第一篇：建筑证书中英文翻译
建筑证书的中英文翻译
Certificate of Real Estate Ownership（房地产权证）
The Certificate granted by the government stating the ownership title of the property built on a certain piece of land, location, construction area, etc.The years of property ownership is equal to the years of land use right.New Certificate is a combination of both the land use right information and real estate ownership information.由政府部门颁发的关于某土地上所建建筑权属、地理位置、建筑面积等的证书。房屋所有权年限等于土地使用年限。新的房地产权证包括土地使用权信息和房地产权信息。
Construction Completion Inspection Certificate（建设工程竣工验收备案证书）
A certificate issued by Construction Project Quality Supervision to approve the inspection for the quality of construction after completion.建设工程完工时，对工程质量进行验收检查，合格后由建设质量监督总站颁发建设工程竣工验收备案证书。
Construction Permit（施工许可证）
A permit for the construction company to commence construction on a piece of land issued by Construction Management Bureau.由建设工程管理局颁发的对于建筑单位可以开始在土地上建设的施工许可。
Engineering Planning Permit（建筑工程规划许可证）
A permit issued by City Planning Management Bureau for the construction planning which confirms its legitimacy to protect the lawful rights and interests of an entity or individual.It includes time schedule, details in construction area, approved layout, structure, etc.由城市规划管理局颁发的有关建设工程符合城市规划要求的法律凭证，用以确认有关建设活动的合法地位，保证有关建设单位和个人的合法权益，内容包括施工进度表、建筑地区详情、批准规划和工程结构等。
Land Usage Planning Permit（建设用地规划许可证）
A permit issued by City Planning Management Bureau which confirms its legitimacy for the land usage planning.由城市规划管理局颁发的用以确认建设项目位置和范围符合城市规划的法律凭证。
State-owned Land Use Right Certificate（国有土地使用产权证）
A certification issued by Administrative Bureaus of Houses and Land Resources certifying that the certificate holder legally has the right to use a piece of State owned land as approved by the governmental authorities.由房屋土地资源管理局颁发的表明土地使用者依法享有国有土地使用权的证明。
第二篇：各类证书中英文
各类证书中英文
户口：Hukou 身份证：ID 护照：Passport 港澳通行证：The People's Republic of China Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau 台湾通行证：Exit and Entry Permit Taiwan Republic of China 军官证：Military Officer Certificate 团员证：Certificate of the Communist Youth League of China 党员证：Membership Certificate of the Communist Party of China 离休证：Certificate of Emeritus 退休证：Retirement Certificate 老年证：Senior Citizen ID 生存证明：Certificate of Existence 死亡证明：Death Certificate
火化证：Cremation Certificate
安葬证：Burial Certificate
健康证：Health Certificate
未婚证：Spinsterhood Certificate
婚检证：Certificate of Premarital Checkup
结婚证：Marriage License 准生证：Birth Approval Certificate 初婚未育证：Certificate of First Marriage and Non-maternity 计划生育保健服务证：Certificate of Family Planning and Health Care Service 出生证：Birth Certificate
独生子女证：One Child-Certificate
预防接种证：Vaccination Certificate
节育证：Birth Control Certificate
离婚证：Divorce Certificate
学生证：Student ID 毕业证：Graduation Certificate 学位证：Certificate of Degree
社保证：Social Security Certificate 失业证：Unemployment Certificate 养老保险证：Endowment Insurance
居住证：Residence Permit 暂住证：Temporal Residential Permit
房产证：House Proprietary Certificate
土地证：Certificate of Land
房屋他项权证：the certificate of the other rights of land 国有土地使用证：Certificate for the Use of State-owned Land 驾驶证：Driver’s License
流动人口计划生育证: Certificate of Birth Control of Migrating Population 涉外婚姻证明: Certificate of Marriage with a Foreigner 婚育培训合格证: Certificate of Marital and Maternal Training 报到证: Registration Certificate 在读证明: Studying Certificate 贷款证明: Certificate for Loan 借书证: Library Card 英语四六级证: Certificate of CET 4 or 6 上岗证: Work License 从业资格证: Employment Qualification Certificate 离职证明: Employment Separation Certificate
三侨生证明: Certificate of Three-Types Overseas Students
留学回国人员证明: Certificate of Returned Overseas Nationals 残疾证: Disability Certificate 无犯罪证明: Certificate of Clearance 边境证: Bordering Crossing Certificate 行驶证: Driving Permit 养路费证: Certificate of Road Maintenance Fee 经营许可证: Business Certificate 税务登记证: Tax Registration Certificate 卫生许可证: Health Permit 消防许可证: Fire Protecting Permit 收入证明: Income Testimonial
贫困证明: Poverty Testimonial 献血证: Certificate of Blood Donoation
第三篇：房地产建筑中英文翻译文章
Architectural aesthetics Description: good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome, medieval church or ancient temples, but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando's “light of the Church”, he is born, find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall, human thinking should be in the wall, but on solidification, Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect, forming a “cross” light, the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people's hearts.Keywords: architectural aesthetics, geographical, natural environment Our physical environment, some content to let long galleries, there are things you as minor and fleeting.Sometimes, it has not been tested by underline things but has an excellent quality, because they are in the environment and the role of one of them in the history of a people cannot be underestimated.The building is the mental and the physical form of a fantasy world, is a people want to constantly improve the world.Even in urban space or building a reality, people can be aware of when building the content, the content determines the atmosphere is not visible.At the same time, building with — the walls between the consciousness of history--also pregnant with significant changes in the future.Good architecture is breathtaking beauty.We can compare the strict designed by calculation from the ancient Greek temple of ancient Rome, medieval church or ancient temples, but was unable to predict that Tadao Ando's “light of the Church”, he is born, find the peacefulness.After the priest of the Forum should be sacred for wall, human thinking should be in the wall, but on solidification, Ando has boldly fashionable in the wall of a perpendicular to the horizontal opening of the intersect, forming a “cross” light, the God of light into the room.This means that the gods of light of many people's hearts.Architectural beauty lies in its natural environment, and rooted in obedience to the natural environment.A variety of architectural form, and varied architectural styles suitable for different natural and scenic forest terrain dissolving into one, creating a variety of architectural culture his beautiful language.Different different natural environment, as man and nature, to the summary of the building, to the plants.Hop, hop, suitable for the various geographical areas at the request of the natural environment, and nature.In the South-East Asia and South Asian countries, in China's Hainan Island and Taiwan island, located at the lush, tropical climate, people use Coconut Grove palm leaf up to adapt to the tropical rainforest left, the wooden floor, ventilation, light and cool and simple, built in the building;the tropical rain forest in the province, in China's Western Alpine region, people use stone barrier wall, according to the Hill jiushi built stone building, Typhoon snow insulation against the cold, built a plateau mountain building.As China's Sichuan and other minorities in Tibet Qinghai in Western China, according to the Hill jiushi built to all kinds of mountain building group.The loess plateau in China, mobei Gobi, rainfall climates, they leverage mountain slope dig to build houses, built of Adobe buildings.Dunhuang Pinakothek construction buried into the hillside, semi-open entrance, hillside retaining wall obtained, Adobe-style architectural characteristics very obvious.In the Eastern United States, Australia, in the South of China, with abundant rainfall, mild climate, people with wood and tile mountains jiushi, local conditions and cover up the shade hood, ventilation, humid area in the building.Visible in the different regions of the building has its own beautiful language.Architectural beauty lies in its rich sound, garden buildings is highly representative of a case.Although he continuously to borrow, King, box sites, and many other visual techniques demonstrated at such as art as the conception, however, only to Visual impact, he was not to be so awesome.In addition to the traditional Chinese garden itself of cultural tradition, philosophy, his heart also lies in the human sensory perception of others.The Phoenix huang class flute, whistle “flowing water when his sound;the bamboo homes Kim Bong, Lotus flowers smell” performance taste;“Poly boxing ring shaped Hill, as the bucket water pool” and reflects his scale, not to mention the claustrophobic to solitude, ascending to the expression of emotion in a lifetime “.The beauty of Chinese architecture: all inclusive-vapour and whirling, wind dance secluded huang, fragrant as years years-heze, by xiangyuan Yi Ching;pool-view heart, tingxie pleasant and so on and so on.It is this otoacoustic eye color, full moon flower, Garden perception of imagery, reflecting his poetically.Architectural beauty is a multi axis coordinate system.In different historical periods, different regional culture, ethnic background are not all the same.Ancient Chinese aesthetic standard who are unified, as was the mobilization of centralization, almost all the buildings means the creation of a common complete form of art.As a result, China's architecture reflects the orthodox Confucian thought, and ambitious;Chinese gardens with the Taoist, strongly imitate nature, extreme freedom and changeable.While ancient Greek philosophy and the arts all knowledge, in pursuit of eternal perfect, so in the spirit of the level of their pursuit of spiritual perfection, nature they are pursuing a lasting image of beauty, to some extent, their beauty is $ 1.1840, Engels in his earlier book, seven Filippo's hometown ”, discusses the classical architecture style of Zhongshan key new features: the Greek architects are brightly coloured, Moore of architecture(of North Africa, southern Europe of Islamic architecture)makes people feel hesitant, Gothic sacred happy;Greek architectural style phase anything, Moore-building style like the stars of the evening, Gothic architecture style like the Golden Dawn.“In short, different architectural expression of beauty are quite different.Architectural beauty lies in its arbitrary and should display fine, although it's almost done by people from the natural and artistic creation.Whether it is a tile, is a variation of, or is incomplete, dangerous, contemporary architectural design of the non-harmony ”consciousness is striking a trend.For example, postmodern architecture will tile formally introduced architecture creation, Isozaki of Tsukuba Center is a typical example.He will appear in the history and contemporary of intensity, Roman, Michelangelo, Moore, years and so many people of fragments from the original context in-out, converted and tile, make up a new system crashing, Vilas Palace of the expensive's maid were “in the Group Portrait, which stimulate the thinking of.The remains of ancient construction, the ruins of war, waste that some artists and architects feel torn beauty or form.For example, an earlier use of torn law-abiding architects Haworth to cause Shihlin jewellery design, he will even granite brick facades tore a large gap, causing a crash, make light projecting from the mysterious.While the deconstruction architects also exaggerated attitude stressed that the composition of dangerous to pose, its taste is represented as instability, weightlessness, sliding, overturning, falling, and so on a non-equilibrium of dangerous composition.Beauty is changing, the tragedy of the ancients, fair, sublime, noble, naive, and so far not able to cover a wide variety of today's emerging aesthetic form.Contemporary architecture in the area of ”non-harmony“ complexity, it widens the architectural modeling and aesthetic space so that the architectural beauty and meaning of ”harmonious“ become more abundant.Architectural beauty lies in the fact that it is reasonable to interleave.The evolution of the building, in a sense is emotional and the rational development of the Union.The relationship between emotion and reason, from had clashed, gradually developed into the amalgamation of the stage.In the field of architecture, emotional and rational boundaries are obscure.The emergence of light to dark, as emotion to rational, reasonable negative Chahar confirmed the existence of reason, and the building is with a certain function, a function of matter.At this level, the building contains natural rational components.When crossing the modern industrial civilization dating back to ancient times, we will surprises, this one's mind old emotional factors.Built on a thick massive form, there is a spirit of flexibility and intangible.In accurate and detailed scale in a fine expression of emotion, ”happy and bright mood, … a bright, sunny day...“(Engels).Back to the contemporary, the construction sector, multicultural coexistence styles;the rise and fall of modernism, postmodernism has just put on the stage of history, it was ”crazy“ heedless of the annihilation of deconstruction.”Wrong,“ ”symbiosis“ ”metaphor“ ”symbol“ a ”high tech“...seems to be in one night, the building became the best media passed emotion.Therefore, in the knowledge of contemporary architecture trends and future architecture, architectural beauty of emotional understanding and is one of the contemplative basis points.Architectural beauty lies in the science and technology on the art and architecture of the 20th century art and architecture development, most dramatic beneficial to past era。
Advances in technology make it possible to dream of architect.The role of art and nature and man, society, so that the full of life, from emotionally experience of nature and life of rhyme and poetic.At this time of the construction sector evolved ”reverse form of aesthetics“ aesthetic ”high tech“ ”ecological aesthetics“ and ”to maintain development of aesthetics“ as the representative of the emerging architectural aesthetic system.The inverse form of aesthetics ”intentional violation of the law in the form of aesthetics.Classical aesthetic pursuit in harmony, and he advocated conflict broken by expanding and American antithesis of conflict, warfare requirements, funny, humor, and other ways and means to improve the performance of buildings.“Aesthetic” stressed the high tech application, stressing the cultural expression of emotion, focusing on building flexibility and diversity, local and historical culture, such as Jean Nouvel * Design Center for the Arab world.The ecological aesthetics “ecology of full, stable, harmonious aesthetic standards, the pursuit of natural beauty and man-made beauty, Norman Foster's design in Wales * gardens, will naturally into them create artificial climate, this is not possible in the past.In support of science and technology, could hardly have been able to break through the nature and structure of the constraint.The sustainable development of natural aesthetics ”, ecology, society as a complete system, people and nature of interdependence and mutual harmony, as aesthetic ideals, chasing meet human needs, and create a good environment.The network era buildings form already appeared-e building.The magic of the computer network is now like a storm swept across the world, its biggest huge impact changing our every aspect of life.Science and technology of every advancement affect to the building and the development of the city, just as the invention of the cinema also means cinema such as architecture.Winston * Churchill that widespread warning said “we bring up the building, the building makes us”.E architectural beauty lies in its performance of the network age art architectural space, architect, or at least is the art of a special form, building with building language authoring, artistic expression to the outside world a thought or a explains a significance.The architectural language in the creative process in writing these meanings.While the network age of a main interpretation of the expression of every thought.E building is the author of a creative passion, artistic, aesthetic taste, social experience, the internal state of mind and to describe the depth of understanding of the object.The e-age, and paper are no longer the only vector of architecture, as history and bamboo from Oracle to ask, and development to paper and printing.Computer architecture expression, in fact already started showing up, is different from the previously static drawings, it displays the information of the expression, and broadband Internet use media real-time interactive publication makes the comprehensive development of the architectural design.All in all, a cultural background of the building, the accumulation of a rich cultural connotations of the building, either the environment it reflected the cultural heritage of the human spirit, but also with their own interpretation to the concept of beauty, building rich language and of endless aftertaste.http://www.xiexiebang.com / http:// www.xiexiebang.com
建筑美学浅谈
简介：好的建筑是令人窒息的美丽。我们几乎可以比较严格的由计算而设计出古希腊古罗马的神庙，中世纪的教堂或是古代的寺庙，但却无法预测到安藤忠雄的“光的教堂”，他的诞生着实令人为之一振。在牧师的讲坛后应该是神圣的永恒不变的墙体，人类的思维应该在这面墙体上凝固，可是，安藤却大胆地在墙上流出了一个垂直于水平的相交的开口，形成了一个“光的十字”，把神的光芒引到人间。这种光的神灵意味更强烈的震撼着人的心灵。
关键字：建筑美学,地域,自然环境
我们所处的物质环境中,有些内容让人长久无法忘怀，有些东西则如过眼云烟转瞬即逝。有时，没有经过刻意雕琢过的东西却拥有着精良的品质，因为他们在环境中所扮演的角色令人折服，他们在历史中上演的一幕令人不能小觑。建筑是精神和幻想世界的物化形式，是一个人们想不断完善的世界。即使是在城市空间或建筑成为现实后，人们依然可以察觉到当初建筑所要表达的内容，这种内容决定了不可见的气氛的情绪。同时，建筑标志着过去——墙壁之间可自觉的历史——也孕育着将来显著的变化。
好的建筑是令人窒息的美丽。我们几乎可以比较严格的由计算而设计出古希腊古罗马的神庙，中世纪的教堂或是古代的寺庙，但却无法预测到安藤忠雄的“光的教堂”，他的诞生着实令人为之一振。在牧师的讲坛后应该是神圣的永恒不变的墙体，人类的思维应该在这面墙体上凝固，可是，安藤却大胆地在墙上流出了一个垂直于水平的相交的开口，形成了一个“光的十字”，把神的光芒引到人间。这种光的神灵意味更强烈的震撼着人的心灵。
建筑之美在于其根植于自然环境，又服从于自然环境。多样的建筑形式，各异的建筑风格适宜于不同的自然环境，与风景林木地形溶为一体，形成了各种建筑文化自己的美的语言。
不同的地域，不同的自然环境，作为人与自然总结的建筑，向植物一样落地生根。合天时，合地利，适宜于各种地区自然环境的要求，与大自然融为一体。
在东南亚和南亚各国，在中国的海南岛和台湾岛，椰林茂密，气候炎热，人们用椰树林棕榈叶盖起了适应热带雨林的茅草房，小木楼，通风轻盈凉爽简洁，建起了热带雨林建筑；在中亚西亚，在中国的西部高寒地区，人们用石块垒砌，依山就势盖起了石板建筑，避风挡雪保温御寒，筑成了高原山地建筑。如中国的西藏青海四川等少数民族在中国西部，依山就势建起可各式各样的山地建筑群。在中国的黄土高原，漠北戈壁，雨量稀少，气候干燥，人们利用山边土坡挖地筑房，建起了具有鲜明特色的生土建筑。甘肃敦煌艺术陈列馆把建筑埋入山坡下，半开敞式入口，山坡挡墙甬道，生土式建筑特征十分明显。在美国的东部，在澳大利亚，在中国的南方，雨量充沛，气候温和，人们用木材砖瓦依山就势，因地制宜，盖起了遮阳避雨，通风透气，造型别致的湿热地区建筑。可见，不同地区的建筑有着自己美的语言。
建筑之美在于其诗情画意，中国古典园林的建筑就是卓有代表的一例。尽管他不间断地以借景，对景，框景等诸多视觉手法向人们展示着如画般的意境,然而仅以视觉冲击，他还无以有如此撼人的魅力。除了中国古典园林自身所蕴含的文化底蕴，哲学思想外，他的深意还在于调动了人的其他感官知觉。“凤篁类长笛，流水当鸣笛”表现其声；“竹院金风细，荷塘花气香”表现其味；“聚拳石为山，环斗水为池”又体现了他的尺度，更不用说“幽闭以独处，登高以畅怀”表达的情绪了。中国建筑之美包罗万象：竹影婆娑，风舞幽篁，菏香苒苒，香远益清；池景赏心，亭榭宜人等等等等。正是这耳声目色，月圆花好，造就了中国古典园林的知觉意象，体现了他的诗情画意。
建筑之美是一个多轴的坐标系。在不同的历史时期，不同地域文化，不同民族背景下都不尽相同。中国古代人们心中的美学标准则是统一的，正如当时的中央集权，几乎动员了全部当时的建筑手段共同创造出完整的艺术形式。因此，中国的建筑体现了儒家思想，正统而有气魄;中国园林蕴含着道家思想，极力效法自然，极度自由，变化多端。而古希腊在哲学与艺术等等的一切知识，都是在追求永恒的完美，所以在精神层次上他们追求灵性的完美，在自然界中他们则追求一种永恒的形象美，在某种程度上，他们的美是一元的。
1840年，恩格斯在他的早期著作《七个菲利特的故乡》一文中，论述了古典建筑中山重点新风格的美学特征：“希腊式的建筑师人感到明快，摩尔时的建筑（指北非，南欧的伊斯兰建筑）使人觉得犹豫，哥特式建筑神圣的令人心醉神迷；希腊式的建筑风格相艳阳天，摩尔式的建筑风格像星光闪烁的黄昏，哥特式建筑的风格像朝霞。”总之，不同的建筑有着不同美的表达。
建筑之美在于其随意之处竟显精致，虽由人做宛自天成的艺术创作。无论是拼贴，是变异，抑或是残缺，奇险，当代建筑设计中的“非和谐”意识引人注目的一种倾向。
例如，后现代主义建筑将拼贴正式引入建筑创作中,矶崎新的筑波中心是典型事例。他将历史上和当代的烈度，罗曼诺，米开朗基罗，穆尔，霍来因等很多人的片断从原来的文脉中撕拉出来，进行了转换和拼贴，构成了一个相互撞击的新系统，犹如维拉斯贵兹的《宫廷的侍女们》中的群体肖像，从而激起人们的思索。古代建筑的遗迹，战争废墟，废弃物使一些艺术家和建筑师感受到残缺的美感或造型上的力度。比如较早运用残缺守法的建筑师霍来因，在士林珠宝店的设计中，他将平整的花岗岩砌成的外立面撕开了一个大缺口，造成一种撞击感，使得光线从种神秘的投射出来。而解构主义建筑师同样以夸张的姿态强调构图的奇险于动势的感觉，其审美意趣表现为失稳，失重，滑动，翻倾，坠落等等非平衡的奇险构图。
美是发展变化的，古人提出的悲剧，秀雅，崇高，尊贵，朴素等远不能涵盖当今出现的各种各样的审美形态。当代建筑领域的“非和谐”具有复杂性，它开拓了建筑造型与审美的空间，使建筑之美与“和谐”的含义变得更为丰富。
建筑之美在于其是情理交织的。建筑的演进，在某种意义上是情感与理性的交织发展过程。情感与理性的关系，从曾经相互抵触，逐渐发展到相互融合的阶段。
建筑学领域中,情感与理性的界限正变的模糊。光之于黑暗的出现，正如情感之于理性，对理性的否定恰确认了理性的存在，而建筑物正是凭借了一定的功能，成为了使用功能的物质承担者。在这个层面上，建筑包含与生俱来的理性成分。
当越过现代工业文明追溯到远古，我们会惊喜的发现，这种人的心灵情感因素早已有之。建筑在厚重巨大的形态下，蕴藏了心灵的柔性与无形的时间。在精确细致的比例尺度中营造着细腻的情感，“表达了愉快与明朗的情绪，„„灿烂，阳光照耀的白昼„„”（恩格斯语）。回到当代，建筑界多元共存，风格多变；现代主义潮起潮落，后现代主义刚在历史舞台上上演，又被“疯狂”的解构狂啸湮没。“错时”“共生”“隐喻”“象征”“高技”„„.似乎在一夜之间,建筑成了传递情感的最佳媒介。因此，在认识当代建筑思潮以及对未来建筑时，建筑之美的情理解和则是思辨的基点之一。
建筑之美在于科学技术对艺术和建筑创作的影响，这是20世纪艺术和建筑发展中，最鲜明的有益于以往时代的特征。
技术的进步使得建筑师的梦想成为可能。艺术的作用表现与人与自然，社会的关系，使生活的爆满，从感性上体验自然和人生的韵律和诗意。这时候的建筑界逐渐形成了“反形式美学”“高技美学”“生态美学”和“可维持发展的美学”为代表的新兴建筑美学体系。
“反形式美学”有意违反了形式美学的规律。古典美学追求和谐统一，而他提倡冲突破碎，通过拓展美的对立面要求采用冲突，对抗，滑稽，幽默等方式与手法来提高建筑的表现力。“高技美学”强调高技术的应用，讲究文化情感的表述，注重建筑灵活性和多样性，努力表现地方性与历史文化的内涵，如让*努维尔设计的阿拉伯世界研究中心。“生态美学”以自然生态的完整，稳定，和谐为审美标准，追求自然美与人工美的完美结合，诺曼*福斯特设计的威尔士国家植物园，将自然纳入其中营造人工气候，这在过去是不可能想象的。在科技的支持下，简直已经能够突破自然，结构的约束。“可持续发展美学”把自然，生态，社会作为一个完整的系统，将人与自然的相互依赖和相互和谐，作为审美理想，追求着满足人类生存需要，又创造良好的生态环境美学价值。
网络时代的建筑形式已经出场——e建筑。神奇的计算机网络现在像一场风暴席卷着全球，正以其无法估量的巨大冲击力改变着我们生活的每一个方面。科技的每一次进步都或多或少影响到建筑和城市的发展，就像电影的发明同时也就意味着电影院这类的建筑产生一样。
温斯顿*丘吉尔那就广为传播的警句说“我们造就建筑，建筑也造就我们”。e建筑之美在于它表现网络时代的建筑空间，建筑师艺术，或者至少是艺术的一种特殊形式，建筑时采用建筑的语言创作，凡是艺术都要向外界表达一种思想或说明一种意义。建筑语言在创作过程中书写了这些意义。而网络时代的一件主诠释了每一个思想的表达。e建筑凝聚了作者的创作激情，艺术修养，审美趣味，社会阅历，内在心境和对描绘对象深度的理解。
e时代，纸不再只是建筑的唯一载体，正像历史上从甲骨文到竹简问，又发展到纸和印刷术一样。计算机建筑表达，事实上已经开始显示出强大的说服力，不同于一张张静止的图纸，它显示了信息的动态表达，并在宽带互联网上利用媒体实时交互式发布，使得建筑设计全面发展。
总之，孕育着一个文化背景的建筑，积淀着丰富的文化内涵的建筑，既可以折射出所处环境的文化传统，人文精神，同时也以其自身诠释着美的概念，建筑丰富的语言中裹着的是让人无尽的回味。
第四篇：证书翻译
高中毕业证翻译模板
GRADUATION CERTIFICATE Made by Jiangsu Educational Committee PHOTO No.XXXXXXXX BZ Zi,No.XXXXXXX Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province(seal)The special Seal of Middle School Roll Administration of Yangzhou Educational Bureau(embossed seal)The student XXX,is from Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province, femail,18 years old, completed all subjects with qualified marks from September 1999 to July 2002 for 3 years at Senior Middle School Department of Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province.With qualified marks, she is hereby granted graduation.Yangzhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province(seal)
Headmaster:XXX(seal)July 20,2008-5-23
Graduate Certificate XXXX UNIVERSITY GRADUATE CERTIFCATE No.XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX(Name), XX(Sex), born in XXX, has been an undergraduate majoring in XXXX in the Department of XXXX of XXXX University from Aug, 2001 to July, 2005.He has completed the entire prescribed 4 years undergraduate courses, passed all the examinations and is entitiled to be a graduate of XXXX University.President Seal of University
在读证明英文样本
March 9,2006 To whom it may concerned, This is to certify that Ms./Mr.xxx,who came to our school in september 2002 as a bachelor student, is majoring in xxx.At pre-sent,she/he is on her/his fourth year in our school, and her/his student number isxxxxxx.This letter will be the only proof of the truth of her/his status.在校证明（大学、中学）
在校证明（大学）
**，男，出生于****年*月*日，****年*月进入我校学习，现为我校**专业*年级的学生。该生在校期间学习成绩优异，尊敬师长，团结同学，积极参加各项集体活动，是一名品学兼优的好学生。因其近期准备出国留学深造，我校同意其出国计划并提供其成绩如下：
成 绩 科 目 第一学年 第二学年 第三学年 第四学年
********* 75 ********* 82 ********* 86 ********* 79 ********* 93 ********* 88 ********* ___ *********---*********---
特此证明！
校 长：
************大学 ****年**月****日
School Certificate *****, male, born on May , 19*, was admitted to ******** Middle School in September 19**.Now he is studying at Class **, Grade **.****** obeys all the rules, respects teachers, united with students, takes actively part in all kinds of actives and is a student of good character and scholarship.Record Subject Grade One Grade Two Grade Three
First Term Second Term First Term Second Term First Term Second Term Politics Chinese Mathematics English Physics Chemistry Geography Biology P.E.History
Hereby certified!Principal: *********** Middle School October **, 20**
在校证明（中学）
******, **，出生于****年*月*日，****年*月考入**********中学，现为我校高*.*班的学生，该生在校期间尊敬师长，团结同学，遵守学校的各项规章制度，积极参加学校组织的各项活动，是一名品学兼优的学生。
成 绩 科 目 高 一 高 二 高 三
上学期 下学期 上学期 下学期 上学期 下学期 政 治
语 文
数 学
英 语
物 理
化 学
地 理
生 物
体 育
历 史
特此证明！校长：
********中学
父母担保信（支持声明）
Letter of Supporting **/**/20** To: British Embassy Dear Sir or Madam: I am the applicant ********’s father/mather and guarantor for his study in Britain, *****(父亲/母亲名).I have been working as the ******(职位名)in *************Co.Ltd.since **** with annual income RMB***, 000(excluding year-end bonus)after tax.For better development in the future, my son, ******** decided to go to Britain for further study.I am willing to provide my savings RMB**0, 000 to support my son.I guarantee that my son ****** will have no economic difficulties in Britain and obey the laws and regulations.I am willing to bear all the responsibility if any problems happen.Please give kind consideration to my son *****’s visa application.Thanks a lot!I hereby to guarantee!*****(申请人父亲/母亲)Signature: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
担保信
致：英国大使馆： 尊敬的签证官先生/女士：
我是申请人***的父亲/母亲兼其在英国留学的担保人，***，1996年至今工作于*****有限公司，任*****一职，年薪为人民币***万元（税后，不含年终奖金）。我儿***为了将来能有更广阔的就业前景，计划赴英国学习，我愿意提供我的积蓄**万人民币的银行存款作为他赴英国留学的费用。我保证我儿***在英国期间不会在经济方面遇到任何困难，并保证他不会触犯任何法律,若有任何问题，我愿意承担一切责任！
希望签证官对我儿**的签证申请给予善意的考虑，谢谢！
特此担保！
**** 签名：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 20**年**月**日
担保人工作及收入证明（非法人）
在职及收入证明
致：英国大使馆 尊敬的签证官先生/女士
****有限公司成立于1995年，注册资金为***万元，公司主要经营******。***自1995年以来一直任我公司的*****，主要负责指导公司的*****。***工作兢兢业业，业绩突出，为公司带来了可观的利润。****的年薪为人民币12万元（其中包括基本工资、奖金及年终分红），其个人所得税由我公司根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税暂行条例》代扣代缴。
因其儿/女***赴英国留学深造的需要，我公司特出据此证明，证明***有足够的经济实力支付其儿/女在英国期间的留学费用。
总经理：
*****有限公司 二00一年*月*日
Working and Income Certificate 10/10/2001 To: British Embassy *** Co., Ltd.was founded in 1995 with the registered capital of 1000,000.00.Our company’s major business is ***.Mrs.*** has been working as *** in *** Co., Ltd.since 1995.He/She is mainly responsible for the *** of our company , *** achieved outstandingly and had brought our company considerable profit.***’s yearly income is RMB120, 000(including salary, award and year-end bonus)and her personal income tax has been deducted and paid by our company according to P.R.C Provisional Regulations of Personal Income Tax.For her son/daughter ***’s need of further study in Britain, we hereby to certify that **** has ability to cover all the expenses.General Manager: ***** Co., Ltd.中国学历、学位证书标准翻译
《中华人民共和国学位条例》
“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People's Republic of China”
QUOTE: 结业证书 Certificate of Completion 毕业证书 Certificate of Graduation 肄业证书 Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/Attendance/Study 教育学院 College/Institute of Education 中学 Middle[Secondary] School 师范学校 Normal School[upper secondary level] 师范专科学校 Normal Specialised Postsecondary College 师范大学 Normal[Teachers] University 公正书 Notarial Certificate 专科学校 Postsecondary Specialised College 广播电视大学 Radio and Television University 中等专科学校 Secondary Specialised School 自学考试 Self-Study Examination 技工学校 Skilled Workers[Training] School 业余大学 Spare-Time University 职工大学 Staff and Workers University 大学 University(regular,degree-granting)职业大学 Vocational University 中国学历、学位证书标准翻译 QUOTE: 大学毕业证书
Let it be known that Mr.Wen Huang, native of Jiangsu Province, born on August 30, 1973, having specialized in Marketing in the Department of Economics & Management from Sept.1995 to July 1998 and having completed the four year undergraduate program with qualified standing, is hereby awarded this Certificate of Graduation.大学学位证书
This is to certify that Mr.Wen Huang, born in Jiangsu Province on August 30, 1973 has studied for 4 years(from Sept.1995 to July 1998)in the department of Economics & Management majoring in Marketing, has completed all the courses prescribed in the Teaching Program, and has passed all the exams necessary for graduation from Nanjing University.Having fulfilled the requirements stipulated by the Academic Degree Regulations of the People's Republic of China, he/she is awarded the degree of Bachelor of Business.硕士学位证书
Certificate of Master Degree University of Nanjing
We the undersigned hereby certify that Mr.Wen Huang having fulfilled the requirements of the Ordinances and Regulations of the University was by the University authority admitted to the Degree of Master of Business Administration at a Congregation held in the University on July 14, 1999.成绩单课程翻译参考表
1.Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学 2.Advanced Mathematics 高等数学
3.Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析 4.Algorithmic Language 算法语言
5.Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路
6.Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计 7.Audit 审计学
8.Automatic Control System 自动控制系统 9.Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论 10.Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术 11.Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础 12.Calculus 微积分
13.Catalysis Principles 催化原理
14.Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文献检索 15.Circuitry 电子线路
16.College English 大学英语
17.College English Test(Band 4)CET-4 18.College English Test(Band 6)CET-6 19.College Physics 大学物理
20.Communication Fundamentals 通信原理 21.Comparative Economics 比较经济学 22.Complex Analysis 复变函数论 23.Computational Method 计算方法
24.Computer Graphics 图形学原理
25.computer organization 计算机组成原理 26.computer architecture 计算机系统结构
27.Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术 28.Contract Law 合同法
29.Cost Accounting 成本会计
30.Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术 31.Database Principles 数据库原理
32.Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计 33.Developmental Economics 发展经济学 34.discrete mathematics 离散数学 35.Digital Electronics 数字电子电路
36.Digital Image Processing 数字图像处理
37.Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理 38.Econometrics 经济计量学
39.Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技术经济分析
40.Economy of Capitalism 资本主义经济
41.Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 电磁场与电磁波 42.Electrical Engineering Practice 电工实习43.Enterprise Accounting 企业会计学
44.Equations of Mathematical Physics 数理方程 45.Experiment of College Physics 物理实验 46.Experiment of Microcomputer 微机实验
47.Experiment in Electronic Circuitry 电子线路实验 48.Fiber Optical Communication System 光纤通讯系统 49.Finance 财政学
50.Financial Accounting 财务会计 51.Fine Arts 美术
52.Functions of a Complex Variable 单复变函数 53.Functions of Complex Variables 复变函数
54.Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 复变函数与积分变换
55.Fundamentals of Law 法律基础
56.Fuzzy Mathematics 模糊数学 57.General Physics 普通物理
58.Graduation Project(Thesis)毕业设计（论文）59.Graph theory 图论
60.Heat Transfer Theory 传热学
61.History of Chinese Revolution 中国革命史 62.Industrial Economics 工业经济学 63.Information Searches 情报检索 64.Integral Transformation 积分变换
65.Intelligent robot(s);Intelligence robot 智能机器人 66.International Business Administration 国际企业管理 67.International Clearance 国际结算 68.International Finance 国际金融 69.International Relation 国际关系
70.International Trade 国际贸易
71.Introduction to Chinese Tradition 中国传统文化
72.Introduction to Modern Science & Technology 当代科技概论 73.Introduction to Reliability Technology 可靠性技术导论 74.Java Language Programming Java 程序设计 75.Lab of General Physics 普通物理实验 76.Linear Algebra 线性代数
77.Management Accounting 管理会计学
78.Management Information System 管理信息系统 79.Mechanic Design 机械设计 80.Mechanical Graphing 机械制图
81.Merchandise Advertisement 商品广告学 82.Metalworking Practice 金工实习
83.Microcomputer Control Technology 微机控制技术 84.Microeconomics & Macroeconomics 西方经济学 85.Microwave Technique 微波技术 86.Military Theory 军事理论
87.Modern Communication System 现代通信系统 88.Modern Enterprise System 现代企业制度
89.Monetary Banking 货币银行学
90.Motor Elements and Power Supply 电机电器与供电 91.Moving Communication 移动通讯 92.Music 音乐
93.Network Technology 网络 技术
94.Numeric Calculation 数值计算
95.Oil Application and Addition Agent 油品应用及添加剂
96.Operation & Control of National Economy 国民经济运行与调控 97.Operational Research 运筹学
98.Optimum Control 最优控制 99.Petroleum Chemistry 石油化学
100.Petroleum Engineering Technique 石油化工工艺学 101.Philosophy 哲学
102.Physical Education 体育
103.Political Economics 政治经济学 104.principle of compiling 编译原理 105.Primary Circuit（反应堆）一回路 106.Principle of Communication 通讯原理 107.Principle of Marxism 马克思主义原理 108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.Principle of Mechanics 机械原理 Principle of Microcomputer 微机原理 Principle of Sensing Device 传感器原理
Principle of Single Chip Computer 单片机原理 Principles of Management 管理学原理
Probability Theory & Stochastic Process 概率论与随机过程 Procedure Control 过程控制
Programming with Pascal Language Pascal语言编程 Programming with C Language C语言编程
Property Evaluation 工业资产评估 Public Relation 公共关系学
Pulse & Numerical Circuitry 脉冲与数字电路 Refinery Heat Transfer Equipment 炼厂传热设备 Satellite Communications 卫星通信
Semiconductor Converting Technology 半导体变流技术 Set Theory 集合论
Signal & Linear System 信号与线性系统 Social Research 社会调查
software engineering 软件工程
SPC Exchange Fundamentals 程控交换原理 Specialty English 专业英语 Statistics 统计学
Stock Investment 证券投资学
Strategic Management for Industrial Enterprises 工业企业战略管理
132.Technological Economics 技术经济学 133.Television Operation 电视原理 134.Theory of Circuitry 电路理论
135.Turbulent Flow Simulation and Application 湍流模拟及其应用 136.Visual C++ Programming Visual C++程序设计
137.Windows NT Operating System Principles Windows NT操作系统原理
138.Word Processing 数据处理
139.中国旅游经济地理 Tourism Economic Geography of CHINA 140.中外饮食文化 Chinese and Foreign Dietetic Culture 141.会计信息系统分析 The Analysis of Accounting Information System 142.Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学 143.144.145.146.147.148.149.150.151.152.153.154.155.156.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.165.166.167.168.169.Advanced Mathematics 高等数学
Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析 Algorithmic Language 算法语言
Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路
Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计 Audit 审计学
Automatic Control System 自动控制系统 Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论 Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术
Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础 Calculus 微积分
Catalysis Principles 催化原理
Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文献检索 Circuitry 电子线路
College English 大学英语
College English Test(Band 4)CET-4 College English Test(Band 6)CET-6 College Physics 大学物理
Communication Fundamentals 通信原理
Comparative Economics 比较经济学 Complex Analysis 复变函数论 Computational Method 计算方法 Computer Graphics 图形学原理
Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术 Contract Law 合同法
Cost Accounting 成本会计
Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术 170.Database Principles 数据库原理
171.Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计 172.Developmental Economics 发展经济学 173.Digital Electronics 数字电子电路
174.Digital Image Processing 数字图像处理 175.Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理 176.Econometrics 经济计量学
177.Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技术经济分析
178.Economy of Capitalism 资本主义经济
179.Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 电磁场与电磁波 180.181.182.183.184.185.186.187.188.Electrical Engineering Practice 电工实习Enterprise Accounting 企业会计学
Equations of Mathematical Physics 数理方程 Experiment of College Physics 物理实验 Experiment of Microcomputer 微机实验
Experiment in Electronic Circuitry 电子线路实验 Fiber Optical Communication System 光纤通讯系统 Finance 财政学
Financial Accounting 财务会计
189.Fine Arts 美术
190.Functions of a Complex Variable 单复变函数 191.Functions of Complex Variables 复变函数
192.Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 复变函数与积分变换
193.Fundamentals of Law 法律基础 194.Fuzzy Mathematics 模糊数学 195.General Physics 普通物理
196.Graduation Project(Thesis)毕业设计（论文）197.Graph theory 图论 198.199.200.201.202.203.204.205.Heat Transfer Theory 传热学
History of Chinese Revolution 中国革命史 Industrial Economics 工业经济学 Information Searches 情报检索 Integral Transformation 积分变换
Intelligent robot(s);Intelligence robot 智能机器人 International Business Administration 国际企业管理 International Clearance 国际结算 206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.International Finance 国际金融
International Relation 国际关系 International Trade 国际贸易
Introduction to Chinese Tradition 中国传统文化
Introduction to Modern Science & Technology 当代科技概论 Introduction to Reliability Technology 可靠性技术导论 Java Language Programming Java 程序设计 Lab of General Physics 普通物理实验 Linear Algebra 线性代数
Management Accounting 管理会计学
Management Information System 管理信息系统 Mechanic Design 机械设计 Mechanical Graphing 机械制图
Merchandise Advertisement 商品广告学
Metalworking Practice 金工实习
Microcomputer Control Technology 微机控制技术 Microeconomics & Macroeconomics 西方经济学 Microwave Technique 微波技术 Military Theory 军事理论
Modern Communication System 现代通信系统
Modern Enterprise System 现代企业制度 Monetary Banking 货币银行学
Motor Elements and Power Supply 电机电器与供电 Moving Communication 移动通讯 Music 音乐
Network Technology 网络 技术 Numeric Calculation 数值计算
Oil Application and Addition Agent 油品应用及添加剂
Operation & Control of National Economy 国民经济运行与调控 Operational Research 运筹学
Optimum Control 最优控制 Petroleum Chemistry 石油化学
Petroleum Engineering Technique 石油化工工艺学 Philosophy 哲学
Physical Education 体育
Political Economics 政治经济学 Primary Circuit（反应堆）一回路 Principle of Communication 通讯原理 244.245.246.247.248.249.250.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.Principle of Marxism 马克思主义原理
Principle of Mechanics 机械原理 Principle of Microcomputer 微机原理 Principle of Sensing Device 传感器原理
Principle of Single Chip Computer 单片机原理 Principles of Management 管理学原理
Probability Theory & Stochastic Process 概率论与随机过程 Procedure Control 过程控制
Programming with Pascal Language Pascal语言编程 Programming with C Language C语言编程 Property Evaluation 工业资产评估
Public Relation 公共关系学
Pulse & Numerical Circuitry 脉冲与数字电路 Refinery Heat Transfer Equipment 炼厂传热设备 Satellite Communications 卫星通信
Semiconductor Converting Technology 半导体变流技术 Set Theory 集合论
Signal & Linear System 信号与线性系统 Social Research 社会调查
SPC Exchange Fundamentals 程控交换原理
264.Specialty English 专业英语 265.Statistics 统计学
266.Stock Investment 证券投资学
267.Strategic Management for Industrial Enterprises 工业企业战略管理
268.Technological Economics 技术经济学 269.Television Operation 电视原理 270.Theory of Circuitry 电路理论
271.Turbulent Flow Simulation and Application 湍流模拟及其应用 272.Visual C++ Programming Visual C++程序设计
273.Windows NT Operating System Principles Windows NT操作系统原理
274.Word Processing 数据处理
各种留学文件模板——参加学会、社团证明
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: This is to certify that Mr.Liang is a member of IEMC(Institute of Education for Mass Communication)since 1982.To the best of my knowledge, Mr.liang has been a senior lecturer teaching in the Dept.of Mass Communication, Beijing University since the beginning of 1984.He is also teaching some courses in Joint College.I would like to mention that Mr.Liang is responsible.aggressive and gets along with his colleagues very well.Hence, he also demonstrates superior scholastic capacity and his potential for further academic growth.If there is any information regarding this gentleman, please do no hesitate to let me know.Best Regards.各种留学文件模板——大学获奖证明
Tsinghua University!NO.742821 November 22, 1985 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:)
This is to certify that Miss Liu a senior student in our Department of International Trade College of Law, received four times the Book Coupon Awards, which only students among the top five percent are entitled to.President
国家教委出具的公费留学财力证明
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TO Whom It May Concern: This is to certify that Mr.Wan Li, born, June 17, 1960, a native of People's Republic of China, graduated from Tsinghua University, and he has been awarded a government scholarship by this commission for studying abroad.The scholarship is for two academic years.covering his / her living costs,full tuition required by the host university, round trip travelling expenses, as well as other miscellaneous fees.8 [5 i8 e* |8 a6 s$ C% QThe money will be given directly to M, who is then responsible for the payment of fees to the university.Any assistance and advice you may render to M during his / her study tour will be highly appreciated.Director Bureau of International Cultural and Educational Relations
申请者本人的工作经历证明
工作证明
*****有限公司成立于1995年，注册资金为人民币贰仟万元。公司的经营范围主要包括********。
**先生于1995年加入我公司，后因工作业绩突出，被提升为****，负责****。**先生工作认真负责，为我公司开发了广阔的市场，使公司在竞争激烈的市场中占据了一席之地。公司给予***的年薪为人民币4.8万元，其个人所得税由我公司代扣代缴。
＊＊＊先生为了将来在国内有更好的发展，决定赴英国留学深造，我公司也十分需要高素质的管理人才，所以我们十分赞同其留学计划并真诚欢迎***先生学成回国后能继续在我公司从事工作。如有进一步需要，欢迎与我公司取得联系！特此证明！总经理：
＊＊＊有限公司 二00一年九月十九日
Working Certificate 19/09/2001 To British Embassy Whom It May Concern ＊＊＊＊ Development Co.Ltd.was founded in 1995 with the registered capital of RMB20, 000, 000.We mainly deal with ＊＊＊＊＊.Mr.＊＊＊ has been working in our company since 1995.Due to his outstanding working behavior, Mr.＊＊＊ was promoted to the ＊＊＊ in charge of ＊＊＊＊＊.Mr.＊＊＊ worked hard and had opening up wide market for our company, which made our company has a stable position in the keener competition.His yearly salary is RMB 48,000 and his personal income tax has been deducted and paid by our company.For better development in the future, Mr.＊＊＊ decided to go to Britain for further study.Our company needs high-qualified manager, so we totally agree with his study plan and sincerely hope that Mr.＊＊＊ can come back to our company for further work after finishing his study.Please do not hesitate to contact us if you require any further information!Hereby certified!
General Manager: ＊＊＊＊＊＊Co.Ltd.单位准假信（停薪留职协议）
停薪留职协议
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊有限公司（以下简称甲方）与本公司职员＊＊＊＊（以下简称乙方）就乙方自费赴英国留学一事达成以下协议：
甲方责任义务：
1.停薪留职期限为＊＊＊＊，自＊＊＊年至＊＊＊＊年；
2.在乙方留学期间，甲方为乙方保留职位，停发乙方月薪，按期为乙方缴纳养老保险金；
3.乙方毕业回国，甲方为其恢复原有职位。
乙方责任义务： 1.在留学期间，费用自理；
2.乙方毕业后应按本协议回甲方工作。如违反协议，甲方 将不再为乙方保留职位及待遇。
本协议一式两份，甲、乙双方各执一份。协议方： 甲方： 乙方：
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊有限公司 ＊＊＊＊＊＊ ＊＊＊＊年＊＊月＊＊日
Agreement(Translation)＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Co., Ltd.(Part A)reached an agreement with the employee ＊＊＊＊(Part B)on＊＊＊'s study in the UK by his self-support.The duty of Part A:
1.The deadline of part B’s leaving his post is ＊＊＊ year and ＊＊＊ months, from ＊＊＊to ＊＊＊;2.Party A will keep part B’s post and pay old-age pension for part B;3.Party A will resume Part B’s post when Part B returns to China after graduation.The duty of Part B:
1.Part B pays his own total fees during his study in the UK;2.After graduation, part B should go back to work at part A according to this agreement.If part B disobeys this agreement, part A will not keep part B’s post and welfare.This agreement is in duplicate.Part A and Part B each have one copy.Part a:
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Co., Ltd.Part b:
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊ 00/00/0000
第五篇：翻译证书
现在市面上有三张证书：A，北外和联合国同声传译处联合举办的，受训完毕派往联合国工作。因为难度颇大，受训人员通常比较少。基本在北外校内选拔，具有公务员性质 B，人事部的翻译资格证书，全国通用，分为口译和笔译两种。难度分别为3级，2级，1级。1级证书不公开考试，也带有某种内部评定的性质，且市面上只有3级和2级的学习资料。C，上海口译资格证书考试。该证书在三张证书中最先推广，比较好地适应了中国经济的发展，在华东地区尤其是长三角地区影响力最大。
考虑到杭州的情况和大学生毕业就业之需，提供参考观点如下：
第一，北外的证书和人事部一级证书不需要去追逐，任何努力在可以预见的未来都是没有结果的，因此这样的努力也是不必要的。
第二，上海口译证书考试和人事部证书考试的难度关系：上海中级口译证书考试比人事部的3级证书简单些，上海高级口译证书介于人事部的3级证书和2级证书之间。第三，考虑到绝大部分学员的英语能力，建议学员从上海的口译证书开始学起。一来起步不是太难，学习过程中不会太受打击。二来只要将上海高级口译证书考试拿下，那么通过自己的能力就可以较轻松地攻克人事部的2级证书。这样并不等于说上海口译证书考试难度不大。根据我的主考经验和以往数据统计，上海口译证书考试(笔试+口试)总体通过率均不超过12%。笔试阶段中级口译的通过率大概为40%，高级口译的通过率不到30%。但到了口试阶段，通过率更加悲壮----约为30%。因此这张证书的含金量相当的高，所涉及的知识面和信息量也相当的广，是就业竞争中超越诸多英语证书的利器。
要想很好的攻克上海口译证书，需要从如下几点认真做起：
第一，确定发展道路。如果考生有意向冲击口译或者翻译能力，并且依靠该能力赢得竞争优势，那么按照如下做法会比较省时，高效。中级口译笔试—〉中级口译口试—〉高级口译—〉高级口译口试---〉人事部2级。在这个过程中，需要注意几点：A，高级口译不能包括中级口译。虽然当年本人直接越过中级口译获得了高级口译证书。但事后看来，中级口译所涉及的东西是高级口译不具备的。中级口译涉及的面比较微观实用，高级口译涉及的面抽象玄乎。B，中级口译笔试结束后只需要冲击口试一次，不管通过与否都无所谓。需要立刻调整状态冲击高级口译，而在高级口译阶段，则需要想尽任何办法通过口试，此处没有后退的余地。C,高级口译通过之后，参看人事部的3级资料，同时不要松懈对高级口译知识点的理解和巩固。这个过程大概需要一年，有了这一年的巩固，凭借高级口译的证书和能力，市面上已经鲜有竞争对手，同时大小会议都能从容应付。D，在经过一年的巩固和提高之后，可以冲击人事部的2级证书，不管是笔译证书还是口译证书。这个时候不需要参加任何课程，自己可以比较轻松的攻克。因为到了这个阶段，考生实际上已经有了2级证书的能力，所缺乏的就是2级的证书。
第二，端正好态度。口译证书考试是能力和实力的体现，没有多少考试技巧可言。唯有扎实的功底方能助考生胜出。建议感兴趣的学员首先要好好巩固词汇。鉴于口译没有专门的词汇，学员只要能将六级词汇好好掌握，那么问题就不大了。通常为了中级口译顺利过关，需要将六级词汇掌握至少5遍。为了冲击高级口译，需要将六级词汇掌握20遍以上。口译考试不同于四六级以及考研。后者有很多的消极词汇(passive vocabulary),即只要在考试时
认得，不需要主动记忆和运用。前者需要考生记住的任何一个单词都能为你随心所欲的使用，因此对于词汇要相当的熟练。
第三，针对上海口译证书考试，学员可以参考如下学习方法：重视四本书：听力，口译，笔译，阅读理解。
1，口语书的内容可以自己参看，对于考试没有多大的帮助。
2，听力在笔试时占到90分，分值相当大，不容忽视;并且听力部分的两个听译段落中有一个段落出自听力教材。在锻炼听力的时候希望能够做到如下几点：A，如果听不懂，那么参看后面的script,这样再听时则会发现原来听不懂的东西就可以听懂了，并且听不懂的地方就是你的问题所在。这样一本书听下来，可以纠正很多的错误，做到真正的提高。B，建议在听的时候准备一“材”多用，首先将它视为听力教材，在完成这个目的之后，好好的研究内容。它是一套不错的口语教材。当然要做到这一点，必须在阅读的时候从中英两个方面来考虑，即，看着英文思考中文的意思。这样一本书下来，不但积累了口语表达信息，也锻炼了“译”的能力。
3，重视口译与笔译的原因也很简单。第一，分值。不管是中级还是高级，译的成份都占到100分。其次，在口译笔试中，尤其是高级口译比试中，由于阅读理解量大题难，大部分人在规定的时间内都看不完，做题时更不用说正确率了。所以这一块的唯一解决方法就是想办法争取时间。这部分时间唯有从翻译那里挤出来。如果一开始就重视翻译和口译，那么理想的话可以为阅读理解多争取一倍的时间。第二，在笔试完后大概一个月的样子就可以知道是否有资格参加口试。如果到那个时候再准备，那么已经晚了。所以建议在笔试开始的时候就应该看完笔译，口译的第一遍。在口试前的一个月内再将这两本书看完两遍。第一遍看着文章推测译文，第二遍看着译文推测原文。第三遍和第一遍一样。这样三遍下来便可尽收考试要点，做到无招胜有招。当然不是背下来，因为所有试题都是似曾相识，但又不是出自书本。
4，阅读理解是大部分人比较忽视的一块。但是由于口译这个东西融入了太多的中国成份，那么久而久之，口译学习者的语言感觉会被毒害。因此仔细阅读《阅读理解》这本书有助于定期解毒。同时阅读理解提供的信息很多，值得收集。在阅读这本书的时候不应太快，按照自己的速度慢慢看。不要把它看作阅读理解题目来做。重在欣赏和积累英语人士的优美、地道表达。
至于口试部分，其实没有多少好担心的。出现一个考场16个考生不过的情况本来可以避免。关键是考生在笔试的时候就有投机的成份，没有真正提高自己的英语能力。并且在口译的时候有了太多无谓的心理压力。通常能够通过第一阶段的考生没有理由通不过第二阶段。主要是自己吓死自己，并且把过多的精力放到了口语表达上面。要想很好的处理这个问题，需要考生在第一阶段时就端正态度，不要将口译考试当作一门有很多考试技巧的考试，而是要扎扎实实提高自己的英语能力。否则即使第一阶段能够通过，在第二阶段也要栽跟头。其次，平时练习口译时要注意“笔记”和“听”的比例。最好的状态是将70%的精力放在听上，30%的精力放在随意笔记上。保证笔记的速度和磁带朗读速度一致，即筛选最重要的中心词记录。
第四，个人认为口译人人能做，不分专业和天赋。关键看功夫能不能花到家。在这个竞争越发激烈的社会上，和翻译相关的行业依然保持了比较高的竞争力和工资水平;同时翻译不是一个狭隘的概念，只要具备了高级口译的扎实能力，那么任何考试轻松拿下;因此是值得有志青年努力追求。虽然在诸多的比试和选择中，我们可能在某些环节处于劣势，但是扎扎实实的高级口译能力必将还你一个“英雄不问出处”。
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