第一篇：一带一路论坛关键词中英对照
5月14日上午，“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛（Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation）在北京开幕，国家主席习近平出席开幕式并发表了主旨演讲。
谈古丝绸之路
▌2000多年前，我们的先辈筚路蓝缕，穿越草原沙漠，开辟出联通亚欧非的陆上丝绸之路；我们的先辈扬帆远航，穿越惊涛骇浪，闯荡出连接东西方的海上丝绸之路。
Over 2000 years ago, our ancestors, trekking across vast steppes and deserts, opened the transcontinental passage connecting Asia, Europe and Africa, known today as the Silk Road.Our ancestors, navigating rough seas, created sea routes linking the East with the West, namely, the maritime Silk Road.▌古丝绸之路绵亘万里，延续千年，积淀了以和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢为核心的丝路精神。这是人类文明的宝贵遗产。
Spanning thousands of miles and years, the ancient silk routes embody the spirit of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit.The Silk Road spirit has become a great heritage of human civilization.谈历史与现实
▌从历史维度看，人类社会正处在一个大发展大变革大调整时代。
From the historical perspective, humankind has reached an age of great progress, great transformation and profound changes.▌从现实维度看，我们正处在一个挑战频发的世界。和平赤字、发展赤字、治理赤字，是摆在全人类面前的严峻挑战。这是我一直思考的问题。
In terms of reality, we find ourselves in a world fraught with challenges.Deficit in peace, development and governance poses a daunting challenge to mankind.This is the issue that has always been on my mind.谈“一带一路”4年成果
▌政策沟通不断深化、设施联通不断加强、贸易畅通不断提升、资金融通不断扩大、民心相通不断促进。
These four years have seen deepened policy connectivity, enhanced infrastructure connectivity, increased trade connectivity, expanded financial connectivity, and strengthened people-to-people connectivity.▌100多个国家和国际组织积极支持和参与“一带一路”建设。
Over 100 countries and international organizations have supported and got involved in this initiative.谈对“一带一路”的寄望
▌我们要将“一带一路”建成和平之路、繁荣之路、开放之路、创新之路。
We should build the Belt and Road into a road for peace, a road of prosperity, a road of opening up, a road of innovation.用数字说话
▌2014年至2016年，中国同“一带一路”沿线国家贸易总额超过3万亿美元。中国对“一带一路”沿线国家投资累计超过500亿美元。
Total trade between China and other Belt and Road countries in 2014-2016 has exceeded US$3 trillion, and China's investment in these countries has surpassed US$50 billion.▌中国企业已经在20多个国家建设56个经贸合作区，为有关国家创造近11亿美元税收和18万个就业岗位。
Chinese companies have set up 56 economic cooperation zones in over 20 countries, generating some US$1.1 billion of tax revenue and 180,000 jobs for them.▌亚洲基础设施投资银行已经为“一带一路”建设参与国的9个项目提供17亿美元贷款，“丝路基金”投资达40亿美元。
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has provided US$1.7 billion of loans for 9 projects in Belt and Road participating countries.The Silk Road Fund has made US$4 billion of investment.▌中国将加大对“一带一路”建设资金支持，向丝路基金新增资金1000亿元人民币。
China will scale up financing support for the Belt and Road Initiative by contributing an additional RMB 100 billion to the Silk Road Fund.▌中国国家开发银行、进出口银行将分别提供2500亿元和1300亿元等值人民币专项贷款，用于支持“一带一路”基础设施建设、产能、金融合作。
The China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China will set up special lending schemes respectively worth RMB 250 billion equivalents and RMB 130 billion equivalents to support Belt and Road cooperation on infrastructure, industrial capacity and financing.▌本届论坛期间，中国将同30多个国家签署经贸合作协议，同有关国家协商自由贸易协定。
During this forum, China will sign business and trade cooperation agreements with over 30 countries and enter into consultation on free trade agreements with related countries.▌我们将在未来5年内安排2500人次青年科学家来华从事短期科研工作，培训5000人次科学技术和管理人员，投入运行50家联合实验室。
In the coming five years, we will other 2,500 short-term research visits to China for young foreign scientists, train 5,000 foreign scientists, engineers and managers, and set up 50 joint laboratories.金句总结
1.这些开拓事业之所以名垂青史，是因为使用的不是战马和长矛，而是驼队和善意；依靠的不是坚船和利炮，而是宝船和友谊。
These pioneers won their place in history not as conquerors with warships, guns or swords.Rather, they are remembered as friendly emissaries leading camel caravans and sailing treasure-loaded ships.2.历史告诉我们：文明在开放中发展，民族在融合中共存。
This part of history shows that civilization thrives with openness and nations prosper through exchange.3.古丝绸之路见证了陆上“使者相望于道，商旅不绝于途”的盛况，也见证了海上“舶交海中，不知其数”的繁华。
The ancient silk routes witnessed the bustling scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major arteries of interaction, capital, technology and people flowed freely, and goods, resources and benefits were widely shared.4.历史是最好的老师。
History is our best teacher.5.发展是解决一切问题的总钥匙。
Development holds the master key to solving all problems.6.开放带来进步，封闭导致落后。对一个国家而言，开放如同破茧成蝶，虽会经历一时阵痛，但将换来新生。
Opening up brings progress while isolation results in backwardness.For a country, opening up is like the struggle of a chrysalis breaking free from its cacoon.There will be short-term pains, but such pains will create a new life.7.“一带一路”建设要以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明共存超越文明优越，推动各国相互理解、相互尊重、相互信任。
In pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, we should ensure that when it comes to different civilizations, exchange will replace estrangement, mutual learning will replace clashes, and coexistence will replace a sense of superiority.This will boost mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual trust among different countries.8.“一带一路”建设将由大家共同商量，“一带一路”建设成果将由大家共同分享。
The pursuit of this initiative is based on extensive consultation and its benefits will be shared by us all.引经据典
►孟夏之日，万物并秀。
In this lovely season of early Summer when every living thing is full of energy.►群贤毕至，少长咸集。
This is indeed a gathering of great minds.►桃李不言，下自成蹊。
Peaches and plums do not speak, but they are so attractive that a path is formed below the trees.►使者相望于道，商旅不绝于途。
The bustling scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports.►道路通，百业兴。
Building roads and railways creates prosperity in all sectors.►国之交在于民相亲，民相亲在于心相通。
Friendship, which derives from close contact between the people, holds the key to sound state-to-state relations.►万事开头难。
The beginning is the most difficult part.►不积跬步，无以至千里。
A long journey can be covered only by taking one step at a time.►金字塔是一块块石头垒成的。
The Pyramid was built by piling one stone on another.►伟业非一日之功。
Rome wasn't built in a day.
第二篇：一路一带论坛
一带一路论坛达成270多项成果（清单）
2017年05月16日00:39 新华网 116微博微信QQ空间添加喜爱
新华社北京5月15日电 “一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛成果清单
中国国家主席习近平在2013年提出共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的重要合作倡议。3年多来，“一带一路”建设进展顺利，成果丰硕，受到国际社会的广泛欢迎和高度评价。2017年5月14日至15日，中国在北京主办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛。这是各方共商、共建“一带一路”，共享互利合作成果的国际盛会，也是加强国际合作，对接彼此发展战略的重要合作平台。高峰论坛期间及前夕，各国政府、地方、企业等达成一系列合作共识、重要举措及务实成果，中方对其中具有代表性的一些成果进行了梳理和汇总，形成高峰论坛成果清单。清单主要涵盖政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通5大类，共76大项、270多项具体成果。
一、推进战略对接，密切政策沟通
（一）中国政府与有关国家政府签署政府间“一带一路”合作谅解备忘录，包括蒙古国、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、克罗地亚、黑山、波黑、阿尔巴尼亚、东帝汶、新加坡、缅甸、马来西亚。
（二）中国政府与有关国际组织签署“一带一路”合作文件，包括联合国开发计划署、联合国工业发展组织、联合国人类住区规划署、联合国儿童基金会、联合国人口基金、联合国贸易与发展会议、世界卫生组织、世界知识产权组织、国际刑警组织。
（三）中国政府与匈牙利政府签署关于共同编制中匈合作规划纲要的谅解备忘录，与老挝、柬埔寨政府签署共建“一带一路”政府间双边合作规划。
（四）中国政府部门与有关国际组织签署“一带一路”合作文件，包括联合国欧洲经济委员会、世界经济论坛、国际道路运输联盟、国际贸易中心、国际电信联盟、国际民航组织、联合国文明联盟、国际发展法律组织、世界气象组织、国际海事组织。
（五）中国国家发展和改革委员会与希腊经济发展部签署《中希重点领域2017－2019年合作计划》。
（六）中国国家发展和改革委员会与捷克工业和贸易部签署关于共同协调推进“一带一路”倡议框架下合作规划及项目实施的谅解备忘录。
（七）中国财政部与相关国家财政部共同核准《“一带一路”融资指导原则》。
（八）中国政府有关部门发布《共建“一带一路”：理念、实践与中国的贡献》、《推动“一带一路”能源合作的愿景与行动》、《共同推进“一带一路”建设农业合作的愿景与行动》、《关于推进绿色“一带一路”建设的指导意见》、《“一带一路”建设海上合作设想》等文件。
（九）“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛将定期举办，并成立论坛咨询委员会、论坛联络办公室等。
（十）中国国家发展和改革委员会成立“一带一路”建设促进中心，正式开通“一带一路”官方网站，发布海上丝路贸易指数。
二、深化项目合作，促进设施联通
（一）中国政府与乌兹别克斯坦、土耳其、白俄罗斯政府签署国际运输及战略对接协定。
（二）中国政府与泰国政府签署政府间和平利用核能协定。
（三）中国政府与马来西亚政府签署水资源领域谅解备忘录。
（四）中国国家发展和改革委员会与巴基斯坦规划发展和改革部签署关于中巴经济走廊项下开展巴基斯坦1号铁路干线升级改造和新建哈维连陆港项目合作的谅解备忘录。中国国家铁路局与巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国铁道部签署关于实施巴基斯坦1号铁路干线升级改造和哈维连陆港项目建设的框架协议。
（五）中国商务部与柬埔寨公共工程与运输部签署关于加强基础设施领域合作的谅解备忘录。
（六）中国工业和信息化部与阿富汗通信和信息技术部签署《信息技术合作谅解备忘录》。
（七）中国交通运输部与柬埔寨、巴基斯坦、缅甸等国有关部门签署“一带一路”交通运输领域合作文件。
（八）中国水利部与波兰环境部签署水资源领域合作谅解备忘录。
（九）中国国家能源局与瑞士环境、交通、能源和电信部瑞士联邦能源办公室签署能源合作路线图，与巴基斯坦水电部签署关于巴沙项目及巴基斯坦北部水电规划研究路线图的谅解备忘录和关于中巴经济走廊能源项目清单调整的协议。
（十）中国国家海洋局与柬埔寨环境部签署关于建立中柬联合海洋观测站的议定书。
（十一）中国铁路总公司与有关国家铁路公司签署《中国、白俄罗斯、德国、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古国、波兰、俄罗斯铁路关于深化中欧班列合作协议》。
（十二）中国国家开发银行与印度尼西亚－中国高铁有限公司签署雅万高铁项目融资协议，与斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦、老挝、埃及等国有关机构签署港口、电力、工业园区等领域基础设施融资合作协议。
第三篇：一带一路(双语中英对照)
“一带一路”规划（双语全文）
Action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative 国家发展改革委、外交部、商务部28日联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。全文如下：
The following is the full text of an action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, with State Council authorization, on Saturday.国家发展改革委 外交部 商务部（经国务院授权发布）2015年3月
推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动
Vision and proposed actions outlined on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 前言 Preface 2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。千百年来，“和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的丝绸之路精神薪火相传，推进了人类文明进步，是促进沿线各国繁荣发展的重要纽带，是东西方交流合作的象征，是世界各国共有的历史文化遗产。
More than two millennia ago the diligent and courageous people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and cultural exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa, collectively called the Silk Road by later generations.For thousands of years, the Silk Road Spirithas been passed from generation to generation, promoted the progress of human civilization, and contributed greatly to the prosperity and development of the countries along the Silk Road.Symbolizing
communication and cooperation between the East and the West, the Silk Road Spirit is a historic and cultural heritage shared by all countries around the world.进入21世纪，在以和平、发展、合作、共赢为主题的新时代，面对复苏乏力的全
济繁荣与区域经济合作，加强不同文明交流互鉴，促进世界和平发展，是一项造福世界各国人民的伟大事业。
When Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Central Asia and Southeast Asia in Septe球经济形势，纷繁复杂的国际和地区局面，mber and October of 2013, he raised the ini传承和弘扬丝绸之路精神更显重要和珍贵。
In the 21st century, a new era marked by the theme of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, it is all the more important for us to carry on the Silk Road Spirit in face of the weak recovery of the global economy, and complex international and regional situations.2013年9月和10月，中国国家主席习近平在出访中亚和东南亚国家期间，先后提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（以下简称“一带一路”）的重大倡议，得到国际社会高度关注。中国国务院总理李克强参加2013年中国－东盟博览会时强调，铺就面向东盟的海上丝绸之路，打造带动腹地发展的战略支点。加快“一带一路”建设，有利于促进沿线各国经
tiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road(hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road), which have attracted close attentionfrom all over the world.At the China-ASEAN Expo in 2013, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang emphasized the need to build the Maritime Silk Road oriented toward ASEAN, and to create strategic propellers for hinterland development.Accelerating the building of the Belt and Road can help promote the economic prosperity of the countries along the Belt and Road and regional economic cooperation, strengthen exchanges and mutual learning between different civilizations, and promote world peace and development.It is a great undertaking that will benefit people around the world.“一带一路”建设是一项系统工程，要坚持共商、共建、共享原则，积极推进沿线国家发展战略的相互对接。为推进实施“一带一路”重大倡议，让古丝绸之路焕发新的生机活力，以新的形式使亚欧非各国联系更加紧密，互利合作迈向新的历史高度，中国政府特制定并发布《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。
The Belt and Road Initiative is a systematic project, which should be jointly built through consultation to meet the interests of all, and efforts should be made to integrate the development strategies of the countries along the Belt and Road.The Chinese government has drafted and published the Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road to promote the implementation of the Initiative, instill vigor and vitality into the ancient Silk Road, connect Asian, European and African countries more closely and promote mutually beneficial cooperation to a new high and in new forms
.一、时代背景 I.Background
当今世界正发生复杂深刻的变化，国际金融危机深层次影响继续显现，世界经济缓慢复苏、发展分化，国际投资贸易格局和多边投资贸易规则酝酿深刻调整，各国面临的发展问题依然严峻。共建“一带一路”顺应世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化的潮流，秉持开放的区域合作精神，致力于维护全球自由贸易体系和开放型世界经济。共建“一带一路”旨在促进经济要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置和市场深度融合，推动沿线各国实现经济政策协调，开展更大范围、更高水平、更深层次的区域合作，共同打造开放、包容、均衡、普惠的区域经济合作架构。共建“一带一路”符合国际社会的根本利益，彰显人类社会共同理想和美好追求，是国际合作以及全球治理新模式的积极探索，将为世界和平发展增添新的正能量。Complex and profound changes are taking place in the world.The underlying impact of the international financial crisis keeps emerging;the world economy is recovering slowly, and global development is uneven;the international trade and investment landscape and rules for multilateral trade and investment are undergoing major adjustments;and countries still face big challenges to their development.The initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road, embracing the trend toward a multipolar world, economic globalization, cultural diversity and greater IT application, is designed to uphold the global free trade regime and the open world economy in the spirit of open regional cooperation.It is aimed at promoting orderly and free flow of economic factors, highly efficient allocation of resources and deep integration of markets;encouraging the countries along the Belt and Road to achieve economic policy coordination and carry out broader and more in-depth regional cooperation of higher standards;and jointly creating an open, inclusive and balanced regional economic cooperation architecture that benefits all.Jointly building the Belt and Road is in the interests of the world community.Reflecting the common ideals an
d pursuit of human societies, it is a positive endeavor to seek new models of international cooperation and global governance, and will inject new positive energy into world peace and development.共建“一带一路”致力于亚欧非大陆及附近海洋的互联互通，建立和加强沿线各国互联互通伙伴关系，构建全方位、多层次、复合型的互联互通网络，实现沿线各国多元、自主、平衡、可持续的发展。“一带一路”的互联互通项目将推动沿线各国发展战略的对接与耦合，发掘区域内市场的潜力，促进投资和消费，创造需求和就业，增进沿线各国人民的人文交流与文明互鉴，让各国人民相逢相知、互信互敬，共享和谐、安宁、富裕的生活。The Belt and Road Initiative aims to promote the connectivity of Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas, establish and strengthen partnerships among the countries along the Belt and Road, set up all-dimensional, multitiered and composite connectivity networks, and realize diversified, independent, balanced and sustainable development in these countries.The connectivity projects of the Initiative will help align and coordinate the development strategies of the countries along the Belt and Road, tap market potential in this region, promote investment and consumption, create demands and job opportunities, enhance people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and mutual learning among the peoples of the relevant countries, and enable them to understand, trust and respect each other and live in harmony, peace and prosperity.当前，中国经济和世界经济高度关联。中国将一以贯之地坚持对外开放的基本国策，构建全方位开放新格局，深度融入世界经济体系。推进“一带一路”建设既是中国扩大和深化对外开放的需要，也是加强和亚欧非及世界各国互利合作的需要，中国愿意在力所能及的范围内承担更多责任义务，为人类和平发展作出更大的贡献。China's economy is closely connected with the world economy.China will stay committed to the basic policy of opening-up, build a new pattern of all-around opening-up, and integrate itself deeper into the world economic system.The Initiative will enable China to further expand and deepen its opening-up, and to strengthen its mutually beneficial cooperation with countries in Asia, Europe and Africa and the rest of the world.China is committed to shouldering more responsibilities and
obligations within its capabilities, and making greater contributions to the peace and development of mankind.二、共建原则 II.Principles
恪守联合国宪章的宗旨和原则。遵守和平共处五项原则，即尊重各国主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、和平共处、平等互利。
The Belt and Road Initiative is in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.It upholds the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, mutual noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.坚持开放合作。“一带一路”相关的国家基于但不限于古代丝绸之路的范围，各国和国际、地区组织均可参与，让共建成果惠及更广泛的区域。
The Initiative is open for cooperation.It covers, but is not limited to, the area of the ancient Silk Road.It is open to all countries, and international and regional organizations for engagement, so that the results of the concerted efforts will benefit wider areas.坚持和谐包容。倡导文明宽容，尊重各国发展道路和模式的选择，加强不同文明之间的对话，求同存异、兼容并蓄、和平共处、共生共荣。
The Initiative is harmonious and inclusive.It advocates tolerance among civilizations, respects the paths and modes of development chosen by different countries, and supports dialogues among different civilizations on the principles of seeking common ground while shelving differences and dra
wing on each other's strengths, so that all countries can coexist in peace for common prosperity.坚持市场运作。遵循市场规律和国际通行规则，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和各类企业的主体作用，同时发挥好政府的作用。
The Initiative follows market operation.It will abide by market rules and international norms, give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and the primary role of enterprises, and let the governments perform their due functions.坚持互利共赢。兼顾各方利益和关切，寻求利益契合点和合作最大公约数，体现各方智慧和创意，各施所长，各尽所能，把各方优势和潜力充分发挥出来。The Initiative seeks mutual benefit.It accommodates the interests and concerns of all parties involved, and seeks a conjunction of interests and the “biggest common denominator” for cooperation so as to give full play to the wisdom and creativity, strengths and potentials of all parties.三、框架思路 III.Framework “一带一路”是促进共同发展、实现共同繁荣的合作共赢之路，是增进理解信任、加强全方位交流的和平友谊之路。中国政府倡议，秉持和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的理念，全方位推进务实合作，打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体。
The Belt and Road Initiative is a way for win-win cooperation that promotes common development and prosperity and a road toward peace and friendship by enhancing mutual understanding and trust, and strengthening all-around exchanges.The Chinese government advocates peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit.It promotes practical cooperation in all fields, and works to build a community of shared interests, destiny and responsibility featuring mutual political trust, economic integration and cultural inclusiveness.“一带一路”贯穿亚欧非大陆，一头是活跃的东亚经济圈，一头是发达的欧洲经济圈，中间广大腹地国家经济发展潜力巨大。丝绸之路经济带重点畅通中国经中亚、俄罗斯至欧洲（波罗的海）；中国经中亚、西亚至波斯湾、地中海；中国至东南亚、南亚、印度洋。21世纪海上丝绸之路重点方向是从中国沿海港口过南海到印度洋，延伸至欧洲；从中国沿海港口过南海到南太平洋。
The Belt and Road run through the continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, connecting the vibrant East Asia economic circle at one end and developed European economic circle at the other, and
encompassing countries with huge potential for economic development.The Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on bringing together China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe(the Baltic);linking China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and West Asia;and connecting China with Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Indian Ocean.The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road is designed to go
from China's coast to Europe through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean in one route, and from China's coast through the South China Sea to the South Pacific in the other.根据“一带一路”走向，陆上依托国际大通道，以沿线中心城市为支撑，以重点经贸产业园区为合作平台，共同打造新亚欧大陆桥、中蒙俄、中国－中亚－西亚、中国－中南半岛等国际经济合作走廊；海上以重点港口为节点，共同建设通畅安全高效的运输大通道。中巴、孟中印缅两个经济走廊与推进“一带一路”建设关联紧密，要进一步推动合作，取得更大进展。On land, the Initiative will focus on jointly building a new Eurasian Land Bridge and developing China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia and China-Indochina Peninsula economic corridors by taking advantage of international transport routes, relying on core cities along the Belt and Road and using key economic industrial parks as cooperation platforms.At sea, the Initiative will focus on jointly building smooth, secure and efficient transpor
t routes connecting major sea ports along the Belt and Road.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor are closely related to the Belt and Road Initiative, and therefore require closer cooperation and greater progress.“一带一路”建设是沿线各国开放合作的宏大经济愿景，需各国携手努力，朝着互利互惠、共同安全的目标相向而行。努力实现区域基础设施更加完善，安全高效的陆海空通道网络基本形成，互联互通达到新水平；投资贸易便利化水平进一步提升，高标准自由贸易区网络基本形成，经济联系更加紧密，政治互信更加深入；人文交流更加广泛深入，不同文明互鉴共荣，各国人民相知相交、和平友好。
The Initiative is an ambitious economic vision of the opening-up of and cooperation among the countries along the Belt and Road.Countries should work in concert and move toward the objectives of mutual benefit and common security.To be specific, they need to improve the region's infrastructure, and put in place a secure and efficient network of land, sea and air passages, lifting their connectivity to a higher level;further enhance trade and investment facilitation, establish a network of free trade areas that meet high standards, maintain closer economic ties, and deepen political trust;enhance cultural exchanges;encourage different civilizations to learn from each other and flourish together;and promote mutual understanding, peace and friendship among people of all countries.四、合作重点
IV.Cooperation Priorities 沿线各国资源禀赋各异，经济互补性较强，彼此合作潜力和空间很大。以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通为主要内容，重点在以下方面加强合作。
Countries along the Belt and Road have their own resource advantages and their economies are mutually complementary.Therefore, there is a great potential and space for cooperation.They should promote policy co
ordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds as their five major goals, and strengthen cooperation in the following key areas: 政策沟通。Policy coordination
加强政策沟通是“一带一路”建设的重要保障。加强政府间合作，积极构建多层次政府间宏观政策沟通交流机制，深化利益融合，促进政治互信，达成合作新共识。沿线各国可以就经济发展战略和对策进行
充分交流对接，共同制定推进区域合作的规划和措施，协商解决合作中的问题，共同为务实合作及大型项目实施提供政策
支持。Enhancing policy coordination is an important guarantee for implementing the Initiative.We should promote intergovernmental cooperation, build a multilevel intergovernmental macro policy exchange and communication mechanism, expand shared interests, enhance mutual political trust, and reach new cooperation consensus.Countries along the Belt and Road may fully coordinate their economic development strategies and policies, work out plans and measures for regional cooperation, negotiate to solve cooperation-related issues, and jointly provide policy support for the implementation of practical cooperation and large-scale projects.设施联通。Facilities connectivity 基础设施互联互通是“一带一路”建设的优先领域。在尊重相关国家主权和安全关切的基础上，沿线国家宜加强基础设施建设规划、技术标准体系的对接，共同推进国际骨干通道建设，逐步形成连接亚洲各次区域以及亚欧非之间的基础设施网络。强化基础设施绿色低碳化建设和运营管理，在建设中充分考虑气候变化影响。Facilities connectivity is a priority area for implementing the Initiative.On the basis of respecting each other's sovereignty and security concerns, countries along the Belt and Road should improve the connectivity of their infrastructure construction plans and technical standard systems, jointly push forward the construction
of international trunk passageways, and form an infrastructure network connecting all subregions in Asia, and between Asia, Europe and Africa step by step.At the same time, efforts should be made to promote green and low-carbon infrastructure construction and operation management, taking into full account the impact of climate change on the construction.抓住交通基础设施的关键通道、关键节点和重点工程，优先打通缺失路段，畅通瓶颈路段，配套完善道路安全防护设施和交通管理设施设备，提升道路通达水平。推进建立统一的全程运输协调机制，促进国际通关、换装、多式联运有机衔接，逐步形成兼容规范的运输规则，实现国际运输便利化。推动口岸基础设施建设，畅通陆水联运通道，推进港口合作建设，增加海上航线和班次，加强海上物流信息化合作。拓展建立民航全面合作的平台和机制，加快提升航空基础设施水平。
With regard to transport infrastructure construction, we should focus on the key passageways, junctions and projects, and give priority to linking up unconnected road sections, removing transport bottlenecks, advancing road safety facilities and traffic management facilities and equipment, and improving road network connectivity.We should build a unified coordination mechanism for whole-course transportation, increase connectivity of customs clearance, reloading and multimodal transport between countries, and gradually formulate compatible and standard transport rules, so as to realize international transport facilitation.We should push forward port infrastructure construction, build smooth land-water transportation channels, and advance port cooperation;increase sea routes and the number of voyages, and enhance information technology cooperation in maritime logistics.We should expand and build platforms and mechanisms for comprehensive civil aviation cooperation, and quicken our pace in improving aviation infrastructure.加强能源基础设施互联互通合作，共同维
护输油、输气管道等运输通道安全，推进跨境电力与输电通道建设，积极开展区域电网升级改造合作。
We should promote cooperation in the connectivity of energy infrastructure, work in concert to ensure the security of oil and gas pipelines and other transport routes, build cross-border power supply networks and power-transmission routes, and cooperate in regional power grid upgrading and transformation.共同推进跨境光缆等通信干线网络建设，提高国际通信互联互通水平，畅通信息丝绸之路。加快推进双边跨境光缆等建设，规划建设洲际海底光缆项目，完善空中（卫星）信息通道，扩大信息交流与合作。We should jointly advance the construction of cross-border optical cables and other communications trunk line networks, improve international communications connectivity, and create an Information Silk Road.We should build bilateral cross-border optical cable networks at a quicker pace, plan transcontinental submarine optical cable projects, and improve spatial(satellite)information passageways to expand information exchanges and cooperation.贸易畅通。Unimpeded trade 投资贸易合作是“一带一路”建设的重点内容。宜着力研究解决投资贸易便利化问题，消除投资和贸易壁垒，构建区域内和各国良好的营商环境，积极同沿线国家和地区共同商建自由贸易区，激发释放合作潜力，做大做好合作“蛋糕”。
Investment and trade cooperation is a major task in building the Belt and Road.We should strive to improve investment and trade facilitation, and remove investment and trade barriers for the creation of a sound business environment within the region and in all related countries.We will discuss with countries and regions along the Belt and Road on opening free trade areas so as to unleash the potential for expanded cooperation.沿线国家宜加强信息互换、监管互认、执
法互助的海关合作，以及检验检疫、认证认可、标准计量、统计信息等方面的双多边合作，推动世界贸易组织《贸易便利化协定》生效和实施。改善边境口岸通关设施条件，加快边境口岸“单一窗口”建设，降低通关成本，提升通关能力。加强供应
链安全与便利化合作，推进跨境监管程序协调，推动检验检疫证书国际互联网核查，开展“经认证的经营者”（AEO）互认。降低
非关税壁垒，共同提高技术性贸易措施透明度，提高贸易自由化便利化水平。Countries along the Belt and Road should enhance customs cooperation such as information exchange, mutual recognition of regulations, and mutual assistance in law enforcement;improve bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the fields of inspection and quarantine, certification and accreditation, standard measurement, and statistical information;and work to ensure that the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement takes effect and is implemented.We should improve the customs clearance facilities of border ports, establish a “single-window” in border ports, reduce customs clearance costs, and improve customs clearance capability.We should increase cooperation in supply chain safety and convenience, improve the coordination of cross-border supervision procedures, promote online checking of inspection and quarantine certificates, and facilitate mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators.We should lower non-tariff barriers, jointly improve the transparency of technical trade measures, and enhance trade liberalization and facilitation.拓宽贸易领域，优化贸易结构，挖掘贸易新增长点，促进贸易平衡。创新贸易方式，发展跨境电子商务等新的商业业态。建立健全服务贸易促进体系，巩固和扩大传统贸易，大力发展现代服务贸易。把投资和贸易有机结合起来，以投资带动贸易发展。
We should expand trading areas, improve trade structure, explore new growth areas of trade, and promote trade balance.We should make innovations in our forms of trade, and develop cross-border e-commerce and o
ther modern business models.A service trade support system should be set up to consolidate and expand conventional trade, and efforts to develop modern service trade should be strengthened.We should integrate investment and trade, and promote trade through investment.加快投资便利化进程，消除投资壁垒。加强双边投资保护协定、避免双重征税协定磋商，保护投资者的合法
权
益。We should speed up investment facilitation, eliminate investment barriers, and push forward negotiations on bilateral investment protection agreements and double taxation avoidance agreements to protect the lawful rights and interests of investors.拓展相互投资领域，开展农林牧渔业、农机及农产品生产加工等领域深度合作，积极推进海水养殖、远洋渔业、水产品加工、海水淡化、海洋生物制药、海洋工程技术、环保产业和海上旅游等领域合作。加大煤炭、油气、金属矿产等传统能源资源勘探开发合作，积极推动水电、核电、风电、太阳能等清洁、可再生能源合作，推进能源资源就地就近加工转化合作，形成能源资源合作上下游一体化产业链。加强能源资源深加工技术、装备与工程服务合作。We should expand mutual investment areas, deepen cooperation in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, agricultural machinery manufacturing and farm produce processing, and promote cooperation in marine-product farming, deep-sea fishing, aquatic product processing, seawater desalination, marine biopharmacy, ocean engineering technology, environmental protection industries, marine tourism and other fields.We should increase cooperation in the exploration and development of coal, oil, gas, metal minerals and other conventional energy sources;advance cooperation in hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, solar power and other clean, renewable energy sources;and promote cooperation in the processing and conversion of energy and resources at or near places where they are exploited, so a
s to create an integrated industrial chain of energy and resource cooperation.We should enhance cooperation in deep-processing technology, equipment and engineering services in the fields of energy and resources.推动新兴产业合作，按照优势互补、互利共赢的原则，促进沿线国家加强在新一代信息技术、生物、新能源、新材料等新兴产业领域的深入合作，推动建立创业投资合作机制。
We should push forward cooperation in emerging industries.In accordance with the principles of mutual complementarity and mutual benefit, we should promote in-depth cooperation with other countries along the Belt and Road in new-generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy technology, new materials and other emerging industries, and establish entrepreneurial and investment cooperation mechanisms.优化产业链分工布局，推动上下游产业链和关联产业协同发展，鼓励建立研发、生产和营销体系，提升区域产业配套能力和综合竞争力。扩大服务业相互开放，推动区域服务业加快发展。探索投资合作新模式，鼓励合作建设境外经贸合作区、跨境经济合作区等各类产业园区，促进产业集
ogical progress in conducting investment and trade, increase cooperation in conserving eco-environment, protecting biodiversity, and tackling climate change, and join 群发展。在投资贸易中突出生态文明理念，hands to make the Silk Road an environ加强生态环境、生物多样性和应对气候变化合作，共建绿色丝绸之路。
We should improve the division of labor and distribution of industrial chains by encouraging the entire industrial chain and related industries to develop in concert;establish R&D, production and marketing systems;and improve industrial supporting capacity and the overall competitiveness of regional industries.We should increase the openness of our service industry to each other to accelerate the development of regional service industries.We should explore a new mode of investment cooperation, working together to build all forms of industrial parks such as overseas economic and trade cooperation zones and cross-border economic cooperation zones, and promote industrial cluster development.We should promote ecol
ment-friendly one.中国欢迎各国企业来华投资。鼓励本国企业参与沿线国家基础设施建设和产业投资。促进企业按属地化原则经营管理，积极帮助当地发展经济、增加就业、改善民生，主动承担社会责任，严格保护生物多样
性
和
生
态
环
境。We welcome companies from all countries to invest in China, and encourage Chinese enterprises to participate in infrastructure construction in other countries along the Belt and Road, and make industrial investments there.We support localized operation and management of Chinese companies to boost the local economy, increase local employment, improve local livelihoods, and take social responsibilities in protecting local biodiversity and eco-environment.资金融通。Financial integration 资金融通是“一带一路”建设的重要支撑。深化金融合作，推进亚洲货币稳定体系、投融资体系和信用体系建设。扩大沿线国家双边本币互换、结算的范围和规模。推动亚洲债券市场的开放和发展。共同推进亚洲基础设施投资银行、金砖国家开发银行筹建，有关各方就建立上海合作组织融资机构开展磋商。加快丝路基金组建运营。深化中国－东盟银行联合体、上合组织银行联合体务实合作，以银团贷款、银行授信等方式开展多边金融合作。支持沿线国家政府和信用等级较高的企业以及金融机构在中国境内发行人民币债券。符合条件的中国境内金融机构和企业可以在境外发行人民币债券和外币债券，鼓励在沿线国家使用所筹资金。
Financial integration is an important underpinning for implementing the Belt and Road Initiative.We should deepen financial cooperation, and make more efforts in building a currency stability system, investment and financing system and credit information system in Asia.We should exp
and the scope and scale of bilateral currency swap and settlement with other countries along the Belt and Road, open and develop the bond market in Asia, make joint efforts to establish the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and BRICS New Development Bank, conduct negotiation among related parties on establishing Shanghai Coope
ration Organization(SCO)financing institution, and set up and put into operation the Silk Road Fund as early as possible.We should strengthen practical cooperation of China-ASEAN Interbank Association and SCO Interbank Association, and carry out multilateral financial cooperation in the form of syndicated loans and bank credit.We will support the efforts of governments of the countries along the Belt and Road and their companies and financial institutions with good credit-rating to issue Renminbi bonds in China.Qualified Chinese financial institutions and companies are encouraged to issue bonds in both Renminbi and foreign currencies outside China, and use the funds thus collected in countries along the Belt and Road.加强金融监管合作，推动签署双边监管合作谅解备忘录，逐步在区域内建立高效监管协调机制。完善风险应对和危机处置制度安排，构建区域性金融风险预警系统，形成应对跨境风险和危机处置的交流合作机制。加强征信管理部门、征信机构和评级机构之间的跨境交流与合作。充分发挥丝路基金以及各国主权基金作用，引导商业性股权投资基金和社会资金共同参与“一带一路”重点项目建设。
We should strengthen financial regulation cooperation, encourage the signing of MOUs on cooperation in bilateral financial regulation, and establish an efficient regulation coordination mechanism in the region.We should improve the system of risk response and crisis management, build a regional financial risk early-warning system, and create an exchange and cooperation mechanism of addressing cross-border risks and crisis.We should increase cross-border exchange and c
ooperation between credit investigation regulators, credit investigation institutions and credit rating institutions.We should give full play to the role of the Silk Road Fund and that of sovereign wealth funds of countries along the Belt and Road, and encourage commercial equity investment funds and private funds to participate in the construction of key projects of the Initiative.民心相通。People-to-people bond
民心相通是“一带一路”建设的社会根基。传承和弘扬丝绸之路友好合作精神，广泛开展文化交流、学术往来、人才交流合作、媒体合作、青年和妇女交往、志愿者服务等，为深化双多边合作奠定坚实的民意基础。People-to-people bond provides the public support for implementing the Initiative.We should carry forward the spirit of friendly cooperation of the Silk Road by promoting extensive cultural and academic exchanges, personnel exchanges and cooperation, media cooperation, youth and women exchanges and volunteer services, so as to win public support for deepening bilateral and multilateral cooperation.扩大相互间留学生规模，开展合作办学，中国每年向沿线国家提供1万个政府奖学金名额。沿线国家间互办文化年、艺术节、电影节、电视周和图书展等活动，合作开展广播影视剧精品创作及翻译，联合申请世界文化遗产，共同开展世界遗产的联合保护工作。深化沿线国家间人才交流合作。
We should send more students to each other's countries, and promote cooperation in jointly running schools.China provides 10,000 government scholarships to the countries along the Belt and Road every year.We should hold culture years, arts festivals, film festivals, TV weeks and book fairs in each other's countries;cooperate on the production and translation of fine films, radio and TV programs;and jointly apply for and protect World Cultural Heritage sites.We should also increase personnel exchange and cooperation between countries along the Belt and Road.加强旅游合作，扩大旅游规模，互办旅游推广周、宣传月等活动，联合打造具有丝绸之路特色的国际精品旅游线路和旅游产品，提高沿线各国游客签证便利化水平。推动21世纪海上丝绸之路邮轮旅游合作。积极开展体育交流活动，支持沿线国家申办重大国际体育赛事。
We should enhance cooperation in and expand the scale of tourism;hold tourism promotion weeks and publicity months in each other's countries;jointly create competitive international tourist routes and products with Silk Road features;and make it more convenient to apply for tourist visa in countries along the Belt and Road.We should push forward cooperation on the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road cruise tourism program.We should carry out sports exchanges and support countries along the Belt and Road in their bid for hosting major international sports events.强化与周边国家在传染病疫情信息沟通、防治技术交流、专业人才培养等方面的合作，提高合作处理突发公共卫生事件的能力。为有关国家提供医疗援助和应急医疗救助，在妇幼健康、残疾人康复以及艾滋病、结核、疟疾等主要传染病领域开展务实合作，扩大在传统医药领域的合作。We should strengthen cooperation with neighboring countries on epidemic information sharing, the exchange of prevention and treatment technologies and the training of medical professionals, and improve our capability to jointly address public health emergencies.We will provide medical assistance and emergency medical aid to relevant countries, and carry out practical cooperation in maternal and child health, disability rehabilitation, and major infectious diseases including AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.We will also expand cooperation on traditional medicine.加强科技合作，共建联合实验室（研究中心）、国际技术转移中心、海上合作中心，促进科技人员交流，合作开展重大科技攻关，共同提升科技创新能力。We should increase our cooperation in science and technology, establish joint labs(or
research centers), international technology transfer centers and maritime cooperation centers, promote sci-tech personnel exchanges, cooperate in tackling key sci-tech problems, and work together to improve sci-tech innovation capability.整合现有资源，积极开拓和推进与沿线国家在青年就业、创业培训、职业技能开发、社会保障管理服务、公共行政管理等共同关心领域的务实合作。
We should integrate existing resources to expand and advance practical cooperation between countries along the Belt and Road on youth employment, entrepreneurship training, vocational skill development, social security management, public administration and management and in other areas of common interest.充分发挥政党、议会交往的桥梁作用，加强沿线国家之间立法机构、主要党派和政治组织的友好往来。开展城市交流合作，欢迎沿线国家重要城市之间互结友好城市，以人文交流为重点，突出务实合作，形成更多鲜活的合作范例。欢迎沿线国家智库之间开展联合研究、合作举办论坛等。
We should give full play to the bridging role of communication between political parties and parliaments, and promote friendly exchanges between legislative bodies, major political parties and political organizations of countries along the Belt and Road.We should carry out exchanges and cooperation among cities, encourage major cities in these countries to become sister cities, focus on promoting practical cooperation, particularly cultural and people-to-people exchanges, and create more lively examples of cooperation.We welcome the think tanks in the countries along the Belt and Road to jointly conduct research and hold forums.加强沿线国家民间组织的交流合作，重点面向基层民众，广泛开展教育医疗、减贫开发、生物多样性和生态环保等各类公益慈善活动，促进沿线贫困地区生产生活条件改善。加强文化传媒的国际交流合作，积极利用网络平台，运用新媒体工具，塑造和谐友好的文化生态和舆论环境。
We should increase exchanges and cooperation between nongovernmental organizations of countries along the Belt and Road, organize public interest activities concerning education, healthcare, poverty reduction, biodiversity and ecological protection for the benefit of the general public, and improve the production and living conditions of poverty-stricken areas along the Belt and Road.We should enhance international exchanges and cooperation on culture and media, and leverage the positive role of the Internet and new media tools to foster harmonious and friendly cultural environment and public opinion.五、合作机制 V.Cooperation Mechanisms
当前，世界经济融合加速发展，区域合作方兴未艾。积极利用现有双多边合作机制，推动“一带一路”建设，促进区域合作蓬勃发展。
The world economic integration is accelerating and regional cooperation is on the upswing.China will take full advantage of the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to push forward the building of the Belt and Road and to promote the development of regional cooperation.加强双边合作，开展多层次、多渠道沟通磋商，推动双边关系全面发展。推动签署合作备忘录或合作规划，建设一批双边合作示范。建立完善双边联合工作机制，研究推进“一带一路”建设的实施方案、行动路线图。充分发挥现有联委会、混委会、协委会、指导委员会、管理委员会等双边机制作用，协调推动合作项目实施。We should strengthen bilateral cooperation, and promote comprehensive development of bilateral relations through multilevel and multichannel communication and consultation.We should encourage the signing of cooperation MOUs or plans, and develop a number of bilateral cooperation pilot projects.We should establish and improve bilateral joint working mechanisms, and draw up implementation plans and road maps for advancing the Belt and Road Initiative.In addition, we should give full play to the ex
isting bilateral mechanisms such as joint committee, mixed committee，coordinating committee, steering committee and management committee to coordinate and promote the implementation of cooperation projects.强化多边合作机制作用，发挥上海合作组织（SCO）、中国－东盟“10+1”、亚太经合组织（APEC）、亚欧会议（ASEM）、亚洲合作对话（ACD）、亚信会议（CICA）、中阿合作论坛、中国－海合会战略对话、大湄公河次区域（GMS）经济合作、中亚区域经济合作（CAREC）等现有多边合作机制作用，相关国家加强沟通，让更多国家和地区参与“一带一路”建设。We should enhance the role of multilateral cooperation mechanisms, make full use of existing mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO), ASEAN Plus China(10+1), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC), Asia-Europe Meeting(ASEM), Asia Cooperation Dialogue(ACD), Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia(CICA), China-Arab States Cooperation Forum(CASCF), China-Gulf Cooperation Council Strategic Dialogue, Greater Mekong Subregion(GMS)Economic Cooperation, and Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation(CAREC)to strengthen communication with relevant countries, and attract more countries and regions to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative.继续发挥沿线各国区域、次区域相关国际论坛、展会以及博鳌亚洲论坛、中国－东盟博览会、中国－亚欧博览会、欧亚经济论坛、中国国际投资贸易洽谈会，以及中国－南亚博览会、中国－阿拉伯博览会、中国西部国际博览会、中国－俄罗斯博览会、前海合作论坛等平台的建设性作用。支持沿线国家地方、民间挖掘“一带一路”历史文化遗产，联合举办专项投资、贸易、文化交流活动，办好丝绸之路（敦煌）国际文化博览会、丝绸之路国际电影节和图书展。倡议建立“一带一路”国际高峰论坛。We should continue to encourage the constructive role of the international forums and exhibitions at regional and subregional l
evels hosted by countries along the Belt and Road, as well as such platforms as Boao Forum for Asia, China-ASEAN Expo, China-Eurasia Expo, Euro-Asia Economic Forum, China International Fair for Investment and Trade, China-South Asia Expo, China-Arab States Expo, Western China International Fair, China-Russia Expo, and Qianhai Cooperation Forum.We should support the local authorities and general public of countries along the Belt and Road to explore the historical and cultural heritage of the Belt and Road, jointly hold investment, trade and cultural exchange activities, and ensure the success of the Silk Road(Dunhuang)International Culture Expo, Silk Road International Film Festival and Silk Road International Book Fair.We propose to set up an international summit forum on the Belt and Road Initiative.六、中国各地方开放态势
VI.China's Regions in Pursuing Opening-Up
推进“一带一路”建设，中国将充分发挥国
内各地区比较优势，实行更加积极主动的开放战略，加强东中西互动合作，全面提升开放型经济水平。
In advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, China will fully leverage the comparative advantages of its various regions, adopt a proactive strategy of further opening-up, strengthen interaction and cooperation among the eastern, western and central regions, and comprehensively improve the openness of the Chinese economy.西北、东北地区。发挥新疆独特的区位优势和向西开放重要窗口作用，深化与中亚、南亚、西亚等国家交流合作，形成丝绸之路经济带上重要的交通枢纽、商贸物流和文化科教中心，打造丝绸之路经济带核心区。发挥陕西、甘肃综合经济文化和宁夏、青海民族人文优势，打造西安内陆型改革开放新高地，加快兰州、西宁开发开放，推进宁夏内陆开放型经济试验区建设，形成面向中亚、南亚、西亚国家的通道、商贸物流枢纽、重要产业和人文交流基地。发挥内蒙古联通俄蒙的区位优势，完善黑龙江对俄铁路通道和区域铁路网，以及黑
龙江、吉林、辽宁与俄远东地区陆海联运合作，推进构建北京－莫斯科欧亚高速运输走廊，建设向北开放的重要窗口。Northwestern and northeastern regions.We should make good use of Xinjiang's geographic advantages and its role as a window of westward opening-up to deepen communication and
cooperation with Central, South and West Asian countries, make it a key transportation, trade, logistics, culture, science and education center, and a core area on the Sil
k Road Economic Belt.We should give full scope to the economic and cultural strengths of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the ethnic and cultural advantages of the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Qinghai province, build Xi'an into a new focus of reform and opening-up in China's interior, speed up the development and opening-up of cities such as Lanzhou and Xining, and advance the building of the Ningxia Inland Opening-up Pilot Economic Zone with the goal of creating strategic channels, trade and logistics hubs and key bases for industrial and cultural exchanges opening to Central, South and West Asian countries.We should give full play to Inner Mongolia's proximity to Mongolia and Russia, improve the railway links connecting Heilongjiang province with Russia and the regional railway network, strengthen cooperation between China's Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces and Russia's Far East region on sea-land multimodal transport, and advance the construction of an Eurasian high-speed transport corridor linking Beijing and Moscow with the goal of building key windows opening to the north.西南地区。发挥广西与东盟国家陆海相邻的独特优势，加快北部湾经济区和珠江－西江经济带开放发展，构建面向东盟区域的国际通道，打造西南、中南地区开放发展新的战略支点，形成21世纪海上丝绸之路与丝绸之路经济带有机衔接的重要门户。发挥云南区位优势，推进与周边国家的国际运输通道建设，打造大湄公河次区域经济合作新高地，建设成为面向南亚、东南亚的辐射中心。推进西藏与尼泊尔等国家边境贸易和旅游文化合作。Southwestern region.We should give full play to the unique advantage of Guangxi Zhuang
autonomous region as a neighbor of ASEAN countries, speed up the opening-up and development of the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone and the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone, build an international corridor opening to the ASEAN region, create new strategic anchors for the opening-up and development of the southwest and mid-south regions of China, and form an important gateway connecting the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.We should make good use of the geographic advantage of Yunnan province, advance the construction of an
international transport corridor connecting China with neighboring countries, develop a new highlight of economic cooperation in the Greater Mekong Subregion, and ma
ke the region a pivot of China's opening-up to South and Southeast Asia.We should promote the border trade and tourism and culture cooperation between Tibet autonomous region and neighboring countries such
胞以及香港、澳门特别行政区独特优势作用，积极参与和助力“一带一路”建设。为台湾地区参与“一带一路”建设作出妥善安排。
as Nepal.沿海和港澳台地区。利用长三角、Coastal regions, and Hong Kong, Macao a珠三角、海峡西岸、环渤海等经济区开放程度高、经济实力强、辐射带动作用大的优势，加快推进中国（上海）自由贸易试验区建设，支持福建建设21世纪海上丝绸之路核心区。充分发挥深圳前海、广州南沙、珠海横琴、福建平潭等开放合作区作用，深化与港澳台合作，打造粤港澳大湾区。推进浙江海洋经济发展示范区、福建海峡蓝色经济试验区和舟山群岛新区建设，加大海南国际旅游岛开发开放力度。加强上海、天津、宁波－舟山、广州、深圳、湛江、汕头、青岛、烟台、大连、福州、厦门、泉州、海口、三亚等沿海城市港口建设，强化上海、广州等国际枢纽机场功能。以扩大开放倒逼深层次改革，创新开放型经济体制机制，加大科技创新力度，形成参与和引领国际合作竞争新优势，成为“一带一路”特别是21世纪海上丝绸之路建设的排头兵和主力军。发挥海外侨
nd Taiwan.We should leverage the strengths of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, west coast of the Taiwan Straits, Bohai Rim, and other areas with
economic zones boasting a high level of openness, robust economic strengths and strong catalytic role, speed up the development of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone, and support Fujian province in beco
ming a core area of the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.We should give full scope to the role of Qianhai(Shenzhen), Nansha(Guangzhou), Hengqin(Zhuhai)and Pingtan(Fujian)in opening-up and cooperation, deepen their cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and help to build
the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Big Bay Area.We should promote the development of the Zhejiang Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone, Fujian Marine Economic Pilot Zone and Zhoushan Archipelago New Area, and further open Hainan province as an international tourism island.We should strengthen the port construction of coastal cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhanjiang, Shantou, Qingdao, Yantai, Dalian, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Haikou and Sanya, and strengthen the functions of international hub airports such as Shanghai and Guangzhou.We should use opening-up to motivate these areas to carry out deeper reform, create new systems and mechanisms of open economy, step up scientific and technological innovation, develop new advantages for participating in and leading international cooperation and competition, and become the pacesetter and main force in the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly the building of the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.We should leverage the unique role of overseas Chinese and the Hong Kong and Macao Special
Administrative Regions, and encourage them to participate in and contribute to the Belt and Road Initiative.We should also make proper arrangements for the Taiwan region to be part of this effort.内陆地区。利用内陆纵深广阔、人力资源丰富、产业基础较好优势，依托长江中游城市群、成渝城市群、中原城市群、呼包鄂榆城市群、哈长城市群等重点区域，推动区域互动合作和产业集聚发展，打造重庆西部开发开放重要支撑和成都、郑州、武汉、长沙、南昌、合肥等内陆开放型经济高地。加快推动长江中上游地区和俄罗斯伏尔加河沿岸联邦区的合作。建立中欧通道铁路运输、口岸通关协调机制，打造“中欧班列”品牌，建设沟通境内外、连接东中西的运输通道。支持郑州、西安等内陆城市建设航空港、国际陆港，加强内陆口岸与沿海、沿边口岸通关合作，开展跨境贸易电子商务服务试点。优化海关特殊监管区域布局，创新加工贸易模式，深化与沿线国家的产业合作。
Inland regions.We should make use of the advantages of inland regions, including a vast landmass, rich human resources and a strong industrial foundation, focus on such key regions as the city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, around Chengdu and Chongqing, in central Henan province, around Hohhot, Baotou, Erdos and Yulin, and around Harbin and Changchun to propel regional interaction and cooperation and industrial concentration.We should build Chongqing into an important pivot for developing and opening up the western region, and make Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang and Hefei leading areas of opening-up in the inland regions.We should accelerate cooperation between regions on the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and their counterparts along Russia's Volga River.We should set up coordination mechanisms in terms of railway transport and port customs clearance for the China-Europe corridor, cultivate the brand of “China-Europe freight trains,” and construct a cross-border transport corridor connecting the ea
stern, central and western regions.We should support inland cities such as Zhengzhou and Xi'an in building airports and international land ports, strengthen customs clearance cooperation between inland ports and ports in the coastal and border regions, and launch pilot e-commerce services for cross-border trade.We should optimize the layout of special customs oversight areas, develop new models of processing trade.七、中国积极行动 VII.China in Action 一年多来，中国政府积极推动“一带一路”建设，加强与沿线国家的沟通磋商，推动与沿线国家的务实合作，实施了一系列政策措施，努力收获早期成果。
For more than a year, the Chinese government has been actively promoting the building of the Belt and Road, enhancing communication and consultation and advancing practical cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road, and introduced a series of policies and measures for early outcomes.高层引领推动。习近平主席、李克强总理等国家领导人先后出访20多个国家，出席加强互联互通伙伴关系对话会、中阿合作论坛第六届部长级会议，就双边关系和地区发展问题，多次与有关国家元首和政府首脑进行会晤，深入阐释“一带一路”的深刻内涵和积极意义，就共建“一带一路”达成广泛共识。
High-level guidance and facilitation.President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang have visited over 20 countries, attended the Dialogue on Strengthening Connectivity Partnership and the sixth ministerial conference of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, and met with leaders of relevant countries to discuss bilateral relations and regional development issues.They have used these opportunities to explain the rich content and positive implications of the Belt and Road Initiative, and their efforts have helped bring about a broad consensus on the Belt and Road Initiative.签署合作框架。与部分国家签署了共建“一带一路”合作备忘录，与一些毗邻国家签署了地区合作和边境合作的备忘录以及经
贸合作中长期发展规划。研究编制与一些毗邻国家的地区合作规划纲要。Signing cooperation framework.China has signed MOUs of cooperation on the joint development of the Belt and Road with some countries, and on regional cooperation and border cooperation and mid-and long-term development plans for economic and trade cooperation with some neighboring countries.It has proposed outlines of regional cooperation plans with some adjacent countries.推动项目建设。加强与沿线有关国家的沟通磋商，在基础设施互联互通、产业投资、资源开发、经贸合作、金融合作、人文交流、生态保护、海上合作等领域，推进了一批条件成熟的重点合作项目。Promoting project cooperation.China has enhanced communication and consultation with countries along the Belt and Road, and promoted a number of key cooperation projects in the fields of infrastructure connectivity, industrial investment, resource development, economic and trade cooperation, financial cooperation, cultural exchanges, ecological protection and maritime cooperation where the conditions are right.完善政策措施。中国政府统筹国内各种资源，强化政策支持。推动亚洲基础设施投资银行筹建，发起设立丝路基金，强化中国－欧亚经济合作基金投资功能。推动银行卡清算机构开展跨境清算业务和支付机构开展跨境支付业务。积极推进投资贸易便利化，推进区域通关一体化改革。Improving policies and measures.The Chinese government will integrate its domestic resources to provide stronger policy support for the Initiative.It will facilitate the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.China has proposed the Silk Road Fund, and the investment function of the China-Eurasia Economic Cooperation Fund will be reinforced.We will encourage bank card clearing institutions to conduct cross-border clearing operations, and payment institutions to conduct cross-border payment business.We will actively promote investment and trade facilitation, and accelerate the reform of integrated region
al customs clearance.发挥平台作用。各地成功举办了一系列以“一带一路”为主题的国际峰会、论坛、研讨会、博览会，对增进理解、凝聚共识、深化合作发挥了重要作用。
Boosting the role of cooperation platforms.A number of international summits, forums, seminars and expos on the theme of the Belt and Road Initiative have been held, which have played an important role in increasing mutual understanding, reaching consensus and deepening cooperation.八、共创美好未来
VIII.Embracing a Brighter Future Together
共建“一带一路”是中国的倡议，也是中国与沿线国家的共同愿望。站在新的起点上，中国愿与沿线国家一道，以共建“一带一路”为契机，平等协商，兼顾各方利益，反映各方诉求，携手推动更大范围、更高水平、更深层次的大开放、大交流、大融合。“一带一路”建设是开放的、包容的，欢迎世界各国和国际、地区组织积极参与。Though proposed by China, the Belt and Road Initiative is a common aspiration of all countries along their routes.China is ready to conduct equal-footed consultation with all countries along the Belt and Road to seize the opportunity provided by the Initiative, promote opening-up, communication and integration among countries in a larger scope, with higher standards and at deeper levels, while giving consideration to the interests and aspirations of all parties.The development of the Belt and Road is open and inclusive, and we welcome the active participation of all countries and international and regional organizations in this Initiative.共建“一带一路”的途径是以目标协调、政策沟通为主，不刻意追求一致性，可高度灵活，富有弹性，是多元开放的合作进程。中国愿与沿线国家一道，不断充实完善“一带一路”的合作内容和方式，共同制定时间表、路线图，积极对接沿线国家发展和区域合作规划。
The development of the Belt and Road should mainly be conducted through policy co
mmunication and objectives coordination.It is a pluralistic and open process of cooperation which can be highly flexible, and does not seek conformity.China will join other countries along the Belt and Road to substantiate and improve the content and mode of the Belt and Road cooperation, work out relevant timetables and road maps, and align national development programs and regional cooperation plans.中国愿与沿线国家一道，在既有双多边和区域次区域合作机制框架下，通过合作研究、论坛展会、人员培训、交流访问等多种形式，促进沿线国家对共建“一带一路”内涵、目标、任务等方面的进一步理解和认
同。China will work with countries along the Belt and Road to carry out joint research, forums and fairs, personnel training, exchanges and visits under the framework of existing bilateral, multilateral, regional and subregional cooperation mechanisms, so that they will gain a better understanding and recognition of the contents, objectives and tasks of the Belt and Road Initiative.中国愿与沿线国家一道，稳步推进示范项目建设，共同确定一批能够照顾双多边利益的项目，对各方认可、条件成熟的项目抓紧启动实施，争取早日开花结果。China will work with countries along the Belt and Road to steadily advance demonstration projects, jointly identify programs that accommodate bilateral and multilateral interests, and accelerate the launching of programs that are agreed upon by parties and ready for implementation, so as to ensure early harvest.“一带一路”是一条互尊互信之路，一条合作共赢之路，一条文明互鉴之路。只要沿线各国和衷共济、相向而行，就一定能够谱写建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的新篇章，让沿线各国人民共享“一带一路”共建成果。
The Belt and Road cooperation features mutual respect and trust, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, and mutual learning between civilizations.As long as all count
ries along the Belt and Road make concerted efforts to pursue our common goal, there will be bright prospects for the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, and the people of countries along the Belt and Road can all benefit from this Initiative.
第四篇：一带一路（范文模版）
一带一路
1、读图，并结合资料，回答下列问题。
材料一：新疆喀什是中国的西大门，与五国接壤。喀什将以“东有深圳、西有喀什”为目标，依托国家的特殊扶持政策，面向中亚、西亚广阔市场，努力把喀什建设成为世界级的国际化大都市。
材料二：“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛于2017年5月14日至15日在北京举行，俄罗斯总统普京等将出席会议。高峰论坛是“一带一路”提出3年多来最高规格的论坛活动，是今年中国重要的主场外交活动，对推动国际和地区合作具有重要意义。（来源新华网2017年4月6日）
一带一路
（1）、新疆主要的少数民族是
，本区最突出的自然特征是。
（2）、新疆丰富的天然气资源通过
工程输送到东部地区，该工程一线的起点位
于
盆地的轮南。
（3）、图2所示地区与内地经济联系非常紧密，与珠江三角洲地区形成了“
”的经济模式。
（4）、深圳经济特区隔珠江与澳门相望，通过
（铁路线）与香港、北京相连。以广
州、深圳、珠海为中心的 工业基地，是我国经济发展最快的地区。
（5）、某港商想去喀什投资建厂，经过考察初步确定两个方案。请你运用所学地理知识说明理由。
方案一：建立纺织厂，理由是。
方案二：建立进出口贸易公司，理由是。
（6）、中国有句俗语，“想致富，先修路”，基础设施是大范围、宽领域、高效率合作的基础。：“一
带一路”主要覆盖亚洲、、三大洲，域内相当一部分是基础设施发
展的薄弱地带，基础设施建设也自然成为“一带一路”战略优先领域。
（7）、2017年5月10——15日将在印度尼西亚巴厘岛隆重举行“2017一带一路印尼峰会”。印尼希望中国可以将制造业工厂发展到印度尼西亚。在人力资源、健康、养老领域也有空间。印尼在教育领域可以与中国合作，共同培训与培养人才。（来源半月谈网2017年1月3日）
材料二的一带一路示意图中，印度尼西亚的首都是
，位于
半球（选填“南”或
“北”），该国著名的景点是
。此外该国还是世界上最大的（农作物或经
济作物）生产国。
一带一路
2、阅读图文材料，回答问题。
材料1
在2014年5月21日，习近平在亚信峰会上提出，加快推进“丝绸之路经济带”“21世纪海上丝绸之路”建设，共建“21世纪海上丝绸之路”将中国与世界更加紧密地联系一起。
材料2
21世纪海上是丝绸之路示意图
（1）、海上丝绸之路经过的大洲依次是
，沿线穿过的
温度带有。
（2）、海上丝绸之路起于我国福建泉州，经过
（我国的海域）、运
河，止于荷兰鹿特丹。
（3）、图示地区中，①地区地表形态的主要特点是
；②地农业生
产深受
气候的影响；③地分布的宗教主要是。
（4）、H为
海峡，简述该海峡地理位置的重要性。
一带一路
3、“一带一路”是指“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。是我国发展与沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系，共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体。读下图回答问题。
（1）、“陆上丝绸之路”穿过图兰平原，该地盛产_________（经济作物），里海沿岸_____________
（矿产）资源丰富。近些年来咸海面积不断缩小，其人为原因主要是。
（2）、“陆上丝绸之路”的终点位于荷兰的鹿特丹，是世界最大的港口之一，它西临______________
海，连接欧洲内河航运最繁忙的_________河，位置极为重要。该国盛产鲜花，尤其以_________最著名。
（3）、“海上丝绸之路”必经斯里兰卡岛，该岛地势特征是
，一
月份盛行___________（方向）季风。该岛中的聚落分布特点是什么？
（4）、2014年6月一艘商船从福建泉州港出发，沿“海上丝绸之路”到达东非蒙巴萨港，两地居民在
人种上的差异是__________________________________________。商船继续航行，于7月初到达吉达港，发现当地有许多清真寺，推断当地居民主要信仰_____________教，此时吉达港的气候特征是什么？
一带一路
4、放眼“一带一路”感知地理差异。读材料一和材料二，结合“一带一路示意图”（图1），完成下列各题。
材料一：“一带一路”指的是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”，其贯穿要去大陆，东边连接大经济圈，西边进入欧洲经济圈。
材料二：2016年5月中旬，印度遭受了创纪录的高温侵袭，极值气温突破51℃，从今年4月开始，印度因高温死亡人数不断增加，中国气象台网站的消息，5月18日夜间至21日广东省将迎来新一轮较强降雨。
（1）、“一带一路”A和B两线路采用的交通运输方式分别是
和
，如果有
机会去鹿特丹，你会选择哪条线路？请陈述理由。
一带一路
（2）、“丝绸之路经济带”经过能源丰富的甲国，从图1中可看出该国和我国乙地区在能源种类方面 的共同点是。
（3）、一艘远洋货轮沿“海上丝绸之路”从鹿特丹返回中国，沿途在①②③三地靠港，一位船员记录
了A、B、C所见所闻。
A、在①地见到了图2所示的“特色旅馆”试对旅馆床铺安放在屋顶的做法加以解释。
B、5月份到达②地时，这里的高温天气让人忍受，结合材料二，图1和该地气候资料图（图3）分析此
时高温天气出现的原因主要有哪些：
②地高温干旱时，同纬度的广东地区却降水频繁，主要原因又是什么？
C、在③地靠港时，巧遇一在此投资建厂生产轮胎的中国老乡，分析老乡在此地投资建厂的原因。
一带一路
1、（1）、维吾尔族；干旱；
（2）、西气东输；塔里木；
（3）、前店后厂；
（4）、京九铁路；珠江三角洲；
（5）、近原料产地；喀什与五国接壤，进出口货物方便，依托国家特殊的扶持政策等。
（6）、非洲；欧洲；
（7）、雅加达；南；巴厘岛；椰子。
2、3、（1）、长绒棉（棉花）
石油、天然气
引河流水灌溉，导致入湖水量减少
（2）、北
莱茵
郁金香
（3）、中部高，四周低
东北
沿海、沿河分布
（4）、泉州是黄种人，蒙巴萨是黑种人
伊斯兰
炎热干燥
4、（1）、铁路；海运；A线；该路线路程短，速度快；
（2）、都有丰富的油气资源；
（3）、A、中东地区主要属于热带沙漠气候，终年炎热干燥，把床铺放在屋顶上便于通风纳凉；
B、这里是热带，5月气温回升很快，北部有高山阻挡，无冷空气南下影响，雨季未开始，天气晴朗；
广东省位于东南沿海，5月东南季风已经影响该地，雨带移至这里，广东省进入雨季，所以
降水频繁；
C、这里盛产天然橡胶，原料丰富，劳动力、土地廉价，有政府优惠政策。
一带一路
第五篇：一带一路专题
现代文阅读
现代文阅读一：
宏观视野下的丝绸之路
公元2世纪中叶，张骞受汉武帝派遣凿空西域，开通丝绸之路。早在张骞之前，东西方通道已有雏形。商周玉器是通过“玉石之路”从新疆和田运来的。《管子》多次谈到“月氏之玉”，也许就是从这条“走私”路上贩运来的。张骞之后，丝绸之路才真正建立和发展起来。
先秦时期，玉石之路上的商品往来具有私人贩运性质，贩运的主体可能是西戎民族。秦穆公称霸西戎，对于东西贸易开拓有一定促进作用。秦朝及汉初，匈奴几乎垄断了通往西域的道路，也垄断了通道贸易。汉武帝凭借祖父几代休养生息政策积累起来的国力，果断采
取反击匈奴政策，才有张骞的出使。
张骞来到大月氏（今阿富汗），引起他注意的是蜀地的竹制品和纺织品。当地人告诉他，这些物品是从印度来的。由此，张骞不经意间就发现了经四川、云南到缅甸而至印度的商贸通道。张骞第二次出使，携带了更多的物品分送出使诸国，虽不算官方贸易，却促进了西域诸部族和邦国来华。这些外邦来使，与其说是向风慕义，不如说是为了经贸往来。
继汉武帝建立河西四郡后，昭宣时代和东汉王朝致力于建立西域地区军事管理体制——西域都护，从而保障了这条贸易通道的畅通。唐朝设立安西四镇和伊西北庭都护府，对葱岭东西地区的羁縻府州实行了有效的控制，从而使唐朝的丝绸之路，比之于汉代有了长足发展。可以说，汉唐时代的国力强盛，是丝绸之路得以建立、巩固与发展的先决条件。
值得提出的是，葱岭以西的道路建设，早在汉代官方开通丝绸之路之前，古波斯帝国和亚历山大帝国时期，就有相
当水平。在张骞打通西域而建立起从中原经新疆至大夏的商路后，中亚原有道路网中的主要干线便成为丝绸之路的西段，从长安横贯中亚、西亚到欧洲，构成了陆上丝绸之路经济带。
陆上丝绸之路担当东西贸易的商人主要是月氏、匈奴人。关于边境贸易，《洛阳伽蓝记》记载了前来北魏“四夷馆”贩货的“商胡客贩，日奔塞下”，把来华贸易的热闹情景表现无遗。外商来了之后，“乐中国土风，因而宅者，不可胜数”。这些侨居商人，即所谓西夷。
隋唐一统，特别是唐太宗平东突厥、平高昌，促进了丝绸之路贸易的发展。吐鲁番出土文书显示，贸易物品的规格和价格是为适应边境贸易而订。唐朝在边境地区设置了管理商贸活动的“互市监”，安禄山最早在幽州做互市牙郎，就是管这项工作的。边境节度使热衷于边贸，是因为这是其重要的财政收入。而这笔收入，中央政府是把它计算在对边军经费开支中的。《新唐书西域传下》说：“税西域商胡以供四镇，出北道者纳赋轮台，地广则税倍。”
宋代，西北地区掌握在西夏政权手里，陆上通道受影响，海上贸易因而兴盛。13世纪蒙古帝国建立了横跨欧亚的大帝国，东西方贸易也空前高涨。可是，西人东来，不仅冲破了中间商的盘剥与垄断，也冲击了中国政府特别是明朝政府在丝路所经南海地区的朝贡体系。1500年至1800年期间，中国对外政策的大体趋势为：明末渐趋开放，清初限制性开放，雍乾日益收缩。
总之，远东地区与欧亚非大陆的贸易，从上古的走私活动，到汉唐时代的边境贸易，乃至大海航时代以来的中欧直接通商，不仅仅是沟通陆上丝绸之路经济带和海上丝绸之路经济联系的伟大贸易活动，也是“一路一带”沿途国家和地区政治实力兴衰消长的晴雨表。
（节选自张国刚《宏观视野下的丝绸之路》，有删改）
1．下列关于“陆上丝绸之路”的表述，不正确的一项是
A．丝绸之路真正建立和发展起来是在张骞之后，这是汉武帝凭借祖父几代休养生息政策积累起来的国力，采取反击匈奴政策的结果。
B．历代所建立的河西四郡、西域都护、安西四镇和伊西北庭都护府保障了陆上贸易通道的畅通，使这条丝绸之路有了不断发展。C．陆上丝绸之路是在张骞打通西域而建立起从中原经新疆至大夏的商路后，连接中亚、西亚原有道路网一直通到欧洲的一条贸易通道。
D．陆上丝绸之路在宋代时由于西北地区受西夏政权掌控，丝绸之路的商贸荡然无存，蒙古帝国的建立，东西方贸易又恢复并空前高涨。
2．下列理解和分析，符合原文意思的一项是
A．商周时期，东西方通道已经走通。《管子》多次谈到的“月氏之玉”就是从新疆和田运过来的，只不过这条路属于“走私”性质。
B．北魏时期，边境贸易较为繁华，《洛阳伽蓝记》记载了贩货的商客来华贸易的热闹情景，很多人因商贸和“中国土风”侨居下来。
C．吐鲁番出土文书显示，唐朝时期边贸官员为适应边境贸易制定了贸易物品的规格和价格，因而这些制度促进了丝绸之路贸易的发展。
D．唐朝在边境地区设置的“互市监”所收税收是边境节度使的财政收入之一，边军经费从中开支，这在《新唐书西域传下》里有记载。
3．根据原文内容，下列理解和分析正确的一项是
A．先秦时期，西戎民族在玉石之路上的商品往来以及秦穆公称霸西戎时的贸易活动对汉代后来建立发展的陆上丝绸之路都具有一定的促进作用。
B．张骞发现的经四川、云南到缅甸而至印度的商贸通道是他第二次出使的路线，这次出使促使了诸部族和邦国的一些使者来华进行贸易活动。
C．大海航时代的西人东来对中国海上朝贡体系有所冲击，因此陆上丝绸之路的政策调整为：明末渐趋开放，清初限制性开放，雍乾日益收缩。
D．陆上丝绸之路及海上丝绸之路经济贸易活动的兴衰消长折射出中国及“一路一带”沿途国家和地区政治、经济、文化、军事实力的兴衰消长。
答案：
1．D（错在“荡然无存”，原文是“陆上通道受影响”）
2．B(A项错在绝对化了，原文有“也许”；C项原因错误，“促进了丝绸之路贸易的发展”的原因是“隋唐一统，特别是唐太宗平东突厥、平高昌”而不是“这些制度”；D项错在内容理解有误，中央政府是把这笔收入计算在对边军经费开支中的，而非边军经费从税收中开支)3．A(B项无中生有，错在“使得他第二次出使就途径这些诸部族和邦国”；C项概念混淆，错在“陆上丝绸之路的政策调整”，原文是“中国对外政策的大体趋势”；D项无中生有，“经济、文化、军事”为凭空添加)
现代文阅读二：
“一带一路”需要语言铺路
“一带一路”建设借用丝绸之路这一历史资源，与沿线各国发展经济合作伙伴关系，共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、责任共同体和命运共同体。它涉及几十个国家、数十亿人口，这些国家在历史上创造了多姿多彩的文明形态。海行靠舟，陆运需车。语言，即思想之舟舆．在推进“一带一路”建设中，语言如何铺路？怎样搭桥？ 既达意又表情。
在哈萨克斯坦首谈丝绸之路经济带时，就高瞻远瞩地提出“五通”。实现“五通”，当然需要语言互通。首先，政策要用语言表述。协商制定区域合作规划与措施，并使相关政策、法律、规划、措施为民所知所用，环环都需语言交流。其次，设施联通更需语言连通。语言之路不通畅，其他方面也难以通畅。再次，“五通”之中，民心相通看似最“软”，但要把“一带一路”建设为命运共同体，实现利益互惠、责任共担，民心相通更为根本。“一带一路”建设可以用英语等作为通用语，但这种通用语只能达意，难以表情；只能通事，难以通心。欲表情、通心，需用本区域各国各族人民最乐意使用的语言。粗略统计，“一带一路”建设涉及国家的国语或国家通用语有近50种，再算上这一区域民族或部族语言，重要者不下200种。这50种或者200种语言，乃是表情、通心之语，应当列入“一带一路”语言规划的项目单中。既看得明白又看着顺眼。“一带一路”建设的基本理念是互利共赢，表现在语言理念上就是提倡平等互惠。在各种概念的中外翻译中，应尊重各种文化的语言使用习惯，特别要注意能让更多的人看得明白、看着顺眼，注意词语使用得体。比如“汉语推广”“过剩产能输出”等，都未必是合适的用语，因为这些词语要么含有不平等的话外之音，要么是用中国眼光看世界，容易引起误读。此外，有人把“一带一路”分为“新起点”“真正起点”“黄金段”“核心区”“中心线”“支点国家”等，特别是国内一些地区正在“抢占制高点”。如此“截路分等”是否合适，值得仔细斟酌。
信息化时代，大数据与“互联网+”使语言的作用急遽放大。推进“一带一路”建设，应重视语言规划。第一，研究“一带一路”语言状况。摸清底数、列出清单、组织调研，建立语言数据库。第二，注重培养语言人才。改革开放以来，我国外语学习不断升温，公民外语水平大有提高。但学习的语种较为单一，主要集中在英语等大语种上。第三，了解相关国家的语言政策及语言使用习惯。语言政策是公共政策的重要组成部分，语言使用习惯是重要文化习惯。第四，充分利用语言技术。当下人类的语言交际多数伴随着语言产品，得助于语言技术，比如智能手机、短信微信、电子邮件、PPT、翻译软件等。第五，做好社会语言服务工作。语言服务，需要政府与民间双手推动、更多依靠民间力量，需要公益服务与有偿服务双腿行进。
（摘自《人民日报》2015年9月22日期）
1．下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是
A．“一带一路”建没借用丝绸之路的历史资源，与曾创造多彩文明形态的沿线各国发展经济合作关系，打造互利共赢的共同体。B．在哈萨克斯坦首谈丝绸之路经济带时提出“五通”，其中就有语言互通。“语言互通”才能更好建设“一带一路”。
C．“一带一路”建设尽管可以用英语等大语种作为通用语，但更需使用本区域的近50种甚至不下200种的能够表情、通心之语。
D．互利共赢是“一带一路”建设的基本理念，表现在语言理念上就是提倡平等互惠，使用得体的词语让更多人看得明白，看着顺眼。
2．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是
A．建设丝绸之路经济带，要实现“五通”，无论是政策互通，还是设施联通，都需要发挥语言在沟通方面所起的桥梁作用。
B．在“五通”中，民心相通看似最“软”，其实是个根本因素，而真止能够促进民心相通的通用语不能只是达意，还要表情。
C．要实现语言上的平等互惠，应尊重各种文化的语言使用习惯，注意词语使用得当，对一些含有不平等话外音的词语要少用、慎用。
D．信息化时代，往人数据与“互联网+”使语言的作用急遽放大的背景下，推进“一带一路”建设，应该充分重视语言规划。
3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是
A．在“一带一路”的语言建设中，要想既看得明白又看着顺眼，最好制定有关术语使用与翻译原则，拟定不建议使用词表或忌讳词表。B．由于外语学习主要集中在英语等大语种上，能使用“一带一路”建设中“表情、通心”语言的人才十分缺乏，需要加大培养力度。
C．语言政策、语言使用习惯可谓“一带一路”建设的核心基础。对此，应研究并出版相关书刊，以便遵守语言政策，尊重语言习惯。
D．在“一带一路”建设中，发挥语言的桥梁作用，应充分利用语言技术，政府和民间双手推动，更多依靠民间力量，做好语言服务工作。
答案：
1．B（与文不符。“五通”，并不包括语言互通。）
2．C（曲解文意。“少用、慎用”错误。据原文第三段语境，不能使用“含有不平等话外音的词语”）
3．C（无中生有。原文未提及语言政策、语言使用习惯是“一带一路”建设的核心基础。）
第二部分 文言文阅读
一、文言文阅读（19分）
（一）张骞传（全文）
原文：
①张骞，汉中人也。建元中为郎。时匈奴降者言匈奴破月氏王，以其头为饮器，月氏遁而怨匈奴，无与共击之。汉方欲事灭胡，闻此言，欲通使，道必更匈奴中，乃募能使者。骞以郎应募，使月氏。与堂邑氏奴甘父俱出陇西。径匈奴，匈奴得之，传诣单于。单于曰：“月氏在吾北，汉何以得往使？吾欲使越，汉肯听我乎？”留骞十余岁，予妻，有子，然骞持汉节不失。
译文： ①张骞是汉中人。建元年间被任命为郎官。那时匈奴投降过来的人说匈奴攻破月氏王，并且用月氏王的头颅做酒器。月氏因此逃避而且怨恨匈奴，就是苦于没有人和他们一起打击匈奴。汉王朝正想从事消灭匈奴的战争，听说此言，就想派人出使月氏，可匈奴国又是必经之路，于是就招募能够出使的人。张骞以郎官的身分应募出使月氏。与堂邑氏的奴仆甘父一起离开陇西。途经匈奴，被匈奴人截获，用传车送到单于那里。单于说：“月氏在我的北边，汉朝人怎么能往那儿出使呢？我如果想派人出使南越，汉朝肯任凭我们的人经过吗？”扣留张骞十多年。给他娶妻，并生了儿子，然而张骞仍持汉节不失使者身分。
原文：
②居匈奴西，骞因与其属亡向月氏，西走数十日，至大宛。大宛闻汉之饶财，欲通不得，见骞，喜，问欲何之。骞曰：“为汉使月氏，而为匈奴所闭道，今亡，唯王使人道送我。诚得至，反汉，汉之赂遗王财物，不可胜言。”大宛以为然，遣骞，为发译道，抵康居。康居传致大月氏。大月氏王已为胡所杀，立其夫人为王。既臣大夏而君之，地肥饶，少寇，志安乐，又自以远远汉，殊无报胡之心。骞从月氏至大夏，竟不能得月氏要领。留岁余，还。并南山，欲从羌中归，复为匈奴所得。留岁余，单于死，国内乱，骞与胡妻及堂邑父俱亡归汉。拜骞太中大夫，堂邑父为奉使君。
译文：
②因居住在匈奴西部，张骞趁机带领他的部属一起向月氏逃亡。往西跑了几十天，到了大宛。大宛听说汉朝财物丰富，想和汉朝交往可找不到机会。见到张骞非常高兴，问他要到哪里去。张骞说：“替汉朝出使月氏，而被匈奴封锁道路，不让通行，现在逃亡到贵国，希望大王能派人带路，送我们去，假如能够到达月氏，我们返回汉朝后，汉朝送给大王的财物，一定多得不可尽言。”大宛认为可以，就送他们去，并为他们派遣了翻译和向导。送到康居，康居用传车将他们送到大月氏。这时，原来的大月氏王已被匈奴所杀，立了他的夫人为王。大月氏已经使大夏臣服并统治着它。他们那里土地肥沃，出产丰富，没有侵扰，心境悠闲安乐，又自认为距离汉朝遥远而不想亲近汉朝，全然没有向匈奴报仇的意思。张骞从月氏到大夏，始终得不得月氏王明确的表示。逗留一年多后，只得返程。沿着南山，想从羌人居住的地方回到汉朝，又被匈奴截获。扣留一年多，碰巧单于死了，匈奴国内混乱，张骞便带着他匈奴籍的妻子以及堂邑甘父一起逃跑回到了汉朝。朝廷授予他太中太夫官职，堂邑甘父也当上了奉使君。
原文：
③骞为人强力，宽大信人，蛮夷爱之。堂邑父，胡人，善射，穷急，射禽兽给食。初，骞行时百余人，去十三岁，唯二人得还。
译文：
③张骞这个人性格坚强而有毅力，度量宽大，对人讲信用，蛮人很喜爱他。堂邑甘父是匈奴人，善于射箭，处境窘迫的时候就射捕禽兽来供给食用。当初，张骞出发时有一百多人，离汉十三年，只有他们二人得以回还。
原文：
④骞身所至者，大宛、大月氏、大夏、康居，而传闻其旁大国五六，具为天子言其地形所有。语皆在《西域传》。
译文：
④张骞亲身到过的地方有大宛、大月氏、大夏、康居等国，并且听说了这些国家邻近的五六个大国的情况。他向皇帝一一禀告了这些地方的地形和物产。张骞所说的话都记载在《西域传》中。
原文：
⑤骞曰：“臣在大夏时，见邛竹杖、蜀布，问安得此，大夏国人日：‘吾贾人往市之身毒国。身毒国在大夏东南可数千里。其俗土著，与大夏同，而卑湿暑热，其民乘象以战。其国临大水焉。’以骞度之，大夏去汉万二千里，居西南。今身毒又居大夏东南数千里，有蜀物，此其去蜀不远矣。今使大夏，从羌中，险，羌人恶之；少北，则为匈奴所得；从蜀，宜径，又无寇。”天子既闻大宛及大夏、安息之属皆大国，多奇物，土著，颇与中国同俗，而兵弱，贵汉财物；其北则大月氏、康居之属，兵强，可以赂遗设利朝也。诚得而以义属之，则广地万里，重九译，致殊俗，威德遍于四海。天子欣欣以骞言为然。乃令因蜀、犍为发间使，四道并出：出駹，出莋，出徙、邛，出僰，皆各行一二千里。其北方闭氐、莋，南方闭嶲、昆明。昆明之属无君长，善寇盗，辄杀略汉使，终莫得通。然闻其西可千余里，有乘象国，名滇越，而蜀贾间出物者或至焉，于是汉以求大夏道始通滇国。初，汉欲通西南夷，费多，罢之。及骞言可以通大夏，乃复事西南夷。
译文：
⑤张骞说：“我在大夏时，见到邛崃山出产的竹杖和蜀地出产的布。我问他们是从哪里得到这些东西的，大夏人说：‘我们的商人去身毒国买来的。身毒国在大夏东南大约几千里的地方。他们的习俗是定土而居，和大夏一样；但地势低湿暑热，他们的百姓骑着大象作战。他们的国土靠近恒河呢。’以我推测地理方位看，大夏离汉朝一万二千里，在西南边。现在身毒又在大夏东南几千里，有蜀地的东西，这就表明身毒大概离蜀地不远了。现在出使大夏，要经过羌人居住的地方，路不好走，羌人讨厌我们；稍微往北，就会被匈奴抓获；从蜀地去，该会是直路，又没有干扰。”皇帝知道了大宛及大夏、安息等国都是大国，有很多珍奇宝物，又是定土而居，差不多和汉朝的习俗相同，而且兵力弱小，又看重汉朝的财物；他们的北面就是大月氏、康居等国，兵力强大，可以用赠送财物、施之以利的办法让他们来朝拜汉朝。假如能够不用武力而施用恩谊使他们归附汉朝的话，那就可以扩展很多领土，一直到达要经过多次辗转翻译才能听懂话的远方，招来不同习俗的人，在四海之内遍布威望和恩德。皇帝非常高兴，认为张骞的话很对。于是命令由蜀郡、犍为郡派出秘密使者，四条路线一同出发：从冉駹，从莋都，从徙和邛都，从僰，各路都走了一二千里。往北路去的使者被氐、莋阻拦住了，南去的使者又被嶲、昆明阻拦住了。昆明的少数民族没有君王，喜欢抢劫偷盗，总是杀害和抢劫汉朝使者，始终没有人能够通过。但听说昆明的西边大约一千多里路有一个骑象的国家，名叫滇越，而蜀郡商贾私自贩运货物的有人到过那里。于是汉朝由于探求通往大夏的道路才和滇越国有了往来。当初，汉朝想和西南各民族往来，但麻烦很多，就停止了。直到张骞说可以由此通往大夏，才又开始从事和西南各民族建立关系。
原文：
⑥骞以校尉从大将军击匈奴，知水草处，军得以不乏，乃封骞为博望侯。是岁，元朔六年也。后二年，骞为卫尉，与李广俱出右北平击匈奴。匈奴围李将军，军失亡多，而骞后期，当斩，赎为庶人。是岁骠骑将军破匈奴西边，杀数万人，至祁连山。其秋，浑邪王率众降汉，而金城、河西并南山至盐泽，空，无匈奴。匈奴时有候者到，而希矣。后二年，汉击走单于于幕北。
译文：
⑥张骞以校尉的身分随从大将军卫青攻打匈奴，他知道水源和有牧草的地方，军队能够因此减少困乏，于是朝廷封张骞为博望侯。这一年是元朔六年。又过了两年，张骞担任卫尉，与李广一起从右北平出发攻打匈奴。匈奴围住了李将军，军队损失逃亡的很多，张骞由于晚于约定的日期到达，判处斩头，他用爵位赎免死罪，成为普通平民。这一年，骠骑将军攻破匈奴西部，杀敌几万人，一直打到了祁连山。这年的秋天，浑邪王率领部下投降了汉朝，因而金城、黄河以西沿着南山直到盐泽一带无人居住，没有匈奴侵扰。匈奴常有侦察人员到这一带来，然而人数很少了。又过了两年，汉朝把单于打跑到漠北去了。
原文：
⑦天子数问骞大夏之属。骞既失侯，因曰：“臣居匈奴中，闻乌孙王号昆莫。昆莫父难兜靡本与大月氏俱在祁连、敦煌间，小国也。大月氏攻杀难兜靡，夺其地，人民亡走匈奴。子昆莫新生，傅父布就翕侯抱亡，置草中。为求食，还，见狼乳之，又乌衔肉翔其旁，以为神。遂持归匈奴，单于爱养之。及壮，以其父民众与昆莫，使将兵，数有功。时，月氏已为匈奴所破，西击塞王。塞王南走远徙，月氏居其地。昆莫既健，自请单于报父怨，遂西攻破大月氏。大月氏复西走，徙大夏地。昆莫略其众，因留居，兵稍强。会单于死，不肯复朝事匈奴。匈奴遣兵击之，不胜，益以为神而远之。今单于新困于汉，而昆莫地空。蛮夷恋故地，又贪汉物。诚以此时厚赂乌孙，招以东居故地，汉遣公主为夫人，结昆弟，其势宜听。则是断匈奴右臂也。既连乌孙，自其西大夏之属皆可招来而为外臣。”天子以为然，拜骞为中郎将，将三百人，马各二匹，牛羊以万数，赍金币帛直数千巨万，多持节副使，道可，便遣之旁国。骞既至乌孙，致赐谕指，未能得其决。语在《西域传》。骞即分遣副使使大宛、康居、月氏、大夏。乌孙发译道送骞，与乌孙使数十人，马数十匹，报谢，因令窥汉，知其广大。
译文：
⑦皇帝多次问张骞有关大夏等国的情况。张骞已经失去爵位，就回答说：“我居住在匈奴时，听说乌孙王叫昆莫。昆莫的父亲难兜靡本来与大月氏都在祁连和敦煌之间，是个小国。大月氏攻击并杀掉了难兜靡，夺取了他的土地，乌孙百姓逃亡到匈奴。当时他的儿子昆莫刚刚出生，傅父布就翕侯抱着昆莫逃跑，把他藏在草里面。傅父给昆莫去寻找食品，回来时看见狼在给他奶吃，还有乌鸦叼着肉在他旁边飞翔，以为他有神助。于是，带着他归附了匈奴。单于很喜爱他，就收养下来了。等他长大后，把他父亲原来的百姓交给了他，叫他带兵，结果屡建功劳。当时，月氏已被匈奴所攻破，月氏便往西攻打塞王，塞王向南逃跑迁徙到很远的地方去了，月氏就占据了塞王原来的地方。昆莫成人后，自己向单于请求报杀父之仇，使出兵西边攻破大月氏。大月氏再往西逃跑，迁徙到大夏的地方。昆莫夺得了大月氏的百姓，就留居在大月氏的领土上，兵力渐渐强大起来。这时正碰上单于死了，他不肯再朝拜侍奉于匈奴。匈奴派军队攻打他，汉能取胜，更认为他有神助而远远地避开他。现在单于刚被我们所困，而且乌孙故地又是空着的。乌孙这个民族的人留恋故乡，又贪图汉朝的物产。如果在这时以大量的财物赠给乌孙，用他们在东边居住过的老地方来招引他们，汉朝还可派遣公主给昆莫作夫人，与他结为兄弟，根据现在的情势看，乌孙该会听从我们。那么这就好象截断了匈奴的右臂。联合了乌孙之后，那么在乌孙以西的大夏等国就都可以招引来成为我们境外的臣民。”皇帝认为他的话有道理，授予他中郎将的官职，率领三百人，每人两匹马，牛羊数以万计，带的金银、礼品价值几千亿，还带了许多持节副使，如果道路可以通行，就灵活派遣这些副使到附近的国家去。张骞到乌孙国以后，把汉帝的赏赐送给了乌孙王并传达了汉帝的旨意，但没能得到乌孙王确定的回复。这些话都记载在《西域传》中。张骞及时分遣副使出使大宛、康居、月氏、大夏等国。乌孙王派遣翻译和向导送张骞回汉朝，同时还派了乌孙使者几十人，马几十匹，来答谢汉帝，乘机让他们窥伺汉朝，了解到汉朝地域广大。
原文：
⑧骞还，拜为大行。岁余，骞卒。后岁余，其所遣副使通大夏之属者皆颇与其人俱来，于是西北国始通于汉矣。然骞凿空，诸后使往者皆称博望侯，以为质于外国，外国由是信之。其后，乌孙竟与汉结婚。
译文：
⑧张骞回来后，朝廷授予他大行令官职。过了一年多，张骞去世。又过了一年多，他所派遣出使大夏等国的副使几乎都和所出使之国的使者一起来汉。从这时起，西北各国开始与汉朝相来往了。因张骞开辟了通西域的道路，后来许多使者出使国外也都称作博望侯，以此来取信于外国，外国人也因此信任他们。这以后，乌孙王终究还是与汉朝通婚了。
（选自《汉书.张骞李广利列传》）
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