第一篇：2010年考研英语作文议论文写作
2010年考研英语作文议论文写作范文
UNIT Ⅰ九大主题词汇
一 计算机、通讯类
计算机
commit computer crimes 进行电脑犯罪活动
Most computer crimes can be traced back to hackers.大多数计算机犯罪都是电脑黑客干的。
access the Internet 进入互联网
accomplish the operation simply with a click of the keys 敲击键盘即可完成操作
administrator 管理员
auto search 自动搜索
bandwidth 宽带
be multilingual 可以使用多种语言
be networked with „ 与„联网
be no longer imaginary 不再是幻想
blogger 写博客的人
chat on-line in Internet 网上聊天
distance learning 远程教育
on shopping on-line 进行网上购物
facilitate the growth of the cyber-economy 推动网络经济的发展
Internet café 网吧
Internet fans 网迷
Internet geek/netter 网虫
Internet video chat 网上视频聊天
It is difficult to know whether the information on the Internet is reliable or not.很难确定互联网上的信息是否可靠。
Millions of computers are connected to one another in a worldwide network called Internet.不计其数台电脑在世界范围内互相联系在一起称作互联网
Printed sources continue to remain an important method for researching materials.使用印制资料仍然是获得研究资源的重要方法。
provide on-line employment services to job seekers 为求职者提供网上择业服务
There is an advantage to being multilingual.懂得多种语言很有益处。
with the gradual popularization of the Internet 随着互联网的不断普及
put out your message through E-mail 使用电子邮件发出讯息
net-addiction 网瘾
provide entertainment in the form of computerized games 提供电子游戏形式的娱乐
其他通讯手段
allow people to carry telephone with them all the time 使人们能够随时随身携带电话
Calls were connected manually by switchboard operators.过去电话由接员人工接通。
Cellular telephones are portable units that can be used away from home.手机是出门在外也可以使用的便携装置。
Cellular telephones can be used to access information virtually anywhere and anytime.手机实际上可以用于随时随地接收信息。
make wireless communication possible 使无线通讯成为可能
phone can connect to the Internet 手机可以连接到互联网
send a short text message to sb.’s cell phone 给某人的手机发短信
cable television systems 有线电视系统
digital television 数字电视
pick up the signals from satellites 通过卫星接收信号
provide a large number of(many more)channels 提供很多(更多)频道
satellite television service 卫星电视业务
advances in digital communications 数字通讯的发展
improve the quality and efficiency of telecommunication 提高远程通讯的质量和效率
modern digital telecommunication 现代数字远程通讯
send messages faster and more accurately 更快、更准确地传送信息 二经济、改革类
旅游业
About six or seven percent of the Gross National Product comes from tourism.国民生产总值的6%-7%来自旅游业。
be one of the major industries of this country 是该国主要产业之一
belong to the service industry 属于服务性行业
benefit through peaceful development and cultural understanding 从和平发展和文化认同中获益
carry exchange and investment to „ 吸引交流和投资到„
focus attention on the role tourism can play in elimination of poverty 重视旅游业对消除贫困的作用
serve as a dynamic catalyst of emploment, wealth, investment and poverty elimination 对就业、财富、投资和摆脱贫困起到有力的催化作用
Tourism business preserves cultural and heritage traditions.旅游业保护传统和文化遗产。
do-it-yourself/independent travel 自助游
during the height of travel 在旅游的高峰季节
golden week for tourism 旅游黄金周 visit historic sites/spots 参观历史名胜
农业
be not fertile enough to justify cropping 不够肥沃，所以不值得耕种
cultivate inferior 开垦贫瘠土地
The supply of good land is limited.良田资源是有限的。
to feed a large population 养活众多的人口
cause pollution and health problems 引起污染和健康问题
chemical fertilizer 化肥
destroy harmful insects 消灭害虫
Insecticides also kill helpful insects.杀虫剂也会杀死益虫。
save water during irrigation 节水灌溉
use up ground water 用尽地面水
increase food production to help feed the growing world population 提供粮食产量为不断增加的世界人口提供食物
keep soil from drying out and prevents the loss of soil 避免土壤干化和流失
One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks.土壤保持的一个重要方法是利用防风林。
be carried out in a way that does not damage the environment 以一种不破环环境的方式被执行
avoid a possible grain shortage 避免可能出现的粮食短缺
deserve to be called a broad-minded policy 应被视为有长远眼光的策略
invest more in agricultural technology 加大对于农业科技的投资
Sustainable development methodes are designed to save resources.开展可持续发展的目的在于节约资源。3 政治
Political systems have evolves over several centuries.政治制度是经历了好几个世纪的发展演变而来的。
undergo an economic and political transformation 经历经济和政治变革
well handle the relations among reform, development and stability 妥善处理改革、发展和稳定之间的关系
accoplish the great cause of national reunification 完成祖国统一大业
contribute to international peace and prosperity 为国际和平和繁荣作贡献
经济
attract more foreign investment 吸引更多外国投资
resources-efficient development mode 有效利用资源型发展模式
sharpen the international competitiveness 加强国际竞争力
secure the fair competition on the marker 保障市场上公平竞争
place emphasis on the future development 强调未来发展
try to gain a large market share 谋求更大的市场份额
maintain the competitiveness in market contests 保持在市场竞争中的竞争力
reserve and promote the sound and cooperative economic and trade tries between the two countries 保持和促进两国之间稳健合作的经济和贸易联系 三 教育、就业类
教育
achieve universal comsulsory education 普及全民义务教育
adult education 成人教育
conduct the education of the younger generation 对年轻一代进行教育
special education for the disabled children 为残疾儿童开设特殊教育
spread education 推广教育
take education seriously 重视教育
be firmly convinced that education pays 坚信受教育是有益的
borrow heavily from the western traditions in education 在教育上大量借鉴西方惯例
develop a well-informed, critically thinking, and civically engaged citizenry 培养知识丰富、善于独立思考、能很好履行义务的公民
Family education is as important as public education.家庭教育和学校教育一样重要。
Knowledge is priceless treasure.知识是无价之宝。
talent training and quality education 人才培养和素质教育
transmit to youth the best of our culture 将我们最优秀的文化传给青年一代
understand the necessity of education 懂得教育的必要性
alleviate/reduce/lighten burdens on the students of elementary and secondary schools 减轻中小学生负担
arouse attention from all sectors of society 引起全社会的注意
call for alleviating burdens on students 呼吁减轻学生负担
Children get a better education today than at any time in the past.今天的孩子受的教育比以往任何时候都要好。
Edution must be conbined with practice.教育必须与实践相结合。
A college education in the United States in expensive.美国大学教育的费用昂贵。
Increasing enrollment causes a sharp rise in educational costs.扩大招生导致教育费用急剧上升。
Students pay their tuition fees and living costs from income earned through the work-study program.学生用勤工俭学的收入缴纳学习费用和生活费用。
教学及教学方法
adopt a new approach in teaching 在教学中采用一套新做法
allow more time for individual instrucion and group discussion 给予更多时间做个人指导和小组讨论
impart knowledge to one’s students 把知识传授给学生
involve both bearning and teaching 涉及教与学两方面
make radical improvements in teaching 从根本上改进教学
stick to the traditional teaching methods 固守传统教学法
teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教
教学管理
(1)学校
abide by the school rules 遵守学校的规章
collect subscription for the putting up of a charity school 募捐筹建慈善学校
found an establishment of a private school 建立私利学校
make the most economical of school facilities 充分利用学校资源
part-work and part-study school 半工半读学校
(2)学生
be a good student in comparison with sb.与某人相比，算是好学生
be concerned about the students ideology 从思想上关心学生
be heavily burdened with schoolwork 学校功课负担太重
dropouts 辍学者
encourage the students to think their own thoughts 鼓励学生独立思考
errors common among students 学生常犯的错误
give heart to students 鼓励学生
give individual attention to each student 给每个学生以个别关注
Good teachers impart wisdom to his students.好老师赋予学生智慧。
It is the duty of a student to study hard.努力学习是学生的本分。
self-supporting graduate student 自费研究生
try one’s best to have the students take the initiative in learning 尽力调动学生的学习积极性
(3)学科
a developing borderline science 一门正在发展的边缘科学
an extensive subject 一门内容广博的学科
complete undergraduate study 完成本科学业
inspire self-conscious debates over the worth of a business degree 引发有关工商学位价值的讨论
Science and technology are productive forces.科学技术是生产力。
this subject and its numerous ramifications 这门学科以及它的许多分支
(4)课程
a great number of students are enrolled in „ 大量学生报名„
approaches to teaching science and math vary 科学课和数学课的教学方法有所不同
arrange the curriculum 安排课程
at the end of the course 结业时
Graduate study is more intensive and specialized.研究生学习更精深、更专业。
have less courses, but in greater depth 课程少一些，但更深入
non-required subjects 选修课
(5)招生
a form of application for enrollment 大学申请表
enroll in a college without being strongly motivated 不迫切希望报名就读某大学
enter for an examination 报名参加考试
Entrance requirements differ greatly.入学条件很不一样。
increase enrollment 扩招
(6)学历及文凭
acknowledge a diploma of graduation 公证一份学位证书
be granted an official certificate from „ 被授予由„颁发的正式证书
confer diplomas on members of the graduating class 向毕业生颁发学位证
education with record of formal schooling 学历教育
obtain a license or a certificate for one’s job or career 获得从事自己工作或职业的执照或证书
pursue graduate study 读研究生
try to obtain the undergraduate diploma through self-taught study 试图通过自学获得本科文凭
(7)体制和管理
adopt an academic credit system 采取学分制
be a student of fine qualities and fine scholar 品学兼优
broad mental development 全面的智能发展
develop an interest in learning 培养学习兴趣
drop out of school 退学
further education 深造
implementing the new standards 实施新的标准
investigate all sides of a question and all possible solutions to a problem 调查研究问题的各个方面及各种可能的解决方法
learn admission status 了解录取情况
letter of recommendation 推荐信
meet the standards 符合标准
possess both political integrity and professional ability 德才兼备
shake their confidence 动摇他们的信心
学习
(1)目标与动机
achieve the goal one has set for oneself 达到为自己确立的目标
be completely absorbed in study 把精力完全贯注在学习上
derive pleasure from one’s studies 从学习中获得乐趣
distract one’s mind from one’s study 分散某人学习的注意力
learn through one’s valuable experience 从自己宝贵的经验中学习
neglect one’s studies 忽视自己的学习
place the study ahead of anything else 把学习放在第一位
stimulate oneself to study 发奋学习
study harder under the stimulus of praise 在表扬的激励下更加努力学习
study assiduously and perseveringly 持之以恒地刻苦学习
(2)方法和习惯
gain new insights through restudying old material 温故而知新
lay the basis for further study 为进一步深造奠定基础
store/stock one’s mind with knowledge 用知识充实头脑
Unless you study hard you will not pass the exam.除非你用功，否则不会及格
(3)考试
a certificate examination 证书考试
be quite confident of passing the examination 坚信自己能通过考试
conduct an examination 举行考试
gain distinction in the examination 考试成绩优秀
take part in the entrance exams for graduate school 考研
We should study hard at ordinary times to avoid making a frantic last-minute effort.我们应该平时多烧香，免得考试时临时抱佛脚。
(4)考试，试卷
hand in an examination 交卷
machine scoring 机器阅卷
take a written examination 参加笔试
(5)成绩
become complacent over any success 一有成绩就自满起来
carry forward one’s achievements 发扬成绩
come off with honors 以优异成绩通过
measure sb.’s success 衡量某人的成绩(6)毕业
attent the graduation ceremony 参加毕业典礼
be assigned to work in the remote region after graduation 毕业后分配到边远地区
be recommended to the postgraduate school after completing one’s regular college course 本科毕业后直升研究生
begin to work soon after graduating 毕业后不久开始工作
Entrance into college means employment security.进入大学意味着工作有了保障。
fill all requirements for graduation 具备毕业的一切条件
gain graduate certificate/receive a diploma 获得学位证书
have independent mind 会独立思考
make full use of talents 使人尽其才
The job hunt faces this year’s graduates.本届毕业生面临就业问题。
university student’s innovative undertaking 大学生创业
young people on the threshold of life 刚刚进入社会的年轻人
就业
accept the editorship of a magazine 接受一家杂志的编辑工作
acquire a key position in an eminent company 在一著名公司身居要职
be assigned to the position of „ 被分配„的工作
be rapt in one’s new job 把精力贯注在新工作上
engage upon a new position 从事新职业
permanent occupation 固定职业
secure a more lucrative employment 获得一份赚钱更多的职业
seek a steady and well-paid job 找到既稳定有待遇优厚的工作
allow employees to contribute and to feel powerful and important 让员工尽责尽力并意识到自己的作用和重要性
workaholic 工作狂
be adequate for the job 能够胜任工作
be devoid of professional sense 缺乏职业观念
be very conscientious in one’s work 对工作负责
Hard and honest work is the surest way to establishment.努力而诚实的工作是最可靠的成功之道。
keep pounding away at one’s work 持续努力工作
measure up to one’s job in every way 各方面都能胜任工作
put one’s whole soul into one’s work 全神贯注工作
dedicate the great portion of one’s life to „ 把一生的大部分时间致力于„
take pay cuts 接受降薪
an army of the unemployed 失业大军
since depression began 自从经济萧条开始以来
unemployment insurance/payments 失业保险/救助金
be fired 被解雇
be the right person 是合适的人选
go for the job interview 参加求职面试
go job hunting in the web 上网求职
rely on one’s own skills and capabilities for one’s success 依赖自己的技能和能力获得成功
think sb.’s is qualified for the job 认为某人有资格胜任这份工作
be optimistic and cooperative 乐观向上，善于与人协作
get second starts in careers that have greater appeal to „ 重新开始一份对„有更大吸引力的工作
四 家庭类
老年人
guarantee for old age security 给老年人提供保障
live on pension 靠养老金生活
build up homes for the aged 建造老人院
As one gets older, he is more liable to have health problems.年纪大了容易添病。
Movement becomes difficult with age.随着年事的增高行动变得困难。
The vigor of a person’s body lessens as he grows old.人到老年体力就变弱了。
be calculated to prolong one’s life 延年益寿
think young and stay young 精神年轻就能保持年轻
three important things for a long old life: fresh air, fresh food, simple life 长寿的三要素：新鲜空气、新鲜食物、简单生活
Medical expenses remain a serious problem for the aged.医疗开支对于老年人是很大的困难。
be lonely and starving for companionship 因孤独而渴望有人作伴
keep active, alert and open-minded 保持积极向上、机敏和开朗
The worst problems of the old age are health, loneliness and personal sagety.老年人最可怕的问题是健康、孤独和个人安全。
have a close relationship with their children 与子女保持密切关系
The old and the young do not always understand each other.老年人与年轻人往往不能互相理解。
China is a nation that is proud of the virtue of filial piety.中国是一个以孝道为自豪的民族。
Filial piety is defined as “a son’s or daughter’s obedience to and respect for parents”.孝顺指的是儿女对父母的顺从和尊敬。
have the duty to support and assist one’s parents 有赡养扶助父母的义务
We should be considerate of the comfort of old people.我们应该为老年人的舒适着想。
(2)妇女
Changes have taken place in the roles of women in society.妇女在社会中的作用发生了变化。
abolish all inequalities 消除各个方面的不平等
adhere to the principle of equality 坚持平等的原则
compete with men in the professions on equal terms 在职业生涯上在同等条件下与男人竞争
eliminate sexual discrimination 消除性别歧视
enter the labor force 参加到劳动力大军中来
liberate women from the kitchen 把妇女从厨房中解放出来
(3)养育子女
arrange for one’s children’s education 安排子女的教育事宜
give their children a first-rate education 使得孩子受到第一流的教育
have no control over the children at all 一点也管不住自己的孩子
make children fit to live in a society 使孩子们适合在社会中生存
Parents should be responsible for their child’s behavior.父母应对子女的行为负责。
A judicious parent encourages his children to decide many things for themselves.明智的父母会让孩子在许多事情上自己做决定。
All their affection is centered on their children.他们的全部爱都集中在孩子身上。
be too permissive with their children 对孩子有求必应
be addicted to net games 迷恋网络游戏
be easily affected 易受影响
be self-centered 以自我为中心
develop strong dislike for studying 对读书产生强烈的反感情绪
have premature love affairs 早恋
never attain any independence and initiative 没有养成独立性和自觉性
play truant 逃学
suffer from nervousness, anxiety, depression and so on 感到紧张、不安、压抑等
have heart-to-heart chats with them 与他们倾心交谈
help sb.out of his honeliness 帮助某人摆脱孤独
open the hot line 开通热线
set a good example to his children 为孩子树立好榜样
五 文化类
bring culture to people 向人们传播文化
culture industry 产业文化
screen cultrue 影视文化
classical art 古典艺术
costume art 服装艺术
programs for prime time 黄金时段节目
chrity performance 义演
appear in public 出现在公众面前
be well received/receive a warm welcome/be most welcome 受欢迎
big shot/top notch 大腕
enjoy privileges 享受特权
invite movie stars, sports stars or celebrities in entertainment or literature circles to shoot TV advertisements 请电影明星、体育明星、文艺界名人拍电视广告
seek celebrity charm 追求明星效应
successfully play to the gallery 成功地迎合低级趣味，讨好观众
be careful about which program one wants to watch and which program one doesn’t 谨慎决定自己要看什么节目，不看什么节目
be both instructive and entertaining 既有教益又有娱乐性
play a posive/negative role in the life 在生活中起积极/消极作用
depend on what a person’s life-style is 取决于个人生活方式
occupy one’s spare time 占据业余时间
seldom think of the effect the program/show will have on sb.很少考虑节目对某人的影响
Television itself is neither good nor bad.电视本身无所谓好或坏。
watch rubbishy commercials 看低劣的电视广告
escape from the boredom of daily life 逃离乏味的日常生活
culture shock 文化冲击
experience a different culture 体验不同的文化
get into touch with other cultures 接触其他文化
immerse oneself in different cultures 深入了解不同的文化
know how people live in defferent parts of the world 了解世界其他地方人们如何生活
truly expand one’s mind 真正开阔眼界
widen/broaden/expand one’s mind 使心胸开阔
cultivate one’s tastes and relax 陶冶情操并休闲放松
far away from modern civilization 远离现代文明
It is not the fashion to do „ 现在不时兴„
be too busy to find time to pursue a hobby 忙得无暇从事业余爱好活动
take hobbies to develop new interests 从事业余爱好活动以发展新的兴趣
六 医药、健康类
cultivate/develop healthy habits in daily life 在日常生活中培养健康的习惯
form good living habits and reform the bad ones 养成良好的生活习惯并摒弃坏的习惯
live a healthy and productive life 生活健康向上
Ads are not a good source of health care advice.对广告做得保健宣传不能太相信。
have to adapt to environment declines 不得不适应恶化的环境
improve the health of the people 提高人民健康水平
七 自然与环境
accept the need for conservation of natural resources 认识到保护自然资源的必要
accept the need for conservation of wildlife resources 认识到保护野生动物的必要
be graceful for the benefits which nature has so 感谢大自然对我们的慷慨恩赐
follow the inexorable law of nature 遵循大自然的必然规律
the problems of the world water resources 世界水资源问题
limitable/limited resources 有限的资源
make full use of our nature conditions 最大限度地利用我们的自然条件
put particular emphasis on the preservation of natural resources 重视保护自然资源
the effect of physical environment upon man’s life 自然环境对人类生活的影响
utilize all available resources/put all available resources to use 利用一切可能的资源
bring unnecessary destruction to natural resources 对自然资源造成不必要的破坏
violate the rules of nature 违反自然规律
A great tidal wave swept the coast.强大的海啸席卷沿海地区。
be plagued with soil erosion 遭受水土流失的困扰
global warming 全球变暖
have a severe shock of earthquake 经受一次大地震
suffer a calamity 遭受灾害
make preparations against natural disaster 为预防自然灾害做准备
establish a stable balance of nature 建立自然的稳定平衡
recover from the effects of natural disasters 从自然灾害的影响中恢复过来
Any change will affect our life and our environment.任何变化都会影响我们的生活和环境。
Means of modern transportation consume too much energy.现代交通工具消耗过多能源。
An ecosystem must remain stable.生态系统必须保持稳定。
ecological construction 生态建设
environmental greening 环境绿化
八 社会问题类
A major purpose of advertising is to construct a positive image about a company’s name and products.广告宣传的一个主要目的之一是公司的声明和产品打造良好形象。
Advertising has become an indispensable means of selling goods.广告宣传已成为产品销售的一个不可或缺的手段。
cheeky television ads 厚颜无耻的电视广告
exaggerated ads 夸大其词的广告
False ads jeopardize consumer rights.虚假广告侵犯消费者的权利。
comply with the consumer protection law 遵守消费者保护法
violate the consumer rights 侵犯消费者的权利
avoid being a victim of fraud 避免成为欺诈受害者
be held accountable for the violation of law 被追究违法责任
piracy thriving in the virtual world 虚拟世界猖獗的盗版行为
take drastic actions against pirated goods 盗版商品的价值
九 体育类
Ball games are widespread.球类运动很流行。
be in top condition at all times 随时保持最佳竞技状态
be keen on surfing 喜欢冲浪运动
be vigorous rather than skilful 与其说是身手不凡不如说是强壮有力
an upsurge in sports activities 体育运动热潮
develop mass sports activities 开展群众性体育运动
encourage athletics 鼓励开展体育运动
Exercise is the necessary to strengthen the body.运动对于强身健体是必要的。
Exercise is the best preservative of health.运动是最好的保健品。
Exercise makes one strong.生命在于运动。
practice wholesome exercise 从事有益健康运动
Relaxation exercises can free your body of tension.放松运动可松缓身体的紧张。
Sports may be a safety valve for people’s violent feelings.运动是可以使人的强烈感情得以发泄的稳妥方式。
take regular exercise in the open 经常参加户外运动
an unique heritage 独特的遗产
carry forward the spirit of Olympics 发扬奥运精神
build up a good physique to defend the country 锻炼身体，保卫祖国
Do not become cocky/be dizzy with success, nor downcast over/discouraged by defeat.胜不骄，败不馁。
high-morale and strong will;high-spirited and firmly-determinded 昂扬的斗志和顽强的毅力
in the true spirit of the sportmanship 以真正的体育道德精神
spiritual pillar 精神支柱
UNIT Ⅱ 27个写作高频语汇
反面案例：good, I think 1 good的表达：
味觉 tasty, delicious, sweet 嗅觉 fragrant, delicious 视觉 beautiful, handsome, lovely, 触觉 smooth, soft, 通用词 satisfied, terrific, encouraged, positive，good man
good teacher good student
good book good advice
bad Top student, brilliant student, outstanding student Well-written, classic, thought-provoking, Helpful, useful, Negative, depressing, frightful 2 I think 表达的多样性 单词表达：
assume, argue, emphasize, insist, hold, consider, find, suggest, regard 短语表达： In my opinion, As far as I am concerned, For my part, As for me, When it comes to me, In my point of view, 危害 harm—damage, destroy, undermine do harm to/do good to do more harm than good do more good than harm 4 获得 get—obtain, acquire 语域 5 解决 solve—settle, tackle, overcome 6 问题/ problem—trouble, headache, crisis, disaster 7 著名的famous—Prestigious, enjoy a high reputation 严重的 serious—severe, grave 快乐的 happy— Happiness, happily, make sb.happy 10 很多 many—Numerous, countless, a great number of
各种各样的many kinds of — various kinds of/ all sorts of/ diverse kinds of 12 显然地obviously — evidently 13 我相信I believe— I insist/ I maintain/ I am convinced 14 光明的未来bright future—brilliant / splendid/ promising 15 “问题”短语总汇
着手解决问题 address the problem/issue 减缓问题的危害性 alleviate the problem 造句：有三种办法可以减缓问题的严重性。
使问题变得更加严重make the problem worse，complicate the problem 16 误导mislead、misdirect、misguide
造句：有些广告提供给消费者误导性信息。集中精力focus on、concentrate on 造句：大学生应该集中精力于学习自己的专业知识。19 随着
1)Along with the development of„
随着经济的发展 Along with the growth of „
随着人口的增长
Along with the wide use of „
随着互联网的广泛使用
2)There is a growing tendency for„to „
3)As the modern society has entered an information age /digital age /cyber age /Internet age, 时常more often than not /frequently
造句：第一印象经常会决定面试者的命运。
流行fashion / prevail / popularity / prevalence 准备做set out to do/ be ready to do 过多的excessive, immoderate, rampant 巨大的huge / tremendous / enormous / massive 毫无疑问 There is no denying that„
It goes without saying that„
Without a doubt, „
Undoubtedly, „
按照，根据
in light of this/ in terms of/ in view of/ according to 与„„有关
be connected with
be associated with
be linked with
be related to
concerning
Tips: 大学中的专业(理工科)
地理学：Geography
化学：Chemistry
数学：Mathematics
医学：Medicine
生物学：Biology
物理学：Physics
建筑学：Architecture
航空学：Aeronautics
Tips: 大学中的专业(文科、艺术类)
文学：Literature
教育：Education；Pedagogics
法学：Law
经济：Economics
政治：Politics
宗教：Religion
音乐：Music
传媒：Mass Media
旅游：Tourism
哲学：Philosophy UNIT Ⅲ 议论文十四大功能语汇 表示“观点”
造句：大部分成年人认为，健康对于幸福生活而言是必不可少的。面对这种问题，我认为，我们需要考虑亮点。我认为，在生活中，健康像空气和水一样重要。as短语总结： as busy as a bee as blue as sky as black as coffee as evil as a devil as pure as an angel as deep as ocean as strong as a horse 2 表示“重视”
give weight to/give stress to/attach importance to 造句：地方政府要重视特殊儿童教育的问题。3 表示“强调”
place weight on/ put emphasis on 造句：政府应该强调“希望工程”的重要性。表示“赞同”
approve of /vote for /stand by 造句：有些人认为真正的友谊基于相似的爱好。我支持这种观点。5 表示“反对”
disapprove of /object to /be opposed to 造句：有人认为，在当今社会，金钱就是一切。我强烈反对这种观点。6 表示“努力” make every effort to many efforts should be made to spare no effort to 造句：我们应该结束任何虚假承诺的行为。7 表示“建议”
suggest/ advance/ put forward/ 造句：我建议每个人都可以保护民族文化的独特性。
表示“原因” due to/ owing to/ 9 表示“决心”
be determined to make up one’s mind to be convinced to 造句：各行各业的人们决定资助那些上不起学的年轻人。10 表示“结论”
sb.may come to a conclusion that„ sb.may arrive at a conclusion that „ sb.may reach a conclusion that „
造句：因此，我们可以得出结论：自信在工作面试中很必要。因此，我们得出结论：中国文化既是国家的又是世界的。11 表示“坚持” adhere to / insist on 坚持主张persist in 造句：如果我们相信某件事情是值得做的，就应该坚持去做。worthwhile 12 表示“打算”mean to do / intend to do / attempt to do 13 表示“认识到”be aware of / be conscious of / realize 表示“不同” differ from „in„ be different from„ vary „in„
UNIT Ⅳ 造句练习
复合句 宾语从句---写作中，宾语从句可用来表达观点。
I think that I love you。
主 谓 宾
宾语从句造句：
1)很多人认为，那些著名运动员不应该得到那么高的工资。
2)经济学家认为，世界经济与原油价格密切相关。
3)大学生们认为，应该在四级考试中举行口试。
4)HR专家认为，自信在面试中至关重要。
5)年轻人们觉得跳槽是一件司空见惯的事情。It 从句：
思考：it从句是什么从句？
It + be + a/an + 名词+ that„
It + be + 形容词+ that„
It + be + 过去分词 + that„
It + be + a/an + 名词+ that„
It is good news that„
It is a good thing that „
It is no wonder that „
It is common knowledge that „
It is a miracle that „。
It is a pity that „
It is a shame that „
It is a fact that„
It is an honor that „
It is my belief that „
造句：
1)有些年轻人不愿意赡养年迈的父母，这是一件令人遗憾的事情。
2)我相信这些孩子在灾难之后会回到校园。
3)他居然可以从这次地震当中死里逃生，真是奇迹。
4)一个国家会从大灾难中变得日益强大，这是常识。
It + be + 形容词+ that„
It is clear that „
It is possible that„
It is certain that „
It is necessary that „
It is likely that„
It is obvious that„
deserve Economist economy Job-hunting, job-waiting, job-hopping
It is strange that„
It is fortunate that„
It is natural that„
造句：
1)每个人都要爱别人和被别人爱，这是很自然的。
2)幸运的是，这个国家的每一位成员都愿意帮助深陷困境的人。
3)显然，强烈的愿望会使得我们成功。
4)大部分年轻人都有必要选择一位合适的偶像去崇拜。
It + be + 过去分词 + that„
It is reported that„
It is said that„
It is believed that„
It is generally thought that„
It should be noted that „。
It has been found that „
It must be pointed out that„ 造句：
1)据报道，这个超级巨星有成百万的疯狂粉丝。
2)必须指出的是，养宠物可以培养孩子的责任心。
3)人们相信，中国会在这次经济危机中变得日益强大。
4)人们普遍认为，韩国影星Rain还是挺帅的。
写作实战：把下列句子改写成it作主语的句子——
1)That the world is round is a fact。
2)That smoking can cause cancer is true。
3)That English is becoming an international language is true。
4)That Mike failed his English exam was strange。
5)That he has been late for work over and over again is a serious matter。
定语从句
定语从句的两个关键概念——先行词、关系词。
案例：God helps those who help themselves。
原则一：先行词指人用who/whom
1)I am talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living.I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with。
2)He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty, nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise。
3)There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so;but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool。
4)The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page。
原则二：表示人或物的所有关系用whose
1)I know a friend whose brother is the CEO of IBM。
2)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time。
3)Anger is a wind which blows out the lamp of the mind.4)He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exercise。
原则三：当先行词既是有人又有物时用that
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.原则四：先行词指时间用when
I will never forget the day when I met you。
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy。
March 10, 1876 was the day when the first complete sentence was sent over a telephone。
原则五：先行词指地点where
This is the town where I spent my childhood。
写作实战：经典的定语从句
1、God helps those who help themselves。
天助自助者。
2、A book that is shut is but a block。
不去翻动的书本不过是一块砖头。
3、Success is a process that begins from within。
成功是一个开始内心的过程。
4、You must do the thing which you suppose you cannot do。
你一定要去做自己认为做不到的事情。
5、A soldier who does not want to be a marshal is not a good soldier。
不想当元帅的士兵不是好士兵。
6、There is no path that cannot be traveled。
没有不能走的路。
7、He laughs best who laughs last。
谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
4、状语从句
状语从句有几种？
1、时间 when, while, as，The phone rang while I was taking my bath。
The door rang while we were watching TV。
We will leave as soon as it stops raining。
It began to rain immediately I arrived home。
注意：by the time 主要用于完成时态。
By the time I met Lily on campus, I had been love with Rose for 4 years.2、地点 where
Stay where you are。
After you finish the book, put it where it was。
注：也可由wherever, anywhere和everywhere 引导地点状语从句
Wherever he happens to be, Clint can make himself at home。
个别状语从句含有条件意味。
有志者，事竟成。
只要有爱，就会有财富和成功。
3、原因 because, as, for, since
Since “既然”
Since everyone is here, let’s get started。
4、结果 so„that„, such„that„
The food is so bad in the school café that flies go there to lose weight。So与such 的区别
He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him。He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him。
5、让步although, though
6、条件 if, unless, so long as, as long as
7、目的 in order that„, so that„
In Hong Kong, we climbed high so that we could get a better view of the city。
8、比较(不作要求)the more „ the more „
The more she practiced, the worse she sang。
The more we help others, the more we receive in return。
9、方式(不做要求)In the(same)way that„
状语从句写作实战——
1、时间
当社会进入了信息化时代的时候，我们每天要面对很多巨大的变化。
3、原因
所有的国家都应该重视环境保护，因为这个问题已经阻碍了人类的发展。
4、结果
目前，体育运动变得如此流行以至于成为了一种时尚。
5、让步
尽管我缺乏工作经验，但是我有较好的合作意识和团队意识。
6、条件(让我们写出诗一样美丽的语言！)如果秋天走了，我会在雪地里等你；如果世界没了，我会在天堂里等你； 如果你走了，我会在泪水中思念你；如果我走了，我会找一个人照顾你。
UNIT Ⅴ 文章欣赏
一
The quiet life of the country ahs never appealed to me.City born and city bred.I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend.Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months.Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures.This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV--virtually the only form of entertainment.He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work.Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong。
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.You never have to travel miles to see your friends.They invariably lie nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment.Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat.For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning.As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home.The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away.Shopping, too, is always a pleasure.There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry.Nor is the city without its moments of beauty.There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights.Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country.It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country。
二
People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy.It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.During the day, sleep comes in snatches.At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so.If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection.Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travlling by sea。
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them.They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.But nothing can match them for speed and comfort.Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience.You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services.But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world.You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys.You really see the shape of the land.If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping.However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey。
附：
句子(要考虑逻辑性和连贯性两大要素---句子内部和句子之间)
确定句子结构，突出重心---确定主语、谓语、宾语等成分，以判断对句子结构的理解无误；
使用非谓语结构---必须考虑到非谓语结构的特点，如不定式和分词的逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致，动名词应该起名词的作用，独立主格应该有自己独立的逻辑主语等；
使用从句---尤其是定语从句和状语从句；
词语
会使用小词：challenge, opportunity等
使用各种短语：
动作指向性动词词组表示动词，做谓语；
用含有否定意思的词表示否定，如：fail to, instead of, rather than, anything but等
both „ and „,not only „ but also, not because „ but because, more „ than等。
综上，要想写出一篇好文章，要兼顾：
从宏观上先严密地组织，有逻辑性地展开；
从结构上先清楚地阐明观点，然后恰当的选择写作技巧支持各种观点，或举例，或描述，或分析前因后果或定义分类等；
从具体的词汇语言使用上，尽量变换句型和句子结构，避免用词过多重复，灵活运用语法知识。
技巧
1、如何提出议题
关于，至于：in(with)relation to „;in(with)regard to(of)„;as regards „;as concerns „;in(with)reference to „;in point of „;as to „;regarding/concerning „;with(in)respect to „;be concerned with „
as far as „ be concerned 就„而言(as far as my knowledge is concerned 据我所知)
when it comes to „ 说到
2、如何表示赞同和赞赏
agree;appreciate;approve of sth.;assent;be all for „;be commendable;be worthy of praise;consent;commend;deserve commendation;endorse;express agreement with;favor;speak highly of;support;win the approval of „;It stands to reason that „;have good reason to believe
3、如何表达反对意见
at first glance it looks as if „ but „;but actually;can’t stand the idea that „;differ;disagree;however, in truth „;I can hardly approve of „;I don’t see any advantage in „;in actual fact;in point of fact;in reality, however;it is not my idea that „;it is doubtful that „;it may seem that „.However, „;many people „, but I „;on the surface(it appears as if)； one drawback is „;the truth of the matter is „;
4、如何表达好或坏的评价
表示好感
admire;appreciate;acclaim;commend;enjoy;form a high opinion of;have a favorable opinion of;in the opinion of „ be right(sound, the best)； it is wise(an effective way)to do;make a persuasive argument;regard „as reasonable;share;express the wishes of …;voice the desires of …;combine the advantages of …
表示反对
have(form)a low(an ill)opinion of „;be disgusted with „;can’t find evidence to justify „;don’t care for;wonder why „;it’s not practical to do sth.;one drawback is „;That is not my way;seem forced;be offensive to „;what I can’t stand is „;what I am worried about(afraid of)is …
5、如何为观点辩护
point to my conclusion„;will share my view;Don’t get me wrong;even if you don’t „ I would like to „;agree with „ in principle but disagree with „ in detail;I assume I have provided plenty of facts „;I can hardly avoid the conclusion;I don’t want to be offensive but;I put up my idea with so many examples that …;if we consider the matter from another angle;in effect, what I am trying to explain is …;in other words;let me accept what they said as true for now but …;let me make it simpler;my analysis, though not pleasing(satisfactory)to some people, …;my conclusion(judgment)will be proved by facts;my experience told me …;my article indicated clearly …;… is not what I meant
6、如何进一步分析问题
all things considered;allowing for the fact that „;considering „;considered scientifically;even if it is so;(even)taking „ into consideration;keeping „ in mind;on second thought;that would be great except „
7、如何解释前因后果
because;as;since;for;so;thus;then;now that;so „ that;so that;such „ that;due to;thanks to;owing to;in order to;in other that „;on account of;for this(that)reason;for one thing „ for another „;result from „;cause;lead to;the reason for(why, that)； by reason of
8、如何说明产生的结果
as a result;as a consequence;the result of „;consequently;logically;similarly;therefore;accordingly
9、如何提出例外情况
there are exceptions;an exception to that is;not include;except that;one exception is;except for;except;with the exception of(that)
10、如何举例说明
by way of examples;in illustration of;such as;like;and so on;and so forth;are good examples of;is a case of;is a case in point;take one example to do;provide examples of;illustrate examples from;draw(find)examples from(in, among)„
11、如何确定议论对象
according to „ group;divide;classify „ based on „;be graded as;classification;constitute the striking features;belong to;be classed depending on „;be defined as „;be regarded as „;refer to „;stand for „
12、如何运用比较与类比 while;whereas;however;nevertheless;but;though;similarly;likewise;in comparison with;in contrast to(with)…;contrasted with …;compared with …;be similar(alike)in …;be the same as …;bear the similarity to …;there is a similarity of … to …;be dissimilar to(from, with)…;be different from …;the difference between(of)… and …
13、如何按照拟定顺序叙述
First(firstly)，„ Second(secondly)，„ Third(thirdly)，„Finally, „
In the first place, „In the second place, „ In the third place, „
To begin with, „ What’s more, „ Besides, „
14、如何归纳总结
to sum up;conclude;in conclusion;in short;generally speaking;in general;generally;to summarize;in brief;to make a long story short;all in all;in the end;by and large
解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle
消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate
依赖：rely on, depend on, count on
十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously
损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair
给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide
发展：develop, cultivate, foster
优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
必备成语
1、Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
2、God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者。
3、Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。
4、Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
5、One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。
6、Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
7、A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
8、Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。
9、All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。
10、Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。
11、More hasty, less speed.欲速则不达。
12、It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
13、All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。
14、A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step。千里之行始于足下。
15、Look before you leap.三思而后行。
16、Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。
17、Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
18、Well begun, half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。
19、It is hard to please all.众口难调。
20、Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不念。
21、Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。
22、Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。
23、First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。
24、Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。
25、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
26、Live not to eat, but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
27、Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。
28、East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
29、It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。
30、Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。
31、Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。
32、The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。
33、Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。
34、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
35、As the tree, so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
36、To live is to learn, to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。
附：关于图表作文的描述方法：
第一种情况：横向对比。描述这种图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。
1、A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department。
2、The figure of A is about twice as much that of B。
3、The income from sales is 10 million, making the company the highest one in sales。
4、The A’s income reaches 20 million, which is in the middle of the list。
第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可以用以下的词汇和句型：
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June。
The trend/ increase slowed down in May。
The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January.(开始走强)
Prices went up by 50%，but the number of smokers maintained。
It picked up speed at the end of this year。
常用词汇及表达法：increase, decrease, rise, fall, slow, down, level off, pick up speed, maintain, drop, the trend reverses, decline, gain/ lose momentum, a steady/ substantial increase, a minor/ slight/ dramatic drop
第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图标不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。
表示百分比常用句型：
It accounts for 30% of the total population。
There are 4 members with master’s degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce。
Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital。
表示增长率的常用句型：
The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago。
The number of students has reached 200, indicating a rise of 4%，compared to last year。
第二篇：考研议论文写作指导
英语议论文常用句型
I.开篇
1）Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2）Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3）Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4）Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5）Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6）Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.7）Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8）According to a recent survey, ……
9）With the rapid development of ……,10)When it comes to…,(当说到…)
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．，4．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．
5．．．．has many advantages．For example，…
6.However，just as every coin has two sides，…has it’s disadvantages．
II…play(s)an important role／part in……
1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．
2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．
3．Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．
4．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．
5．Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness．
6．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
7．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now，telephone，email，and fax have taken their place．
III．With the development of…
1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car.2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．
3．With the rapid development of Science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．
4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.5．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．
6．With more and more women entering the society，people's attitude towards women is changing．
7．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of(a growing number of，a significant number of)families can afford a car．
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but…
四、批驳
1）It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.2）There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3）Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.4）Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5）A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6）It makes no sense to argue for ……
7）Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8）Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9）Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10）No one can deny the fact that ……
11）The idea is hardly supported by facts.12）Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13）Recent studies indicate that ……
14）There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15）According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型：
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型：
1）From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2）It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3）We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population．
4）We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．
5）The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．
6）Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．
7）It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8）In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9）There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.10）To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11）In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.12）With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.13）We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to ……
14）Taking all these into account, we ……
15）Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分)，表示客观存在的人或事物。
There must be a lot of fuel in the tank．
There remains nothing more to be done．
There is no point in talking about it again．
There is something you don't know．
There is not enough time to do the work． ．
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化，从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1．由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.名词化：The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons．
2．由of连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.名词化：One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves．
3．用of连接含有by的短语，把简单句转换成名词短语
That James Watt invented the steam engine started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century．
名词化：The invention of the steam engine by James Watt started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century．
4．被动结构转换成名词
It has been suggested that red and green be applied to the design to produce a pleasant effect．
名词化：A suggestion has been made that red and green be applied to the design to produce a pleasant effect．
5．副词与动词一起转换成名词
The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.名词化：The chief characteristic of the electronic computer is accuracy and quick computation．
6．介词短语与动词一起转换成名词
The professor explained the Theory of Relativity to his students in detail.名词化：The professor gave his students a detailed explanation of the Theory of Relativity.7．动词转换成介词短语
Some power plants are being constructed．
名词化: Some power plants are under construction
英语议论文写作模板
一、不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that_____作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that_____观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows：in the first place,_____原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that _____观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that _____观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand,_____原因一_______.On the other hand,_____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that _____观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that_____观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.二、利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides,__讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.三、答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all,__途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______,we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,____方法_____.四、谚语警句性议论文
It is well known to us that the proverb：___谚语_______has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.（also theoretically）
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying： ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.五、图表作文的框架
As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table（graph/picture/pie/chart）,___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease（goes up/increases/drops/decreases），significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand,________.On the other hand，_______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition,________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.英语四级考试写作技巧:段落的连贯性
在确定好一条条的扩展句后，怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢？这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中，句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接，通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能，大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关联词分为四类：
1、列举类
列举法常用在议论文中，当作者提出一个论点后，可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有：
first(ly), second(ly),...finally;for one thing, for another;on the one hand, on the other hand;moreover;furthermore;what's more;in addition;besides;first of all;in the first place, in the second place;(at)last;then;next;the last but not the least2、举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法，举例类关联词有：
for example;for instance;such as;like;take...for example;a case in point;namely;in other words;that is;especially;in particular3、比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较，以辨别出它们的相似之处；对比是将这些事物进行对照，辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有：
but;however;yet;otherwise;while;in contrast;by contrast;on the contrary;similarly;likewise;like;conversely;rather than;instead;on the other hand;equally;nevertheless;nonetheless;unlike;still;in the same way;compared with...4、因果类
as a result;since;because(of);thanks to;due to;owing to;for this reason;hence;thus;therefore;on this/that account;on account of;consequently5、总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后，进行总结、给出概括，这类关联词有：in this case;according to;in a word;in brief;in short;to sum up.
第三篇：英语议论文写作模版
议论文作文模板
1.正反观点式议论文模板
导入：
第1段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)The reasons are listed as follows.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)
Here are the reasons.In the first place...What's more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：
第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)オ 2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)结论：
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)オ
3.观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句，承上启下)
正文：
第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论：
第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...(照应第1段，构成“总-分-总”结构)
4.“How to”类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文：
第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论：
第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
实用文体写作模板 高考英语作文经典范文
名人名言
No one can degrade us except ourselves;that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us.(B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。
为了大家能更多的得到写作部分的25分，我们特精选了以下范文，希望同学们务必研读背诵！（尤其注意：文中划线部分为该体裁的套话；黑体部分为写作中的经典表达。）
May you succeed in the coming college entrance examination.一、与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）
Dear Editor:
[引出话题] I’m a senior three student.I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whethermiddle school students can go to school with mobile phones.[赞成]I think they can do that.Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are.Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.[反对] However, every coin has 2 sides.There are some problems with using mobile phones.The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom.Another students is that some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages.[个人观点] In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in the classroom.Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
二、看对照表格写调查报告（孩子出国利弊）
[调查内容] A survey is taken onpublic opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school students.[调查结果]From it we can see that 38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future However, not all are for it / some are against it.62% of them hold the view that it is difficult for young people to live and study in a foreign country.It’s easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home.[解决措施]The survey shows thatthe government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.（句型do something /take measures / steps about sth.to do sth）
三、读柱状图表写调查报告 [注意句式变换] Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.The most striking contrast isin teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5percent of the boys want to do the job.20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15 percent in these two fields.What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists.Besides teaching, the second choice for girlsisto be scientists and managers.The number is not small.Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.四、写信（过去/现在对比）
Dear editor，I’m a middle school student.I once had a very happy family, but everything has changed because of my father.He used to be a very good doctor and was often praised by his patients.He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother everyday.However, he is now quite a different person.He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother.I just can’t concentrate on my studies and my grades are coming down.I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy my family as well as my father
Could you help me what to do? I’m looking forward to your reply.Thank you very much.Li Hua
英语作文写作框架
英语作文的框机架
对比观点题型
（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1.有一些人认为……
2．另一些人认为……
3．我的看法……
The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view,I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
２．分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１．问题现状
２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,----------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１．说明事物现状
２．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３．你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(对前景的预测)．)
议论文的框架
(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some peoplehold the idea that_观二_____.In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.Itis not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”,讨论议题is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with,缺 点 一.In addition, 缺点二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: "___谚语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)
A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..图表作文的框架
As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
第四篇：英语议论文写作
英语议论文写作范文
1.利弊议论文
Model 1：
It is a new thing that_____.Many people welcome this new development while others have expressed their concern about this.Those who take sides against this new trend believe that _____ because_____.One common argument, however, for ____ is that_____.Of the two views discussed above, I am in favor of the _____.My reason is that____.Model 2：
As is known to all, there has been a wave of ____.There are many advantages / disadvantages of this modern way.First of all, _____.In the second place, _____.Lastly, _____.In a word, ____.Model 3：
When asked about ____, different people will offer different opinions.Some people take it for granted that _____.In their mind, ____.Besides, ______.However, others hold that ____.They maintain that ____.1
Weighting up these two arguments, I am for the first one.For one thing, ____.For another, _____.Therefore, as stated above, ____.Model 4：
____ is becoming more popular in ____, especially among ____.Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of ____.There are several reasons for its popularity.First, ____.Second, ____.However, in terms of _____.2.个人观点议论文
Model(1)
Nowadays more and more people pay more attention to _____.Some people argue that ____ while others firmly hold that _____.In my opinion, I think this question should be probed in depth.On one hand, the first group is not totally correct because ____.On the other hand, the second group seems ____ because ____.In a word, we can see clearly that the key lies in ____.Otherwise _____.Model(2)
It becomes a common tendency these days for people to ____.Many people are opposed to ____ because they think_____.They also argue that ____.In my mind, however, I can’t agree with ____.At the same time, _____.In addition, ______.In conclusion, ______.Model(3)
____ has been one medium of communication that has connected all the people around world.More and more people tend to concern the ____, because it is so _____ that _____.The advantages of ____ are obvious to some people.For one thing, in terms of ____, For another thing, _____._____.As a result, _____./Consequently, _____.Personally, I side with the former opinion.Because _____.However, _____.Model(4)
Presently, one phenomenon calls for people’ s attention that ____.In general, ______.For one thing, _____.(For example, _____.)For another, _____.As far as I am concerned, _____.To sum up, _____.3.解决方法类议论文
Model(1)
If you ____, what will you feel? Of course, you will feel ___ because _____.Besides this, ____.For one thing, ____, For another, _____.No easy solution can be taken to cope with the problem of ____, but ____.Therefore, my viewpoint is that _____.There is no doubt that ____.Model(2)
Most of us today recognize that ____ has been a greatly serious problem.Therefore, _____.From above, we can find that the reasons why ____, are as follows, the primary reason, I think, _____.For example, _____.However, ____.Second, _____.The third reason actually is the result of ____.Therefore, _____.Moreover, _____.Let’s make our good efforts, and _____.
第五篇：考研英语写作必备
考研英语：写作必备词汇(一)
中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)国庆节 National Day
中秋节 Mia-Autumn Festival春节 Spring Festival
元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children‘s Day
端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day
五四青年节 Youth Day
考研英语：写作必备词汇(二)
中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls
套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
米粉 rice noodles馄饨 wonton
火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)
考研英语：写作必备词汇(三)
中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)京九铁路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway中国电信 China Telecom扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project中国移动 China Mobile菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan温饱工程 Decent-Life Project中国电脑联网 Chinanet安居工程 Economy Housing Project三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign希望工程 Project Hope西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
考研英语：写作必备词汇(四)
大陆中国 Mainland Chin铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
红宝书 little red book大锅饭 communal pot
红色中国 socialist China关系户 closely-related units四化 Four Modernizations外出打工人员 migrant workers终生职业 job-for-life
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
考研英语：写作必备词汇(五)
基层监督 grass-roots supervision婚纱摄影 bride photo
基础税率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton
婚介所 matrimonial agency机器阅卷 machine scorin
婚外恋 extramarital love
即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service
加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel
矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-base ormationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts
素质教育 education for all-round development
豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation state台独 independence of Taiwan台湾当局 Taiwan authorities台湾同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大开发 Development of the West Regions
可持续性发展 sustainable development
风险投资 risk investment通货紧缩 deflation
扩大内需 to expand domestic demand
计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction(CAI)
网络空间 cyberspace网上购物 shopping online
虚拟现实 virtual reality应试教育 exam-oriented education网民 netizen(net citizen)学生减负 to reduce study load电脑犯罪 computer crime总裁助理 assistant president电子商务 the e-business综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-based;informationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive
外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises
下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下网 off line
小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family
新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star
新新人类 New Human Being;X Generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand
虚拟网 virtual net学生处 students′ affairs division研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma
摇钱树 cash cow以人为本 people oriented;people foremost义务教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can
应试教育 examination-oriented education system
考研英语：写作必备词汇(六)
The classification for the commodities
1.frozen food 速冻食品 5.personal-care supplies 个人护理用品
2.dairy products 牛产品6.toys 玩具
3.packaged foods 包装食品7.car-care products 汽车护理用品
4.cleaning supplies 清洁用品8.yard-care products 庭院护理用品
考研英语：写作必备词汇(七)
Different stores
1.Convienience store便利店2.Grocery store小卖部
3.Supermarke超市4.Drug store药店
5.Department store商场6.Discount store打折店
7.Factory outlets厂家直销点8.Specialty shop专卖店
9.Shopping mall/shopping center购物中心
Houshold department
dish 碟子silverware 银器cooking utensils 厨具
pots 壶pans 锅
点击咨询 