温家宝总理在政府工作报告中分析当前经济形势时指出

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第一篇:温家宝总理在政府工作报告中分析当前经济形势时指出

温家宝总理在政府工作报告中分析当前经济形势时指出,我们正面临前所未有的困难和挑战,国际金融危机还在蔓延、仍未见底。回答24—26题。

24.受国际金融危机影响,我国经济增速持续下滑,已成为影响全局的主要矛盾。为尽快扭转经济增速下滑趋势,实施了积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。下面属于积极的财政政策的是 ①保持全年国民生产总值增长8%左右的目标 ②全年新增贷款5万亿元以上,创历年新增贷款新高 ③安排财政赤字9500亿元,创出60年来的最高纪录 ④减税退税或低免税,减轻企业、居民税负约5000亿元 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

25.如何战胜国际金融危机,温家宝引述《淮南子》的鼓励国民;取火莫若取燧,汲水莫若凿井。意思是说,求取火种不如自己去使用上古取火的器具,想得到水不如自己去凿井。这里蕴涵的哲学道理是

A.抓住主要矛盾,次要矛盾就迎刃而解 B.事物的内部矛盾是事物发展的源泉 C.矛盾是事物发展的根本原因 D.矛盾双方在一定条件下相互转化 26.温总理在记者招待会上的开场白中说,“ 莫道今年春将尽,明年春色倍还人。”总理对我国经济发展充满信心的哲学依据是

A.事物的变化都是根本性质的变化 B.一切事物都处在运动变化的过程中

C.任何事物的发展都是经历艰难曲折 D.事物的发展是前进性与曲折性的统一 金融危机袭来,就在普通百姓为自己饭碗发愁的时候,金融业高管们天价薪酬问题成了大家争议的话题。回答27、28题。

27.人们之所以对金融业高管们的高薪反应激烈,原因在于收入差距过大。财政部出台了金融企业负责人薪酬管理办法,明确规定了最高年薪,被称为中国版的“限薪令”。对企业高管设定年薪上限说明 ①公平的收入分配离不开政府的宏观调控②社会存在收入差距不利于社会经济的发展③“限薪”符合社会主义市场经济的根本目标 ④“限薪”是解决社会收入差距过大的根本办法 A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②③

28.从分配角度分析,下列措施中具有缩小收入差距作用的是 ①提高企业最低工资标准②个人工薪所得实行超额累进税率③努力提高企业经济效益④完善最低生活保障制度 A.①②③④ B.①②④ C.①②③ D.②④

人民币汇率形成机制改革受到国内外媒体和有关方面的广泛关注和充分理解。2009年我国将保持人民币汇率“在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定”。回答29、30题。

29.温家宝总理在讲到有关人民币汇率问题时指出,我们的目标是在合理、均衡的水平上保持人民币币值的基本稳定,这是由市场和我们自己决定的,任何国家不能对人民币升值或贬值施加压力。这说明①经济主权是国家主权的重要内容②对外经济交往要坚持独立自主原则③人民币汇率不受国际社会的影响④人民币汇率稳定有利于世界经济发展 A.①② B.③④ C.②③ D.①④ 30.某企业在2008年4月10日以10美元/件的价格出售100万件某商品,该商品的成本为人民币14元/件(当日汇率是1美元兑换人民币6.99元)。半年后的10月份又以同样价格和成本出售了100万件商品(当时的汇率是1美元兑换人民币6.88元)。半年后该企业所获得的利润(以人民币计算)是

A.6990万元 增加120万元 B.6880万元 减少120万元

C.5480万元 减少110万元 D.5590万元 增加110万元 31.观察漫画(图2-6),聪明的乌鸦给我们的启示是①思想与实际结合,活学活用 ②发挥主观能动性,就能事半功倍 ③解决问题需要探索创新实践 ④知识、能力、实践不可或缺 A.①③④ B.①②③

C.②③ D.①④

中国网民有2.53亿。一方面,网民积极在网上 发言;另一方面,越来越多的领导干部上网来交 流,这是中国政坛一种新气象。回答32、33题。32.今年“两会”召开期间,人民网开展了“您最关 注的两会热点问题”的网上调查,得到了广大网友的 热烈响应,网友留言达3万余条。这一做法

A.有利于人民群众直接参与国家事务的管理

B.有利于发挥媒体在社会舆论中的导向作用

C.说明网络成为公民参与政治生活的新通道

D.说明言论自由是我国公民的基本政治权利

33.越来越多的领导干部上网与百姓交流,网络日益得到党和政府的高度重视,这是因为①网络成为倾听民意的重要平台 ②网民正在成为重要的监督力量

③网络扩大了公民的民主政治权利 ④网络成为政府公开信息的主要方式

A.①②③ B.①②④ C.③④ D.①②

“多植荷 花塘自清,勤反腐败政自明”。本届中央政府高度重视反腐败工作。回答34、35题。34.“政者,正也。其身正,不令而行;其身不正,虽令而不从。”孔子的这一观点对我们今天治国的启示是

A.要坚持依法治国的基本方略 B.要加强执政者自身的道德建设

C.要坚持对人民负责的活动原则 D.要将政者置于群众的监督之下

35.温家宝总理在政府工作报告中强调:反腐败工作,要针对腐败现象易发的领域从源头上防治腐败,防患于未然。这体现的哲学道理是

①看问题既要全面,又要分清主流和支流

②把握事物的因果联系,提高实践活动自觉性

③事物的性质是由矛盾的主要方面所规定

④重视量变,量变到一定程度会引起质变

A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③ D.②④

38.(32分)材料一:当前全球经济形势因金融危机蔓延而明显恶化,随之而来的是贸易保护主义日渐抬头。例如美国政府通过的新的经济刺激计划,其中有关“只买美国货”的条款引起了包括欧洲在内的其他国家的警惕。即便是在欧洲,贸易保护主义也在蔓延,一些国家在救助本国经济的过程中试图将利益圈在国内,甚至不惜以牺牲别国利益为代价。

材料二:当今世界经济已形成“你中有我,我中有你”的局面,在金融危机面前,封闭与保护没有出路,开放与合作才是正途。中国贸易和投资促进团于2008年2月24日至28日对德国,瑞士,西班牙,英国进行的访问,正是用实际行动为抵制贸易保护主义做出表率。在帮助欧洲提振经济信心的同时,中国企业也没有花“冤枉钱”。欧洲企业在诸多领域拥有先进的技术和产品,对中国产业升级和经济转型相当有帮助,这也是此次采购的重点。

材料三:为应对国际金融危机对我国的影响,保持经济稳定增长,2009年初我国出台了汽车、钢铁、有色金属等十大产业调整振兴规划。十大产业振兴规划,在应对国际金融危机冲击、解决当前存在的突出矛盾的同时,以结构调整、增强发展后劲、实现产业升级为核心内容,其关键词,就是“调整”。通过调整,提升和优化产业布局,为三年后我国产业结构升级打下坚实基础,从而使中国经济真正既大又强。

(1)结合材料一,材料二,运用经济常识的有关知识,分析我国反对贸易保护主义的原因。(13分)

(2)运用政治常识的知识,说明在经济全球化背景下应怎样维护我国的国家利益?(9分)(3)结合材料三,运用所学辩证法的知识,说明产业振兴规划为什么强调“结构调整”?(10分)

39.材料四 对于中欧关系,温家宝总理有一段“船桥论”的精辟论述。他说,中欧没有根本的利害冲突,我们共同利益广泛,又有合作需要,在这一点上,“我们是同在一条船上”。同时,中欧又“和而不同”。中欧历史、社会、文化传统、社会制度不同,存在分歧是正常的,并不可怕,也不会妨碍我们的关系,从这个意义上说,“我们又同在一座桥上——一座沟通友谊、加强磋商、解决分歧的桥上”。

(4)运用矛盾分析法,说明中欧既是同在一条船上也是同在一座桥上的正确性?(10分)40.(28分)随着电视剧《走西口》的热播,历史上的晋商和晋商文化再次成为人们谈论的焦点。阅读材料,回答问题。

(1)平遥古城作为旅游景观,其体现旅游资源价值的是什么?(8分)

旧时曾有人说:“凡是有麻雀的地方,就有山西商人。”他们的经营范围十分广泛,上至绸缎,下至葱蒜。……晋商受儒家文化影响很深,讲求“诚召天下客,义纳八方财”;“宁叫赔折腰,不叫客吃亏”。在经营活动中他们用宗法社会的乡里之谊彼此团结在一起,形成大大小小的商帮群体。……清人纪晓岚说:“山西人多商于外,十余岁辄从人学贸易,俟蓄积有资,始归纳妇。”清人纳兰常安说:“塞上商贾,多宣化、大同、朔平三府人,甘劳瘁,耐风寒。”

——摘自张正明著《晋商史话》

(2)依据材料归纳晋商商业活动的特点。(10分)

“利以义制,名以清修”是晋商所信奉的做人和行商的准则。意思是说:用道义来制衡利益,用清廉来培育名声。即便以现代的观点来看,这句话也不失为今人为人处世的原则。

(3)请结合经济常识的知识,简要说明“利以义制,名以清修”对企业成功的重要意义。(10分)

24.B 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.D 38.(32分)(1)①贸易保护主义违背了经济全球化的必然趋势,阻碍世界经济的发展,反对贸易保护主义是生产社会化特别是经济全球化的客观要求。在生产社会化、经济全球化条件下,各国之间的经济联系日益广泛,客观上要求国与国之间贸易自由、相互开放。(3分)②贸易保护主义不符合经济发展规律,违背了市场经济的开放性,平等性和竞争性,反对贸易保护主义是市场经济的内在要求。各国只有在平等、竞争、开放的基础上,参与国际分工与全作,互通有无、调剂余缺,才能实现资源的优化配置(3分)

③贸易保护主义违背了非歧视性原则,阻碍了国际贸易的发展。(2分)

反对贸易保护主义是当前应对国际金融危机的要求。危机当头,各国以邻为壑,无益解决任何问题,应增强合作,保持贸易和投资开放,抵制保护主义。(2分)

④我国在对外贸易中坚持平等互利、合作共赢的原则。贸易保护主义违背了这一基本原则,增加了我国经济运行的外部风险,不利于我国对外贸易和国民经济的发展。(3(2)①当代国际竞争的是实质是以经济和科技为基础的综合国力的较量,提高综合国力是维护国家利益的根本。(3分)②坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,积极参与国际竞争与合作,趋利避害,充分利用经济全球化带来的有利条件和机遇来发展自己(3分)③坚持独立自主的基本立场,在和平共处五项原则的基础上建立国际经济新秩序,加强国际合作,维护国家利益(3分)

(3)(1)强调结构调整,符合整体部分相互关系原理。(1分)通过结构调整,各部分优化组合,整体会产生新的巨大效益,发挥出比部分工能总和更大的功能。(2分)因此,既要搞好局部,又要有全局思想。(1分)各个产业要努力调整结构,把各自做大做强,真正使我国的十大产业为解决当前存在的突出矛盾发挥巨大作用。(1分)②强调结构调整,符合量变质变的关系原理。(1分)通过调整结构,使构成事物的成分在结构和排列次序上发生变化,引起质变。(2分)因此要重视量变。(1分)通过各个产业淘汰落后生产、兼并重组等自身的调整,实现我国产业结构升级和优化产业布局,为使国民经济真正既大又强发挥作用。(1分)

(若从联系的观点等其它角度分析,言之有理,可酌情给分)

39、(4)答案:中欧之间既有广泛的利益,又存在某些分歧,这是坚持用全面的观点看待中欧关系(3分)

中欧之间的历史社会文化传统存在差异,因而中欧之间在某些问题上有分歧,这是在中欧关系上坚持具体问题具体分析的表现(3分)

中欧没有根本的利害冲突,共同利益与合作是主流,分歧是支流,这是用两点论和重点论相统一的观点看待中欧关系。(4分)

40、(3)①良好的信誉和企业形象,对企业的生存竞争,有着至关重要的作用。(2分)“名以清修”可以使企业树立良好的形象,使其在竞争中取得有利的地位。(1分)

②诚实信用是现代市场交易活动的基本精神。(2分)“利以义制”可以帮助企业获得市场,实现商品的价值。(1分)③诚实信用是社会主义精神文明建设的题中之义。(2分)企业都坚持“利以义制,名以清修”,可以共同营造良好的经济环境,有利于市场经济的正常运行。(1分)④商家在经济效益和社会效益上求双赢,有利于树立良好的信誉和形象才能取得真正的成功。(1分)

第二篇:温家宝总理5日在向全国人大作政府工作报告时提出

温家宝总理5日在向全国人大作政府工作报告时提出,2012年国内生产总值增长目标为7.5%。有心人应该会发现,这是我国近八年来经济增速目标首次低于8%。中国经济正在放弃“保8”的崇拜,但并不意味着放松经济发展的要求。调低经济增速大有含义。

首先,GDP目标下调,实现经济软着陆。在我国政府稳中求进的总体策略下,我国经济仍将继续软着陆的进程,这就需要一个稳定的发展速度作为缓冲。我国政府拥有足够的资源保证经济增长减速的过程平稳有序,而通货膨胀率在2012年基本上都会在政府设定的4%目标以下。同时,政府有足够的空间来调整货币和财政政策以维持经济的稳定增长,进而实现经济软着陆的目标。

其次,GDP目标下调,实现经济发展方式转变。经济增速目标下调,为我国经济“调结构”留下了空间。如果通过投资加大刺激经济增长的力度,我国经济仍然能够高速发展。但是,与之相伴的将是重复投资、牺牲坏境、地区经济发展不平衡等恶果。GDP增长目标调低一点,经济增速慢一点,环境保护好一点,地区经济发展平衡一点,人民生活反而会更加幸福。

第三,GDP目标下调,表现出我国经济平稳发展的信心。从国内外情况看,我国经济面临较多不确定性,存在着下行压力。尤其是欧元区主权债务危机引发的金融动荡,严重影响了我国的对外出口,对我国实体经济存在着一定损害。国内房地产市场调控有紧无松,多数城市出现房价下跌的现象,基本遏制了投机性和投资性购房需求。这些最终都会影响我国的经济增长。面临这些不利因素,我国政府确定7.5%的经济增速,既务实又表现出了对经济发展的强大信心,同时和“十二”五规划中经济增速7%的远期目标相贴近。

最后,GDP目标下调,人民幸福指数上调。我国经历30多年的经济持续高速增长,取得的成就世所公认,但是人民幸福感却没有按同样的速度上升。这归咎于我国在以往的经济发展中高消耗、高污染、低劳动力成本的不可持续的发展方式。我国政府此次主动调低GDP增速目标,为经济“减负”,是为促进经济发展方式转变,使经济发展模式从重视GDP转向重视民生,实现更高水平、更高质量的经济增长,使人民生活更加幸福。

理性、务实、自信、负责,7.5%透视了中国今年的发展脉络

第三篇:温家宝总理在今年的政府工作报告中

邯郸市一中校刊

温家宝总理在今年的政府工作报告中,提出“在全国城乡普遍实行免费义务教育”、“在试点基础上,从今年秋季起将全面免除城市义务教育学杂费”。

这一重大举措对整个教育的发展具有奠基性意义和深远的历史作用,是我国教育发展史上的一个重要里程碑。将这一政策落到实处,需要切实破解财政资金对义务教育投入不足的“软肋”。

但对一些地方官员来说,多年来宁可将资金用在各类项目上,用在政绩工程上,用在请客送礼上,也不愿意向教育多投入。财政资金优先保障教育投入,说起来简单,实际做起来,面临着各种主客观的制约因素。

1993年发布的《中国教育改革和发展纲要》,当时就提出国家财政性教育经费的支出在上世纪末占GDP的比例应该达到4%,但这个目标没有达到。

正因为如此,在国家教育事业发展“十一五”规划纲要的研究和制定阶段,“逐步使财政教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比例达到4%”是否明确写入国家的规划中,曾经引起过专家的争论。

中央领导在讨论这一比例时,认为勒紧腰带也要确保4%这一比例,从而一锤定音。4%的比例最终明确写入了国家教育事业发展“十一五”规划纲要。

这个纲要将在“十一五”期间实现政府对义务教育负全责,逐步将义务教育全面纳入公共财政保障范围。明确各级政府

提供教育公共服务的职责,并按照建立公共财政体制的要求,将教育列入公共财政支出的重点领域。

温家宝总理在政府工作报告中,再次对此进行了明确。

健全公共财政制度、加大政府教育投入力度是保障教育公益性、办好让人民群众满意的教育的基础。近年来,随着经济的快速发展,各级政府逐步加大对教育的投入,教育在国家财政的“大盘子”里,分量是实实在在地越来越重了。

确保财政资金对教育的投入,需要将教育投入的政府责任进行量化和明确,列出政府对教育投入的“清单”,有刚性的硬约束,以有利于执行和落实。各级政府教育经费支出按照事权和财权相平等的原则,在财权中单独列项,并报同级人民代表大会批准,并向社会公布。

对一些贫困地区来说,还面临着一个现实的问题,就是农村义务教育的历史债务问题。在一些地方,乡镇的负债很大程度上是教育负债带来的。农村义务教育债务问题时间长、范围广、数额大,严重制约了义务教育进一步健康发展。

政府工作报告提出“用三年左右时间基本化解农村义务教育历史债务”,国家在安排财政超收收入时,其中一项支出就是解决农村义务教育债务这个历史遗留问题。能否将这一要求落到实处,考验着地方政府的执政能力和责任意识。

考验地方政府执政能力的,还有外来人口的子女教育问题。

◆政治教师朱苒

摘自《瞭望》

教育投入

的硬约束



近几年,这一问题引起了各地的重视,建设起了一些农民工子弟学校,同时将外来人口子女纳入公办学校的招生范围,将他们纳入到城市义务教育体系中来,这些措施,使得外来人口子女就学问题得到越来越有效的解决。

但如果将外来人口子女义务教育经费全部纳入财政支出,还有不少的问题需要解决,政府应将农民工子女接受义务教育工作纳入当地教育发展规划,列入教育经费预算。与此同时,可考虑建立市、区、镇三级政府分担的财政机制,使各级政府共同分担流动儿童的教育责任,为农民工子女接受平等的教育提供充足的资源。

第四篇:温家宝总理在2010的政府工作报告

温家宝总理在2010《政府工作报告》介绍主要工作报告时指出,在连续六年增收增产之后,更要毫不松懈的抓好三农工作。按照统筹发展的要求,坚持把解决三农问题作为全部工作的重中之重,进一步强化惠农政策,协调推进工业化、城镇化和农业农村现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。

三农问题”是指农业、农村、农民这三个问题。实际上,这是一个从事行业、居住地域和主体身份三位一体的问题,但三者侧重点不一,必须一体化地考虑以上三个问题。“三农问题”是农业文明向工业文明过渡的必然产物。虽然各个工业化国家历史发展阶段中都曾有过,但是基于中国人口基数大,农村人口多,导致的人均资源占有量少,人地矛盾等问题,在解决三农问题上,较之发达国家尤为棘手。

中国自古以来就是过农业大国。三农问题是一个关系到国民素质、经济发展、社会稳定、国富民强的大问题,因此是全部工作的重中之重。“三农问题”独立地描述是指广大乡村区域,只能以种植、养殖生产业为主,身份为农民的大部分国民的生存状态的改善与产业发展以及社会进步问题。系统的描述是指21世纪的中国,历史形成二元社会中,城市现代化,二、三产业发展,城市居民的殷实,受制于农村的进步、农业的发展、农民的小康相对滞后的问题。中国的国民经济发展潜力巨大,且不论质的提升,仅从量上考察,中国的重大经济问题都依赖于农村、农业,农民问题的突破。“三农问题”实质是城市与农村发展不同步问题,结构不协调问题。

我认为,在三农问题中最重要的是人的因素,也就是农民。

首先,政府应该为占我国人口大多数——9亿的农民建立健全农村社会保障体系。我国农村社会保障体系包括农村社会救助、社会保险、社会福利、社会优抚四个方面。而社会保险是农村社会保障的核心。应当包括养老、医疗、工伤、失业和生育四个方面。由于我国农村主要实行的是家庭联产承包责任制的形式进行生产经营的,所以对工伤和失业保险的要求并不迫切。而随着平均寿命的提高和老龄化,他们对养老和医疗保险的要求进一步提高。而我国农村社会保险情况却不令人满意。我国农村经济和社会变革程度加快,尤其是工业化、城市化速度得以提升,而农村社会保障模式仍然根植于传统的自然经济基础,社会养老保险和最低生活保障体系还有待建立和推广,合作医疗仅在小范围进行试点,社会救济面狭窄,救济水平偏低。可以说,我国目前农村地区只有零碎的社会保障,有些地方甚至处于无保障状态。数据显示,1991到2001年,城市人均社会保障支出占人均GDP的比重平均为15%,而农村只有0.18%,城市人均享受的社会保障费用支出是农村的90倍之多。我想这个数字可以一定程度上说明为何我国的生育政策在农村推行的总是不尽人意,为何我国新出生人口男女比例进一步不协调。数千年的农业发展,让农民养成在自然经济基础上的小农思想,尤其在生育思想上为养儿防老。把年老之后失去劳动能力之后的生活寄托在儿子身上。嫁出去的女儿是泼出去的水,唯有儿子才是自己在年老之后的依靠,导致“越生越穷,越穷越生”的局面。我认为,在现代社会这一思想仍然大行其道的原因就是农村社会保障体系的薄弱和不健全,让广大农民仍然有后顾之忧。所以,有效改善这一现状的方式就是进一步加大对农村社保的投入和关注力度。解决了农民这一后顾之忧,计划生育政策在农村受到的阻挠会大大减少。农村人口出生率会减少。会使父母有更多的时间和金钱投入在为数不多的孩子身上,利于他们得到更多的关爱和教育以及生活质量的提高。这就有利于第二个问题的推进,即提高农村人口素质。

其次,提高农村人口素质,发展家乡建设,增强农民工竞争力。农村幼儿教育发展程度低,与农村初等教育发展不适应。而这个阶段正是人类大脑成长发育的关键阶段。且义务教育受重视程度较低,有些家长不愿意适龄儿童入学或者是未在接受完义务教育过程中辍学,以便照顾更加年幼的弟弟妹妹,为家里做一份贡献,尤其是女孩子,在教育上受到了性别歧视。但在国家强制要求下,这一情况在今年来有所改善,但是强制推行与自觉自愿,很显然,效

果是不一样的。此外,教学设施、教育资源与城镇有很大差距,教育发展城乡失衡。中等教育更是如此。学校少、规模小,在人口众多的省份竞争力尤为大。培养高等学生成本太高,在经济上,仍有一部分家庭负担不起。结合现状,发展农村职业教育在现阶段来说是较为可行的方案。尤其在今年来大学生找不到工作的情况下,“读书无用论”大肆其道。因此结合农村现实与农村经济需要,教会农民一些较为实用的职业技能,在一定程度上可以帮助农民走上致富的道路。培养成本也较低,周期短,转化为生产力的周期较短,较高等教育农民的可接受程度高。培养农村剩余劳动力,使他们学会一技之长,在进城务工时增强竞争力。同时提高素质,减少了因为人口流动导致的社会不安定因素。也可以使他们更好的融入城市。有调查显示,一个国家或地区母亲的受教育程度决定了孩子的受教育素质,也就是说如果母亲受到了良好的教育,对孩子会起到一种潜移默化的作用,会使孩子的素质得以提高。虽然此项政策在短时间内效果不是很明显,但我相信,这有利于我国人口素质的整体提高和缩小城乡差距。同时,可以让更多的让有能力和水平为家乡建设尽一份力,如加快农村基础设施建设,这可以就地解决一部分劳动人口的就业问题,也可以使农村农业得到更好的发展,加快城镇化进程。

因此,综上,我们可以发现,关于三农的每一个问题都不是独立存在的,都是相互关联相互制约的。社会保障制度的健全可以使人们没有后顾之忧,使生育政策得到很好的贯彻实施,降低了生育率,有更多的资源在每一个孩子身上,为他们提供了更好的受教育机会和不那么拥挤的就业机会,提高了人口素质,缓解了人地矛盾,他们用运用自己的聪明才智为家乡、为城市作出贡献,减少了社会不稳定因素,阻止了社会矛盾、资源矛盾的进一步加剧,新增人口的减少,也使国家有物力财力为农民提供更好的社会保障和福利。在此过程中,也会有一部分农民转化为城镇居民,加快我国的城镇化步伐,利于我们更好的建设小康社会,步入发达国家行列。可见是环环相扣,牵一发而动全身。

我觉得你在论述“三农问题中最重要的是人的因素”应该加入一些哲学观点,拖出人即农民本身的作用和地位,上升到理论高度。你对改变农民素质和建立保障的目的意义的论述的比较充实了,也构想了由此带来的可预见性美好转变,但我觉得对于由这一点的改变对农业,农村这两个问题的关联带动作用论述的不强,三农问题是一个整体性问题,农民可以是一个突破口,你要把三农整体的发展论述总结一下。还有,对你提出的解决方案所遇到的阻力和现实限制因素也应该阐述全面。

第五篇:2010和2011温家宝总理政府工作报告中英文版

在第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上的政府工作报告 国务院总理 温家宝 2010年3月5日

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council 各位代表,Fellow Deputies, 现在,我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告,请予审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顾

I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年。去年这个时候,国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延,世界经济深度衰退,我国经济受到严重冲击,出口大幅下降,不少企业经营困难,有的甚至停产倒闭,失业人员大量增加,农民工大批返乡,经济增速陡然下滑。在异常困难的情况下,全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下,坚定信心,迎难而上,顽强拼搏,从容 应对国际金融危机冲击,在世界率先实现经济回升向好,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值达到33.5万亿元,比上年增长 8.7%;财政收入6.85万亿元,增长11.7%;粮食产量5.31亿吨,再创历史新高,实现连续6年增产;城镇新增就业1102万人;城镇居民人均可 支配收入17175元,农村居民人均纯收入5153元,实际增长9.8%和8.5%。我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明,任何艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年,极不平凡,令人振奋。我们隆重 庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔,伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感,极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力,极大地提升了我国 的国际地位和影响力,必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。

The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年来,我们主要做了以下工作:

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行 积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税,保持货币信贷快速增长,提 高货币政策的可持续性,扩大直接融资规模,满足经济社会发展的资金需求,有效扩大了内需,很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力 度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金 450亿元,补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税,减免住房交易相关税收,支持自住性住房消费。全年汽车销 售1364万辆,增长46.2%;商品房销售9.37亿平方米,增长42.1%;社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9%,消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增 强。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨 千斤”的作用,引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划。2009年中央政府公共投资 9243亿元,比上年预算增加5038亿元,其中,保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16%,重大基础设施建设占23%,灾后恢复重建占14%。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1%,投资结构进一步优化。投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口,加强 了薄弱环节,为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。

We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建,重灾区已完成投资6545亿元,占规划总投资的65.5%。国家 的大力支持,全国人民的无私援助,灾区群众的艰苦奋斗,使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起,一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现 了中华民族的无疆大爱,有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.(二)大力调整经济结构,夯实长远 发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来,加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。

2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出 7253亿元,增长21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。继续改善农村生产生活条件,农村饮水安全工程使 6069万农民受益,新增510万沼气用户,新建和改造农村公路38万公里、农村电网线路 26.6万公里,又有80万户农村危房得到改造,9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度,贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业 调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造,安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和 重复建设,关停小火电机组2617万千瓦,淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。加快实 施国家科技重大专项,中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元,增长30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用,清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发 展。大力加强基础设施建设,新建铁路投入运营5557公里,高速公路新建通车4719公里,城市轨道交通建设加快,新建、改扩建民用机场35个;新增发电 装机8970万千瓦,西气东输二线西段工程实现供气,南水北调工程建设加快推进,6183座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。

We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排 预算内资金,支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目2983个;实施节能产品惠民工程,推广节能空调500多万台、高效照明灯具1.5亿只。继续推进林业重点 生态工程建设,完成造林8827万亩,森林覆盖率达到20.36%。综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业 废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降 14.38%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和13.14%。积极开展应对气候变化工作,明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目 标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强,灾害防御能力不断提升。

We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区 域发展总体战略,制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发,积极承接产业转移,发展基础不断夯实;东部地区加快结构和自主创新,经 济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.(三)坚持深化改革开放,不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作 为应对国际金融危机的强大动力,努力消除体制障碍,不断提高对外开放水平。3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,新的成品油价 格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。创业板正式推出,为自主创新及其他成长型创 业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展,事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开,15亿亩林地确权到户,占全国集体林地 面积的60%,这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new [w]mechanism[/w] for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定 外需的政策措施,采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业,完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元,安排421 亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄,国际市场份额得到巩固,全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资 下降局面,全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬,非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美 元。积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作,在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large [w]equipment[/w].We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.(四)着力改善民生,加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下,我们更加注重保障和改善民生,切实解决人民群众 最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金 426亿元,比上年增长 59%。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策,鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。开展系列就业服务活动,多渠道开辟公 益性就业岗位,促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。

We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度,出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。中央 财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元,比上年增长16.6%。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚 恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551 亿元,比上年增长2倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套,棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元,比上年增长 44.2%。社会保障体系得到加强。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 countiesMajor progress was made in reform and opening up.New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved.Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness ofthe economy increased rapidly.——这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。

-China's international prestige and influence grew significantly.We played an important and constructive role in international affairs;effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests;and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy.We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。

These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up.They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:

The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对、科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work.In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation;effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends;and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems.In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits.We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand;adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending;and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people.As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved.We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement;23.6% in major infrastructure projects;and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand.This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again.In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.(二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到1.09万亿斤,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。

2.Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%.Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan.We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year.Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.We rigorously safeguarded arable land.We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology.New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase.The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan.We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms.We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development.We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents.Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.(三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。

3.Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing.Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.We accelerated the development of the national innovation system;carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects;and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies.A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production.The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points.We greatly accelerated infrastructure development.We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways.We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We vigorously developed clean energy.New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity.We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities.We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares.We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues.We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones;fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans;and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas.Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average.The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased.Discrepancies in levels of basic public

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