedf in August, 1956.As a story goes, his mother wanted very much to give a birth to a boy in order to inherit the imperial throne.Therefore, she came to the mountain where she kneeled before the statue of Puxian in Baishui Monastery vowing that she would establish a new monastery and gilt the statue of Puxian if she was blessed to have a boy.Soon afterwards Zhu Yijun was born, and he himself ascended the throne as expected.In 1600 the emperor issued an imperial edit to establish a beamless brick hall and gilt the statue of Puxian on the white elephant.He even renamed Baishui Monastery as Wannian Monastery to celebrate his mother's birthday.In 1602 four bronze halls were cast in Changan on the current site of Xi'an.One of them was moved up to the top of the mountain from which the Golden Summut was named.The hall was 8m high and 5m wide.There are no written records about how the hall was carried uyp the mountain.Unfortunately the hall was completely destroyed by a fire.In 1828 a monk by the name of Yuexzhao collected donations to set up a glazed-golden-roof brick hall, which replaced the bronxe hall.In 1972 another fire occurred, The hall, a telecom tower and andther monastery were all destroyed.The new monastery completed in 1990 still bears traces of its original splendor.Towards the end of the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism declined because of a local war, which lasted many years in Sichuan.By the end of the Qing Dynasty Buddhism in the mountain had been restored as much as in the Ming Dynasty.Both Baoguo and Fuhu monasteries were enlatged in the Qing Dynasty and now become the largest ones in the mountain.Before 1949, there were more than 70 monasteries and over 3,000 monks in all in the mountain.The monasteried owned a large amount of farming land to stpport the monks.Half of farmers at the foot of the mountain worked for the monasteries.Routes concerned

Every Chinese or overseas visitor enkoys climbing to the top of Mt.Emei——the Golden Summit more than 10,000-feet-high.The mountain itself is shrouded in the ever-hanging cloud of fog.Fir trees, pines and cedarsclithe the slopes;lofty crags, cloud-kissing precipices, butterflies and azaleas together form a nature reserve of sorts.At the Golden Summit one stands above the fog and gets a beautiful view, especially in the early morning when mountaintops are bathed in the radiance of the rising sun.Late in the tare afternoon the viewers may see the Magic Light,which appears as a multicolored ring of light in the sky with the shadow of the viewer moves.This light phenomenon was traditionally known as Buddha's Aureole or the Emei Buddhist Glory.Actually it is a rainbow ring, produced by tefraction of water particles that attach themselves to a person's shadow in a cloudbank below the summit.Devout Buddhists, thinking this was a call from yonder,used to jump off the Cliff of Self-Sacrifice in the belief that they would thus encounter Puxian.So during the Ming and Qing dynasties officials set up iron poles and chain railings to prevent sticides.Totrists usually start their ascent of the mountain at Baoguo Monastery, originally constructed in the 6th century but entirely rebuilt in the 17th.There are two paths to Jinding, named after a glistening bronxe hall that once crowned the main peak of the mountain.The northern path is wide and easy to follow.The southern path is more rugged and winding.Because it is easier to go up than to come down, most people ascend by the southern route and return on the northern one.At predent there is a cable-car transportation up to the summit.Tourists can continue either on foot or by cable-car.The northern route passes Bailong Cave, Wannian Monastery and Zhanlao Terrace.The southern route passes through Fuhu Monastery, Qingyinge Monastery, Jiulao Cave and Yuxian Monastery.The two paths converge and lead to Xixian Poolm so called after the legend that Puxian passed here on his white elphant, which he washed in the pool before resuming his trip.Xixi9an Pool is the place where tourists frequently come across wild monkeys who usually stand along the path begging for food from tourists.The Chinese find the monkeys an integral part of the mountain trip and like to offer them some food fo0r fun.If you have no food, you should thrust open palms towards the monkeys to show you have no food.The path continues to Leidongping Tettace, a small temple in which the thunder god was supposed to live, and finally to jinding-the Golden Summit itself.The hiking is spectacular and tiring, and the path difficult to follow in places.No matter whether you ascend or descend, youy have to keep a cautious eye on the next step.You should stop occasionally to get a longer view and enjoy the beautiful scenes.The scenery is also and excusw to rest and let your pounding hearts slow down.Whenever you come across a lovely waterfall and spectacular gorge, you should sit by the waterfall, content with the stately beauty and blessings of that spot.四川成都导游词

作者：导游栖息地

来源： 网络

2008-3-17

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女士们、先生们，欢迎您们光临成都.成都是四川省省会、中国历史文化名城、首批中国优秀旅游城市、国家卫生城市、国家“双拥”模范城。近几年，她又以城市建设和生态环境方面的成就，先后荣获联合国颁发的“人居奖”和“最佳范例奖”两项殊誉。

成都是一座融古代文明与现代文明于一体的特大城市。她是稀世珍宝大熊猫的故乡，也是天府之国的中心和“窗口”。她以历史悠久、文化底蕴厚重，风光绚丽多姿和名胜古迹众多而闻名于世。“锦城”“蓉城”是成都的别名；芙蓉、银杏是成都的市花和市树。

成都市位于川西北高原山地和川中丘陵之间，西部地势较高，中部和东南部是广阔的成都平原，平均海拔500米左右。境内兼有山景、平原和丘陵之美，且气候温和，雨水充沛、年平均气温16℃上下，降水量约1000毫米，素有“冬无严寒，夏无酷暑”之誉，加以土地肥沃，水利先进，物产十分富饶，历来被称为“水旱从人，不知饥谨”的“天府明珠”。

成都市的全市总面积12．39万平方公里，总人口超过1000万人，辖区划为7区4市（县级市）、8县。即锦江区、青羊区、成华区、金牛区、武侯区、青白江区、龙泉驿区；都江堰市、彭州市、崇州市、邛崃市；温江县、新都县、双流县、大邑县、新津县、郫县、金堂县、蒲江县。此外，还设有国家级四川成都经济技术开发区和成都高新技术开发区。我们一般说的成都市区则指市中心部位的五个区，简称为“五城区”。其余的统称“市郊县”。

成都早在一万年前就已成为蜀族先民活动的中心和舞台。在市区和广汉三星堆的出土文物表明，至少在四千年以前，古蜀先民们就用自己辛勤劳动的双手，在这里创造了具有鲜明地域特征的古蜀文明。大约2500年前，古蜀国开明王朝把国都从樊乡（今彭州市、新都县交界处）迁到此处，取周太王迁歧“一年成邑，三年成都”这一典故，定名“成都”。这时的成都已经成为一个初具规模的城市。公元前316年，秦国把四川纳入版图，成都是蜀郡的首府。自此以后，成都一直是四川地区政治、经济、文化中心，历代皆为郡、州、省一级行政区的治所和军事重镇。其间，成都曾前后有7个割据政权的都城设在此，它们是，西汉末年的公孙述“大成政权”，公元二世纪时“三国”的蜀汉王朝，三世纪的“成汉”政权，九世纪前后的“前蜀”和“后蜀”政权，北宋时期农民起义的“大蜀”政权和明末张献忠建立的“大西”政权。

成都有着悠久而灿烂的工商发展历史，特别是丝织业的发达，名冠中华，远销国外。西汉时期，成都因经济繁荣成为当时中国的“五都”之一，织锦业已成为汉朝的重要国库收入来源。成都是蜀锦织造中心，朝廷在此设置了“锦官城”，派有“锦官”进行管理。这也是成都又称为“锦城”，绕城而过的府南河又称为 “锦江”的原因。蜀汉时期，诸葛亮在四川实行休养生息，扶持农商的经济政策，成都作为蜀汉首都得到了更大的发展，从晋代左思《蜀都赋》的叙述可见当时盛况。他说“市廛所会，万商之渊，列隧百里，罗肆万千，堕贿山积，纤丽星繁……”好一幅百货云集、万头攒动的市场交易图！唐代，成都有“扬一益二”之誉，说她的繁华仅次于江南的扬州。到北宋时期，成都已成为仅次于汴京的大都会。这时的成都，由于在晚唐五代的纷争中处于相对安定的情况下，工农商业都有所发展，商市贸易突破了传统的坊市格局，发展了专门的交易市场，不仅有城内东南西北的综合市场，也有了专营产品的市场，如草市、糠市、盐市、骡马市等，闹市区还有了“夜市”。此后的成都历经元、明、清诸朝和民国时期，其间虽有多次的兴衰起落，但她作为四川省经济中心的地位并无变化。

成都也是历史上著名的工艺之乡。蜀绣、蜀锦名满天下，列入中华四大名绣、四大名锦之列；成都的漆器以制作精美、工艺独特，为历代传世名品，近代汉墓出土的文物中许多成都漆器可以作证；唐代成都出产的“雷琴”，载誉全国，被声乐界视同珍宝；成都的印刷业在宋代是全国三大印刷业基地之一，有“宋时蜀刻甲天下”的赞誉，伦敦博物馆所藏敦煌文书中有五代时期成都的木刻“历书”，为世界最早的木刻历书印本；成都的造纸业也很著名，唐代成都造的“益州麻纸” 是官方规定的诏书、册令用纸；女诗人薛涛制作的“薛涛笺”被文人诗客视为上品。成都的金银丝制品、竹编、草编、也都有数百上千年的历史。

成都是灿烂的蜀汉文化发祥地之一，也是四川文化教育的中心城市，拥有辉煌的文明历史。早在公元前140多年，蜀郡太守文翁在成都兴学，开办了中国第一所正规的官办学堂、为四川的文化发展起了巨大的促进作用。“汉赋四大家”，成都市有司马相如、扬雄两位，晋代史学家《华阳国志》作者常璩、唐代女诗人薛涛、音乐家段安节、五代词人欧阳炯、绘画大师黄筌、宋代学者《资治通鉴》副主编范祖禹、理学家魏了翁、医学家唐慎微、明代文学家杨长庵、清代著名的 “儒将”岳钟祺，加上现代文学巨子巴金、艾芜、沙汀等人都是成都人士。当然，造就成都文明史的还有历史上众多的外来名臣、文士的巨大贡献，成都是历史上文化名流汇集之地。大诗人李白、杜甫、岑参、高适、韦庄、陆游、大文豪苏轼等人都曾寓居这里，为后人留下了大批的文化遗产，使成都的发达文化享誉国内外。

有关成都的历史和发展的史话，我们就说到这里。让我再为大家说说今日成都的现状。

汉文化

作为第一批获得中国优秀旅游城市称号的成都，旅游资源得天独厚，最突出的是“蜀汉文化”、“熊猫故乡”、“天府风光”三大特色。

下面，请让我分别简述一下：

成都是蜀汉文化的发源地。蜀汉文化是中华文化的重要组成部分。都江堰芒城、温江县鱼凫城、郫县三道堰、新津龙马古城和附近的广汉三星堆等遗址说明，蜀汉文化有悠久的历史。

成都作为数代古蜀王朝的都城和四川地区的首府，孕育了历代多少风流人物，拥有许多的历史遗迹和文化瑰宝，仅以各级政府明令公布保护的重点文物单位全市就有118处，其中全国重点文物保护单位9处。2300多年前修建的都江堰大型水利工程，构思之巧妙，计算之精确，手段之高明，工程之宏伟，功能之完善，管理之科学，效益之长远，无不让到此的中外游客为之倾倒，她使成都平原成为“水旱从人”，“沃野千里”的“天府”，给四川带来了富裕和繁荣，被誉为 “独奇千古的天府银河”和“镇川之宝”，是人类文明的不朽杰作。

武侯祠座落在成都市南郊的一片森森翠柏之中，公元五世纪，为纪念三国时蜀汉丞相诸葛亮而建。这是全国最大、保存最完整的武侯祠，是中国众多三国遗迹中唯一被列为全国重点文物的单位。馆藏极其丰富的成都武侯祠，与周边其他州、市、县丰富的蜀汉文化景观构成的“三国遗迹寻踪”黄金旅游者的欢迎。

杜甫草堂位于成都西郊浣花溪畔，是在唐代大诗人杜甫流寓成都时的故居上建成的纪念性古典园林。是全国重点文物保护单位。杜甫的诗歌，对中国文学的发展有着深远的影响，被后人誉为“诗史”，他本人被尊为“诗圣”。草堂现存各种杜诗版本、多种文字译本、杜诗书法作品及其他有关资料3000余册，文物 2000余件。杜甫草堂不仅为人们研究杜甫、杜诗提供了珍贵的资料，而且也是中外人士瞻仰杜甫遗容的胜地。

成都市的宗教文物也很丰富。全市现有佛寺、道观、教堂近百处。大邑县的鹤鸣山是中国道教的发祥地，并以“青城天下幽”的景观名列国家级风景名胜区。市区内的青羊宫规模宏大，是全国重点文物保护单位。相传为“太上老君”（即老子）坐台传授道法之处。成都佛寺众多，其中最负盛名的有宝光寺、石经寺、大慈寺、昭觉寺、文殊院等。宝光寺相传建于东汉，被誉为长江流域四大丛林之一。其他的文物古迹，诸如望丛祠、望江楼、明僖王陵、永陵、东汉墓、观音寺壁画、辛亥秋保路死事纪念碑等，就不再一一列述了。

今日成都

今日成都，可以说是既古老又年青，既安宁又繁荣，在国家实施西部大开发战略决策的大好形势下，正扬起风帆，向着现代化的大都市目标迈进。

新中国成立后，古老的成都焕发了青春。工农业生产都有突飞猛进的发展。特别是60年代前期，国家大力进行的“三线”建设，使成都基本上形成以机械、电子、冶金、化工和轻纺工业为主体的工业体系，成为四川和中国西部新兴的工业基地。

1978年以来，成都进入了改革开放和现代化建设新的历史时期，凭藉其雄厚的经济基础和地处中西部结合处的区位优势，在短短的二十多年间，已进一步发展成为中国西南地区重要的科技、商贸、金融中心和交通、通信枢纽，中国的特大城市之一。

今日的成都，干道纵横、街市宽整、高楼林立、绿树成荫，市容美丽，商业服务行业网点遍布全市，城市综合服务功能日益增强；绕城而过的府南河，经过全市人民的五年奋斗，全面整治告捷，如今的府南河水质变得清亮，两岸的花木、草坪、雕塑、亭榭与栉比鳞次的现代化民居高楼相映争辉，犹如在城市的脖子上系了一条“翡翠项链”，它不仅具有防洪、环保和交通运输的功能，还成了市民和游人最喜爱的休闲观光好去处。

成都作为西南地区的交通通信枢纽，铁路有成渝、宝成、成昆和达成铁路交汇于此；公路除成渝、成绵、成乐、成雅、成灌高速公路外，还有3条国道通过，形成了以川陕、川藏、川甘和成渝、成阿等23条省级以上公路为骨干的放射型公路网络，成都市是全国公路最密集的城市之一；成都是西南地区最大的航空港。双流国际机场是全国四大空港之一，现已开通了国际国内航线170多条。成都又是西南地区邮电通讯交换中心之一，并先后与160余个国家和地区建立了通信联系。便捷的交通，发达的通讯，把成都与全国各地紧密地连接在一起，架起了成都通向世界各地的桥梁。

熊猫故乡

成都是大熊猫的故乡。

成都近郊有国家森林公园4处，大熊猫生态自然保护区3处。全世界仅存的一千余只大熊猫，80％左右分布在成都及其邻近地区。

全世界最大的大熊猫繁育研究基地也建在成都。

成都动物园是世界上大熊猫最多的城市动物园。到成都旅游您不但可以了解到大熊猫最新的科研成果以及与大熊猫有关的背景和文化。

您还可以去成都鞍子河、大邑黑水河、都江堰市虹口，以及宝兴蜂桶寨、卧龙保护区等大熊猫栖息地和生态自然保护区，领略大自然的风光，追寻大熊猫的踪迹。

天府风光

天府风光是吸引大量中外游人来成都观光游览的又一大特色资源。天府乐土，成都宝地，独特的地型地貌，造就了成都多姿多彩，独特有序的天府风光：田园、丘陵、河渠、湖泊、峡谷、奇峰各具魅力，而且自然景观、人文景观和浓郁的民俗风情融为一体，秀色美景，汇成大观。古往今来，不知有多少文人墨客赞美成都，真是个“九天开出一成都，万户千门入画图”，“剑南山水尽清晖，濯锦江边天下稀”，“繁华盛丽天下无。”

除开刚才已说过的都江堰——青城山景区之外，还有以原始森林、飞瀑流泉、高山天景和雪山草场为特色的大邑西岭雪山；奇险深幽，生态原始的彭州九峰山景区；凝幽滴翠，美自天然的崇州九龙沟；湖山澄碧、曲折幽静的蒲江朝阳湖；丹霞山景、世外仙原般的邛崃天台山，以及金堂的沱江风光、龙池的山林奇观等等，都是爱好游山玩水的旅游者观光游览，享受自然的理想之地。成都平原的农村田园风光富饶美丽，民俗民风，遗存丰富，别真情趣，是天府风光中令人瞩目的一大胜景。大邑县的刘氏庄原，郫县的友爱乡，龙泉的书房村，是开展“农家乐”和田园风光游的好去处。

亲爱的朋友，不管您喜欢什么，在成都您都可以找到满意的去处。想观花，这里有龙泉驿的桃花节、彭州的牡丹节、新都的桂花节；想游湖，这里有风景秀丽的朝阳湖、龙泉湖、桂湖和白塔湖；要登山，这里有奇峰怪石的龙门山，险峻雄奇的天台山、花果飘香的龙泉山；要游园，这里有浓缩世界主要景观的世界乐园，望江公园和人民公园；想感受成都传流的民居文化的韵味，您可以走进一条条由无数四合院连接起来的大街小巷；想领略乡间小镇质朴、宁静的自然风光，您可以到双流黄龙溪古镇、那里古街、古树、古庙、古水陆码头、古战场、古建筑、古文化融为一体，还是“中国火龙之乡”；想观戏，您可以步入戏院欣赏川戏、听那委婉动听的高腔，看那变幻莫测的“变脸”、“吐火”等川剧绝技表演；想品茶，您可以到一间间各具风格的茶馆、茶楼。四川茶馆的特殊氛围，盖碗茶具和高超的掺茶技艺，会使您感受到浓浓的成都茶文化的气息；想吃川菜，成都是正宗川菜发祥地，川菜馆遍布全市，名师荟萃，品味正宗；想吃小吃，成都小吃“驰名中外，品种繁多。色鲜味佳，物美价廉，担担面、钟水饺、龙抄手、赖汤园、韩包子、夫妻肺片等都是成都“小吃”的传统名品，而近年崛起的“火锅”正后来居上，风靡一时。总之一句话，“吃在成都、玩在成都、游在成都”已成为旅游爱好者的共识。

朋友们，近几年来，成都旅游业得到了长足的发展。特别值得一提的是西部大开发，使成都旅游业的发展前景更加广阔。成都将以更丰富的旅游产品，更良好的旅游环境，更优质的旅游服务，迎接祖国和世界各地的朋友们的到来，我们相信大家的成都之旅一定能获得圆满和愉快的感受。

谢谢大家。

第五篇：宋才发：四川都江堰、青城山文化景观探讨

宋才发：四川都江堰、青城山文化景观探讨

四川都江堰、青城山文化景观探讨

宋才发



（中央民族大学 民族博物馆，北京 100081）

一

都江堰位于四川成都平原西部的都江堰市，距成都约50公里处，地处北纬30°52′—31°01′，东经103°25′—103°38′，面积1211.2平方公里，人口62万人，被誉为“天府之源”、“镇川之宝”。都江堰古时属都安县境而名为“都安堰”，又称“湔堰”、“湔堋”，宋元后开始用现名“都江堰”①。都江堰创建于公元前256年左右，距今已有2250多年的悠久历史。当时的秦蜀郡太守李冰，根据当地的地理特点并借鉴前人治水经验，巧妙地利用岷江出山口处的特殊地形，在恰当的位置选址作堰，顺应自然规律利用高低落差，在生产工具和施工技术比较落后的情况下，采用热胀冷缩的原理，凿离堆、穿“二江”（郫江、检江即今走马河、柏条河）化害为利，自流灌溉成都平原，造就了中外闻名的天府之国，使成都平原成为中国著名的粮仓。具体地说，李冰就是利用鱼嘴分水堤从岷江引水灌溉，枯水期自动将岷江60%的水引入内江，40%的水排入外江；遇洪水时能够自动将60%的水排入外江，40%的水引入内江②。都江堰建于岷江弯道处，江水至都江堰，含沙量少的表层水流向凹岸，含沙量大的底层水流向凸岸，将洪水冲下来的沙石大部分从外江排走。进入内江的小部分沙石，利用伸向江心的虎头岩的支引、宝瓶口的节制和“离堆”的顶托，将大部分沙石从“飞沙堰”、“人字堤”排入外江，使宝瓶口引水口和灌区干流免遭泥沙淤塞；利用宝瓶口引水口控制进水量，既保证了灌溉用水，又防止了过量洪水涌入内江灌区造成灾害。都江堰是成功地运用自然弯道形成的流体引力，自动引水、泄洪、排沙的典范。在建堰时，李冰还在江中埋石马做淘滩标志，立“三石人”来观察水情消长，开创了中国古代水情测量的先例。据《永康军志》载:“春耕之际，需之如金，号曰‘金灌口’”。因此，宝瓶口（古时又名“金灌口”）是内江进水的咽喉，能够自动调节进入灌区的水量，使成都平原“水旱从人”，成为天府粮仓③。经过2200多年的发展，成为集防洪、灌溉、运输、发电、水产养殖、旅游及城乡工业、生活用水为一体，综合效益巨大的大型水利工程，开创了中国乃至世界水利工程之先河。

都江堰是当今世界年代久远、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。它不仅是中国水利工程技术的伟大奇迹，也是世界水利工程的璀璨明珠。都江堰流传着许多美好的民间传说。战国后期秦楚两霸争夺天下，秦为实现一统天下大业，便将“得蜀则得楚，得蜀先治水”列为秦的根本国策。蜀居楚之上陆路不通，自古以来“蜀道难，难于上青天”④，如水上运兵攻楚，则旦夕即至。秦出于政治目的遂派李冰治理岷江，所以有“秦并六国，自蜀始”的说法。都江堰由渠首工程和灌区两大部分组成。渠首工程在四川省都江堰市城西1000米处，它是灌区的中枢，保护面积231.5公顷。都江堰能经久不衰的重要原因，就是渠首位 作者简介

宋才发（1953—），中央民族大学民族博物馆馆长，原中央民族大学法学院院长、法学教授、博士生导师。① 刘耀编著：《中国绝色风景》，中国长安出版社2006年版，第279页。② 李振湘著：《世界遗产中国行》，民族出版社2004年版，第182页。③《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第175页。④ 吴丈蜀主编：《历代诗词曲佳句名篇大全》，长江文艺出版社1992年版，第829页。置选址科学，工程与地形条件配合巧妙，乘势利导因时制宜，相互制约相辅相成，具有布局合理科学系统的完整性。渠首工程选在成都平原顶端，海拔726米，为全灌区制高点，它接纳了岷江上游丰富而稳定的水资源。渠首工程由鱼嘴分水堤、宝瓶口引水口、飞沙堰溢洪道三大主体工程和百丈堤、人字堤等附属工程组成，是一个分流引水、溢洪排沙相结合的生态系统工程。都江堰的创建以不破坏自然资源，充分利用自然资源为人类服务为前提，变害为利，使人、地、水三者高度协合统一，是全世界迄今为止仅存的一项伟大的生态工程①。它开创了中国古代水利史上的新纪元，标志着中国水利史进入了一个新阶段，在世界水利史上写下了光辉的一章。都江堰水利工程是中国古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，不愧是中华文化划时代的杰作。随着科学技术的发展和灌区范围的扩大，从1936年开始，逐步改用混凝土浆砌卵石技术对渠首工程进行维修、加固，增加了部分水利设施，古堰的工程布局和“深淘滩、低作堰”，“乘势利导、因时制宜”，“遇湾截角、逢正抽心”等治水方略没有改变，都江堰发挥的效益越来越大。据1998年文字资料记载，实际灌溉面积达到66.87万公顷，同时为四川50多个大中城市，数百家工矿企业提供了工业和生活用水，成为世界最佳水资源利用的典范②。历代政府对都江堰水利工程都非常重视，逐步完善了管理机构，建立了岁修、防洪等维护制度，积累和总结了“六字诀”、“三字经”、“八字格言”等宝贵的治水经验，使古堰持续发展相沿不废。都江堰与中国古代著名的水利工程相比，其构思、设计、选址独具匠心，它是自然生态、科学文化、人与自然紧密协合的伟大创举，中国乃至世界其他任何古代水利工程都无与伦比③。1872年德国地理学家李希霍芬称赞“都江堰灌溉方法之完善，世界各地无与伦比。”1986年国际灌排委员会秘书长弗朗杰姆，国际河流泥沙学术会的各国专家参观都江堰后，对都江堰科学的灌溉和排沙功能给予高度评价。1999年3月联合国人居中心官员参观都江堰后，建议都江堰水利工程参评2000年联合国“最佳水资源利用和处理奖”④。

李冰纪念馆位于都江堰市区西1公里的二王庙⑤内，于1992年4月1日建成开放。纪念馆坐落在二王庙东侧山麓，占地面积2900平方米，主体建筑高18米，墙面用大理石、瓷砖贴成。二王庙位于都江堰左岸玉垒山麓的山坳中，隔江与鱼嘴相望，原为纪念蜀王杜宇的望帝祠，南齐建武年间（公元494—498年）改祀李冰（称“崇德庙”）；972年铸塑李二王像，因父子二人相继被敕封为王。清代建造“二王庙”，占地面积5.1万平方米，建筑面积1.1万平方米，建筑布局，轴线多次转折，以大殿中心为祭祀、饮食、住宿的功能要求，从纵横两个方向组成井然有序、主次分明、功能各异、整体性强并带有浓厚川西民居风格的建筑群。庙前左右各有一座临街楼，与照壁疏江亭长廊连接，形成自横向入庙的通道。沿石阶上依次为乐楼、灌澜亭、灵官殿、大照壁、山门、李冰殿、二郎殿，然后右行是铁龙殿及食宿区，左行为堰功堂、圣母殿、老君殿及新建的后山门。大殿为穿透式木构架、双脊重檐歇山式建筑，面阔7间34米，进深5间22米，高18.5米。山门为三重檐坎山式顶建筑，门额上部均用凤凰窠装饰，重重飞檐翘角，气势十分壮观。门额正中“二王庙”匾额，为冯玉祥将军所书。庙内崇敬李冰治水功绩、记录前人治水经验的石刻、诗碑、匾额、楹联，举目可见。主殿分别供有李冰及二郎的塑像，造型明朗、新颖、庄严、肃穆，富有时代气息和地方特色。庙中还珍藏有治水名言，诗人碑刻和闻名的治水《三字经》、《八字诀》，还有光绪帝御笔的“功昭蜀道”，以及张大千、徐悲鸿、关山月的墨宝。展厅分为生平简述、古堰丰碑、泽惠天府、千秋景仰四部分，概要的介绍了李冰的生平、创造都江堰的历程和科学技术成就、富国利民 ①②《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第174页。《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第175页。③ 世界古老的著名水利工程中，古巴比伦王国建于幼发拉底河上的纳尔——汉谟拉比渠和古罗马的人工渠道都早已荒废，只有都江堰独步千古，永续利用，长盛不衰。④《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第175页。⑤ “二王庙”位于都江堰玉垒山腰，前临都江堰，因在五代以后，李冰父子相继被封为王，后人为纪念李冰父子而称之为“二王庙”。的经济和社会效果及人们怀念敬仰李冰的景况，展示了鲜为人知的文物20余件及史、志、典籍。附馆陈列着毛泽东、江泽民、董必武、郭沫若等党和国家领导人的题词及海内外著名人士的诗文、书画等。“二王庙”从古至今不但香火鼎盛，而且在历史上一直既有官方主持的祭典活动，也有民间祭祀活动。传说旧历六月二十四日是二郎生日，因此川西受益区群众不辞艰苦跋涉，扶老携幼，带着祭品来庙祭拜，每日络绎不绝的香客多达万人①。

离堆又名灌口山，原系湔山虎头岩的一部分，李冰开凿宝瓶口后成为孤丘②。宝瓶口是前山，今名灌口山、玉垒山，伸向岷江的长脊上凿开的一个口子，它是人工凿成控制内江进水的咽喉，因它形似瓶口而功能奇特故名“宝瓶口”。留在宝瓶口右边的山丘因与其山体相离故称离堆。离堆位于市区西部，占地面积约60000平方米，由于宝瓶口自然景观瑰丽，有“离堆锁峡”之称，属历史上著名的“灌阳十景”之一。离堆古时为果园，宋代魏了翁《永康军花洲记》：“永康之城南曰花洲者，俗号果园”，清末为桑园；1925年改为“都江公园”（翌年更名为“离堆公园”）。离堆大门联云：“完神禹斧椎功，陆海无双，河渠大书秦守惠；揽全蜀山水秀，导江第一，名园生色华阳篇。”歌颂李冰治水功绩，描述公园特色。这里三面绝壁，直对惊涛，与附近山、水、城、堰、古迹、津梁交相辉映，更显雄伟。建筑群不强调中轴线，老王殿、铁佛殿、玉皇殿等单幢建筑依地势逶迤而上，前部封闭，后部开敞。玉皇殿后有“观澜亭”，登亭眺望皑皑雪山，滔滔江水尽收眼底。伏龙观原系晋代为纪念青成隐士修的范贤馆。后因李冰降伏孽龙伏在离堆之下，故于北宋初年改祭李冰并取名伏龙观。伏龙观又名老王庙、李公祠、李公庙等，占地面积3000平方米，建筑面积1900平方米。伏龙观有庙宇三重：前殿塑有公元168年(东汉)所雕的高2.9米，重约4吨的李冰石像，还有东汉堰工石像、唐代金仙和玉真公主在青城山修道时的遗物飞龙鼎。伏龙观中文物甚多，如树立在正殿中的东汉李冰圆雕石像，1974年迁建索桥时于3号桥基坑出土。像用灰白砂岩琢成，高290厘米，肩宽96厘米，厚46厘米，底部有一方榨，长18厘米。石像冠冕长衣，手置胸前，面含微笑，两袖和衣襟上各有浅刻题记一行。1975年8月18日加座竖立在伏龙观正殿中。正殿右侧竖立的堰工石像，是1975年1月18日在都江堰外闸下开挖护滩时发现的。石像宽衣重袖，持插而立，通高1.85米，肩宽0.7米；插高0.28米，宽0.25米，插把长1.34米。石像头部已被冲毁，背部冲蚀严重。正殿中的飞龙铁鼎是唐容宗女玉真公主故物。鼎重约千斤，上有8条飞龙和云纹花卉，是不可多得的古代铸造精品，1978年10月移入观中陈列。

安澜索桥是我国古代人民利用本地竹木资源创建的桥梁形式之一。索桥位于都江堰渠首鱼嘴处，横跨内外二江，全长261米，为古代沟通岷江东西两岸的交通纽带。宋淳化元年（公元990年），大理评事梁楚知永康军重建后称“评事桥”。明末毁于战火，清嘉庆八年（公元1803年），贵州大定府何先德夫妇募捐重建，以碗口粗竹缆十根平列，上铺木板为桥面，两旁有较细竹缆为扶栏，两岸行人可安渡狂澜，故名安澜桥（时人又称夫妻桥）。安澜索桥全长约500米，现在的桥下移100多米，将竹索改为钢索，承托缆索的木桩桥墩改为混凝土桩，桥身也缩为240米③。坐落于都江堰首鱼嘴上横跨都江堰市区内江的南桥，元代称凌云桥，清改称普济桥，是连接南街与复兴街之间的一座廊式古桥。历史上屡有毁建，1958改木桥桩为钢筋混凝土墩，增建了牌坊形桥门，正式命名为“南桥”。1979年改建，桥5孔、长50米，加高了桥身，增建了桥亭、石阶、花圃。修葺后的桥头飞檐翘角，各种人物、动物雕塑，生动逼真；桥身雕梁画栋，桥廊屋面琉璃瓦与山水一色；桥廊两侧还增饰了名人题记的诗词、书画、楹联、匾额，成为吸引中外游人的胜景。近年来离堆又新建了清溪园、天府源茶庄、堰功大道，改建了荷花池，素有“川西第一名园”之美称。

二

①② 周剑锋编著：《西南民情之旅》，湖南地图出版社2001年版，第135页。

刘耀编著：《中国绝色风景》，中国长安出版社2006年版，第279页。③ 刘耀编著：《中国绝色风景》，中国长安出版社2006年版，第281页。青城山位于都江堰市城南距都江堰市中心约16公里（距成都75公里）处，属邛崃山脉南段的东支，以大面山（又名“赵公山”、“丈人山”）为主峰，青城山的山体由红色砾岩和沙泥岩构成，属丹霞地貌形态。由于构造抬升与流水切割等的作用，形成了群峰耸立、峰峻坡陡、涧壑幽深的地形。36峰姿态飞舞多变，每一峰都有茂密的植被覆盖，遂使山色郁郁葱葱，轮廓线条柔和，随着山谷的起伏，处处幽深清静，峰峦叠翠，状若城郭故称青城。青城山素有“洞天福地”、“人间仙境”之誉，是国家重点风景名胜区，省级旅游度假区，与大熊猫的故乡卧龙自然保护区相接，与世界级风景名胜区九寨沟、黄龙寺遥相呼应，自古以来就是川西平原旅游热线上的一颗璀璨明珠。城外诸峰环绕，山上树木茂盛，山路两旁古木参天，浓荫覆地，四季常青，故名“青城山”。青城山分青城前山和青城后山。前山景色优美文物古迹众多；后山自然景物神秘绮丽、原始华美如世外桃源。青城山与都江堰地处四川成都平原西缘，是四川盆地与青藏高原的接合部，也是中国西部两大地形阶梯的转折点，是两大植物区系的交汇区。保护区内地形复杂、气候多样，为生物的形成和繁衍提供了良好的生态环境。青城山背靠岷山雪岭，面向川西平原，群峰环绕，状若城廓；林深树密，四季常绿；丹梯千级，曲径通幽，素有“青城天下幽”之称①。青城山位于都江堰渠首工程南侧，从岸边迅速隆起，是我国著名的历史名山和国家重点风景名胜区。它背靠千里岷山，俯临成都平原，层峦叠嶂，自古就以优美的自然景观和众多的人文景观驰誉中外。青城山保护面积1522公顷，有36峰、8大洞、72小洞、108景②。龙溪自然保护区位于都江堰渠首工程北侧，其地形从最低海拔726米逐步抬升，最高峰光光山海拔达到4582米，形成鲜明的植物带谱。生物多样性丰富、独特，是国宝大熊猫重要分布地之一③。夏无酷暑，冬无严寒，空翠欲滴是“幽”；荆溪白石，飞瀑连珠是“幽”；曲径蜿蜒，林木遮天是“幽”；云雾缭绕，烟波四起是“幽”；宫观藏趣，自然天成也是“幽”。同时，它又体现了以“金鞭岩”为代表的“雄”的特色；以“降魔石”为代表的“奇”的特色；以“掷笔槽”为代表的“险”的特色，满山密林，日穿不透，直与峨眉争秀色④。

青城山确实有“幽”的特点。由于历代开拓者为上山的人设想，在上山的路途中，游人每行10分钟左右就可以看到一座小亭。这些小亭有的建在路旁，有的建在石桥上，它们与周围景色颇为协调，而且越往上走亭距越短，因为游人越感到疲劳就越需要多休息几次。游览青城山的乐趣，就在于沿着浓荫密布的石阶山路拾级而上，看眼中的绿意盎然，听溪涧的流水淙淙；来到一处道观就可以坐下来喝一杯茶，欣赏观中建筑和所藏文物。青城山风景区内生态旅游资源十分丰富，有大熊猫、川金丝猴和珙桐、银杏等动植物，有360平方公里的原始森林和亚洲规模最大的杜鹃专类植物园和苔藓园。代表性旅游景区有世界文化遗产都江堰——青城山、国家级森林公园龙池和国家级自然保护区龙溪——虹口，目前基本形成以世界遗产观光为主，集休闲、度假于一体的旅游产品体系，是四川旅游发展重点地区。该区以大规模的珍稀动植物、舒适宜人的气候、优质的生态环境为特征，是距离特大中心城市最近的世界级生态旅游区。今后发展重点是切实有效保护世界遗产，加大遗产科研力度，展示“人与自然和谐共处”的都江堰水生态文化；以青城山、龙溪——虹口为主要依托，大力开发生态度假旅游项目，建设青城山道教文化生态旅游度假区、青城镇国家级农业旅游示范区、龙溪——虹口生态度假旅游示范区、紫坪铺水体生态度假区等。根据资源特征和市场需求，开发多层次、多元化的生态旅游活动项目，包括青城山徒步旅行、龙池滑雪、滑草、溜索、白沙河漂流、虹口原始森林徒步穿越、青城镇生态农业观光和乡村度假等；加快都江堰生态旅游城市建设，打造“西部绿城”，创建“国家园林城市”，构建城市景观绿地生态系统。植被 ①② 青城山“青城天下幽”的美誉，意思是在天下名山中，青城山是最幽深、恬静的。

《中国文化遗产年鉴》编辑委员会：《中国文化遗产年鉴2006》，文物出版社2006年版，第77页；李振湘著：《世界遗产中国行》，民族出版社2004年版，第184页。③《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第174页。④ 刘耀编著：《中国绝色风景》，中国长安出版社2006年版，第279页。丰富的青城山不仅是道教的圣山，还拥有730多种木本植物和大量珍贵药材。唐太宗时代道士孙思邈来到了青城山，他在这里采集了大量药材，研究了解各种药性，撰写了医学著作《千金方》。因为这本至今仍然是中医必修的典籍，孙思邈被后人称为“药王”。

青城山是我国著名的道教名山之一。早在公元前2世纪，秦王朝即将青城山列为国家祭祀的18处山、川圣地之一。青城山是中国道教的发源地，汉安二年（公元143年），道教创始人张陵（又名张道陵）选中青城山深幽涵碧的赤城崖结茅传道，次年定居天师洞，立24治（教民区）。他用先秦“黄老之学”创立了“五斗米道”①，青城山便以道教发源地和天师道祖山、祖庭名标史册。张陵四世孙张盛后裔在龙虎山建天师府后，历代天师均要到青城山朝祖②。汉晋之际道教逐渐兴旺，范长生移居青城山，助李雄建立成汉政权，蜀中一时安定繁荣，天师道成为成汉政权和蜀民的精神支柱。公元618—907年间，唐王朝崇奉道教，我国道教进入一个繁盛时期，青城山尤其兴旺。唐僖宗封青城山为“希夷公”，亲草祭文，命青城山修灵宝道场周天大醮，设醮位2400个（道士设坛做法事）。明代青城山道教所传属于全真道龙门派。全真道与原来的天师正一道不同的是，它主张修道者要出家投师，住庵当道士不娶妻室、不吃荤腥，创立了一套养身习静的修炼方法。道士住山自然对宫观的维护和山林的栽培更为重视。明朝末年战乱不断，青城山道士逃走。直到清康熙八年，武当山全真道龙门派道士陈清觉来青城山主持教务，才使局面重新改观。后来陈在四川官员的帮助下，得到康熙皇帝的钦赐御书“丹台碧洞”，并封他为“碧洞真人”。至此中国道教发展进入鼎盛时期，山中道观达40多处，先后演变成7个教派。8世纪中叶，一名叫做清虚子的道士，在一次使用硫磺、木炭和硝石为燃料炼丹时发生一场意外爆炸，这次爆炸让中国人早于西方1000多年掌握了制造火药的技术。9世纪晚期，道教学者杜光庭对各派道法进行深入研究，圆融各派，成为一代宗师。他居青城近30年，著述约30部250多卷，是道教理论集大成者，影响遍及中国道教名山和东南亚各国，成为“道门领袖”之一。五代时，道教音乐进入宫廷。青城道士张孔山传谱的古琴曲《流水》，1977年被美国录入镀金唱片，由“旅行者二号”太空飞船带入太空，在茫茫宇宙寻觅人类知音③。

青城山是中国道教十大洞天中的“第五大洞宝仙九室之天”。青城山有全国最集中的道教宫观建筑群，始于晋、盛于唐，体现了中国西南民俗民风的特色。它与公元1416年所建武当山道教宫观建筑群有许多不同，如武当山体现的是宫廷建筑特色，青城山的道教建筑群自然、古老和悠久，体现出浓郁的中国西南地方特色和民族习俗。青城山道教自创建至今宗派繁衍，久盛不衰，香火未断④。青城山至今完好地保存有数十座道教宫观，珍藏着大量古迹文物和近代名家手迹。可以说，青城山是一座纵横千百年的活的“道教博物馆”。它的主要风景名胜有：（1）建福宫。建福宫始建于唐代，修建在丈人峰下，宫前有一条清溪，四周古木葱茏，环境幽美。（2）天然图画。天然图画是清光绪年间建造的一座阁。这里苍岩壁立，绿树交映，游人至此如置身画中，故将此建筑名为“天然图画”。（3）天师洞。洞中有“天师”张道陵及其30代孙“虚靖天师”的像。山东麓有距今约4500年的新石器时代晚期的芒城遗址，在我国同时期古城址中实为罕见。这里出土的大量文物，对揭示古蜀文明具有重要意义。现存殿宇建于清末，规模宏伟、雕刻精良，并有不少珍贵文物和古树；附近还有三岛石、洗心池、上天梯、一线天等名胜。相传东汉末年张道陵曾在此讲经传道，其主殿三皇殿中供有唐朝石刻三皇，殿内现存历代石木碑刻，最著名的有：唐玄宗旨书碑、岳飞手书的诸葛亮前后《出师表》等。出天师洞过访宁桥便到祖师殿，再向北去可到朝阳洞，出之则直达高台上的“上清宫”⑤。上清宫始建于晋代，现存庙宇为清同治年间所建，上有“天下第五 ①② “五斗米道”是东汉顺帝时沛国人张道陵在四川青城山创立的，因入道受教必须交纳五斗米，因之而得名。《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第174—175页。③《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第176页。④《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第175页。⑤ 据有关资料和讲解员介绍，宫门上“上清宫”三字为蒋介石所题写。名山”、“青城第一峰”等摩山石刻①。其后山景区更有神秘的洞、大蜀王遗迹、遍布山中的飞瀑渊潭、曲桥栈道，颇具原始野趣。自中国道教在青城山创建以来，道脉繁衍，逐步从山中扩大到山外乃至全国，以后历代龙虎山的天师多来青城山朝祖。晋时青城山为巴蜀道教中心。青城山道士杜光庭对老子理论进行注释和传播，对道教理论进行研究整理，被道教界称为“扶宗立教，天下一人”。现在青城山仍是弘扬中国道教文化的主要场所。中国道教协会于1995年在青城山举行中国第二次全真派传戒教务法会，全国各大道教名山住持参加传戒。青城山住持、中国道教协会会长傅圆天被推举为“全真律坛嗣天仙正宗第23代傅圆天大律师”②。总之，青城山是中国道教创立的圣地，它按照中华民族独特的文化形态进行创新，逐步发展壮大，使之成为中国的国教，具有突出的文化价值和前所未有的开创性。

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都江堰青城山的英文名为:Tht Dujiangyan Irrigationg System and Mt.Qingcheng，是中国首批公布的风景名胜区之一。2000年11月29日，在澳大利亚凯恩斯召开的联合国第24届世界遗产委员会上，根据文化遗产遴选标准C(II)(IV)(VI)，都江堰、青城山被列入《世界文化遗产名录》。世界遗产委员会对青城山与都江堰的总体评价是：青城山是中国道教的发源地之一，属于道教名山。建福宫，始建于唐代，规模颇大。天然图画坊，是清光绪年间建造的一座阁。天师洞，洞中有“天师”张道陵及其30代孙“虚靖天师”像。现存殿宇建于清末，规模宏伟，雕刻精细，并有不少珍贵文物和古树。建于公元前3世纪，位于四川成都平原西部的岷江上的都江堰，是中国战国时期秦国蜀郡太守李冰及其子率众修建的一座大型水利工程，是全世界迄今为止，年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。2200多年来仍发挥着巨大的经济效益，李冰治水，功在当代，利在千秋，不愧为文明世界的伟大杰作，造福人民的伟大水利工程③。

依据全国重点风景名胜区管理办法严格管理。1982年青城山、都江堰被国务院公布为第一批“全国重点风景名胜区”后，当地政府在严格按照全国重点风景名胜区保护办法进行管理的同时，出台了《四川省都江堰水利工程管理条例》等一系列实施全国重点风景名胜区管理的条例和办法，确保青城山、都江堰世界遗产的可持续发展。都江堰国家森林公园位于群山环抱的龙池盆地之中，盆周山地海拔在3500米以上，盆中龙池水面海拔1800米。巨大的相对高差决定了与众不同的气候特点和植被特点，由下而上，植物随着高差垂直分布，层次分明美丽如画。由于受到严格的环境保护，这里各类高等植物达3012种，名贵的珙桐、灿烂的杜鹃，及中国科学院建立的华西亚高山植物园内的许多珍稀濒危植物异彩纷呈，是我国重要的珍稀植物基因库。在26平方公里的密林之中，动物种类也十分繁多，已知的就有11000余种，其中大、小熊猫、金丝猴、扭角羚、天鹅等国家重点保护动物，区内大熊猫分为东西两个山系繁殖种群，数量约达50—70只④。这些均超过临近的峨眉山和同类遗产区，1994年被中国科学院列为全国生物多样性“五大基地”之一⑤。山青水碧，风光旖旎，被国外科学家誉为“自然博物馆”、“天然动植物乐园”。独特的地貌景观，茂密的原始森林和优美神话传说，使之风情独绝，名闻遐迩。都江堰市被评为“中国历史文化名城”、“中国优秀旅游城市”，成为世界著名的旅游胜地。都江堰市是山水园林城市，拥有国家级森林公园、国家级野生动植物自然保护区，市域林木覆盖率达70%，被评为“国家级生态示范区”；年平均气温15.2℃，空气质量和水质常年保持国家一级水平，人均寿命77.1岁,比全国人均寿命高5.7 ①② 刘耀编著：《中国绝色风景》，中国长安出版社2006年版，第280—281页。《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第176页。③ 《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第178页；《中国文化遗产年鉴》编辑委员会：《中国文化遗产年鉴2006》，文物出版社2006年版，第77页。④《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第178页。⑤《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第176页。岁，获“天然氧吧”、“长寿之乡”美誉。都江堰渠首傍城，5条河穿城而过，灵岩山城区矗立，山水城林堰相融，人与自然和谐，都江堰市获“中国人居环境范例奖”、“迪拜国际改善居住环境良好范例奖”。

依据世界遗产管理规定加大对世界遗产保护力度。都江堰、青城山列入《世界遗产名录》后，都江堰市人民政府进一步加大了保护力度，成立了都江堰市世界遗产管理机构，代表市委市政府对遗产地进行保护、管理、监测、规划和监督等。同时按照世界遗产标准对环境进行了进一步的整治和完善。当地政府部门坚决落实监测措施，加强对遗产地自然景观、水文、地质、大气、文物古迹、生态环境等全面系统的监测，对破坏世界遗产的行为进行坚决处理和纠正；进一步完善项目报批程序，凡是遗产地保护范围内的重大建设项目，必须首先请专家论证，再按照规定程序报批。2002年开始实施的《四川省世界遗产保护条例》，第4条规定：“世界遗产保护坚持有效保护、统一管理、科学规划、永续利用的原则。在保护的前提下，合理开发利用。”第7条规定：“世界遗产总体规划，由其世界遗产地的县以上人民政府组织编制，经省建设行政主管部门会同有关部门审查同意后，报省人民政府按照规定程序审批。”①《四川省世界遗产保护条例》规定，禁止在世界遗产保护范围内建设污染环境、破坏生态和造成水土流失的设施，禁止进行任何损害或者破坏世界遗产资源的活动；禁止在世界遗产核心区、保护区建设宾馆、招待所、疗养院及各种培训中心等建设项目和设立各类开发区、度假区。凡不符合总体规划的建筑物、构筑物和其他设施，必须限期拆除或者改造。譬如，2003年4月都江堰鱼嘴上游修建电站，此事引起了当地政府的高度重视和世界遗产保护专家的强烈反对，社会各界和新闻媒介给予了广泛的关注。为此，2003年8月29日四川省人民政府做出决定，未经国务院批准不得进行前期工作。从而及时阻止了在都江堰鱼嘴上游修建电站的行为，使都江堰、青城山世界遗产的真实性和完整性得到了有效保护，人与自然的和谐发展得以永续传承。青城山、都江堰已跻身中国优秀旅游城市、国家重点风景区、国家自然保护区、国家生态示范区、全国卫生城市、全国文化先进市、国家历史文化名城、国家文明风景区、国家4A级景区、国家园林城市行列，全国爱国主义教育示范基地等，青城山景区已通过ISO14000环境管理体系认证，国际性、现代化的生态文化旅游名城已具雏形。都江堰市是国家经济实力十强县（市）文化名城、国家级风景名胜区、全国文化先进县（市）、四川省综合经济实力十强县（市），全国最早的优秀旅游城市之一②。该市旅游资源丰富，都江堰、青城山、龙池三大景区，被评为全省旅游服务综合目标管理第一名。都江堰正在按照《四川省世界遗产保护条例》第14条③的要求，大力发展以旅游为龙头的第三产业，每年接待游客400万人次以上，实现旅游综合收入达10亿元。近年来都江堰市与国际组织合作成功地举办了3次世界遗产保护和生物资源多样性保护知识培训班，邀请国内外世界遗产专家和生态环境保护专家对有关部门的基层干部及遗产地村民进行培训，极大地增强了广大干部和市民的遗产保护意识，提高了保护世界遗产和生物多样性的自觉性。

摘自宋才发著：《中华民族文化遗产及鉴赏研究》（上卷），民族出版社2011年版，第397-410页

①②《中国世界遗产年鉴》编纂委员会编：《中国世界遗产年鉴2004》，中华书局2004年版，第340页。

刘刚：《都江堰市概述》，《世界文化遗产—青城山、都江堰》，中国三峡出版社2001年版，第2页。③《四川省世界遗产保护条例》第14条规定：“按照世界遗产总体规划确定的旅游环境容量，世界遗产管理机构可以对世界遗产核心区、保护区采取分区封闭轮休制度，限制游人数量，保护生态环境。其具体方案由世界遗产管理机构制定，并经世界遗产地县（市）人民政府审核，报上一级人民政府批准，并予以公告。”

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